Battery charger with booster pack

[0001] The present application is a Continuation-In-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/177,635, filed Jun. 21, 2002 which is based on and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/300,386, filed Jun. 22, 2001.

[0002] The present invention relates to rechargeable storage batteries. More specifically, the present invention relates to a battery charger/tester with an integrated jump-start booster pack for use with such storage batteries.

[0003] Chemical batteries which create electricity from chemical reactions have been known for many years. Such batteries are becoming increasingly important and have found uses throughout industry. These uses include automobiles, UPS systems, etc.

[0004] One advantage of chemical batteries, such as lead acid storage batteries, is that they can be charged and the chemical process reversed by forcing electricity through the battery. Charging systems are widely known in the art and are widely available in the consumer market. One of the most common techniques for recharging storage batteries is simply placing a voltage source across the battery having a voltage which is greater than the battery voltage. The voltage difference will cause a charging current to flow through the battery causing a reversal of the chemical reaction. More sophisticated chargers have also been developed in which battery voltage is monitored in an attempt to determine when a battery is fully charged. In addition, techniques have been developed for charging a battery in which the condition of the battery is monitored throughout the charging process.

[0005] As mentioned above, rechargeable batteries are employed in automobiles. These rechargeable vehicle batteries provide cranking power to start the vehicle and are also the only source of power to continue to maintain the lights or other devices in operation when the vehicle ignition has been turned off. Circumstances may occur that cause the vehicle battery charge to deplete so that the battery is incapable of starting the vehicle. Such conditions normally arise due to the fact that the operator of the vehicle has inadvertently left the lights, radio, or other energy consuming device or accessory running in the vehicle after the vehicle ignition has been turned off. Such a depleted or “dead” battery is incapable of providing the necessary cranking power to start the vehicle. Frequently, a jump-start booster pack is used to provide cranking energy to start the vehicle under these conditions. A battery charger is another alternative for charging a depleted battery. The disadvantage of a battery charger is that it typically needs to be connected to an alternating current (AC) supply which may not be accessible where the vehicle battery dies. A jump start booster pack typically includes a battery of the same terminal voltage as the vehicle battery but of much smaller capacity. The jump-start booster pack need not be connected to a power supply and is therefore convenient to use wherever the vehicle battery dies. A disadvantage of a jump-start booster battery is that it usually cannot be recharged easily and may be in a depleted condition when it is required to charge a dead battery.

[0006] In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, an apparatus that supplies energy to a vehicle battery is provided. The apparatus includes a positive connector that couples to a positive terminal of the vehicle battery and a negative connector that couples to a negative terminal of the vehicle battery. A battery charger applies a charge signal to the vehicle battery through the positive and negative connectors to thereby charge the vehicle battery. A jump-start booster pack, coupled to the battery charger, can optionally provide starting energy to the vehicle battery through the positive and negative connectors. The booster pack can be charged by the charge signal. In one aspect, the battery charger is a switch-mode charger.

[0013] FIG. 1-1 is a simplified block diagram of a battery charger with an integrated jump-start booster pack in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The same reference numerals are used in the various figures to represent the same or similar elements. System 100 is shown coupled to a vehicle battery 102. System 100 includes battery charging circuitry 104, jump-start booster pack 106 and mode selection switch 108. System 100 couples to battery contacts 110 and 112 through electrical connections 114 and 116 respectively. Details and components of a battery charging circuit 104 are provided further below in connection with FIG. 2-1. Jump-start booster pack 106, which is described further below in connection with FIG. 2-2, typically includes an internal booster battery of the same terminal voltage as vehicle battery 102 but is of much smaller capacity. Mode selection switch 108 can be set in different positions, with each position corresponding to a different mode in which system 100 operates. For example, system 100 can be set to operate in modes such as “charge vehicle battery”, “charge booster battery”, “charge vehicle battery and booster battery”, “jump-start vehicle battery”, “test vehicle battery”, “test booster battery”, “use booster battery as direct current source”, “use booster battery as alternating current source”, “combine output of booster battery and charger”, etc. System 100 does not have to be connected to a power outlet when operating in “jump-start vehicle battery”, “use booster battery as direct current source” or “use booster battery as alternating current source” mode. System 100 is typically connected to a power outlet when operating in other modes.

[0014] Thus, by combining battery charger 104 with booster pack 106, system 100 can be used to charge/start vehicle battery 102 when close to an electrical outlet, or in locations where an electrical outlet is not available. As mentioned above, when system 100 is used for charging vehicle battery 102, it can also simultaneously recharge an internal battery of booster pack 106. System 100 can also include a battery test circuit (described further below in connection with FIG. 2-1) that can test both vehicle battery 102 and the internal battery of booster pack 106. System 100 may be transportable on wheels or may also be portable. A portable embodiment of system 100 is described below in connection with FIG. 1-2.

[0015] FIG. 1-2 is an exploded view of a battery charger with an integrated jump-start booster pack in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Portable system 100 includes a housing 103 with a battery cavity 105 that can receive a booster battery 120. Internal to housing 103, is circuitry of booster 106 and battery charger 104. A handle 122 is included for conveniently carrying portable system 100. Polarized plugs 124 are included for easy connection of cables, which are employed to electrically couple system 100 to a vehicle battery (not shown in FIG. 1-2). Lid 126, which may be any type of easily removable lid, is provided to hold booster battery 120 in place within battery cavity 105. Also included is mode selection switch 108, which is typically slidably coupled to housing 103, and LED(s) 128 that indicate different statuses such as charge level of the vehicle battery (not shown in FIG. 1-2), etc. System 100 is also capable of providing portable power. An auxiliary alternating current (AC) outlet 130 that provides power from internal booster battery 120 through an inverter (not shown in FIG. 1-2) is included in system 100. Further, an auxiliary direct current (DC) outlet 132 to supply portable power from internal booster battery 120 is also included in system 100. Output 132 may be identical to a cigarette lighter socket. Battery or low voltage operated devices such as emergency lamps, search lamps, a vacuum cleaner, etc., may be powered from booster battery 120 of system 100 by being connected from their own plug to an outlet (such as 130, 132) of system 100, when system 100 itself is not receiving power from an external source. System 100, which is also suitable for rental applications, includes a rental meter 134 that includes components such as an hour meter 136, a cycle counter 138, which tracks charge/discharge cycles of internal booster battery 120, and any type of code-protected resetting mechanism 140 to reset hour meter 136. Mechanism 140 can perform the resetting function when an owner of system 100 swipes a card through a reader (not shown) included in mechanism 140 and enters a code, for example. In some embodiments of the present invention, internal booster battery 120 may be charged by vehicle battery 102 (FIG. 1-1) or a vehicle alternator system (not shown) by electrically coupling to input 142, which couples to nodes 154 and 156 (see FIG. 2-2) of booster pack circuitry 106 of system 100. System 100 also includes support posts 144 that can be utilized for wrapping cables, and/or a recess (not shown) for stashing cables. A current and/or voltage gauge or meter 146 can optionally be included to provide current and/or voltage readings during operation of system 100.

[0016] Different types of batteries may be used as an internal battery for booster pack 120. A preferred internal booster battery 120 for a portable embodiment of system 100 is a Thin Metal Film lead acid battery. These batteries have very high cranking current, almost no reserve capacity, and very small size and weight. In some embodiments, internal booster battery 120 is a Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) battery. VRLA batteries are usually low cost and leak proof. Spirally wound VRLA batteries usually do no leak when held in different positions, no gassing occurs in such batteries and they have a high cranking current. Internal booster battery can be replaced relatively easily. In some embodiments of the present invention, internal booster battery 120 may include a maintenance due indicator 148, which provides an output indicating that maintenance is required as a function of battery conditions such as battery sulfation levels, etc. In embodiments of the present invention system 100 can provide a boost charge signal to the vehicle battery. The boost charge signal is a combination of the charge signal from the battery charger and the starting energy from the jump-start booster pack. Also, only the charge signal, or only the starting energy can be provided to vehicle battery 102, by selectively electrically coupling either battery charger 104 or booster 106 to vehicle battery 102 by making an appropriate selection on mode selection switch 108.

[0017] FIG. 2-1 is a simplified block diagram showing circuitry of combined battery charger and jump-start booster pack in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Battery charger 104, of system 100, includes battery charging circuitry 210 and battery testing circuitry 212. Battery charge circuitry 210 generally includes AC source 214 transformer 216 and rectifier 218. In one preferred embodiment, a four point (or Kelvin) connection technique is used in which battery charge circuitry 210 couples to vehicle battery 102 through electrical connections 114A and 116A while battery testing circuitry 212 couples to vehicle battery 102 through electrical connections 114B and 116B.

[0018] Battery testing circuitry 212 includes voltage measurement circuitry 224 and current measurement circuitry 226 which provide outputs to microprocessor 228. Microprocessor 228 also couples to a system clock 230 and memory 232 which is used to store information and programming instructions. In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 2-2, microprocessor 228 also couples to booster pack 106, user output circuitry 234 and user input circuitry 236.

[0019] Voltage measurement circuitry 224 includes capacitors 238 which couple analog to digital converter 240 to vehicle battery 102 thorough electrical connections 114B and 116B. Any type of coupling mechanism may be used for element 238 and capacitors are merely shown as one preferred embodiment. Further, the device may also couple to DC signals. Current measurement circuitry 226 includes a shunt resistor (R_s) 242 and coupling capacitors 244. Shunt resistor 242 is coupled in series with battery charging circuitry 210. Other current measurement techniques are within the scope of the invention including Hall-Effect sensors, magnetic or inductive coupling, etc. An analog to digital converter 246 is connected across shunt resistor 242 by capacitors 244 such that the voltage provided to analog to digital converter 246 is proportional to a current I flowing through vehicle battery 102 due to charging circuitry 210. Analog to digital converter 246 provides a digitized output representative of this current to microprocessor 228.

[0020] During operation in vehicle battery charging mode, AC source 214 is coupled to vehicle battery 102 through transformer 216 and rectifier 218. Rectifier 218 provides half wave rectification such that current I has a non-zero DC value. Of course, full wave rectification or other AC sources may also be used. Analog to digital converter 246 provides a digitized output to microprocessor 228 which is representative of current I flowing through vehicle battery 102. Similarly, analog to digital converter 224 provides a digitized output representative of the voltage across the positive and negative terminals of vehicle battery 102. Analog to digital converters 224 and 246 are capacitively coupled to vehicle battery 102 such that they measure the AC components of the charging signal.

[0021] Microprocessor 228 determines the conductance of vehicle battery 102 based upon the digitized current and voltage information provided by analog to digital converters 246 and 224, respectively. Microprocessor 228 calculates the conductance of vehicle battery 102 as follows:

[0022] $\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{Conductance}=G=\frac{I}{V}& \mathrm{Eq}.1\end{array}$
where I is the AC charging current and V is the AC charging voltage across vehicle battery 102. Note that in one preferred embodiment the Kelvin connections allow more accurate voltage determination because these connections do not carry substantial current to cause a resultant drop in the voltage measured.

[0023] The battery conductance is used to monitor charging of vehicle battery 202. It has been discovered that as a battery is charged the conductance of the battery rises which can be used as feedback to the charger. This rise in conductance can be monitored in microprocessor 228 to determine when the battery has been fully charged.

[0024] In accordance with the present invention, the internal battery 120 of booster pack 106 is also charged and tested by circuitry 210 and 212 in a manner similar to that described for charging vehicle battery 102. In addition, system 100 can be used to jump-start a vehicle and perform operations as described in connection with FIG. 1.

[0025] FIG. 2-2 is a simplified block diagram showing circuitry included in jump-start booster pack 104. For simplification, mode selection switch 108 is not shown. However, the components shown in FIG. 2-2 are electrically coupled to booster battery 120 only when an appropriate selection is made on mode selection switch 108. As can be seen in FIG. 2-2, auxiliary AC outlet 130 provides power from internal booster battery 120 through inverter 150, which operates in a known manner to convert DC output from booster battery 120 to AC. Also shown in FIG. 2-2, is auxiliary DC output 132 which is directly coupled to booster battery 120. A diode 152 may be included to prevent backflow of energy from booster battery 102 when it is being charged by battery charger 104, vehicle battery 102 or vehicle alternator system (not shown) by electrically coupling to nodes 154 and 156.

[0026] In the embodiment described above, system 100 includes a transformer 216 in battery charge circuitry 210. As mentioned above, during operation in vehicle battery charging mode, AC source 214 is electrically coupled to vehicle battery 202 through transformer 216 and rectifier 218. Transformer 216 is relatively large and is included in charge circuitry 212 to provide a high current to boost battery 102 when it is in a depleted condition. The relatively large and heavy transformer 216 increases the overall size and weight of the system 100. Thus, although such a system has several advantages over prior art battery chargers or booster packs, the increased size and weight are disadvantages. An embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 3-1, and described further below, includes switching mode circuitry 252 instead of transformer 216. Although switching mode circuitry 252, which is described in detail further below, is incapable of providing a very high boosting current, the circuitry 252 is relatively small and light and therefore results in a smaller and lighter system 300. It should be noted that the boost function of transformer 216 is not essential to the present invention because booster battery 106 is capable of providing the boost charge to battery 102 if necessary.

[0027] FIG. 3-1 is a simplified block diagram of a combined battery charger and booster pack 300 of the present invention which includes a switch-mode charger 250 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. Switch-mode charger 250 includes switching mode circuitry 252, which can receive power from AC source 214 and provide a DC voltage, of a suitable magnitude, to charge battery 102. Charging of battery 102 can be carried out by switch-mode charger 250 in all conditions other than when battery 102 is completely depleted. As mentioned above, when battery 102 is completely depleted, booster pack 106 provides a boost charge to battery 102. Elements of system 300, other than switching mode circuitry 252, are similar to the elements of system 100 (FIGS. 1 and 2) and operate in a manner described above in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2.

[0028] Switching mode circuitry 252, in general, includes a switch, at least one diode, at least one inductor and one or more capacitors. FIG. 3-2 shows a specific embodiment of switching mode circuitry 252. Circuitry 252 includes diodes D₁, D₂, D₃ and D₄, which form a bridge rectifier, inductor L, capacitor C, switch S and diode D₅, which helps capacitor C sustain its output voltage when switch S is closed. Resistor R is optionally included and serves as a pulse with modulation controller.

[0029] The bridge rectifier, formed by diodes D₁, D₂, D₃ and D₄, converts the AC input voltage form AC source 214 into a (pulsating) DC voltage. During a positive half cycle of the AC input voltage, from source 214, D₁ and D₃ are forward biased and will allow current flow to pass through them; D₂ and D₄ are reverse biased and will block current flow. During a negative half cycle of the AC input voltage from source 214, D₂ and D₄ are forward biased and will allow current flow to pass through them; D₁ and D₃ are reverse biased and will block current flow. This configuration therefore maintains current flow through switching mode circuit 252 in the same direction.

[0030] The essential control mechanism of circuit 252 in FIG. 3-2 is turning switch S on and off. Switch S is controlled by microprocessor 228 (shown in FIG. 3-1). In a preferred embodiment, switch S is a power semiconductor switch. When switch S is on, the current through inductor L increases and the energy stored in inductor L builds up. When switch S is off, current through inductor L continues to flow via diode D₅, the RC network and back to the source. Inductor L is discharging its energy and the polarity of inductor voltage is such that its terminal connected to the diode is positive with respect to its other terminal connected to the source. It can be seen that inductor L acts like a pump, receiving energy when switch S is closed and transferring it to the RC network when switch S is open. When switch S is closed, diode D₅ does not conduct and capacitor C sustains the output voltage. The output voltage is applied to battery 202.

[0031] Thus, the present invention relates to a battery charger/tester with an integrated jump-start booster pack to provide additional energy to a vehicle battery. It should be understood that the term “vehicle” not only includes cars and trucks, but can be equally applied to such installations as motors for boats, motorcycles, snowmobiles, farm tractors, etc.

[0032] Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0033] Patents related to batteries and electrical system testing are shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,873,911, issued Mar. 25, 1975, to Champlin, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTING DEVICE; U.S. Pat. No. 3,909,708, issued Sep. 30, 1975, to Champlin, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTING DEVICE; U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,768, issued Mar. 28, 1989, to Champlin, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTING DEVICE; U.S. Pat. No. 4,825,170, issued Apr. 25, 1989, to Champlin, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTING DEVICE WITH AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE SCALING; U.S. Pat. No. 4,881,038, issued Nov. 14, 1989, to Champlin, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTING DEVICE WITH AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE SCALING TO DETERMINE DYNAMIC CONDUCTANCE; U.S. Pat. No. 4,912,416, issued Mar. 27, 1990, to Champlin, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTING DEVICE WITH STATE-OF-CHARGE COMPENSATION; U.S. Pat. No. 5,140,269, issued Aug. 18, 1992, to Champlin, entitled ELECTRONIC TESTER FOR ASSESSING BATTERY/CELL CAPACITY; U.S. Pat. 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No. 09/862,783, filed May 21, 2001, entitled METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TESTING CELLS AND BATTERIES EMBEDDED IN SERIES/PARALLEL SYSTEMS; U.S. Ser. No. 09/908,278, filed Jul. 18, 2001, entitled BATTERY CLAMP WITH EMBEDDED ENVIRONMENT SENSOR; U.S. Ser. No. 09/880,473, filed Jun. 13, 2001; entitled BATTERY TEST MODULE; U.S. Ser. No. 09/940,684, filed Aug. 27, 2001, entitled METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR EVALUATING STORED CHARGE IN AN ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL OR BATTERY; U.S. Ser. No. 60/330,441, filed Oct. 17, 2001, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER WITH RELATIVE TEST OUTPUT; U.S. Ser. No. 60/348,479, filed Oct. 29, 2001, entitled CONCEPT FOR TESTING HIGH POWER VRLA BATTERIES; U.S. Ser. No. 10/046,659, filed Oct. 29, 2001, entitled ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE; U.S. Ser. No. 09/993,468, filed Nov. 14, 2001, entitled KELVIN CONNECTOR FOR A BATTERY POST; U.S. Ser. No. 09/992,350, filed Nov. 26, 2001, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER, U.S. Ser. No. 60/341,902, filed Dec. 19, 2001, entitled BATTERY TESTER MODULE; U.S. Ser. No. 10/042,451, filed Jan. 8, 2002, entitled BATTERY CHARGE CONTROL DEVICE, U.S. Ser. No. 10/073,378, filed Feb. 8, 2002, entitled METHOD AND APPARATUS USING A CIRCUIT MODEL TO EVALUATE CELL/BATTERY PARAMETERS; U.S. Ser. No. 10/093,853, filed Mar. 7, 2002, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER WITH NETWORK COMMUNICATION; U.S. Ser. No. 60/364,656, filed Mar. 14, 2002, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER WITH LOW TEMPERATURE RATING DETERMINATION; U.S. Ser. No. 10/098,741, filed Mar. 14, 2002, entitled METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR AUDITING A BATTERY TEST; U.S. Ser. No. 10/112,114, filed Mar. 28, 2002; U.S. Ser. No. 10/109,734, filed Mar. 28, 2002; U.S. Ser. No. 10/112,105, filed Mar. 28, 2002, entitled CHARGE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A VEHICLE BATTERY; U.S. Ser. No. 10/112,998, filed Mar. 29, 2002, entitled BATTERY TESTER WITH BATTERY REPLACEMENT OUTPUT; U.S. Ser. No. 10/119,297, filed Apr. 9, 2002, entitled METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TESTING CELLS AND BATTERIES EMBEDDED IN SERIES/PARALLEL SYSTEMS; U.S. Ser. No. 60/379,281, filed May 8, 2002, entitled METHOD FOR DETERMINING BATTERY STATE OF CHARGE; U.S. Ser. No. 60/387,046, filed Jun. 7, 2002, entitled METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR INCREASING THE LIFE OF A STORAGE BATTERY; U.S. Ser. No. 10/177,635, filed Jun. 21, 2002, entitled BATTERY CHARGER WITH BOOSTER PACK; U.S. Ser. No. 10/200,041, filed Jul. 19, 2002, entitled AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE; U.S. Ser. No. 10/217,913, filed Aug. 13, 2002, entitled, BATTERY TEST MODULE; U.S. Ser. No. 60/408,542, filed Sep. 5, 2002, entitled BATTERY TEST OUTPUTS ADJUSTED BASED UPON TEMPERATURE; U.S. Ser. No. 10/246,439, filed Sep. 18, 2002, entitled BATTERY TESTER UPGRADE USING SOFTWARE KEY; U.S. Ser. No. 60/415,399, filed Oct. 2, 2002, entitled QUERY BASED ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER; and U.S. Ser. No. 10/263,473, filed Oct. 2, 2002, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER WITH RELATIVE TEST OUTPUT; U.S. Ser. No. 60/415,796, filed Oct. 3, 2002, entitled QUERY BASED ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER; U.S. Ser. No. 10/271,342, filed Oct. 15, 2002, entitled IN-VEHICLE BATTERY MONITOR; U.S. Ser. No. 10/310,515, filed Dec. 5, 2002, entitled BATTERY TEST MODULE; U.S. Ser. No. 10/310,490, filed Dec. 5, 2002, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER; U.S. Ser. No. 10/310,385, filed Dec. 5, 2002, entitled BATTERY TEST MODULE, U.S. Ser. No. 60/437,255, filed Dec. 31, 2002, entitled REMAINING TIME PREDICTIONS, U.S. Ser. No. 60/437,224, filed Dec. 31, 2002, entitled DISCHARGE VOLTAGE PREDICTIONS, U.S. Ser. No. 10/349,053, filed Jan. 22, 2003, entitled APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PROTECTING A BATTERY FROM OVERDISCHARGE, U.S. Ser. No. 10/388,855, filed Mar. 14, 2003, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER WITH BATTERY FAILURE TEMPERATURE DETERMINATION, U.S. Ser. No. 10/396,550, filed Mar. 25, 2003, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER, U.S. Ser. No. 60/467,872, filed May 5, 2003, entitled METHOD FOR DETERMINING BATTERY STATE OF CHARGE, U.S. Ser. No. 60/477,082, filed Jun. 9, 2003, entitled ALTERNATOR TESTER, U.S. Ser. No. 10/460,749, filed Jun. 12, 2003, entitled MODULAR BATTERY TESTER FOR SCAN TOOL, U.S. Ser. No. 10/462,323, filed Jun. 16, 2003, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER HAVING A USER INTERFACE TO CONFIGURE A PRINTER, U.S. Ser. No. 10/601,608, filed Jun. 23, 2003, entitled CABLE FOR ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER, U.S. Ser. No. 10/601,432, filed Jun. 23, 2003, entitled BATTERY TESTER CABLE WITH MEMORY; U.S. Ser. No. 60/490,153, filed Jul. 25, 2003, entitled SHUNT CONNECTION TO A PCB FOR AN ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM EMPLOYED IN AN AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE, U.S. Ser. No. 10/653,342, filed Sep. 2, 2003, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER CONFIGURED TO PREDICT A LOAD TEST RESULT, U.S. Ser. No. 10/654,098, filed Sep. 3, 2003, entitled BATTERY TEST OUTPUTS ADJUSTED BASED UPON BATTERY TEMPERATURE AND THE STATE OF DISCHARGE OF THE BATTERY, U.S. Ser. No. 10/656,526, filed Sep. 5, 2003, entitled METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING A PARAMETER OF A VEHICLE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM, U.S. Ser. No. 10/656,538, filed Sep. 5, 2003, entitled ALTERNATOR TESTER WITH ENCODED OUTPUT, U.S. Ser. No. 10/675,933, filed Sep. 30, 2003, entitled QUERY BASED ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER, U.S. Ser. No. 10/678,629, filed Oct. 3, 2003, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER/CHARGER WITH INTEGRATED BATTERY CELL TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT DEVICE, U.S. Ser. No. 10/681,666, filed Oct. 8, 2003, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER WITH PROBE LIGHT, which are incorporated herein in their entirety.