US 9,823,314 B2Grant
Magnetometer with a light emitting diode
Issue Date:2017-11-21
•5 Claims
•5 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A device includes a diamond with one or more nitrogen vacancies, a light emitting diode configured to emit light that travels through the diamond, and a photo sensor configured to sense the light. The device also includes a processor operatively coupled to the photo sensor. The processor is configured to determine, based on the light sensed by the photo sensor, a magnetic field applied to the diamond.
Metadata
Assignee
- Lockheed Martin Corporation
Inventors
- Joseph W. Hahn
- Gregory S. Bruce
- Wilbur Lew
Application Information
Application Number:US 15/218,821
Filing Date:2016-07-25
Priority Date:2016-01-21
Art Unit:2858
Classifications
IPC:
G01R33/02G01R33/00G01R33/032
Field of Search:
G01R 33/032
Patent Drawings (5 sheets)
Description
Cross-Reference to Related Applications
[0001] The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/003,292, filed Jan. 21, 2016, titled “MAGNETOMETER WITH A LIGHT EMITTING DIODE,” and claims the benefit of priority to PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2016/014395, which is related to co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 15/003,281, filed Jan. 21, 2016, titled “MAGNETOMETER WITH LIGHT PIPE,”; U.S. application Ser. No. 15/003,298, filed Jan. 21, 2016, titled “DIAMOND NITROGEN VACANCY SENSOR WITH COMMON RF AND MAGNETIC FIELDS GENERATOR,”; U.S. application Ser. No. 15/003,309, filed Jan. 21, 2016, titled “DIAMOND NITROGEN VACANCY SENSOR WITH DUAL RF SOURCES,”; and U.S. application Ser. No. 15/003,062, filed Jan. 21, 2016, titled “IMPROVED LIGHT COLLECTION FROM DNV SENSORS,” each of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
Technical Field
[0002] The present disclosure relates, in general, to nitrogen vacancy centers in diamonds. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to using LEDs to excite nitrogen vacancy centers in diamonds.
Background
[0003] The following description is provided to assist the understanding of the reader. None of the information provided or references cited is admitted to be prior art. Some diamonds have defects in the crystal structure that contain nitrogen. A light source can be used to excite the defect. However, many such light sources are large, bulky, expensive, and/or consume relatively large amounts of power.
Summary
[0004] An illustrative device includes a diamond with one or more nitrogen vacancies and a light emitting diode configured to emit light toward the diamond. The device may also include a first photo sensor configured to sense a first portion of the light emitted by the light emitting diode. The first portion of the light may not travel through the diamond. The device may further include a second photo sensor configured to sense a second portion of the light emitted by the light emitting diode. The second portion of the light may travel through the diamond. The device may also include a processor operatively coupled to the first photo sensor and a second photo sensor. The processor may be configured to compare a first signal received from the first photo sensor with a second signal received from the second photo sensor and determine, based on the comparison of the first signal and the second signal, a strength of a magnetic field applied to the diamond.
[0005] An illustrative method includes providing power to a light emitting diode. The light emitting diode may be configured to emit light toward a diamond. The diamond may comprise a nitrogen vacancy. The method may also include receiving, at a processor, a first signal from a first sensor. The first signal may indicate a strength of a frequency of a first portion of the light emitted by the light emitting diode. The first portion of the light may not travel through the diamond. The method may also include receiving, at the processor, a second signal from a second sensor. The second signal may indicate a strength of a frequency of a second portion of the light. The second portion of the light may travel through the diamond. The method may further include comparing, based on the first signal and the second signal, the strength of the frequency of the first portion of the light and the strength of the frequency of the second portion of the light to determine a strength of a magnetic field applied to the diamond.
[0006] An illustrative method includes emitting, from a light emitting diode, a first light portion and a second light portion, sensing, at a first sensor, the first light portion, and sensing, at a second sensor, the second light portion, wherein the second light portion traveled through a diamond with a nitrogen vacancy. The method may also include comparing the first light portion to the second light portion to determine a strength of a magnetic field applied to the diamond.
[0007] An illustrative method includes emitting light from a light emitting diode. The light travels through a diamond with a nitrogen vacancy. The method may further include determining, based on a signal from a photo sensor that sensed the light, a magnetic field applied to the diamond.
[0008] An illustrative method includes emitting light from a light source. The light may not be polarized. The light may travel through a diamond with nitrogen vacancies. The method may further include determining, based on a signal from a photo sensor that sensed the light, a magnetic field applied to the diamond.
[0009] An illustrative device includes a diamond with one or more nitrogen vacancies, a light emitting diode configured to emit light that travels through the diamond, and a photo sensor configured to sense the light. The device may also include a processor operatively coupled to the photo sensor. The processor may be configured to determine, based on the light sensed by the photo sensor, a magnetic field applied to the diamond.
[0010] An illustrative device includes a diamond with one or more nitrogen vacancies, a light source configured to emit light that travels through the diamond. The light may not be polarized. The device may further include a photo sensor configured to sense the light and a processor operatively coupled to the photo sensor. The processor may be configured to determine, based on the light sensed by the photo sensor, a magnetic field applied to the diamond.
[0011] The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features will become apparent by reference to the following drawings and the detailed description.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0012] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a magnetometer in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.
[0013] FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a magnetometer in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.
[0014] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a computing device in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.
[0015] FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a method for detecting a magnetic field in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.
[0016] The foregoing and other features of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only several embodiments in accordance with the disclosure and are, therefore, not to be considered limiting of its scope, the disclosure will be described with additional specificity and detail through use of the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
[0017] In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. In the drawings, similar symbols typically identify similar components, unless context dictates otherwise. The illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description, drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting. Other embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made, without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented here. It will be readily understood that the aspects of the present disclosure, as generally described herein, and illustrated in the figures, can be arranged, substituted, combined, and designed in a wide variety of different configurations, all of which are explicitly contemplated and make part of this disclosure.
[0018] Nitrogen-vacancy centers (NV centers) are defects in a diamond's crystal structure, which can purposefully be manufactured in synthetic diamonds. In general, when excited by green light and/or microwave radiation, the NV centers cause the diamond to generate red light. When an excited NV center diamond is exposed to an external magnetic field the frequency of the microwave radiation at which the diamond generates red light and the intensity of the light change. By measuring this change and comparing it to the microwave frequency that the diamond generates red light at when not in the presence of the external magnetic field, the NV centers can be used to accurately detect the magnetic field strength.
[0019] In many instances, a light source is used to provide light to the diamond. The more light that is transmitted through the diamond, the more light can be detected and analyzed to determine the amount of red light emitted from the diamond. The amount of red light can be used to determine the strength of the magnetic field applied to the diamond. Accordingly, in some instances, lasers are used to provide light to the diamond. Lasers can provide concentrated light to the diamond and can focus the beam of light relatively easily.
[0020] However, lasers may not be the most effective light source for all applications. For example, some lasers produce polarized light. Because the axes of the NV centers may not all be oriented in the same direction, the polarized light from a laser may excite NV centers with axes oriented in one direction more effectively than NV centers with axes oriented in other directions. In instances in which sensitivity in all directions (or more than one direction) is desired, non-polarized light may be used. The non-polarized light may affect the NV centers of different orientations (more) uniformly. In such instances, a light source such as a light-emitting diode (LED) may be used as the light source. In some instances, lasers that produce non-polarized light may be used. For example, helium-neon (HeNe) lasers can be used.
[0021] In some instances, lasers are relatively bulky and large compared to LEDs. In such instances, using LEDs as the light source for a magnetometer using a diamond with NV centers may provide a more compact and versatile sensor. In some instances, lasers user more power to produce light than do LEDs. In such instances, LEDs may allow a power source, such as a battery, to last longer, be smaller, and/or provide less power.
[0022] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a magnetometer in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. An illustrative magnetometer 100 includes an LED 105, source light 110, a diamond 115, red light 120, a filter 125, filtered light 130, a photo detector 135, and a radio frequency transmitter 145. In alternative embodiments, additional, fewer, and/or different elements may be used.
[0023] The LED 105 can be used to produce the source light 110. In alternative embodiments, any suitable light source can be used to produce the source light 110. For example, a light source that produces non-polarized light can be used. In embodiments in which an LED is used, any suitable LED may be used. For example, the LED 105 can emit primarily green light, primarily blue light, or any other suitable light with a wavelength shorter than red light.
[0024] In some embodiments, the LED 105 emits any suitable light, such as white light. The light can pass through one or more filters before entering the diamond 115. The filters can filter out light that is not the desired wavelength.
[0025] The source light 110 is emitted by the LED 105. The source light 110 can be any suitable light. In an illustrative embodiment, the source light 110 has a wavelength of between 500 nanometers (nm) and 600 nm. For example, the source light 110 can have a wavelength of 532 nm (e.g., green light), 550 nm, or 518 nm. In some embodiments, the source light 110 can be blue (e.g., with a wavelength as low as 450 nm). In yet other embodiments, the source light 110 can have a wavelength lower than 450 nm. In some embodiments, the source light 110 can be any color of visible light other than red.
[0026] An illustrative diamond 115 includes one or more nitrogen vacancy centers (NV centers). As explained above, each of the NV centers' axes can be oriented in one of multiple directions. In an illustrative embodiment, each of the NV centers are oriented in one of four directions. In some embodiments, the distribution of NV centers with any particular axis direction is even throughout the diamond 115. The diamond 115 can be any suitable size. In some embodiments, the diamond 115 is sized such that the source light 110 provides a relatively high light density. That is, the diamond 115 can be sized such that all or almost all of the NV centers are excited by the source light 110. In some instances, the LED 105 emits less light than a laser. In such instances, a thinner diamond can be used with the LED 105 to ensure that all or nearly all of the NV centers are excited. The diamond can be “thinner” in the direction that the source light 110 travels. Thus, the source light 110 travels a shorter distance through the diamond 115.
[0027] A magnet 140 can be used to provide a magnetic field. When the magnetic field is applied to the diamond 115 and light is traveling through the diamond 115, the NV centers can cause the amount of red light emitted from the diamond 115 to be changed. For example, when the source light 110 is pure green light and there is no magnetic field applied to the diamond 115, then the red light 120, which is emitted from the diamond 115, is used as a baseline level of red light 120. When there is a magnetic field applied to the diamond 115, such as via the magnet 140, the amount of red light 120 varies in intensity. Thus, by monitoring the amount of red light from a baseline (e.g., no magnetic field applied to the diamond 115) in the red light 120, a magnetic field applied to the diamond 115 can be measured. In some instances, the red light 120 emitted from the diamond 115 can be any suitable wavelength.
[0028] The radio frequency transmitter 145 can be used to transmit radio waves to the diamond 115. The amount of red light emitted from the diamond 115 changes based on the frequency of the radio waves absorbed by the diamond 115. Thus, by modulating the frequency of the radio waves emitted from the radio frequency transmitter 145 the amount of red light sensed by the photo detector 135 may change. By monitoring the amount of red light sensed by the photo detector 135 relative to the frequency of the radio waves emitted by the radio frequency transmitter 145, the strength of the magnetic field applied to the diamond 115 by the magnet 140 can be determined.
[0029] In an illustrative embodiment, a photo detector 135 is used to receive the light emitted from the diamond 115. The photo detector 135 can be any suitable sensor configured to analyze light emitted from the diamond 115. For example, the photo detector 135 can be used to determine the amount of red light in the red light 120.
[0030] As illustrated in FIG. 1 , some embodiments include a filter 125. The filter 125 can be configured to filter the red light 120. For example, the filter 125 can be a red filter that permits red light to pass through the filter 125 but blocks some or all of non-red light from passing through the filter 125. In alternative embodiments, any suitable filter 125 can be used. In some embodiments, the filter 125 is not used. In embodiments that include the filter 125, the red light 120 emitted from the diamond 115 passes through the filter 125, and the filtered light 130 (which is emitted from the filter 125) travels to the photo detector 135. In embodiments in which a filter 125 is used, greater sensitivity may be achieved because the photo detector 135 detects only the light of interest (e.g., red light) and other light (e.g., green light, blue light, etc.) does not affect the sensitivity of the photo detector 135.
[0031] FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a magnetometer in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. An illustrative magnetometer 200 includes an LED 205, a housing 210, a source light photo sensor 215, a mirror tube assembly 220, electromagnetic glass 225, a concentrator 230, retaining rings 235, a diamond assembly 240, a concentrator 245, a modulated light photo sensor 250, a sensor plate 255, and a lens tube coupler 260. In alternative embodiments, additional, fewer, and/or different elements may be used. Additionally, the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2 is meant to be illustrative only and not meant to be limiting with respect to the orientation, size, or location of elements.
[0032] An illustrative LED 205 includes a heat sink that is configured to dissipate into the environment heat created by the LED 205. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2 , at least a portion of the LED 205 (e.g., a cylindrical portion) fits within the housing 210. Adjacent to the LED 205 within the housing 210 is the mirror tube assembly 220. The mirror tube assembly 220 is configured to focus the light from the LED 205 into a concentrated beam.
[0033] The source light photo sensor 215 is configured to receive a portion of the light emitted from the LED 205. In some embodiments, the source light photo sensor 215 can include a green filter. In such embodiments, the source light photo sensor 215 receives mostly or all green light. In embodiments in which the source light photo sensor 215 is used, the amount of green light sensed by the source light photo sensor 215 can be compared to the amount of red light sensed by the modulated photo sensor 250 to determine the magnitude of the magnetic field applied to the diamond assembly 240. As discussed above, in some embodiments, the source light photo sensor 215 may not be used. In such embodiments, the amount of red light sensed by the modulated photo sensor 250 can be compared to a baseline amount of red light to determine the magnitude of the magnetic field applied to the diamond assembly 240.
[0034] In some embodiments, such as those that use the source light photo sensor 215, electromagnetic glass 225 can be located between the source light photo sensor 215 and the diamond assembly 240. In some embodiments, the diamond assembly 240 can emit electromagnetic interference (EMI) signals. In some instances, the source light photo sensor 215 can be sensitive to EMI signals. That is, in such instances, the source light photo sensor 215 performs better when there is less EMI affecting the source light photo sensor 215. The electromagnetic glass 225 can allow light to pass through the electromagnetic glass 225, but inhibit transmission of electromagnetic signals. Any suitable electromagnetic glass 225 can be used. In alternative embodiments, any suitable EMI attenuator can be used.
[0035] The concentrator 230 can be configured to concentrate light from the mirror tube assembly 220 (and/or the electromagnetic glass 225) into a more narrow beam of light. The concentrator 230 can be any suitable shape, such as parabolic. The diamond assembly 240 can include a diamond with one or more NV centers. The concentrator 230 can concentrate light from the LED 205 into a beam of light with a cross-sectional area that is similar to the cross-sectional area of the diamond. That is, the light from the LED 205 can be concentrated to most effectively flood the diamond with the light such that as much of the light as possible from the LED 205 passes through the diamond and/or such that as many NV centers as possible are excited by the light. The concentrator 230 may include a ring mount that is configured to hold the concentrator 230 at a secure location within the housing 210.
[0036] The diamond assembly 240 can include any suitable components. For example, as mentioned above, the diamond assembly 240 can include a diamond. The diamond can be located at the center of the diamond assembly 240. The diamond assembly 240 may also include one or more circuit boards that are configured to modulate electromagnetic signals applied to the diamond. In an illustrative embodiment, the diamond assembly 240 includes a Helmholtz coil. For example, a three-dimensional Helmholtz coil can be used counteract or cancel unwanted magnetic fields from affecting the diamond. In an illustrative embodiment, the circuit boards or other electronics can emit EMI signals. In some embodiments, the diamond assembly 240 includes a red filter that allows red light emitted from the diamond to pass through to the modulated photo sensor 250. In alternative embodiments, the red filter can be located at any suitable location between the diamond and the modulated photo sensor 250. In yet other embodiments, the red filter may not be used.
[0037] In some embodiments, the retaining rings 235 can be used to hold one or more of the elements of the magnetometer 200 within the housing 210. Although FIG. 2 illustrates two retaining rings 235, any suitable number of retaining rings 235 may be used. In some embodiments, the retaining rings 235 may not be used.
[0038] Similar to the concentrator 230, the concentrator 245 is configured to concentrate light emitted from the diamond assembly 240 into a more narrow beam. For example, the concentrator 230 can be configured to concentrate light into a beam that has the same or a similar cross-sectional area as the modulated photo sensor 250. The concentrator 245 can be configured to focus as much light as possible from the diamond assembly 240 to the modulated photo sensor 250. By increasing the amount of light emitted from the diamond assembly 240 that is sensed by the modulated photo sensor 250, the sensitivity of the magnetometer 200 can be increased.
[0039] As mentioned above, electromagnetic glass 225 can be located between the diamond assembly 240 and the modulated photo sensor 250 to shield the modulated photo sensor 250 from EMI signals emitted from the diamond assembly 240. The sensor plate 255 can be used to hold the modulated photo sensor 250 in place such that the modulated photo sensor 250 receives the concentrated light beam from the concentrator 245 (and/or the diamond assembly 240). A lens tube coupler 260 may be used as an end cap to the housing 210, thereby holding the various elements in place inside the housing 210.
[0040] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a computing device in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. An illustrative computing device 300 includes a memory 310, a processor 305, a transceiver 315, a user interface 320, a power source 325, and an magnetometer 330. In alternative embodiments, additional, fewer, and/or different elements may be used. The computing device 300 can be any suitable device described herein. For example, the computing device 300 can be a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a smartphone, a specialized computing device, etc. The computing device 300 can be used to implement one or more of the methods described herein.
[0041] In an illustrative embodiment, the memory 310 is an electronic holding place or storage for information so that the information can be accessed by the processor 305. The memory 310 can include, but is not limited to, any type of random access memory (RAM), any type of read only memory (ROM), any type of flash memory, etc. such as magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips, etc.), optical disks (e.g., compact disk (CD), digital versatile disk (DVD), etc.), smart cards, flash memory devices, etc. The computing device 300 may have one or more computer-readable media that use the same or a different memory media technology. The computing device 300 may have one or more drives that support the loading of a memory medium such as a CD, a DVD, a flash memory card, etc.
[0042] In an illustrative embodiment, the processor 305 executes instructions. The instructions may be carried out by a special purpose computer, logic circuits, or hardware circuits. The processor 305 may be implemented in hardware, firmware, software, or any combination thereof. The term “execution” is, for example, the process of running an application or the carrying out of the operation called for by an instruction. The instructions may be written using one or more programming language, scripting language, assembly language, etc. The processor 305 executes an instruction, meaning that it performs the operations called for by that instruction. The processor 305 operably couples with the user interface 320, the transceiver 315, the memory 310, etc. to receive, to send, and to process information and to control the operations of the computing device 300. The processor 305 may retrieve a set of instructions from a permanent memory device such as a ROM device and copy the instructions in an executable form to a temporary memory device that is generally some form of RAM. An illustrative computing device 300 may include a plurality of processors that use the same or a different processing technology. In an illustrative embodiment, the instructions may be stored in memory 310.
[0043] In an illustrative embodiment, the transceiver 315 is configured to receive and/or transmit information. In some embodiments, the transceiver 315 communicates information via a wired connection, such as an Ethernet connection, one or more twisted pair wires, coaxial cables, fiber optic cables, etc. In some embodiments, the transceiver 315 communicates information via a wireless connection using microwaves, infrared waves, radio waves, spread spectrum technologies, satellites, etc. The transceiver 315 can be configured to communicate with another device using cellular networks, local area networks, wide area networks, the Internet, etc. In some embodiments, one or more of the elements of the computing device 300 communicate via wired or wireless communications. In some embodiments, the transceiver 315 provides an interface for presenting information from the computing device 300 to external systems, users, or memory. For example, the transceiver 315 may include an interface to a display, a printer, a speaker, etc. In an illustrative embodiment, the transceiver 315 may also include alarm/indicator lights, a network interface, a disk drive, a computer memory device, etc. In an illustrative embodiment, the transceiver 315 can receive information from external systems, users, memory, etc.
[0044] In an illustrative embodiment, the user interface 320 is configured to receive and/or provide information from/to a user. The user interface 320 can be any suitable user interface. The user interface 320 can be an interface for receiving user input and/or machine instructions for entry into the computing device 300. The user interface 320 may use various input technologies including, but not limited to, a keyboard, a stylus and/or touch screen, a mouse, a track ball, a keypad, a microphone, voice recognition, motion recognition, disk drives, remote controllers, input ports, one or more buttons, dials, joysticks, etc. to allow an external source, such as a user, to enter information into the computing device 300. The user interface 320 can be used to navigate menus, adjust options, adjust settings, adjust display, etc.
[0045] The user interface 320 can be configured to provide an interface for presenting information from the computing device 300 to external systems, users, memory, etc. For example, the user interface 320 can include an interface for a display, a printer, a speaker, alarm/indicator lights, a network interface, a disk drive, a computer memory device, etc. The user interface 320 can include a color display, a cathode-ray tube (CRT), a liquid crystal display (LCD), a plasma display, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, etc.
[0046] In an illustrative embodiment, the power source 325 is configured to provide electrical power to one or more elements of the computing device 300. In some embodiments, the power source 325 includes an alternating power source, such as available line voltage (e.g., 120 Volts alternating current at 60 Hertz in the United States). The power source 325 can include one or more transformers, rectifiers, etc. to convert electrical power into power useable by the one or more elements of the computing device 300, such as 1.5 Volts, 8 Volts, 12 Volts, 24 Volts, etc. The power source 325 can include one or more batteries.
[0047] In an illustrative embodiment, the computing device 300 includes a magnetometer 330. In some embodiments, magnetometer 330 is an independent device and is not integrated into the computing device 300. The magnetometer 330 can be configured to measure magnetic fields. For example, the magnetometer 330 can be the magnetometer 100, the magnetometer 200, or any suitable magnetometer. The magnetometer 330 can communicate with one or more of the other components of the computing device 300 such as the processor 305, the memory 310, etc. For example, one or more photo detectors of the magnetometer 330 can transmit a signal to the processor 305 indicating an amount of light detected by the respective photo detector. The signal can be used to determine the strength and/or direction of the magnetic field applied to the diamond of the magnetometer 330. In alternative embodiments, any suitable component of the magnetometer 330 can transmit a signal to other components of the 300 (e.g., the processor 305), such as a Helmholtz coil, a source light photo detector, one or more modulated light photo detectors, a light source, etc.
[0048] FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a method for detecting a magnetic field in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In alternative embodiments, additional, fewer, and/or different operations may be performed. Also, the use of a flow diagram and arrows is not meant to be limiting with respect to the order or flow of operations.
[0049] For example, in some embodiments, one or more of the operations may be performed simultaneously.
[0050] In an operation 405, power is provided to a light emitting diode (LED). Any suitable amount of power can be provided. For example, a 5 milli-Watt (mW) LED can be used. The LED can be powered by two or more AA batteries. In alternative embodiments, the LED can use more or less power. In some embodiments, the amount of power provided to the LED is modulated based on a particular application. In some embodiments, the operation 205 includes providing pulsed power to the LED to cause the LED to alternately lighten and darken. In such embodiments, any suitable frequency and/or pattern can be used. In alternative embodiments, the operation 405 can include causing any suitable device to emit non-polarized light.
[0051] In an operation 410, light emitted from the LED is sensed. Sensing the light from the LED can include using a photo detector. The operation 410 can include determining an amount of green light emitted from the LED. In some embodiments, the operation 410 is not performed.
[0052] In an operation 415, light from the LED is focused into a diamond. The diamond can include one or more NV centers. The light can be focused as to excite as many of the NV centers as possible with the light from the LED. Any suitable focusing method can be used. For example, lenses or light pipes can be used to focus light from the LED to the diamond.
[0053] In an operation 420, light from the diamond is focused to a photo detector. Light from the LED passes through the diamond, is modulated by the diamond, and is emitted from the diamond. The light emitted from the diamond is focused to a detector such that as much light emitted from the diamond as possible is detected by the photo detector. In an operation 425, the light from the diamond is sensed by the photo detector. In an illustrative embodiment, the operation 425 includes determining the amount of red light emitted from the diamond.
[0054] In an operation 430, a magnetic field applied to the diamond is determined. In embodiments in which operation 410 is performed, the amount of red light emitted by the diamond is compared to the amount of green light emitted from the LED to determine the magnetic field. In embodiments, in which operation 410 is not performed, the amount of red light emitted from the diamond is compared to a baseline quantity of red light. In alternative embodiments, any suitable method of determining the magnetic field applied to the diamond can be used.
[0055] In an illustrative embodiment, noise in the light emitted from the LED can be compensated for. In such an embodiment, noise in the light emitted from the LED can be detected by a photo detector, such as the photo detector used for the operation 410. Noise in the light emitted from the LED passes through the diamond and is sensed by the photo detector that senses light emitted from the diamond, such as the photo detector used for the operation 425. In an illustrative embodiment, amount of light detected in the operation 410 is subtracted from the light detected in the operation 430. The result of the subtraction is the changes in the light caused by the diamond.
[0056] In an illustrative embodiment, any of the operations described herein can be implemented at least in part as computer-readable instructions stored on a computer-readable memory. Upon execution of the computer-readable instructions by a processor, the computer-readable instructions can cause a node to perform the operations.
[0057] The herein described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely exemplary, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively “associated” such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as “associated with” each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being “operably connected,” or “operably coupled,” to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being “operably couplable,” to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and/or physically interacting components and/or wirelessly interactable and/or wirelessly interacting components and/or logically interacting and/or logically interactable components.
[0058] With respect to the use of substantially any plural and/or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and/or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and/or application. The various singular/plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.
[0059] It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,” etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to inventions containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or “an” (e.g., “a” and/or “an” should typically be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without other modifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B.” Further, unless otherwise noted, the use of the words “approximate,” “about,” “around,” “substantially,” etc., mean plus or minus ten percent.
[0060] The foregoing description of illustrative embodiments has been presented for purposes of illustration and of description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or limiting with respect to the precise form disclosed, and modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of the disclosed embodiments. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims appended hereto and their equivalents.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method comprising:
providing power to a light emitting diode, wherein the light emitting diode is configured to emit light toward a diamond, wherein the diamond comprises a nitrogen vacancy;
receiving, at a processor, a first signal from a first sensor, wherein the first signal indicates a strength of a frequency of a first portion of the light emitted by the light emitting diode, wherein the first portion of the light does not travel through the diamond;
receiving, at the processor, a second signal from a second sensor, wherein the second signal indicates a strength of a frequency of a second portion of the light, wherein the second portion of the light travels through the diamond; and
comparing, based on the first signal and the second signal, the strength of the frequency of the first portion of the light and the strength of the frequency of the second portion of the light to determine a strength of a magnetic field applied to the diamond.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the light travels through a first filter, and wherein light traveling through the first filter and to the first photo sensor is substantially green.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second portion of the light travels through a second filter, and wherein light traveling through the second filter and to the second photo sensor is substantially red.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the light emitted from the light emitting diode is substantially green.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting noise in the light emitted from the light emitting diode, and
compensating for noise in the second portion of the light based on the detected noise in the light emitted from the light emitting diode.
Patent Citations (448)
| Patent | Date | Inventor | Cited By |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2746027(A) | 1956-05-01 | Murray | Applicant |
| US3359812(A) | 1967-12-01 | Everitt | Applicant |
| US3389333(A) | 1968-06-01 | Wolff et al. | Applicant |
| US3490032(A) | 1970-01-01 | Zurflueh | Applicant |
| US3514723(A) | 1970-05-01 | Cutler | Applicant |
| US3518531(A) | 1970-06-01 | Huggett | Applicant |
| US3745452(A) | 1973-07-01 | Osburn et al. | Applicant |
| US3899758(A) | 1975-08-01 | Maier et al. | Applicant |
| US4025873(A) | 1977-05-01 | Chilluffo | Applicant |
| US4078247(A) | 1978-03-01 | Albrecht | Applicant |
| US4084215(A) | 1978-04-01 | Willenbrock | Applicant |
| US4322769(A) | 1982-03-01 | Cooper | Applicant |
| US4329173(A) | 1982-05-01 | Culling | Applicant |
| US4359673(A) | 1982-11-01 | Bross et al. | Applicant |
| US4368430(A) | 1983-01-01 | Dale et al. | Applicant |
| US4410926(A) | 1983-10-01 | Hafner et al. | Applicant |
| US4437533(A) | 1984-03-01 | Bierkarre et al. | Applicant |
| US4514083(A) | 1985-04-01 | Fukuoka | Applicant |
| US4588993(A) | 1986-05-01 | Babij et al. | Applicant |
| US4636612(A) | 1987-01-01 | Cullen | Applicant |
| US4638324(A) | 1987-01-01 | Hannan | Applicant |
| US4675522(A) | 1987-06-01 | Arunkumar | Applicant |
| US4768962(A) | 1988-09-01 | Kupfer et al. | Applicant |
| US4818990(A) | 1989-04-01 | Fernandes | Applicant |
| US4820986(A) | 1989-04-01 | Mansfield et al. | Applicant |
| US4945305(A) | 1990-07-01 | Blood | Applicant |
| US4958328(A) | 1990-09-01 | Stubblefield | Applicant |
| US5019721(A) | 1991-05-01 | Martens et al. | Applicant |
| US5038103(A) | 1991-08-01 | Scarzello et al. | Applicant |
| US5113136(A) | 1992-05-01 | Hayashi et al. | Applicant |
| US5134369(A) | 1992-07-01 | Lo et al. | Applicant |
| US5189368(A) | 1993-02-01 | Chase | Applicant |
| US5200855(A) | 1993-04-01 | Meredith et al. | Applicant |
| US5245347(A) | 1993-09-01 | Bonta et al. | Applicant |
| US5252912(A) | 1993-10-01 | Merritt et al. | Applicant |
| US5301096(A) | 1994-04-01 | Klontz et al. | Applicant |
| US5384109(A) | 1995-01-01 | Klaveness et al. | Applicant |
| US5396802(A) | 1995-03-01 | Moss | Applicant |
| US5420549(A) | 1995-05-01 | Prestage | Applicant |
| US5425179(A) | 1995-06-01 | Nickel et al. | Applicant |
| US5427915(A) | 1995-06-01 | Ribi et al. | Applicant |
| US5548279(A) | 1996-08-01 | Gaines | Applicant |
| US5568516(A) | 1996-10-01 | Strohallen et al. | Applicant |
| US5586069(A) | 1996-12-01 | Dockser | Applicant |
| US5597762(A) | 1997-01-01 | Popovici et al. | Applicant |
| US5638472(A) | 1997-06-01 | Van Delden | Applicant |
| US5694375(A) | 1997-12-01 | Woodall | Applicant |
| US5719497(A) | 1998-02-01 | Veeser et al. | Applicant |
| US5731996(A) | 1998-03-01 | Gilbert | Applicant |
| US5764061(A) | 1998-06-01 | Asakawa et al. | Applicant |
| US5818352(A) | 1998-10-01 | McClure | Applicant |
| US5846708(A) | 1998-12-01 | Hollis et al. | Applicant |
| US5888925(A) | 1999-03-01 | Smith et al. | Applicant |
| US5907420(A) | 1999-05-01 | Chraplyvy et al. | Applicant |
| US5907907(A) | 1999-06-01 | Ohtomo et al. | Applicant |
| US6042249(A) | 2000-03-01 | Spangenberg | Applicant |
| US6057684(A) | 2000-05-01 | Murakami et al. | Applicant |
| US6124862(A) | 2000-09-01 | Boyken et al. | Applicant |
| US6130753(A) | 2000-10-01 | Hopkins et al. | Applicant |
| US6144204(A) | 2000-11-01 | Sementchenko | Applicant |
| US6195231(B1) | 2001-02-01 | Sedlmayr et al. | Applicant |
| US6360173(B1) | 2002-03-01 | Fullerton | Applicant |
| US6398155(B1) | 2002-06-01 | Hepner et al. | Applicant |
| US6433944(B1) | 2002-08-01 | Nagao et al. | Applicant |
| US6472651(B1) | 2002-10-01 | Ukai | Applicant |
| US6472869(B1) | 2002-10-01 | Upschulte et al. | Applicant |
| US6504365(B2) | 2003-01-01 | Kitamura | Applicant |
| US6542242(B1) | 2003-04-01 | Yost et al. | Applicant |
| US6621578(B1) | 2003-09-01 | Mizoguchi | Applicant |
| US6636146(B1) | 2003-10-01 | Wehoski | Applicant |
| US6686696(B2) | 2004-02-01 | Takacs et al. | Applicant |
| US6690162(B1) | 2004-02-01 | Schopohl et al. | Applicant |
| US6765487(B1) | 2004-07-01 | Holmes et al. | Applicant |
| US6788722(B1) | 2004-09-01 | Kennedy et al. | Applicant |
| US6809829(B1) | 2004-10-01 | Takata et al. | Applicant |
| US7118657(B2) | 2006-10-01 | Golovchenko et al. | Applicant |
| US7221164(B1) | 2007-05-01 | Barringer | Applicant |
| US7277161(B2) | 2007-10-01 | Claus | Applicant |
| US7305869(B1) | 2007-12-01 | Berman et al. | Applicant |
| US7307416(B2) | 2007-12-01 | Islam et al. | Applicant |
| USRE40343(E) | 2008-05-01 | Anderson | Applicant |
| US7413011(B1) | 2008-08-01 | Chee et al. | Applicant |
| US7427525(B2) | 2008-09-01 | Santori et al. | Applicant |
| US7448548(B1) | 2008-11-01 | Compton | Applicant |
| US7471805(B2) | 2008-12-01 | Goldberg | Applicant |
| US7474090(B2) | 2009-01-01 | Islam et al. | Applicant |
| US7543780(B1) | 2009-06-01 | Marshall et al. | Applicant |
| US7546000(B2) | 2009-06-01 | Spillane et al. | Applicant |
| US7570050(B2) | 2009-08-01 | Sugiura | Applicant |
| US7608820(B1) | 2009-10-01 | Berman et al. | Applicant |
| US7705599(B2) | 2010-04-01 | Strack et al. | Applicant |
| US7805030(B2) | 2010-09-01 | Bratkovski et al. | Applicant |
| US7916489(B2) | 2011-03-01 | Okuya | Applicant |
| US7983812(B2) | 2011-07-01 | Potter | Applicant |
| US8022693(B2) | 2011-09-01 | Meyersweissflog | Applicant |
| US8120351(B2) | 2012-02-01 | Rettig et al. | Applicant |
| US8120355(B1) | 2012-02-01 | Stetson | Applicant |
| US8138756(B2) | 2012-03-01 | Barclay et al. | Applicant |
| US8193808(B2) | 2012-06-01 | Fu et al. | Applicant |
| US8294306(B2) | 2012-10-01 | Kumar et al. | Applicant |
| US8311767(B1) | 2012-11-01 | Stetson | Applicant |
| US8334690(B2) | 2012-12-01 | Kitching et al. | Applicant |
| US8415640(B2) | 2013-04-01 | Babinec et al. | Applicant |
| US8471137(B2) | 2013-06-01 | Adair et al. | Applicant |
| US8480653(B2) | 2013-07-01 | Birchard et al. | Applicant |
| US8525516(B2) | 2013-09-01 | Le Prado et al. | Applicant |
| US8547090(B2) | 2013-10-01 | Lukin et al. | Applicant |
| US8574536(B2) | 2013-11-01 | Boudou et al. | Applicant |
| US8575929(B1) | 2013-11-01 | Wiegert | Applicant |
| US8686377(B2) | 2014-04-01 | Twitchen et al. | Applicant |
| US8758509(B2) | 2014-06-01 | Twitchen et al. | Applicant |
| US8803513(B2) | 2014-08-01 | Hosek et al. | Applicant |
| US8885301(B1) | 2014-11-01 | Heidmann | Applicant |
| US8913900(B2) | 2014-12-01 | Lukin et al. | Applicant |
| US8933594(B2) | 2015-01-01 | Kurs | Applicant |
| US8947080(B2) | 2015-02-01 | Lukin et al. | Applicant |
| US8963488(B2) | 2015-02-01 | Campanella et al. | Applicant |
| US9103873(B1) | 2015-08-01 | Martens et al. | Applicant |
| US9157859(B2) | 2015-10-01 | Walsworth et al. | Applicant |
| US9245551(B2) | 2016-01-01 | El Hallak et al. | Applicant |
| US9249526(B2) | 2016-02-01 | Twitchen et al. | Applicant |
| US9291508(B1) | 2016-03-01 | Biedermann et al. | Applicant |
| US9369182(B2) | 2016-06-01 | Kurs et al. | Applicant |
| US9541610(B2) | 2017-01-01 | Kaup et al. | Applicant |
| US9551763(B1) | 2017-01-01 | Hahn et al. | Applicant |
| US9557391(B2) | 2017-01-01 | Egan et al. | Applicant |
| US9570793(B2) | 2017-02-01 | Borodulin | Applicant |
| US9590601(B2) | 2017-03-01 | Krause et al. | Applicant |
| US9614589(B1) | 2017-04-01 | Russo et al. | Applicant |
| US9680338(B2) | 2017-06-01 | Malpas et al. | Applicant |
| US9689679(B2) | 2017-06-01 | Budker et al. | Applicant |
| US9720055(B1) | 2017-08-01 | Hahn et al. | Applicant |
| US2002/0144093(A1) | 2002-10-01 | Inoue et al. | Applicant |
| US2002/0167306(A1) | 2002-11-01 | Zalunardo et al. | Applicant |
| US2003/0058346(A1) | 2003-03-01 | Bechtel et al. | Applicant |
| US2003/0076229(A1) | 2003-04-01 | Blanpain et al. | Applicant |
| US2003/0098455(A1) | 2003-05-01 | Amin et al. | Applicant |
| US2003/0235136(A1) | 2003-12-01 | Akselrod et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0013180(A1) | 2004-01-01 | Giannakis et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0022179(A1) | 2004-02-01 | Giannakis et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0042150(A1) | 2004-03-01 | Swinbanks et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0081033(A1) | 2004-04-01 | Arieli et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0109328(A1) | 2004-06-01 | Dahl et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0247145(A1) | 2004-12-01 | Luo et al. | Applicant |
| US2005/0031840(A1) | 2005-02-01 | Swift et al. | Applicant |
| US2005/0068249(A1) | 2005-03-01 | Frederick Du Toit et al. | Applicant |
| US2005/0099177(A1) | 2005-05-01 | Greelish | Applicant |
| US2005/0112594(A1) | 2005-05-01 | Grossman | Applicant |
| US2005/0126905(A1) | 2005-06-01 | Golovchenko et al. | Applicant |
| US2005/0130601(A1) | 2005-06-01 | Palermo et al. | Applicant |
| US2005/0134257(A1) | 2005-06-01 | Etherington et al. | Applicant |
| US2005/0138330(A1) | 2005-06-01 | Owens et al. | Applicant |
| US2005/0146327(A1) | 2005-07-01 | Jakab | Applicant |
| US2006/0012385(A1) | 2006-01-01 | Tsao et al. | Applicant |
| US2006/0054789(A1) | 2006-03-01 | Miyamoto et al. | Applicant |
| US2006/0055584(A1) | 2006-03-01 | Waite et al. | Applicant |
| US2006/0062084(A1) | 2006-03-01 | Drew | Applicant |
| US2006/0071709(A1) | 2006-04-01 | Maloberti et al. | Applicant |
| US2006/0247847(A1) | 2006-11-01 | Carter et al. | Applicant |
| US2006/0255801(A1) | 2006-11-01 | Ikeda | Applicant |
| US2006/0291771(A1) | 2006-12-01 | Braunisch et al. | Applicant |
| US2007/0004371(A1) | 2007-01-01 | Okanobu | Applicant |
| US2007/0247147(A1) | 2007-10-01 | Xiang et al. | Applicant |
| US2007/0273877(A1) | 2007-11-01 | Kawano et al. | Applicant |
| US2008/0016677(A1) | 2008-01-01 | Creighton, IV | Applicant |
| US2008/0048640(A1) | 2008-02-01 | Hull et al. | Applicant |
| US2008/0078233(A1) | 2008-04-01 | Larson et al. | Applicant |
| US2008/0089367(A1) | 2008-04-01 | Srinivasan et al. | Applicant |
| US2008/0204004(A1) | 2008-08-01 | Anderson | Applicant |
| US2008/0217516(A1) | 2008-09-01 | Suzuki et al. | Applicant |
| US2008/0239265(A1) | 2008-10-01 | Den Boef | Applicant |
| US2008/0253264(A1) | 2008-10-01 | Nagatomi et al. | Applicant |
| US2008/0266050(A1) | 2008-10-01 | Crouse et al. | Applicant |
| US2008/0299904(A1) | 2008-12-01 | Yi et al. | Applicant |
| US2009/0042592(A1) | 2009-02-01 | Cho et al. | Applicant |
| US2009/0058697(A1) | 2009-03-01 | Aas et al. | Applicant |
| US2009/0060790(A1) | 2009-03-01 | Okaguchi et al. | Applicant |
| US2009/0079417(A1) | 2009-03-01 | Mort et al. | Applicant |
| US2009/0079426(A1) | 2009-03-01 | Anderson | Applicant |
| US2009/0132100(A1) | 2009-05-01 | Shibata | Applicant |
| US2009/0157331(A1) | 2009-06-01 | Van Netten | Applicant |
| US2009/0195244(A1) | 2009-08-01 | Mouget et al. | Applicant |
| US2009/0222208(A1) | 2009-09-01 | Speck | Applicant |
| US2009/0277702(A1) | 2009-11-01 | Kanada et al. | Applicant |
| US2009/0310650(A1) | 2009-12-01 | Chester et al. | Applicant |
| US2010/0004802(A1) | 2010-01-01 | Bodin et al. | Applicant |
| US2010/0015438(A1) | 2010-01-01 | Williams et al. | Applicant |
| US2010/0015918(A1) | 2010-01-01 | Liu et al. | Applicant |
| US2010/0045269(A1) | 2010-02-01 | Lafranchise et al. | Applicant |
| US2010/0071904(A1) | 2010-03-01 | Burns et al. | Applicant |
| US2010/0102809(A1) | 2010-04-01 | May | Applicant |
| US2010/0134922(A1) | 2010-06-01 | Yamada et al. | Applicant |
| US2010/0157305(A1) | 2010-06-01 | Henderson | Applicant |
| US2010/0188081(A1) | 2010-07-01 | Lammegger | Applicant |
| US2010/0237149(A1) | 2010-09-01 | Olmstead | Applicant |
| US2010/0271016(A1) | 2010-10-01 | Barclay et al. | Applicant |
| US2010/0277121(A1) | 2010-11-01 | Hall et al. | Applicant |
| US2010/0308813(A1) | 2010-12-01 | Lukin et al. | Applicant |
| US2010/0315079(A1) | 2010-12-01 | Lukin et al. | Applicant |
| US2010/0326042(A1) | 2010-12-01 | McLean et al. | Applicant |
| US2011/0034393(A1) | 2011-02-01 | Justen et al. | Applicant |
| US2011/0059704(A1) | 2011-03-01 | Norimatsu et al. | Applicant |
| US2011/0062957(A1) | 2011-03-01 | Fu et al. | Applicant |
| US2011/0063957(A1) | 2011-03-01 | Isshiki et al. | Applicant |
| US2011/0066379(A1) | 2011-03-01 | Mes | Applicant |
| US2011/0120890(A1) | 2011-05-01 | MacPherson et al. | Applicant |
| US2011/0127999(A1) | 2011-06-01 | Lott et al. | Applicant |
| US2011/0153339(A1) | 2011-06-01 | Buck et al. | Applicant |
| US2011/0165862(A1) | 2011-07-01 | Yu et al. | Applicant |
| US2011/0176563(A1) | 2011-07-01 | Friel et al. | Applicant |
| US2011/0243267(A1) | 2011-10-01 | Won et al. | Applicant |
| US2011/0270078(A1) | 2011-11-01 | Wagenaar et al. | Applicant |
| US2012/0016538(A1) | 2012-01-01 | Waite et al. | Applicant |
| US2012/0019242(A1) | 2012-01-01 | Hollenberg et al. | Applicant |
| US2012/0037803(A1) | 2012-02-01 | Strickland | Applicant |
| US2012/0044014(A1) | 2012-02-01 | Stratakos et al. | Applicant |
| US2012/0051996(A1) | 2012-03-01 | Scarsbrook et al. | Applicant |
| US2012/0063505(A1) | 2012-03-01 | Okamura et al. | Applicant |
| US2012/0087449(A1) | 2012-04-01 | Ling et al. | Applicant |
| US2012/0089299(A1) | 2012-04-01 | Breed | Applicant |
| US2012/0140219(A1) | 2012-06-01 | Cleary | Applicant |
| US2012/0181020(A1) | 2012-07-01 | Barron et al. | Applicant |
| US2012/0194068(A1) | 2012-08-01 | Cheng et al. | Applicant |
| US2012/0203086(A1) | 2012-08-01 | Rorabaugh et al. | Applicant |
| US2012/0232838(A1) | 2012-09-01 | Kemppi et al. | Applicant |
| US2012/0235633(A1) | 2012-09-01 | Kesler et al. | Applicant |
| US2012/0235634(A1) | 2012-09-01 | Hall et al. | Applicant |
| US2012/0245885(A1) | 2012-09-01 | Kimishima | Applicant |
| US2012/0257683(A1) | 2012-10-01 | Schwager et al. | Applicant |
| US2012/0281843(A1) | 2012-11-01 | Christensen et al. | Applicant |
| US2012/0326793(A1) | 2012-12-01 | Gan | Applicant |
| US2013/0043863(A1) | 2013-02-01 | Ausserlechner et al. | Applicant |
| US2013/0093424(A1) | 2013-04-01 | Blank et al. | Applicant |
| US2013/0127518(A1) | 2013-05-01 | Nakao | Applicant |
| US2013/0179074(A1) | 2013-07-01 | Haverinen | Applicant |
| US2013/0215712(A1) | 2013-08-01 | Geiser et al. | Applicant |
| US2013/0223805(A1) | 2013-08-01 | Ouyang et al. | Applicant |
| US2013/0265782(A1) | 2013-10-01 | Barrena et al. | Applicant |
| US2013/0270991(A1) | 2013-10-01 | Twitchen et al. | Applicant |
| US2013/0279319(A1) | 2013-10-01 | Matozaki et al. | Applicant |
| US2014/0012505(A1) | 2014-01-01 | Smith et al. | Applicant |
| US2014/0037932(A1) | 2014-02-01 | Twitchen et al. | Applicant |
| US2014/0044208(A1) | 2014-02-01 | Woodsum | Applicant |
| US2014/0061510(A1) | 2014-03-01 | Twitchen et al. | Applicant |
| US2014/0070622(A1) | 2014-03-01 | Keeling et al. | Applicant |
| US2014/0072008(A1) | 2014-03-01 | Faraon et al. | Applicant |
| US2014/0077231(A1) | 2014-03-01 | Twitchen et al. | Applicant |
| US2014/0081592(A1) | 2014-03-01 | Bellusci et al. | Applicant |
| US2014/0104008(A1) | 2014-04-01 | Gan | Applicant |
| US2014/0126334(A1) | 2014-05-01 | Megdal et al. | Applicant |
| US2014/0139322(A1) | 2014-05-01 | Wang et al. | Applicant |
| US2014/0154792(A1) | 2014-06-01 | Moynihan et al. | Applicant |
| US2014/0159652(A1) | 2014-06-01 | Hall et al. | Applicant |
| US2014/0166904(A1) | 2014-06-01 | Walsworth et al. | Applicant |
| US2014/0167759(A1) | 2014-06-01 | Pines et al. | Applicant |
| US2014/0168174(A1) | 2014-06-01 | Idzik et al. | Applicant |
| US2014/0180627(A1) | 2014-06-01 | Naguib et al. | Applicant |
| US2014/0191139(A1) | 2014-07-01 | Englund | Applicant |
| US2014/0191752(A1) | 2014-07-01 | Walsworth et al. | Applicant |
| US2014/0198463(A1) | 2014-07-01 | Klein | Applicant |
| US2014/0210473(A1) | 2014-07-01 | Campbell et al. | Applicant |
| US2014/0215985(A1) | 2014-08-01 | Pollklas | Applicant |
| US2014/0247094(A1) | 2014-09-01 | Englund et al. | Applicant |
| US2014/0265555(A1) | 2014-09-01 | Hall et al. | Applicant |
| US2014/0272119(A1) | 2014-09-01 | Kushalappa et al. | Applicant |
| US2014/0273826(A1) | 2014-09-01 | Want et al. | Applicant |
| US2014/0291490(A1) | 2014-10-01 | Hanson et al. | Applicant |
| US2014/0297067(A1) | 2014-10-01 | Malay | Applicant |
| US2014/0306707(A1) | 2014-10-01 | Walsworth et al. | Applicant |
| US2014/0327439(A1) | 2014-11-01 | Cappellaro et al. | Applicant |
| US2014/0335339(A1) | 2014-11-01 | Dhillon et al. | Applicant |
| US2014/0340085(A1) | 2014-11-01 | Cappellaro et al. | Applicant |
| US2014/0368191(A1) | 2014-12-01 | Goroshevskiy et al. | Applicant |
| US2015/0001422(A1) | 2015-01-01 | Englund et al. | Applicant |
| US2015/0009746(A1) | 2015-01-01 | Kucsko et al. | Applicant |
| US2015/0018018(A1) | 2015-01-01 | Shen et al. | Applicant |
| US2015/0022404(A1) | 2015-01-01 | Chen et al. | Applicant |
| US2015/0048822(A1) | 2015-02-01 | Walsworth et al. | Applicant |
| US2015/0054355(A1) | 2015-02-01 | Ben-Shalom et al. | Applicant |
| US2015/0061590(A1) | 2015-03-01 | Widmer et al. | Applicant |
| US2015/0090033(A1) | 2015-04-01 | Budker et al. | Applicant |
| US2015/0128431(A1) | 2015-05-01 | Kuo | Applicant |
| US2015/0137793(A1) | 2015-05-01 | Englund et al. | Applicant |
| US2015/0153151(A1) | 2015-06-01 | Kochanski | Applicant |
| US2015/0192532(A1) | 2015-07-01 | Clevenson et al. | Applicant |
| US2015/0192596(A1) | 2015-07-01 | Englund et al. | Applicant |
| US2015/0225052(A1) | 2015-08-01 | Cordell | Applicant |
| US2015/0235661(A1) | 2015-08-01 | Heidmann | Applicant |
| US2015/0236551(A1) | 2015-08-01 | Shearer et al. | Applicant |
| US2015/0253355(A1) | 2015-09-01 | Grinolds et al. | Applicant |
| US2015/0268373(A1) | 2015-09-01 | Meyer | Applicant |
| US2015/0269957(A1) | 2015-09-01 | El Hallak et al. | Applicant |
| US2015/0276897(A1) | 2015-10-01 | Leussler et al. | Applicant |
| US2015/0299894(A1) | 2015-10-01 | Markham et al. | Applicant |
| US2015/0303333(A1) | 2015-10-01 | Yu et al. | Applicant |
| US2015/0314870(A1) | 2015-11-01 | Davies | Applicant |
| US2015/0326030(A1) | 2015-11-01 | Malpas et al. | Applicant |
| US2015/0326410(A1) | 2015-11-01 | Krause et al. | Applicant |
| US2015/0374250(A1) | 2015-12-01 | Hatano et al. | Applicant |
| US2015/0377865(A1) | 2015-12-01 | Acosta et al. | Applicant |
| US2015/0377987(A1) | 2015-12-01 | Menon et al. | Applicant |
| US2016/0031339(A1) | 2016-02-01 | Geo | Applicant |
| US2016/0036529(A1) | 2016-02-01 | Griffith et al. | Applicant |
| US2016/0071532(A9) | 2016-03-01 | Heidmann | Applicant |
| US2016/0077167(A1) | 2016-03-01 | Heidmann | Applicant |
| US2016/0097702(A1) | 2016-04-01 | Zhao et al. | Applicant |
| US2016/0139048(A1) | 2016-05-01 | Heidmann | Applicant |
| US2016/0146904(A1) | 2016-05-01 | Stetson, Jr. et al. | Applicant |
| US2016/0161429(A1) | 2016-06-01 | Englund et al. | Applicant |
| US2016/0214714(A1) | 2016-07-01 | Sekelsky | Applicant |
| US2016/0216304(A1) | 2016-07-01 | Sekelsky | Applicant |
| US2016/0216340(A1) | 2016-07-01 | Egan et al. | Applicant |
| US2016/0216341(A1) | 2016-07-01 | Boesch et al. | Applicant |
| US2016/0221441(A1) | 2016-08-01 | Hall et al. | Applicant |
| US2016/0223621(A1) | 2016-08-01 | Kaup et al. | Applicant |
| US2016/0231394(A1) | 2016-08-01 | Manickam et al. | Applicant |
| US2016/0266220(A1) | 2016-09-01 | Sushkov et al. | Applicant |
| US2016/0291191(A1) | 2016-10-01 | Fukushima et al. | Applicant |
| US2016/0313408(A1) | 2016-10-01 | Hatano et al. | Applicant |
| US2016/0348277(A1) | 2016-12-01 | Markham et al. | Applicant |
| US2016/0356863(A1) | 2016-12-01 | Boesch et al. | Applicant |
| US2017/0010214(A1) | 2017-01-01 | Osawa et al. | Applicant |
| US2017/0010334(A1) | 2017-01-01 | Krause et al. | Applicant |
| US2017/0010338(A1) | 2017-01-01 | Bayat et al. | Applicant |
| US2017/0010594(A1) | 2017-01-01 | Kottapalli et al. | Applicant |
| US2017/0023487(A1) | 2017-01-01 | Boesch | Applicant |
| US2017/0068012(A1) | 2017-03-01 | Fisk | Applicant |
| US2017/0104426(A1) | 2017-04-01 | Mills | Applicant |
| US2017/0199156(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Villani et al. | Applicant |
| US2017/0205526(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Meyer | Applicant |
| US2017/0207823(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Russo et al. | Applicant |
| US2017/0211947(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Fisk | Applicant |
| US2017/0212046(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Cammerata | Applicant |
| US2017/0212177(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Coar et al. | Applicant |
| US2017/0212178(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Hahn et al. | Applicant |
| US2017/0212179(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Hahn et al. | Applicant |
| US2017/0212180(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Hahn et al. | Applicant |
| US2017/0212181(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Coar et al. | Applicant |
| US2017/0212182(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Hahn et al. | Applicant |
| US2017/0212183(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Egan et al. | Applicant |
| US2017/0212184(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Coar et al. | Applicant |
| US2017/0212185(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Hahn et al. | Applicant |
| US2017/0212186(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Hahn et al. | Applicant |
| US2017/0212187(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Hahn et al. | Applicant |
| US2017/0212190(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Reynolds et al. | Applicant |
| US2017/0212258(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Fisk | Applicant |
| CN105738845(A) | 2016-07-01 | Applicant | |
| DE69608006(T2) | 2001-02-01 | Applicant | |
| DE19600241(C2) | 2002-08-01 | Applicant | |
| DE10228536(A1) | 2003-01-01 | Applicant | |
| EP161940(B1) | 1990-12-01 | Applicant | |
| EP718642 | 1996-06-01 | Applicant | |
| EP726458 | 1996-08-01 | Applicant | |
| EP1505627 | 2005-02-01 | Applicant | |
| EP1685597 | 2006-08-01 | Applicant | |
| EP1990313 | 2008-11-01 | Applicant | |
| EP2163392 | 2010-03-01 | Applicant | |
| EP2495166(A1) | 2012-09-01 | Applicant | |
| EP2587232(A1) | 2013-05-01 | Applicant | |
| EP2705179 | 2014-03-01 | Applicant | |
| EP2707523 | 2014-03-01 | Applicant | |
| EP2745360 | 2014-06-01 | Applicant | |
| EP2769417 | 2014-08-01 | Applicant | |
| EP2790031 | 2014-10-01 | Applicant | |
| EP2837930(A1) | 2015-02-01 | Applicant | |
| EP2907792 | 2015-08-01 | Applicant | |
| GB2433737 | 2007-07-01 | Applicant | |
| GB2423366(A) | 2008-08-01 | Applicant | |
| GB2482596 | 2012-02-01 | Applicant | |
| GB2483767 | 2012-03-01 | Applicant | |
| GB2486794 | 2012-06-01 | Applicant | |
| GB2490589 | 2012-11-01 | Applicant | |
| GB2491936 | 2012-12-01 | Applicant | |
| GB2493236 | 2013-01-01 | Applicant | |
| GB2495632(A) | 2013-04-01 | Applicant | |
| GB2497660 | 2013-06-01 | Applicant | |
| GB2510053(A) | 2014-07-01 | Applicant | |
| GB2515226 | 2014-12-01 | Applicant | |
| GB2522309 | 2015-07-01 | Applicant | |
| GB2526639 | 2015-12-01 | Applicant | |
| JP3782147(B2) | 2006-06-01 | Applicant | |
| JP4800896(B2) | 2011-10-01 | Applicant | |
| JP2012-103171 | 2012-05-01 | Applicant | |
| JP2012-110489 | 2012-06-01 | Applicant | |
| JP2012-121748 | 2012-06-01 | Applicant | |
| JP2013-028497 | 2013-02-01 | Applicant | |
| JP5476206(B2) | 2014-04-01 | Applicant | |
| JP5522606(B2) | 2014-06-01 | Applicant | |
| JP5536056(B2) | 2014-07-01 | Applicant | |
| JP5601183(B2) | 2014-10-01 | Applicant | |
| JP2014-215985 | 2014-11-01 | Applicant | |
| JP2014-216596 | 2014-11-01 | Applicant | |
| JP2015-518562(A) | 2015-07-01 | Applicant | |
| JP5764059(B2) | 2015-08-01 | Applicant | |
| JP2015-167176 | 2015-09-01 | Applicant | |
| JP2015-529328 | 2015-10-01 | Applicant | |
| JP5828036(B2) | 2015-12-01 | Applicant | |
| JP5831947(B2) | 2015-12-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-87/04028(A1) | 1987-07-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-88/04032(A1) | 1988-06-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-95/33972(A1) | 1995-12-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2011/046403(A2) | 2011-04-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2011/153339(A1) | 2011-12-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2012/016977(A2) | 2012-02-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2012/084750 | 2012-06-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2013/059404(A1) | 2013-04-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2013/066446(A1) | 2013-05-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2013/066448 | 2013-05-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2013/093136(A1) | 2013-06-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2013/188732(A1) | 2013-12-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2013/190329(A1) | 2013-12-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2014/011286(A2) | 2014-01-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2014/099110(A2) | 2014-06-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2014/135544(A1) | 2014-09-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2014/135547(A1) | 2014-09-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2014/166883(A1) | 2014-10-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2014/210486(A1) | 2014-12-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2015/015172(A1) | 2015-02-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2015/142945 | 2015-09-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2015/157110(A1) | 2015-10-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2015/157290(A1) | 2015-10-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2015/158383 | 2015-10-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2015/193156(A1) | 2015-12-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2016/075226(A1) | 2016-05-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2016/118756(A1) | 2016-07-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2016/118791(A1) | 2016-07-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2016/122965(A1) | 2016-08-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2016/122966(A1) | 2016-08-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2016/126435(A1) | 2016-08-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2016/126436(A1) | 2016-08-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2016/190909(A2) | 2016-12-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2017/007513(A1) | 2017-01-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2017/007514(A1) | 2017-01-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2017/014807(A1) | 2017-01-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2017/039747(A1) | 2017-03-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2017/095454(A1) | 2017-06-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2017/127079(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2017/127080(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2017/127081(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2017/127085(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2017/127090(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2017/127091(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2017/127093(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2017/127094(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2017/127095(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2017/127096(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2017/127097(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Applicant | |
| WO-2017/127098(A1) | 2017-07-01 | Applicant |
Non-Patent Literature (308)
- “‘Diamond Sensors, Detectors, and Quantum Devices’ in Patent Application Approval Process,” Chemicals & Chemistry, pp. 1-6, (Feb. 28, 2014), 6 pages.Applicant
- “Findings from University of Stuttgart in physics reported,” Science Letter, (Jul. 7, 2009), 2 pages.Applicant
- “New Findings on Nitrogen from Ecole Normale Superieure Summarized (Magnetic imaging with an ensemble of nitrogen vacancy-centers in diamond),” Physics Week, pp. 1-2, (Jul. 21, 2015), 2 pages.Applicant
- “Patent Issued for Diamond Sensors, Detectors, and Quantum Devices (U.S. Pat. No. 9,249,526),” Journal of Engineering, pp. 1-5 (Feb. 15, 2016), 5 pages.Applicant
- “Researchers Submit Patent Application, ‘Diamond Sensors, Detectors, and Quantum Devices’, for Approval,” Chemicals & Chemistry, pp. 1-7, (Apr. 11, 2014), 7 pages.Applicant
- Acosta et al., “Broadband magnetometry by infrared-absorption detection of nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in diamond,” Appl. Phys. Letters 97: 174104 (Oct. 29, 2010), 4 pages.Applicant
- Acosta et al., “Diamonds with a high density of nitrogen-vacancy centers for magnetometry applications,” Physical Review B 80(115202): 1-15 (Sep. 9, 2009), 15 pages.Applicant
- Acosta et al., “Nitrogen-vacancy centers: physics and applications,” MRS Bulletin 38(2): 127-130 (Feb. 2013), 4 pages.Applicant
- Acosta, “Optical Magnetometry with Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond,” University of California Berkeley, (Spring 2011), 118 pages.Applicant
- Aiello et al., “Composite-pulse magnetometry with a solid-state quantum sensor,” Nature Communications 4(1419): 1-6 (Jan. 29, 2013), 7 pages.Applicant
- Alam, “Solid-state 13C magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy characterization of particle size structural variations in synthetic nanodiamonds,” Materials Chemistry and Physics 85(2-3): 310-315 (Jun. 15, 2004), 6 pages.Applicant
- Albrecht et al., “Coupling of nitrogen vacancy centres in nanodiamonds by means of phonons,” New Journal of Physics 15(083014): 1-26 (Aug. 6, 2013), 27 pages.Applicant
- Appel et al., “Nanoscale microwave imaging with a single electron spin in diamond,” New Journal of Physics 17(112001): 1-6 (Nov. 3, 2015), 7 pages.Applicant
- Arai et al., “Fourier magnetic imaging with nanoscale resolution and compressed sensing speed-up using electronic spins in diamond,” Nature Nanotechnology 10: 859-864 (Aug. 10, 2015), 7 pages.Applicant
- Aslam et al., “Single spin optically detected magnetic resonance with 60-90 GHz (E-band) microwave resonators,” Review of Scientific Instruments 86(064704): 1-8 (Jun. 22, 2015), 9 pages.Applicant
- Awschalom et al., “Diamond age of spintronics,” Scientific American 297: 84-91 (Oct. 2007), 8 pages.Applicant
- Babamoradi et al., “Correlation between entanglement and spin density in nitrogen-vacancy center of diamond,” European Physical Journal D 65: 597-603 (Dec. 1, 2011), 7 pages.Applicant
- Babunts et al., “Diagnostics of NV defect structure orientation in diamond using optically detected magnetic resonance with a modulated magnetic field,” Technical Physics Letters 41(6): 583-586 (Jun. 2015; first published online Jul. 14, 2015), 4 pages.Applicant
- Babunts et al., “Temperature-scanned magnetic resonance and the evidence of two-way transfer of a nitrogen nuclear spin hyperfine interaction in coupled NV-N pairs in diamond,” JETP Letters 95(8): 429-432 (Jun. 27, 2012), 4 pages.Applicant
- Bagguley et al., “Zeeman effect of acceptor states in semiconducting diamond,” Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 21(Supplement): 244-248 (1966), 7 pages.Applicant
- Balasubramanian et al., “Nanoscale imaging magnetometry with diamond spins under ambient conditions,” Nature 455: 648-651 (Oct. 2, 2008), 5 pages.Applicant
- Balmer et al., “Chemical Vapour deposition synthetic diamond: materials technology and applications,” J. of Physics: Condensed Matter 21(36): 1-51 (Aug. 19, 2009), 51 pages.Applicant
- Baranov et al., “Enormously High Concentrations of Fluorescent Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers Fabricated by Sintering of Detonation Nanodiamonds,” Small 7(11): 1533-1537 (Jun. 6, 2011; first published online Apr. 26, 2011), 5 pages.Applicant
- Barfuss et al., “Strong mechanical driving of a single electron spin,” Nature Physics 11: 820-824 (Aug. 3, 2015), 6 pages.Applicant
- Barry et al., “Optical magnetic detection of single-neuron action potentials using quantum defects in diamond,” as submitted to Quantum Physics on Feb. 2, 2016, 23 pages.Applicant
- Bennett et al., “CVD Diamond for High Power Laser Applications,” SPIE 8603, High-Power Laser Materials Processing: Lasers, Beam Delivery, Diagnostics, and Applications II, 860307: 1-10 (Feb. 22, 2013), 10 pages.Applicant
- Berman & Chernobrod, “Single-spin microscope with sub-nanoscale resolution based on optically detected magnetic resonance,” SPIE 7608, Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices VII, 76080Y (Jan. 23, 2010), 4 pages.Applicant
- Berman et al. “Measurement of single electron and nuclear spin states based on optically detected magnetic resonance,” J. Physics: Conf. Series 38: 167-170 (2006), 5 pages.Applicant
- Blakley et al., “Room-temperature magnetic gradiometry with fiber-coupled nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond,” Optics Letters 40(16): 3727-3730 (Aug. 15, 2015), 4 pages.Applicant
- Bourgeois, et al., “Photoelectric detection of electron spin resonance of nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond,” Nature Communications 6(8577): 1-8 (Oct. 21, 2015), 8 pages.Applicant
- Budker & Kimball, “Optical Magnetometry,” Cambridge Press, (2013), 11 pages.Applicant
- Budker & Romalis, “Optical Magnetometry,” Nature Physics 3: 227-243 (Apr. 2007), 8 pages.Applicant
- Casanova, et al., “Effect of magnetic field on phosphorus centre in diamond,” Physica Status Solidi A 186(2): 291-295 (Jul. 30, 2001), 6 pages.Applicant
- Castelletto, et al., “Frontiers in diffraction unlimited optical methods for spin manipulation, magnetic field sensing and imaging using diamond nitrogen vacancy defects,” Nanophotonics 1(2): 139-153 (Nov. 2012), 15 pages.Applicant
- Chapman, et al., “Anomalous saturation effects due to optical spin depolarization in nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond nanocrystals,” Physical Review B 86(045204): 1-8 (Jul. 10, 2012), 8 pages.Applicant
- Chen et al., “Vector magnetic field sensing by a single nitrogen vacancy center in diamond,” EPL 101(67003): 1-5 (Mar. 2013), 6 pages.Applicant
- Chernobrod et al., “Improving the sensitivity of frequency modulation spectroscopy using nanomechanical cantilevers,” Applied Physics Letters 85(17): 3896-3898 (Oct. 25, 2004), 3 pages.Applicant
- Chernobrod et al., “Spin Microscope Based on Optically Detected Magnetic Resoncance,” Journal of Applied Physics 97(014903): 1-3, (2005; first published online Dec. 10, 2004), 4 pages.Applicant
- Childress et al., “Coherent dynamics of coupled electron and nuclear spin qubits in diamond,” Science 314(5797): 281-285 (Oct. 13, 2006), 6 pages.Applicant
- Chipaux et al., “Magnetic imaging with an ensemble of nitrogen vacancy-centers in diamond,” European Physical Journal D 69(166): 1-10 (Jul. 2, 2015), 10 pages.Applicant
- Chipaux et al., “Nitrogen vacancies (NV) centers in diamond for magnetic sensors and quantum sensing,” SPIE 9370, Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices XII, 93701V (Feb. 8, 2015), 6 pages.Applicant
- Chipaux, et al., “Wide bandwidth instantaneous radio frequency spectrum analyzer based on nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond,” Applied Physics Letters 107(233502): 1-5 (2015), 6 pages.Applicant
- Clevenson et al., “Broadband magnetometry and temperature sensing with a light-trapping diamond waveguide,” Nature Physics 11: 393-397 (May 2015; first published online Apr. 6, 2015), 6 pages.Applicant
- Constable, “Geomagnetic Spectrum, Temporal.” In Encyclopedia of Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism, pp. 353-355, Springer: Dordrecht, Netherlands (2007), 3 pages.Applicant
- Cooper et al., “Time-resolved magnetic sensing with electronic spins in diamond,” Nature Communications 5:3141: 1-7 (Jan. 24, 2014), 7 pages.Applicant
- Creedon et al., “Strong coupling between P1 diamond impurity centers and a three-dimensional lumped photonic microwave cavity,” Physical Review B 91(140408R): 1-5 (Apr. 24, 2015), 5 pages.Applicant
- Davies, “Current problems in diamond: towards a quantitative understanding,” Physica B 273-274: 15-13 (Dec. 15, 1999), 9 pages.Applicant
- De Lange et al., “Single-Spin Magnetometry with Multipulse Sensing Sequences,” Physical Review Letters 106(080802): 1-4 (Feb. 24, 2011), 4 pages.Applicant
- Degen, “Scanning magnetic field microscope with a diamond single-spin sensor,” Applied Physics Letters 92(243111): 1-3 (Jun. 17, 2008), 3 pages.Applicant
- Delacroix et al., “Design, manufacturing, and performance analysis of mid-infrared achromatic half-wave plates with diamond subwavelength gratings,” Applied Optics 51(24): 5897-5902 (Aug. 16, 2012), 6 pages.Applicant
- Denatale et al., “Fabrication and characterization of diamond moth eye antireflective surfaces on Ge,” J. of Applied Physics 71: 1388-1393 (Mar. 1992), 8 pages.Applicant
- Dobrovitski et al., “Quantum Control over Single Spins in Diamond,” Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics 4: 23-50 (Apr. 2013), 30 pages.Applicant
- Doherty et al., “The nitrogen-vacancy colour centre in diamond,” Physics Reports 528: 1-45 (Jul. 1, 2013), 45 pages.Applicant
- Doherty et al., “Theory of the ground-state spin of the NV-center in diamond,” Physical Review B 85(205203): 1-21 (May 3, 2012), 21 pages.Applicant
- Doi et al., “Pure negatively charged state of the NV center in n-type diamond,” Physical Review B 93(081203): 1-6 (Feb. 3, 2016), 6 pages.Applicant
- Drake et al., “Influence of magnetic field alignment and defect concentration on nitrogen-vacancy polarization in diamond,” New Journal of Physics 18(013011): 1-8 (Jan. 2016; first published on Dec. 24, 2015), 9 pages.Applicant
- Dreau et al., “Avoiding power broadening in optically detected magnetic resonance of single NV defects for enhanced dc magnetic field sensitivity,” Physical Review B 84(195204): 1-8 (Nov. 23, 2011), 8 pages.Applicant
- Dreau et al., “High-resolution spectroscopy of single NV defects coupled with nearby 13C nuclear spins in diamond,” Physical Review B 85(134107): 1-7 (Apr. 20, 2012), 7 pages.Applicant
- Dumeige et al., “Magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in diamond based on infrared absorption in a doubly resonant optical cavity,” Physical Review B 87(155202): 1-9 (Apr. 8, 2013), 9 pages.Applicant
- Epstein et al., “Anisotropic interactions of a single spin and dark-spin spectroscopy in diamond,” Nature Physics 1: 94-98 (Nov. 2005), 5 pages.Applicant
- Fedotov et al., “High-resolution magnetic field imaging with a nitrogen-vacancy diamond sensor integrated with a photonic-crystal fiber,” Optics Letters 41(3): 472-475 (Feb. 1, 2016; published Jan. 25, 2016), 4 pages.Applicant
- Fedotov et al., “Photonic-crystal-fiber-coupled photoluminescence interrogation of nitrogen vacancies in diamond nanoparticles,” Laser Physics Letters 9(2): 151-154 (Feb. 2012; first published online Dec. 2, 2011), 5 pages.Applicant
- Feng & Wei, “A steady-state spectral method to fit microwave absorptions of NV centers in diamonds: application to sensitive magnetic field sensing,” Measurement Science & Technology 25(105102): 1-6 (Oct. 2014; first published online Aug. 29, 2014), 7 pages.Applicant
- Freitas, et al., “Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Methods Applied to the Study of Carbon Materials,” Chemistry and Physics of Carbon, vol. 31 (2012), 45 pages.Applicant
- Geiselmann et al., “Fast optical modulation of the fluorescence from a single nitrogen-vacancy centre,” Nature Physics 9: 785-789 (Dec. 2013; first published online Oct. 13, 2013), 5 pages.Applicant
- Gombert & Blasi, “The Moth-Eye Effect-From Fundamentals to Commercial Exploitation,” Functional Properties of Bio-Inspired Surfaces: 79-102, (Nov. 2009), 26 pages.Applicant
- Gong et al., “Generation of Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Pairs in Bulk Diamond by Molecular Nitrogen Implantation,” Chinese Physics Letters 33(2)(026105): 1-4 (Feb. 2016), 5 pages.Applicant
- Gould et al., “An imaging magnetometer for bio-sensing based on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond,” SPIE 8933, Frontiers in Biological Detection: From Nanosensors to Systems VI, 89330L (Mar. 18, 2014), 8 pages.Applicant
- Gould et al., “Room-temperature detection of a single 19 nm superparamagnetic nanoparticle with an imaging magnetometer,” Applied Physics Letters 105(072406): 1-4 (Aug. 19, 2014), 5 pages.Applicant
- Gruber et al., “Scanning confocal optical microscopy and magnetic resonance on single defect centers,” Science 276(5321): 2012-2014 (Jun. 27, 1997), 4 pages.Applicant
- Haeberle et al., “Nanoscale nuclear magnetic imaging with chemical contrast,” Nature Nanotechnology 10: 125-128 (Feb. 2015; first published online Jan. 5, 2015), 4 pages.Applicant
- Haihua et al., “Design of wideband anti-reflective sub wavelength nanostructures,” Infrared and Laser Engineering 40(2): 267-270 (Feb. 2011), 4 pages.Applicant
- Hall et al., “Sensing of Fluctuating Nanoscale Magnetic Fields Using Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond,” Physical Review Letters 103(220802): 1-4 (Nov. 25, 2009), 4 pages.Applicant
- Hanson et al., “Coherent Dynamics of a Single Spin Interacting with an Adjustable Spin Bath,” Science 320(5874): 352-355 (Apr. 18, 2008), 5 pages.Applicant
- Hanson et al., “Polarization and Readout of Coupled Single Spins in Diamond,” Physical Review Letters 97(087601): 1-4 (Aug. 23, 2006), 4 pages.Applicant
- Hanson et al., “Room-temperature manipulation and decoherence of a single spin in diamond,” Physical Review 74(161203): 1-4 (Oct. 26, 2006), 4 pages.Applicant
- Hanzawa et al., “Zeeman effect on the zero-phonon line of the NV center in synthetic diamond,” Physica B 184(1-4): 137-140 (Feb. 1993), 4 pages.Applicant
- Hegyi & Yablonovitch, “Molecular imaging by optically detected electron spin resonance of nitrogen-vacancies in nanodiamonds,” Nano Letters 13(3): 1173-1178 (Mar. 2013; first published online Feb. 6, 2013), 6 pages.Applicant
- Hegyi & Yablonovitch, “Nanodiamond molecular imaging with enhanced contrast and expanded field of view,” Journal of Biomedical Optics 19(1)(011015): 1-8 (Jan. 2014), 9 pages.Applicant
- Hilser et al., “All-optical control of the spin state in the NV-center in diamond,” Physical Review B 86(125204): 1-8 (Sep. 14, 2012), 8 pages.Applicant
- Hobbs, “Study of the Environmental and Optical Durability of AR Microstructures in Sapphire, ALON, and Diamond,” SPIE 7302, Window and Dome Technologies and Materials XI, 73020J (Apr. 27, 2009), 14 pages.Applicant
- Huebener et al., “ODMR of NV centers in nano-diamonds covered with N@C60,” Physica Status Solidi B 245(10): 2013-2017 (Oct. 2008; first published online Sep. 8, 2008), 5 pages.Applicant
- Huxter et al., “Vibrational and electronic dynamics of nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond revealed by two-dimensional ultrafast spectroscopy,” Nature Physics 9: 744-749 (Sep. 29, 2013), 6 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Apr. 1, 2016 from related PCT application PCT/US2016/014384, 12 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Apr. 11, 2016 from related PCT application PCT/US2016/014376, 12 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Apr. 11, 2016 from related PCT application PCT/US2016/014388, 14 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Apr. 11, 2016 from related PCT application PCT/US2016/014395, 15 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Jul. 12, 2016, from related PCT application PCT/US2016/014287, 14 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Jul. 16, 2015, from related PCT application PCT/US2015/24723, 8 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Jul. 6, 2015, from related PCT application PCT/US2015/021093, 9 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Jul. 8, 2015, from related PCT application PCT/US2015/024265, 11 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Jun. 10, 2016 from related PCT application PCT/US2016/014290, 11 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Jun. 2, 2016, from related PCT application PCT/US2016/014386, 14 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Jun. 2, 2016, from related PCT application PCT/US2016/014387, 13 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Jun. 6, 2016, from related PCT application PCT/US2016/014291, 13 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Jun. 9, 2016 from related PCT application PCT/US2016/014333, 16 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Mar. 24, 2016 from related PCT application PCT/US2016/014336, 17 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Mar. 24, 2016 from related PCT application PCT/US2016/014297, 15 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Mar. 24, 2016 from related PCT application PCT/US2016/014392, 8 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Mar. 24, 2016 from related PCT application PCT/US2016/014403, 10 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Mar. 25, 2016, from related PCT application PCT/US2016/014363, 8 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Mar. 25, 2016, from related PCT application PCT/US2016/014389, 19 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Mar. 28, 2016, from related PCT application PCT/US2016/014380, 9 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Mar. 28, 2016, from related PCT application PCT/US2016/014394, 17 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Mar. 29, 2016 from related PCT application PCT/US2016/014325, 11 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Mar. 29, 2016 from related PCT application PCT/US2016/014330, 8 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Mar. 29, 2016, from related PCT application PCT/US2016/014328, 7 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Mar. 29, 2016, from related PCT application PCT/US2016/014385, 11 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Mar. 30, 2016 from related PCT application PCT/US2016/014298, 14 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Mar. 31, 2016 from related PCT application PCT/US2016/014375, 11 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Mar. 31, 2016 from related PCT application PCT/US2016/014396, 11 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated May 26, 2016, 2016 from related PCT application PCT/US2016/014331, 15 pages.Applicant
- Ivady et al., “Pressure and temperature dependence of the zero-field splitting in the ground state of NV centers in diamond: a first-principles study,” Physical Review B 90(235205): 1-8 (Dec. 2014), 8 pages.Applicant
- Jarmola et al., “Temperature- and Magnetic-Field-Dependent Longitudinal Spin Relaxation in Nitrogen-Vacancy Ensembles in Diamond,” Physical Review Letters 108 (197601): 1-5 (May 2012), 5 pages.Applicant
- Jensen et al., “Light narrowing of magnetic resonances in ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond,” Physical Review B 87(014115): 1-10 (Jan. 2013), 10 pages.Applicant
- Kailath, “Linear Systems,” Prentice Hall, (1979), 6 pages.Applicant
- Karlsson et al., “Diamond micro-optics: microlenses and antireflection structures surfaces for the infrared spectral region,” Optics Express 11(5): 502-507 (Mar. 10, 2003), 6 pages.Applicant
- Khan & Hemmer, “Noise limitation in nano-scale imaging,” Proceedings of SPIE vol. 5842: 302-305, (Dec. 2005), 7 pages.Applicant
- Kim et al., “Electron spin resonance shift and linewidth broadening of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond as a function of electron irradiation dose,” Applied Physics Letters 101(082410): 1-5 (Aug. 2012), 6 pages.Applicant
- Kim et al., “Jahn-Teller Splitting and Zeeman Effect of Acceptors in Diamond,” Physica B 273-274: 647-627 (Jul. 1999), 4 pages.Applicant
- Kim et al., “Magnetospectroscopy of acceptors in ‘blue’ diamonds,” Physica B 302-301: 88-100 (Aug. 2001), 13 pages.Applicant
- Kim et al., “Zeeman effect of electronic Raman lines of accepters in elemental semiconductors: Boron in blue diamond,” Physical Review B 62(12): 8038-8052 (Sep. 2000), 15 pages.Applicant
- King et al., “Optical polarization of 13C nuclei in diamond through nitrogen vacancy centers,” Physical Review B 81(073201): 1-4 (Feb. 2010), 4 pages.Applicant
- Kok et al., “Materials Science: Qubits in the pink,” Nature 444(2): 49 (Nov. 2006), 1 page.Applicant
- Konenko et al., “Formation of antireflective surface structures on diamond films by laser patterning,” Applied Physics A 68:99-102 (Jan. 1999), 4 pages.Applicant
- Kraus et al., “Magnetic field and temperature sensing with atomic-scale spin defects in silicon carbide,” Scientific Reports 4(5303): 1-8 (Jul. 4, 2014), 8 pages.Applicant
- Lai et al., “Influence of a static magnetic field on the photoluminescence of an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy color centers in a diamond single-crystal,” Applied Physics Letters 95, (Sep. 2009), 4 pages.Applicant
- Lai et al., “Optically detected magnetic resonance of a single Nitrogen-Vacancy electronic spin in diamond nanocrystals,” CLEO/EQEC, (Jun. 14-19, 2009), 1 page.Applicant
- Laraoui et al., “Nitrogen-vacancy assisted magnetometry of paramagnetic centers in an individual diamond nanocrystal,” Nano Letters 12: 3477-3482 (Jul. 2012) 6 pages.Applicant
- Lazariev et al., “A nitrogen-vacancy spin based molecular structure microscope using multiplexed projection reconstruction,” Scientific Reports 5(14130): 1-8 (Sep. 15, 2015), 8 pages.Applicant
- Le Sage et al., “Efficient photon detection from color centers in a diamond optical waveguide,” Phys. Rev. B 85: 121202(R), pp. 121202-1-121202-4, (Mar. 2012), 4 pages.Applicant
- Lee et al., “Vector magnetometry based on S=3/2 electronic spins,” Physical Review B 92 (115201): 1-7 (Sep. 2015), 7 pages.Applicant
- Lesik et al., “Preferential orientation of NV defects in CVD diamond films grown on (113)-oriented substrates,” Diamond and Related Materials 56: 47-53 (Jun. 2015), 7 pages.Applicant
- Levchenko et al., “Inhomogeneous broadening of optically detected magnetic resonance of the ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond by interstitial carbon atoms,” Applied Physics Letters 106, (Mar. 2015; published online Mar. 9, 2015), 6 pages.Applicant
- Liu et al., “Electron spin studies of nitrogen vacancy centers in nanodiamonds,” Acta Physica Sinica 62(16) 164208: 1-5 (Aug. 2013), 5 pages.Applicant
- Liu et al., “Fiber-integrated diamond-based magnetometer,” Applied Physics Letters 103(143105): 1-4 (Sep. 2013), 5 pages.Applicant
- MacLaurin et al., “Nanoscale magnetometry through quantum control of nitrogen-vacancy centres in rotationally diffusing nanodiamonds,” New Journal of Physics 15, (Jan. 2013), 16 pages.Applicant
- MacQuarie et al., “Mechanical spin control of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond,” Retrieved from http://www.arxiv.org/pdf/1306.6356.pdf, pp. 1-8, (Jun. 2013), 8 pages.Applicant
- Macs et al., “Diamond as a magnetic field calibration probe,” Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 37, (Apr. 2004; published Mar. 17, 2004), 6 pages.Applicant
- Maletinsky et al., “A robust scanning diamond sensor for nanoscale imaging with single nitrogen-vacancy centres,” Nature Nanotechnology 7: 320-324, (May 2012; published online Apr. 15, 2012), 5 pages.Applicant
- Mamin et al., “Multipulse Double-Quantum Magnetometry with Near-Surface Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers,” Physical Review Letters 13(030803): 1-5 (Jul. 2014), 5 pages.Applicant
- Mamin et al., “Nanoscale Nuclear Magnetic Resonance with a Nitrogen-Vacancy Spin Sensor,” Science 339, (Feb. 1, 2013), 5 pages.Applicant
- Manson et al., “GR transitions in diamond: magnetic field measurements,” Journal of Physics C Solid St. Phys 13: L1005-L1009, (Nov. 1980), 6 pages.Applicant
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “Wide-Field Imaging Using Nitrogen Vacancies,” in Patent Application Approval Process, Physics Week: 1-5, (Jan. 20, 2015), 5 pages.Applicant
- Matsuda et al., “Development of a plastic diamond anvil cell for high pressure magneto-photoluminescence in pulsed high magnetic fields,” International Journal of Modern Physics B 18(2729), (Nov. 2004), 7 pages.Applicant
- Maze et al., “Nanoscale magnetic sensing using spin qubits in diamond,” Proc. SPIE 7225, Advanced Optical Concepts in Quantum Computing, Memory, and Communication II, 722509 (Feb. 2, 2009) 8 pages.Applicant
- Maze et al., “Nanoscale magnetic sensing with an individual electronic spin in diamond,” Nature Physics 455: 644-647 (Oct. 2, 2008), 5 pages.Applicant
- Meijer et al., “Generation of single color centers by focused nitrogen implantation,” Applied Physics Letters 87(261909): 1-3 (Dec. 2005), 4 pages.Applicant
- Millot et al., “High-field Zeeman and Paschen-Back effects at high pressure in oriented ruby,” Physical Review B 78 (155125): 1-7 (Oct. 2008), 7 pages.Applicant
- Moriyama et al., “Importance of electron-electron interactions and Zeeman splitting in single-wall carbon nanotube quantum dots,” Physica E 26: 473-476 (Feb. 2005), 4 pages.Applicant
- Mrozek et al., “Circularly polarized microwaves for magnetic resonance study in the GHz range: Application to nitrogen-vacancy in diamonds,” Applied Physics Letters, pp. 1-4 (Jul. 2015), 4 pages.Applicant
- Nagl et al., “Improving surface and defect center chemistry of fluorescent nanodiamonds for imaging purposes—a review,” Analytical and Bioanalaytical Chemistry 407: 7521-7536 (Oct. 2015; published online Jul. 29, 2015), 16 pages.Applicant
- Neumann et al., “Excited-state spectroscopy of single NV defects in diamond using optically detected magnetic resonance,” New Journal of Physics 11(013017): 1-10, (Jan. 2009), 11 pages.Applicant
- Nizovtsev & Kilin, “Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance Spectra of the 14NV-13C Spin Systems in Diamond: Analytical Theory and Experiment,” Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, (2013), 27 pages with English machine translation.Applicant
- Nizovtsev et al., “Modeling fluorescence of single nitrogen-vacancy defect centers in diamond,” Physica B—Condensed Matter, 608-611 (Dec. 2001), 4 pages.Applicant
- Nizovtsev et al., “Theoretical study of hyperfine interactions and optically detected magnetic resonance spectra by simulation of the C-291(NV)H-(172) diamond cluster hosting nitrogen-vacancy center,” New Journal of Physics 16(083014): 1-21 (Aug. 2014), 22 pages.Applicant
- Nobauer et al., “Smooth optimal quantum control for robust solid state spin magnetometry,” Retrieved from http://www.arxiv.org/abs/1412.5051, pp. 1-12, (Dec. 2014), 12 pages.Applicant
- Nowodzinski et al., “Nitrogen-Vacancy centers in diamond for current imaging at the redistributive layer level of Integrated Circuits,” Microelectronics Reliability 55: 1549-1553 (Aug. 2015), 5 pages.Applicant
- Nusran et al., “Optimizing phase-estimation algorithms for diamond spin magnetometry,” Physical Review B 90(024422): 1-12 (Jul. 2014), 12 pages.Applicant
- Ohashi et al., “Negatively Charged Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in a 5 nm Thin 12C Diamond Film,” Nano Letters 13: 4733-4738 (Oct. 2013), 6 pages.Applicant
- Plakhotnik et al., “Super-Paramagnetic Particles Chemically Bound to Luminescent Diamond : Single Nanocrystals Probed with Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance,” Journal of Physical Chemistry C 119: 20119-20124 (Aug. 2015), 6 pages.Applicant
- Polatomic. “AN/ASQ-233A Digital Magnetic Anomaly Detective Set.” Retrieved May 9, 2016, from http://polatomic.com/images/DMAD—Data—Sheet—09-2009.pdf (2009), 1 page.Applicant
- Poole, “What is GMSK Modulation—Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying.” Radio-Electronics, retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20150403045840/http://www.radio-electronics.com /info/rf-technology-design/pm-phase-modulation/what-is-gmsk-gaussian-minimum-shift-keyingtutorial.php (Apr. 3, 2015), 4 pages.Applicant
- Rabeau et al., “Implantation of labelled single nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond using 15N,” Applied Physics Letters 88, (Jan. 2006), 4 pages.Applicant
- Ranjbar et al., “Many-electron states of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond and spin density calculations,” Physical Review B 84(165212): 1-6 (Oct. 2011), 6 pages.Applicant
- Reynhardt, “Spin-lattice relaxation of spin-1/2 nuclei in solids containing diluted paramagnetic impurity centers. I. Zeeman polarization of nuclear spin system,” Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part A, pp. 20-35, (Sep. 2003), 16 pages.Applicant
- Rogers et al., “Singlet levels of the Nv(−) centre in diamond,” New Journal of Physics 17, (Jan. 27, 2015), 13 pages.Applicant
- Rondin et al., “Magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond,” Reports on Progress in Physics 77(056503) 1-26 (May 6, 2014), 27 pages.Applicant
- Rondin et al., “Nanoscale magnetic field mapping with a single spin scanning probe magnetometer,” Applied Physics Letters 100, (Apr. 2012), 5 pages.Applicant
- Sarkar et al., “Magnetic properties of graphite oxide and reduced graphene oxide,” Physica E 64: 78-82 (Nov. 2014), 5 pages.Applicant
- Scheuer et al., “Accelerated 2D magnetic resonance spectroscopy of single spins using matrix completion,” Scientific Reports 5(17728): 1-8 (Dec. 3, 2015), 8 pages.Applicant
- Schirhagl et al., “Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond: Nanoscale sensors for physics and biology,” Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 65: 83-105 (Jan. 2014), 26 pages.Applicant
- Schoenfeld & Harneit, “Real time magnetic field sensing and imaging using a single spin in diamond,” Physical Review Letters 106(030802): 1-4 (Jan. 2011), 4 pages.Applicant
- Sedov et al., “Si-doped nano- and microcrystalline diamond films with controlled bright photoluminescence of silicon-vacancy color centers,” Diamond and Related Materials 56: 23-28 (Jun. 2015; available online Apr. 18, 2015), 6 pages.Applicant
- Shames et al., “Magnetic resonance tracking of fluorescent nanodiamond fabrication,” Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 48(155302): 1-13 (Apr. 2015; published Mar. 20, 2015), 14 pages.Applicant
- Shao et al., “Diamond Color Center Based FM Microwave Demodulator,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optical Society of America), paper JTh2A.136, (Jun. 5-10, 2016), 2 pages.Applicant
- Simanovskaia et al., “Sidebands in optically detected magnetic resonance signals of nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond,” Physical Review B 87(224106): 1-11 (Jun. 2013), 11 pages.Applicant
- Sotoma et al., “Effective production of fluorescent nanodiamonds containing negatively-charged nitrogen-vacancy centers by ion irradiation,” Diamond and Related Materials 49: 33-38 (Oct. 2014), 6 pages.Applicant
- Steiner et al., “Universal enhancement of the optical readout fidelity of single electron spins at nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond,” Physical Review B 81(035205): 1-6 (Jan. 2010), 6 pages.Applicant
- Steinert et al., “High-sensitivity magnetic imaging using an array of spins in diamond,” Rev. Sci. Inst. 81(043705): 1-5 (Apr. 2010), 5 pages.Applicant
- Stepanov et al., “High-frequency and high-field optically detected magnetic resonance of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond,” Applied Physics Letters 106, (Feb. 2015), 5 pages.Applicant
- Sternschulte et al., “Uniaxial stress and Zeeman splitting of the 1.681 eV optical center in a homoepitaxial CVD diamond film,” Diamond and Related Materials 4: 1189-1192 (Sep. 1995), 4 pages.Applicant
- Storteboom et al., “Lifetime investigation of single nitrogen vacancy centres in nanodiamonds,” Optics Express 23(9): 11327-11333 (May 4, 2015; published Apr. 22, 2015), 7 pages.Applicant
- Tahara et al., “Quantifying selective alignment of ensemble nitrogen-vacancy centers in (111) diamond,” Applied Physics Letters 107:193110 (Nov. 2015; published online Nov. 13, 2015), 5 pages.Applicant
- Taylor et al., “High-sensitivity diamond magnetometer with nanoscale resolution,” Nature Physics 4: 810-816 (Oct. 2008), 7 pages.Applicant
- Terblanche et al., “13C spin-lattice relaxation in natural diamond: Zeeman relaxation at 4.7 T and 300 K due to fixed paramagnetic nitrogen defects,” Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 20: 122 (Aug. 2001), 22 pages.Applicant
- Terblanche et al., “13C spin-lattice relaxation in natural diamond: Zeeman relaxation in fields of 500 to 5000 G at 300 K due to fixed paramagnetic nitrogen defects,” Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 19: 107-129 (May 2001), 23 pages.Applicant
- Tetienne et al., “Magnetic-field-dependent photodynamics of single NV defects in diamond: an application to qualitative all-optical magnetic imaging,” New Journal of Physics 14(103033): 1-5 (Oct. 19, 2012), 16 pages.Applicant
- Tong et al., “A hybrid-system approach for W state and cluster state generation,” Optics Communication 310: 166-172, (Jan. 2014; available online Aug. 12, 2013 ), 7 pages.Applicant
- Uhlen et al., “New diamond nanofabrication process for hard x-ray zone plates,” J. of Vacuum Science & Tech. B 29(6) (06FG03): 1-4 (Nov./Dec. 2011), 4 pages.Applicant
- US Notice of Allowance dated Apr. 20, 2016, from related U.S. Appl. No. 15/003,718, 9 pages.Applicant
- US Notice of Allowance dated Mar. 29, 2016, from related U.S. Appl. No. 15/003,590, 11 pages.Applicant
- US Office Action dated Jul. 29, 2016 from related U.S. Appl. No. 14/680,877, 8 pages.Applicant
- US Office Action dated May 13, 2016, from related U.S. Appl. No. 14/676,740, 15 pages.Applicant
- US Office Action dated May 6, 2016, from related U.S. Appl. No. 14/659,498, 20 pages.Applicant
- Vershovskii & Dmitriev, “Combined excitation of an optically detected magnetic resonance in nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for precision measurement of the components of a magnetic field vector,” Technical Physics Letters 41(11): 1026-1029 (Nov. 2015), 4 pages.Applicant
- Vershovskii & Dmitriev, “Micro-scale three-component quantum magnetometer based on nitrogen-vacancy color centers in diamond crystal,” Technical Physics Letters 41(4): 393-396 (Apr. 2015), 4 pages.Applicant
- Wahlstrom et al., “Modeling Magnetic Fields Using Gaussian Processes,” 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, pp. 3522-3526 (May 26-31, 2013), 5 pages.Applicant
- Wang et al., “Optimizing ultrasensitive single electron magnetometer based on nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond,” Chinese Science Bulletin, 58(24): 2920-2923, (Aug. 2013), 4 pages.Applicant
- Webber et al., “Ab initio thermodynamics calculation of the relative concentration of NV- and NV0 defects in diamond,” Physical Review B 85,(014102): 1-7 (Jan. 2012), 7 pages.Applicant
- Wolf et al., “Subpicotesla Diamond Magnetometry,” Physical Review X 5(041001): 1-10 (Oct. 2015), 10 pages.Applicant
- Wolfe et al., “Off-resonant manipulation of spins in diamond via precessing magnetization of a proximal ferromagnet,” Physical Review B 89(180406): 1-5 (May 2014), 5 pages.Applicant
- Xue & Liu, “Producing GHz state of nitrogen-vacancy centers in cavity QED,” Journal of Modern Optics 60(6-7), (Mar. 2013), 8 pages.Applicant
- Yang & Gu, “Novel calibration techniques for high pulsed-magnetic fields using luminescence caused by photo,” (with English machine translation), Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, (Jun. 2007), 11 pages.Applicant
- Yavkin et al., “Defects in Nanodiamonds: Application of High-Frequency cw and Pulse EPR, ODMR,” Applied Magnetic Resonance, 45: 1035-1049 (Oct. 2014; published online Sep. 10, 2014), 15 pages.Applicant
- Yu et al., “Bright fluorescent nanodiamonds: no photobleaching and low cytotoxicity,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127: 17604-17605 (Dec. 2005), 2 pages.Applicant
- Zhang et al., “Laser-polarization-dependent and magnetically controlled optical bistability in diamond nitrogen-vacancy centers,” Physics Letters A 377: 2621-2627 (Nov. 2013), 7 pages.Applicant
- Zhang et al., “Laser-polarization-dependent spontaneous emission of the zero phonon line from single nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond,” Chinese Physics B 24(3), (Apr. 2014), 13 pages.Applicant
- Zhang et al., “Scalable quantum information transfer between nitrogen-vacancy-center ensembles,” Annals of Physics, 355: 170-181 (Apr. 2015; available online Feb. 14, 2013), 12 pages.Applicant
- Zhao et al., “Atomic-scale magnetometry of distant nuclear spin clusters via nitrogen-vacancy spin in diamond,” Nature Nanotechnology, 5: 242-246 (Apr. 2011), 5 pages.Applicant
- Teale, “Magnetometry with Ensembles of Nitrogen Vacancy Centers in Bulk Diamond,” Master's Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (Sep. 2015), 57 pages.Applicant
- Fallah et al., “Multi-sensor approach in vessel magnetic wake imaging,” Wave Motion 51(1): 60-76 (Jan. 2014), retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165212513001133 (Aug. 21, 2016), 17 pages.Applicant
- International Preliminary Report on Patentability dated Oct. 20, 2016 from related PCT application PCT/US2015/024723, 7 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Sep. 13, 2016 from related PCT application PCT/US16/14377, 11 pages.Applicant
- Notice of Allowance dated Aug. 17, 2016, from related U.S. Appl. No. 15/003,718, 8 pages.Applicant
- Notice of Allowance dated Sep. 8, 2016, from related U.S. Appl. No. 15/003,298, 10 pages.Applicant
- Soykal et al., “Quantum metrology with a single spin-3/2 defect in silicon carbide,” Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (May 24, 2016), retrieved from https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.07628 (Sep. 22, 2016), 9 pages.Applicant
- US Office Action dated Aug. 24, 2016 from related U.S. Appl. No. 14/676,740, 19 pages.Applicant
- US Office Action dated Oct. 14, 2016 from related U.S. Appl. No. 15/003,677, 13 pages.Applicant
- US Office Action dated Nov. 2, 2016 from related patent U.S. Appl. No. 15/003,256, 19 pages.Applicant
- US Office Action dated Nov. 3, 2016 from related patent U.S. Appl. No. 15/204,675, 9 pages.Applicant
- Widmann et al., “Coherent control of single spins in silicon carbide at room temperature,” Nature Materials, 14: 164-168 (Feb. 2015) (available online Dec. 1, 2014), 5 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority in PCT/US2016/014390 mailed Feb. 15, 2017, 19 pages.Applicant
- Notice of Allowance dated Dec. 13, 2016, from related U.S. Appl. No. 14/680,877, 8 pages.Applicant
- Notice of Allowance dated Dec. 22, 2016, from related U.S. Appl. No. 14/659,498, 10 pages.Applicant
- US Notice of Allowance dated Feb. 14, 2017, from related U.S. Appl. No. 15/003,677, 8 pages.Applicant
- US Office Action dated Feb. 10, 2017, from related U.S. Appl. No. 14/676,740, 20 pages.Applicant
- US Office Action dated Feb. 10, 2017, from related U.S. Appl. No. 15/003,088, 12 pages.Applicant
- US Office Action dated Feb. 16, 2017, from related U.S. Appl. No. 15/204,675, 8 pages.Applicant
- GB Office Action dated Jan. 10, 2017, in related national stage application GB1618202.4.Applicant
- Brenneis, et al. “Ultrafast electronic readout of diamond nitrogen-vacancy centres coupled to graphene.” Nature nanotechnology 10.2 (2015): 135-139.Applicant
- Chavez, et al. “Detecting Arctic oil spills with NMR: a feasibility study.” Near Surface Geophysics 13.4 (Feb. 2015): 409-416.Applicant
- Dale, et al. “Medical applications of diamond magnetometry: commercial viability.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1705.01994 (May 8, 2017), pp. 1-7.Applicant
- Fologea, et al. “Detecting single stranded DNA with a solid state nanopore.” Nano Letters 5.10 (Aug. 15, 2005): 1905-1909.Applicant
- Gaebel, et al. “Room-temperature coherent coupling of single spins in diamond.” Nature Physics 2.6 (May 28, 2006): 408-413.Applicant
- GB Examination Report from United Kingdom application no. GB 1617438.5 dated Oct. 28, 2016.Applicant
- Heerema, et al. “Graphene nanodevices for DNA sequencing.” Nature nanotechnology 11.2 (Feb. 3, 2016): 127-136.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Apr. 4, 2017 from related PCT application PCT/US16/68366, 9 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Jun. 1, 2017, from related PCT application PCT/US17/21811, 9 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Jun. 1, 2017, in related PCT application PCT/US17/22279, 20 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Jun. 15, 2017, from related PCT application PCT/US2017/024175, 10 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Jun. 9, 2017, from related patent application PCT/US2017/024181, 13 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Jun. 9, 2017, from related PCT application PCT/US2017/024179, 9 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Mar. 13, 2017 from related PCT application PCT/US2016/68320, 10 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Mar. 27, 2017 from related PCT application PCT/US16/68344, 16 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Mar. 31, 2017 from related PCT application PCT/US2016/066566, 11 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated May 10, 2017 from related PCT application PCT/US17/19411, 8 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated May 18, 2017, from related PCT application PCT/US2017/021593, 10 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated May 19, 2017, from related PCT application PCT/US17/18099, 16 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated May 3, 2017 from related PCT application PCT/US2017/018701, 8 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated May 4, 2017 from related PCT application PCT/US2017/018709, 8 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated May 8, 2017 from related PCT application PCT/US2017/17321, 17 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Jun. 15, 2017, from related PCT application PCT/US2017/024182, 21 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Jun. 22, 2017, in related PCT application PCT/US2017/024180, 10 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Jun. 5, 2017, from related PCT application PCT/US2017/024169 (11 pages).Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Jun. 5, 2017, from related PCT application PCT/US2017/024174, 8 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Jun. 5, 2017, in related PCT application PCT/US2017/024168 (7 pages).Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Jun. 6, 2017, from related PCT application PCT/US2017/024172 (9 pages).Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Jun. 6, 2017, from related PCT application US/2017/024165 (9 pages).Applicant
- Keyser “Enhancing nanopore sensing with DNA nanotechnology.” Nature nanotechnology 11.2 (Feb. 2016): 106-108.Applicant
- Lindsay “The promises and challenges of solid-state sequencing.” Nature nanotechnology 11.2 (Feb. 2016): 109-111.Applicant
- Matlashov, et al. “SQUIDs for magnetic resonance imaging at ultra-low magnetic field.” PIERS online 5.5 (2009): 466-470.Applicant
- Matlashov, et al. “SQUIDs vs. induction coils for ultra-low field nuclear magnetic resonance: experimental and simulation comparison.” IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 21.3 (Jan. 1, 2012): 465-468.Applicant
- Michaelovich et al., “Polarization Dependencies of the Nitrogen-Vacancy Center.” Undergraduate Project Report, Ben-Gurion University, Aug. 2015.Applicant
- Moessle, et al. “SQUID-detected magnetic resonance imaging in microtesla fields.” Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 9 (May 23, 2008): 389-413.Applicant
- Notice of Allowance dated Jun. 8, 2017, from related U.S. Appl. No. 15/351,862, 7 pages.Applicant
- Pelliccione, et al., Two-dimensional nanoscale imaging of gadolinium spins via scanning probe relaxometry with a single spin in diamond, Phys. Rev. Applied 2.5, (Sep. 8, 2014): 054014 pp. 1-17.Applicant
- Qiu et al., “Low-field NMR Measurement Procedure when SQUID Detection is Used,” IEEE/CSC & ESAS European Superconductivity News Forum, No. 5, Jul. 2008.Applicant
- Qiu, et al. “SQUID-detected NMR in Earth's magnetic field.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series. vol. 97. No. 1. I0P Publishing, Mar. 2008, pp. 1-7.Applicant
- Sheinker et al., “Localization in 3-D Using Beacons of Low Frequency Magnetic Field.” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 62(12): 3194- 3201 (Dec. 2013), 8 pages.Applicant
- Steinert et al., “Magnetic spin imaging under ambient conditions with sub-cellular resolution.” Nature Comms 4:1607 (Mar. 19, 2013).Applicant
- Sushkov, et al. “All-optical sensing of a single-molecule electron spin.” Nano letters 14.11 (Nov. 7, 2013): 6443-6448.Applicant
- Tetienne, et al. “Spin relaxometry of single nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond nanocrystals for magnetic noise sensing.” Physical Review B 87.23 (Apr. 3, 2013): 235436-1 - 235436-5.Applicant
- US Notice of Allowance dated Jun. 20, 2017, from related U.S. Appl. No. 15/204,675, 9 pages.Applicant
- US Notice of Allowance dated Jun. 28, 2017 from related U.S. Appl. No. 15/003,256, 10 pages.Applicant
- US Notice of Allowance dated Jun. 29, 2017 from related U.S. Appl. No. 15/351,862, 4 pages.Applicant
- US Notice of Allowance dated Mar. 15, 2017, from related U.S. Appl. No. 15/351,862, 6 pages.Applicant
- US Office Action dated Apr. 17, 2017, from related U.S. Appl. No. 15/003,558, 12 pages.Applicant
- US Office Action dated Jun. 1, 2017, from related U.S. Appl. No. 15/003,797, 29 pages.Applicant
- US Office Action dated Jun. 1, 2017, from related U.S. Appl. No. 15/179,957, 29 pages.Applicant
- US Office Action dated Jun. 12, 2017, from related U.S. Appl. No. 15/003,256, 9 pages.Applicant
- US Office Action dated Jun. 12, 2017, from related U.S. Appl. No. 15/003,336, 14 pages.Applicant
- US Office Action dated Jun. 16, 2017, from related U.S. Appl. No. 15/003,678, 15 pages.Applicant
- US Office Action dated Jun. 2, 2017, from related U.S. Appl. No. 15/476,636, 10 pages.Applicant
- US Office Action dated Mar. 1, 2017, from related U.S. Appl. No. 15/003,634, 7 pages.Applicant
- US Office Action dated May 22, 2017, from related U.S. Appl. No. 15/003,206, 12 pages.Applicant
- Wells, et al. “Assessing graphene nanopores for sequencing DNA.” Nano letters 12.8 (Jul. 10, 2012): 4117-4123.Applicant
- Wroble, “Performance Analysis of Magnetic Indoor Local Positioning System.” Western Michigan University Master's Theses, Paper 609 (Jun. 2015), 42 pages.Applicant
- Vvysocki et al., “Modified Walsh-Hadamard sequences for DS CDMA wireless systems.” Int. J. Adaptive Control and Signal Processing 16(8): 589-602 (Oct. 2002; first published online Sep. 23, 2002), 25 pages.Applicant
- Bucher et al, “High Resolution Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Using Solid-State Spins”, May 25, 2017, downloaded from https://arxiv.org/(arXiv.org >quant-ph >arXiv:1705.08887) on May 25, 2017, pp. 1-24.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Jul. 14, 2017, from related PCT application PCT/US2017/022118, 13 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Jul. 17, 2017, from related PCT application PCT/US2017/024177, 11 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Jul. 18, 2017, from related PCT application PCT/US2017/024167, 11 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Jul. 18, 2017, from related PCT application PCT/US2017/024173, 13 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Jul. 19, 2017, from related PCT application PCT/US2017/024171, 12 pages.Applicant
- US Notice of Allowance dated Aug. 11, 2017 from related U.S. Appl. No. 15/003,558, 5 pages.Applicant
- US Notice of Allowance dated Jul. 18, 2017 from related U.S. Appl. No. 15/003,634, 6 pages.Applicant
- US Notice of Allowance dated Jul. 24, 2017 from related U.S. Appl. No. 15/003,088, 12 pages.Applicant
- US Office Action dated Aug. 15, 2017 from related U.S. Appl. No. 15/003,281, 12 pages.Applicant
- US Office Action dated Jul. 27, 2017 from related U.S. Appl. No. 15/003,577, 15 pages.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion from related PCT application PCT/US2017/035315 dated Aug. 24, 2017, 7 pages.Applicant
- Ramsey, et al., “Phase Shifts in the Molecular Beam Method of Separated Oscillating Fields”, Physical Review, vol. 84, No. 3, Nov. 1, 1951, pp. 506-507.Applicant
- US Notice of Allowance on U.S. Appl. No. 14/676,740 dated Sep. 1, 2017, 7 pages.Applicant
- US Notice of Allowance on U.S. Appl. No. 15/003,206 dated Sep. 18, 2017, 11 pages.Applicant
- US Notice of Allowance on U.S. Appl. No. 15/003,281 dated Sep. 26, 2017, 7 pages.Applicant
- US Notice of Allowance on U.S. Appl. No. 15/476,636 dated Sep. 14, 2017, 10 pages.Applicant
- US Office Action on U.S. Appl. No. 15/003,176 dated Sep. 27, 2017, 8 pages.Applicant
- US Office Action on U.S. Appl. No. 15/003,292 dated Sep. 8, 2017, 8 pages.Applicant