Surgical fastener applying apparatus

[0001] 1. Technical Field

[0002] The present disclosure relates to surgical fastener applying apparatus and more particularly to surgical fastener apparatus that employs a fastener forming mechanism that includes a linkage system for sequentially applying a plurality of surgical fasteners to body tissue.

[0003] 2. Background of the Related Art

[0004] Commercially available surgical fastener applying apparatuses wherein tissue is first grasped or clamped between opposing jaw structures and then joined by means of surgical fasteners are well known in the art. The fasteners are typically in the form of surgical staples however, other surgical fasteners may also be utilized, for example, clips or two part polymeric surgical fasteners.

[0005] To form the surgical fasteners, manufacturers typically employ an actuation mechanism that includes or is in operative communication with a wedge shaped sled that moves axially towards a distal end of a loading unit associated with the surgical fastener applying apparatus. The loading unit may be a disposable loading unit (DLU) or a single use loading unit (SULU). Additionally, the loading unit may be of the straight or curved type. Typically, the sled engages a corresponding pusher that moves orthogonally relative to an axis defined by the loading unit of. The pushers are configured to drive a corresponding staple through tissue and against a receiving pocket of an anvil associated with the surgical fastener applying apparatus to form the staple and close tissue. In this instance, the staples are fired sequentially, thus, minimizing the firing force and the size of a distal end of the surgical fastener applying apparatus. Accordingly, surgical fastener applying apparatuses of this type are well suited for use in laparoscopic procedures.

[0006] Costs associated with the manufacturing process of the above-referenced actuation mechanism and sleds associated therewith are relatively high due to design constraints associated with the sled and/or a driving mechanism employed to move the sled. Additionally, because the size of the loading unit is proportionate to the size of the sled and/or driving mechanism, the loading unit is typically larger than would be desired. Accordingly, it may prove useful to minimize the size of the loading unit while maximizing a mechanical advantage at the end of forming a staple.

[0007] The present disclosure relates a surgical fastener cartridge. The surgical fastener cartridge includes a cartridge body including a tissue contacting surface. The tissue contacting surface includes a plurality of fastener retention slots. A plurality of surgical fasteners is operatively disposed in the plurality of fastener retention slots. An actuation mechanism is housed within the cartridge body. The actuation mechanism includes a plurality of pushers operably associated with the plurality of surgical fasteners. Each pusher may be configured for ejecting an associated surgical fastener towards a depression in an anvil. The actuation mechanism includes an internal channel housing defined by and operably disposed within the cartridge body. The actuation mechanism includes a plurality of pivotably connected link assemblies. Each link assembly is releasably engaged with a corresponding bottom surface associated with each the pushers and a corresponding top surface associated with the internal channel housing. Each link assembly is operably coupled to one another via an activation structure for transitioning each of the link assemblies, wherein the plurality of pivotably connected link assemblies are transitionable from an initial position where each of the link assemblies are engaged with the corresponding bottom surface associated with each of the pushers and the corresponding top surface associated with the internal channel housing. Each of the link assemblies is transitionable through a subsequent position where each of the link assemblies is configured to cause the corresponding pusher to contact and, subsequently, eject the associated surgical fastener towards the depression in the anvil, and to a final position where each of the link assemblies are disengaged from the bottom and top surfaces of the pusher and internal channel housing, respectively.

[0008] In embodiments, the activation structure may be adapted to operatively connect to a drive assembly associated with a surgical fastening apparatus.

[0009] In embodiments, the tissue contacting surface may include a knife slot configured to accommodate longitudinal movement of a cutting element.

[0010] In embodiments, each of the pushers and corresponding top surface associated with the internal channel housing may include a generally arcuate portion configured to releasable engage respective proximal ends of the first and second link members.

[0011] In embodiments, the generally arcuate portion associated with each of the pushers may be disposed near the center of the pushers and is in vertical registration with a corresponding generally arcuate portion of the top surface of the internal housing.

[0012] In embodiments, the activation structure may be configured to move the each of the link assemblies when the activation structure is pulled proximally.

[0013] In embodiments, the activation structure for transitioning each of the link assemblies may include a cable including a plurality of cable segments between each of the link assemblies, wherein each cable segment includes a amount of slack.

[0014] In embodiments, each of the cable segments of the cable is operably coupled to a corresponding distal end of the first and second links.

[0015] In embodiments, the amount of slack of each cable segment increases from a proximal most cable segment to a distal most cable segment, the amount of slack configured to facilitate sequential ejection of the surgical fasteners.

[0016] In embodiments, each of the link assemblies includes at least two link members including a first link having a proximal end releasably engaged with a corresponding bottom surface associated with each of the pushers and a second link having a proximal end releasably engaged with a corresponding top surface associated with the internal channel housing. Each of the first and second links including distal ends pivotably coupled to each other.

[0017] In embodiments, each of the first and second links of the link assemblies may be disposed in a generally oblique relation relative to each other.

[0018] In an alternative embodiment, the actuation mechanism includes a plurality of pivotably connected link members. Each of the plurality of link members is operably engaged with a corresponding bottom surface associated with each the pushers and the internal channel housing. A drive rod is configured for longitudinal movement within the cartridge body and configured to sequentially contact at least a portion of each of the link members when the drive rod is moved distally through the cartridge body such that the link members cause the corresponding pusher to contact and, subsequently, eject the associated surgical fastener towards the depression in the anvil.

[0019] In embodiments, the at least a portion of each of the link members that contacts the drive rod is a lower portion of the proximal end of the first link.

[0020] In embodiments, the lower portion of the proximal end of the first link member extends in a generally orthogonal relation with respect to the longitudinal axis defined through the cartridge body.

[0021] In embodiments, the first and second link members are offset from each other.

[0022] In embodiments, each of the link members may be configured such that during distal translation of the drive rod through the cartridge body, each of the lower portions of the link members is caused to move from an initial position wherein the lower portion of the link member is distal relative to a distal end of the drive rod and inside the path of translation of the drive rod to a final position wherein the lower portion of the first link member is proximal relative to a distal end of the drive rod and outside the path of translation of the drive rod.

[0023] In embodiments, the drive rod may be configured to slide under the lower portion of the first link member when the lower portion is in the final position.

[0024] In embodiments, the drive rod may be flexible and/or elastic.

[0034] Various exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed surgical fastener cartridge will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings wherein like references numerals identify similar or identical elements. In the drawings and in the description which follows, the term “proximal” will refer to the end of the component that is closer to the operator during use, while the term “distal” will refer to the end of the component that is further from the operator, as is traditional and conventional in the art. In addition, the term “surgical fastener” should be understood to include any structure formed of a biocompatible material that is suitable for the intended purpose of joining tissue together, including but not being limited to surgical staples, clips, and the like.

[0035] With reference to FIG. 1, a linear surgical fastener applying apparatus 1000 that employs a surgical fastener cartridge 100 is illustrated. Surgical fastener applying apparatus 1000 is used to sequentially apply a plurality of surgical fasteners to a patient's tissue. Surgical fastener apparatus 1000 may be configured for use, subsequent sterilization and reuse, or may be configured for single use. Surgical fastener applying apparatus 1000 includes a housing 1016 that includes a barrel portion 1018, a movable handle 1002, an elongated shaft 1004 (defining a longitudinal axis “A-A”) extending distally therefrom, and an operative tool 1006 coupled to a distal end 1008 of the elongated shaft 1004. In general, operative tool 1006 is adapted to clamp, sequentially fasten together, and sever adjacent tissue segments along a cut-line. Operative tool 1006 includes a pair of opposed jaws 1010, 1012 pivotally coupled with respect to one another and respectively including an anvil member 1014 and cartridge 100 that are approximated relative to one another during use. The anvil includes an anvil plate 90 having surgical fastener forming depressions 91 (FIG. 4A) that are aligned with, and/or are in vertical registration with slots 126 defined in the cartridge 100 (FIG. 3). The fasteners 130 emerge through the slots 126, to be driven against anvil plate 90, as seen in FIG. 4B, for example. For a more detailed discussion of the approximation and firing of surgical fastener applying apparatus 1000, reference is made to commonly owned U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,258,262 and 5,865,361 currently assigned to Tyco Healthcare Group LP, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. The operative tool 1006 may comprise a removable and replaceable loading unit for the apparatus 1000.

[0036] With reference to FIG. 2, surgical fastener applying apparatus 2000 is shown operably coupled to an operative tool 2006 configured for use with a surgical fastener cartridge 200. A distinguishing feature of the operative tool 2006 when compared to operative tool 1006 is its curved jaw members including an anvil and cartridge associated therewith. That is, operative tool 2006 includes a pair of opposed jaws 2010, 2012 that are each curved with respect to a longitudinal axis B-B, defined by elongated shaft 2004. As with the jaw members 1010, 1012 of operative tool 1006, jaws 2010, 2012 are pivotally coupled with respect to one another and respectively including an anvil member 2014 and cartridge 200 that are approximated relative to one another during use. The curved jaw members 2010, 2012 facilitate performing certain types of surgical procedures. For example, curved jaw members 2010, 2012, as compared to linear jaw members (such as the jaw members 1010. 1020 illustrated in FIG. 1), may help facilitate access to lower pelvis regions, e.g., during lower anterior resection (“LAR”). Additionally, the inclusion of curved jaw members 2010, 2012 may allow increased visualization to a surgical site and may also allow more room for a surgeon to manipulate target tissue or the jaw members 2010, 2012 themselves with his or her hand.

[0037] The structural and functional features of the cartridges 100 and 200 are substantially equivalent. Thus, for the purposes of brevity, and so as not to obscure the present disclosure with redundant information, the structural and functional features of cartridges 100 and 200 will be described hereinafter with reference to cai iidge 100. Cartridge 100 will be described in terms of use with the surgical fastener applying apparatus 1000 and the operative tool 1006 of FIG. 1. Unless otherwise noted, it is assumed that the description that follows herein applies equally to the cartridge 200 and operative tool 2006. The features unique to cartridge 200 and operative tool 2006 will be described hereinafter only to the extent necessary to facilitate understanding of the present disclosure.

[0038] With reference to FIG. 3-4D, and initially with reference to FIG. 3, cartridge 100 is shown. Cartridge 100 extends along the longitudinal axis “A-A” and includes a cartridge body 112 with a pair of opposed side walls 114, 116, a bottom wall 118, and a tissue contacting surface 120. The tissue contacting surface 120 includes a channel 122 that is configured to accommodate longitudinal movement of a knife (not shown), or other suitable cutting element, such that stapled tissue may be severed along a cut-line. The cartridge also defines longitudinally extending recesses that accommodate part of the surgical fastener forming mechanism and are discussed below. The tissue contacting surface 120 includes a plurality of fastener retention slots 126 that extend from the tissue contacting surface 120 into the cartridge and intersect with the longitudinally extending recesses. The fastener retention slots 126 are arranged in a plurality of rows 128 that extend substantially the length of the cartridge 100. As shown in FIG. 3, the fastener retention slots 126 are arranged into a pair of first (inner) rows 128_A that are spaced laterally from the channel 122 and on opposite sides thereof, a pair of second (middle) rows 128_B that are spaced laterally from the pair of first rows 128_A and on opposite sides of the channel 122, and a pair of third (outer) rows 128_C that are spaced laterally from the pair of second rows 128_B and on opposite sides of channel 122. While the cartridge 100 is depicted as including pairs of first, second, and third rows 128_A, 128_B, 128_C, respectively, it is within the purview of the present disclosure to have more or fewer rows of the fastener retention slots 126 disposed on cartridge 100. Each of the fastener retention slots 126 is configured to receive one of a plurality of surgical fasteners 130 and pushers 150 therein such that the surgical fasteners 130 are deployed in rows (e.g., inner, middle, and outer rows) on opposite sides of the cut-line created in the tissue during fastening. In embodiments, pushers 150 are at least partially disposed in the fastener retention slots 126.

[0039] Cartridge 200 (FIG. 2) includes substantially the same components as described above with respect to cartridge 100. A distinguishing feature between the cartridges 200 and 100 is that the cartridge 200 does not extend along the longitudinal axis “B-B” and, as a result thereof, the placement of above-referenced components within the cartridge 200 will be offset from the longitudinal axis “B-B.”

[0040] With reference to now to FIG. 4A, cartridge 100 includes an actuation mechanism 300. The actuation mechanism 300 of the present disclosure may be employed with both cartridges 100 or 200 and straight or curved operable tools 1006 and 2006, respectively. The actuation mechanism 300 is configured to sequentially eject a plurality of surgical fasteners 130 from the first, second, and third rows 128_A, 128_B, 128_C, respectively. With this purpose in mind, actuation mechanism 300 includes a plurality of pushers 150, a corresponding plurality of pivotably connected linkages or link assemblies 302 and an activation structure 350 for transitioning each of the link assemblies. More particularly, each of the pushers 150 and corresponding link assembly 302 is configured to eject a “set” of surgical fasteners 130 (see FIG. 5, with respect to a set of surgical fastener 130_a, for example), wherein a set of surgical fasteners 130 is defined as three adjacent surgical fasteners 130 extending laterally across the first, second, and third rows 128_A, 128₈, 128_c, respectively, to be described in more detail below.

[0041] Actuation mechanism 300 is operably housed within the cartridge body 112 and is configured to sequentially eject the plurality surgical fasteners 130 from the cartridge body 112 on opposite sides of the channel 122 and toward the anvil 90. To this end, an internal channel housing 160 is defined by and operably disposed within the cartridge body 112 on opposite sides of the channel 122. Channel housing 160 is operably disposed adjacent and grounded to a bottom portion of the cartridge body 112 and is in operative alignment with each of the first, second, and third rows 128_A, 128_B, 128_C, respectively, of the cartridge 100 for ejecting a corresponding set of surgical fasteners 130. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4D, the channel housing 160 extends along a length of the cartridge body 112 and includes a top surface 164 having a plurality of recesses or engagement surfaces 162 (see FIG. 4B, for example) that are disposed at predetermined locations along the top surface 164 of channel housing 160. The plurality of engagement surfaces 162 includes engagement surfaces 162_a, 162_b, and 162_c. Each of the engagement surfaces 162_a, 162_b, and 162_c includes a respective corresponding proximal end 166_a, 166_b, and 166_c having a generally arcuate configuration. This arcuate configuration facilitates pivotable movement of a corresponding link assembly 302 when the actuation mechanism 300 is activated. Each of the engagement surfaces 162_a, 162_b, and 162_c includes a corresponding distal end 168_a, 168_b, and 168_c that form part of a proximal end of an adjacent engagement surface. More particularly, a distal end 168_a forms part of proximal end 166_b, a distal end 168_b forms part of proximal end 166_c, and so on (see FIG. 4A, for example). In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4D, each of the engagement surfaces 162_a, 162_b, and 162_c is angled or slanted relative to the axis “A” Alternatively, each of the engagement surfaces 162_a, 162_b, and 162_c may be parallel to the axis “A”, i.e., not slanted. Each of the engagement surfaces 162_a, 162_b, and 162_c includes a respective break-away bridge 170 that is configured to pivotably and releasably retain a portion of a corresponding link assembly 302. More particularly, break-away bridge 170 operably couples to a pivot pin 172 that pivotably connects to a corresponding link assembly 302. In embodiments, each of the break-away bridges 170 may be monolithically formed with the top surface 164 of the channel housing 160 or a separate component attached by suitable means. In either instance, the break-away bridge 170 separates or otherwise releases the corresponding link assembly 302 from the top surface 164 of the channel housing 160, to be described in greater detail below.

[0042] With continued reference to FIG. 4A, actuation mechanism 300 includes a plurality of pushers 150 that are operably aligned with the plurality of engagement surfaces 162. So as not to obscure the present disclosure with redundant information, the actuation mechanism 300 is described in terms of use with three (3) pushers 150. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4D, pushers 150 include pushers 150_a, 150_b and 150_c. As noted above, pushers 150 are operably associated with a corresponding set of the surgical fasteners 130. More particularly, a pusher 150_a is operably associated with a set of surgical fasteners 130_b, a pusher 150_b is operably associated with a set of surgical fasteners 130_b, and a pusher 150_c is operably associated with a set of surgical fasteners 130_c. For the purposes of brevity, and unless otherwise noted, the operative features of pushers 150 and corresponding sets of surgical fasteners 130 is described hereinafter with reference to a pusher 150, and corresponding set of surgical fasteners 130_a.

[0043] Pusher 150_a is configured to eject the corresponding set of surgical fasteners 130_a towards a depression, e.g., a depression 91, in an anvil. With this purpose in mind, a pusher 150_a includes a surgical fastener contacting top surface 152, (see FIG. 5, for example) in vertical registration with the set of surgical fasteners 130_a. Top surface 152_a is dimensioned to contact each of the surgical fasteners 130 in the set of surgical fasteners 130_a. Thus, when pusher 150, is caused to move upward and contact a corresponding set of surgical fasteners 130_a, a surgical fastener 130 in the set of surgical fasteners 130, is ejected through a respective first, second, and third rows 128_A, 128_B, 128_C. Top surface 152_a includes a generally flat configuration that allows the surgical fasteners 130 in the set of surgical fasteners 130_a to form a staple line that is uniform, i.e., a hemostatic effect associated with each of the formed surgical fasteners 130 is uniform across the staple line. Alternatively, an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a top surface 152_a may include one or more protuberances or grooves 156 (FIG. 5) configured to vary a height of the top surface 152_a such that the surgical fasteners 130 in the set of surgical fasteners 130_a form a staple line that is non-uniform, i.e., a hemostatic effect associated with each of the formed surgical fasteners 130 is non-uniform across the staple line. For example, in the alternative embodiment, a surgical fastener formed closer to the channel 122 provides a greater hemostatic effect to stapled tissue than a surgical fastener formed further from the channel 122. For a more detailed description of varying surgical fastener and/or pusher configurations to achieve a desired hemostatic effect, reference is made to commonly-owned U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 12/410,850 and 12/427,794, the entire contents of each hereby incorporated by reference. Pusher 150_a includes a bottom engagement surface 154, (see FIGS. 4C and 4D). Engagement surface 154_a includes a proximal end 180, (see FIG. 4B), a median end 158, having a generally arcuate configuration (FIG. 4A), and a distal end 108a. As with the proximal end 166_a of engagement surface 162, of channel housing 160, this arcuate configuration facilitates pivotable movement of a corresponding link assembly 302 when the actuation mechanism 300 is activated. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4D, engagement surface 154_a is slanted relative to the axis “A”. Alternatively, the engagement surface 154, may be parallel to the axis “A”, i.e., not slanted. Engagement surface 154_a includes a respective break-away bridge 174 configured to pivotably and releasably retain a portion of a corresponding link assembly 302. More particularly, break-away bridge 174 operably couples to a pivot pin 176 that pivotably connects to a corresponding link assembly 302. In embodiments, each of the break-away bridges 174 may be monolithically formed with engagement surface 154, of pusher 150_a or a separate component attached by suitable means. In either instance, the break-away bridge 174 separates or otherwise releases the corresponding link assembly 302 from the engagement surface 154_a of pusher 150_a, to be described in greater detail below.

[0044] The actuation mechanism 300 includes a linkage system in the form of a plurality of pivotably connected link assemblies 302. Each of the link assemblies 302 engages a corresponding bottom surface associated with each of the pushers (e.g., engagement surface 154_a) and corresponding engagement surface associated with the internal channel housing (e.g., engagement surface 162_a). Each of the link assemblies 302 causes a corresponding pusher (e.g., pusher 150_a) to contact and, subsequently, eject the associated set of surgical fasteners (e.g., set of surgical fasteners 130_a) towards the depression 91 in the anvil 90 (FIGS. 4B and 4C). Each of the link assemblies 302 disengages from the engagement surfaces 154_a, 162_a of the pusher and internal channel housing, respectively (FIG. 4D). The plurality of pivotably connected link assemblies 302 are transitionable from an initial position (FIG. 4A) through a subsequent position (FIGS. 4B and 4C) to a final position (FIG. 4D).

[0045] In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4D, the plurality of link assemblies 302 includes three link assemblies 302_a, 302_b, and 302_c (for illustration only). Each of the link assemblies 302 includes at least two link arms (e.g., a first link arm 304_a and a second link arm 308_a). Each of link assemblies 302 is configured in a manner substantially similar to one another. For the purposes of brevity, and unless otherwise noted, the operative features of each of the link assemblies 302 is described hereinafter with reference to link assembly 302_a. Link assembly 302_a includes a first link arm 304_a having a proximal end 306_a releasably engaged with a corresponding engagement surface 154_a associated with the pusher 150_a and a second link arm 308_a having a proximal end 310_a releasably engaged with a corresponding engagement surface 162_a associated with the internal channel housing 160. Each of the first and second link arms, 304_a and 308_s, respectively, includes respective distal ends 312_a and 314_a pivotably coupled to each other. More particularly, in an embodiment, the distal ends 312_a and 314_a maybe coupled to each other to form a “living hinge” 178 therebetween (FIG. 4B) In an alternate embodiment, the distal ends 312_a and 314_a may be pivotably coupled to each other via a pivot pin, protrusion, or other suitable structure. The first and second link arms 304_a and 308_s extend from their respective distal ends 312, and 314_a toward their respective proximal ends 306a, 310a forming an angle α_s therebetween. Consequently, each of first and second link arms 304_a and 308_a is also angled with respect to an axis “C-C” defined through the cartridge 100 (FIG. 4A). Axis “C-C” extends parallel to the longitudinal axis “A”. The angle α_s may range from acute to more than 180°. In one particular embodiment, angle α_s ranges from about 0° to about 179°.

[0046] Each link assembly 302 is operably coupled to one another via an activation structure 350 for transitioning each of the link assemblies 302. Activation structure 350 is adapted to operatively connect to a drive mechanism (e.g. movable handle 1002 and operative components associated therewith) associated with a surgical fastening apparatus 1000. The activation structure may be any suitable activation structure known in the art. In embodiments, the activation structure 350 for transitioning each of the link assemblies is selected from the group consisting of cable, wire, chain, flexible band or other elastic member, and rope. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4D, the activation structure 350 is a pull cable 350 configured to transition each of the link assemblies 302 from the initial position to the final position when the cable 350 is “pulled” proximally. Thus, a “push” action that is typically employed with conventional surgical fastener applying apparatuses to move an associated conventional sled is replaced by this “pull” action that is independently disposed on each side of a DLU. This “pull” action minimizes firing forces and buckling of a driving mechanism. Cable 350 includes a plurality of cable segments 352 that includes cable segment 352_a, 352_b and 352_c operably disposed between each of the link assemblies 302. More particularly, a cable segment 352_a operably connects to link assembly 302_a and a drive mechanism associated with the surgical fastener apparatus 100a, a cable segment 352_b operably connects to link assembly 302_b and link assembly 302_a, a cable segment 352_c operably connects to link assembly 302_c and link assembly 302_b, and so on. Each of the cable segments 352 (e.g., cable segment 352_a of the cable 350) is operably coupled to corresponding distal ends (e.g., distal ends 312_a and 314_a of the link arms 304_a and 308_a, respectively). Cable segments 352 may be coupled to a link assembly 302 by any suitable methods. For example, in embodiments, cable segment 352 may be coupled to a link assembly 302 via an adhesive or the like. Other suitable structure(s) for coupling cable segment 352 to a link assembly 302 are contemplated. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4D, each cable segment 352 includes an amount of initial slack “S”. The amount of slack “S” is configured to facilitate sequential ejection of the surgical fasteners 130. More particularly, each cable segment 352 provides a predetermined time-delay from when one set of surgical fasteners 130 forms to the next. The amount of slack “S” may be varied to achieve desired time-delays. For example, in an embodiment, an amount of slack “S” associated with a cable segment increases from a proximal most cable segment, e.g., cable segment 352_a, to a distal most cable segment, e.g., cable segment 352_c. Alternatively, the amount of slack of each cable segment 352 may be uniform throughout the length of the cable 350. The specific slack “S” and/or time-delays associated with each of the cable segments 352 will depend on the contemplated uses of a manufacturer.

[0047] As noted above, both operable tools 1006 and 2006 including respective cartridges 100 and 200 may be configured for use with the firing mechanism 300. A distinctive feature of actuation mechanism 300 when used in the cartridge 200 as compared to cartridge 100 is a predetermined location of the actuation mechanism 300 (and operative components associated therewith) along a length of the cartridge 200. More particularly, in the instance where the cartridge 200 is employed with the operable tool 2006, the actuation mechanism 300 is operably positioned along a predetermined length of curvature of the cartridge 200. In any event, however, by implementing a firing mechanism 300 with the cartridges 100 and 200 and the respective operable tools 1006 and 2006, the need for a sled and/or a majority of operative components associated therewith is eliminated. The elimination of the sled and/or operative components associated therewith may prove advantageous during operation of the operable tools 1006 and 2006. More particularly, and as noted above, a “push” action that is typically employed with conventional surgical fastener applying apparatuses to move an associated conventional sled is replaced by a “pull” action that is independently disposed on each side of a DLU. This “pull” action minimizes firing forces and buckling of a driving mechanism. For example, the large firing force typically required for translating a sled through the operable tool 2006 is greatly reduced by the combination of link assemblies 302 and activation structure 350 of the present disclosure. More particularly, linkage system 302 of the actuation mechanism 300 may be operably disposed along a length of curvature of the operable tool 2006 thus reducing and/or eliminating the large firing forces required to “push” a sled along the same length. Moreover, the cost of manufacture associated with conventional cartridges (e.g., the multitude of individual components that require individual manufacture processes) is greatly reduced. That is, the links 302 including living hinge 178, break-away bridge, e.g., break-away bridge 170, and associated cable segments 352 of actuation mechanism 300 may be molded as one component (e.g., monolithically formed as a single component). This monolithic formation of the actuation mechanism 300 further facilitates in minimizing the size of conventional operable tools, e.g., operable tools 1006 and 2006.

[0048] In use, initially movable handle 1002 is in a distal position and each of the plurality of link assemblies 302, e.g., link assemblies 302_a, 302_b and 302_c, is in the position shown in FIG. 4A. More particularly, each of the respective proximal and distal ends of the link assemblies 302_a, 302_b and 302_c, is operatively engaged with the break-away bridges 170 of the bottom and top engagement surfaces of the pushers 150 and channel 160, respectively. When cable 350 is “pulled” (e.g., movable handle 1002 is moved proximally through a firing sequence) in the direction indicated by directional arrow “F”, cable segment 352_a causes link assembly 302_a to pivot about the arcuate surface 158_a of the pusher 150_a and arcuate surface of the proximal end 166, (FIG. 4B). As link assembly 302_a pivots, a corresponding pusher 150_a is forced vertically upward in the direction indicated by directional arrow “G” toward a corresponding surgical fastener 130_a (FIG. 4B). The amount of initial slack “S” between link assemblies 302_a and 302_b causes a time-delay before the link assembly 302_b is caused to pivot. More particularly, link assembly 302_b begins to pivot while the link assemblies 302 that are disposed distally relative to link assembly 302_a and link assembly 302_b e.g., link assembly 302, remain in an initial position. Once link assembly 302_a is in a vertical position (e.g., perpendicular to axes “A-A” and “C-C”) and the corresponding set of surgical fasteners 130_a are formed within a corresponding anvil pocket, the initial slack “S” between the link assemblies 302_a and 302_b is no longer present and the cable segment 352_b becomes taut (FIG. 4C). Additionally, when link assembly 302_a is in this vertical position, each of the sets of surgical fasteners 130, e.g., 130_b and 130_c is partially formed. In an embodiment, when the set of surgical fasteners 130_b is completely formed (i.e., link assembly 302₁, is in a vertical position) and the set of surgical fasteners 130_c is partially formed, the link assembly 302_a is caused to disengage from the break-away bridges 170 associated with the engagement surface 154_a of the pusher 150_a and engagement surface 162_a of the top surface 164 (FIG. 4D). The foregoing sequence of events is perpetuated throughout the plurality of link assemblies 302 and corresponding cable segments 352 as the cable 350 is “pulled” proximally, which, in turn causes a “wave” of sets of surgical fasteners 130 to form toward a distal end of the cartridge 100.

[0049] With reference to FIGS. 6A-6D, and initially with reference to FIG. 6A, an alternate embodiment of an actuation mechanism is shown designated 400. Actuation mechanism may be employed with both of the cartridges 100 and 200. As noted above, the structural and functional features of the cartridges 100 and 200 are substantially equivalent. Thus, for the purposes of brevity, and so as not to obscure the present disclosure with redundant information, the structural and functional features of cartridges 100 and 200 will be described hereinafter with reference to cartridge 100. Cartridge 100 will be described in terms of use with the surgical fastener applying apparatus 1000 and the operative tool 1006 of FIG. 1. Unless otherwise noted, it is assumed that the description that follows herein applies equally to the cartridge 200 and operative tool 2006. The features unique to cartridge 200 and operative tool 2006 will be described hereinafter only to the extent necessary to facilitate understanding of the present disclosure.

[0050] Actuation mechanism 400 may be operably housed within the cartridge body 112 and is configured to sequentially eject the plurality surgical fasteners 130 from the cartridge body 112 toward the anvil 90. To this end, in the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6D, the internal channel housing 160 may be defined by and operably disposed (e.g., grounded) within the cartridge body 112 on opposite sides of the channel 122. Channel housing 160 is operably disposed adjacent a bottom portion of the cartridge body 112. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6D, the channel housing 160 extends along a length of the cartridge body 112 and includes a top surface 564 having a plurality of pivots 562 disposed at predetermined locations along the top surface 564 of channel housing 160. Each of pivots 562 is in operative alignment with each of the first, second, and third rows 128_A, 128_B, 128_C, respectively, of the cartridge 100 for ejecting a corresponding set of surgical fasteners 130. The plurality of pivots 562 is configured to pivotably retain a portion of a corresponding linkage or link member 602. More particularly, pivots 562 include a pivot pin 172 that pivotably connects to a corresponding link member 602. In embodiments, each of the pivot points 562 may be monolithically formed with the top surface 564 of the channel housing 160 or a separate component attached by suitable structure.

[0051] With continued reference to FIG. 6A, actuation mechanism 400 includes a plurality of pushers 250. So as not to obscure the present disclosure with redundant information, the actuation mechanism 400 is described in terms of use with two (2) pushers 250. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6D, pushers 250 include pusher 250_a and 250_b. As described above with respect to pushers 150, pushers 250 are operably associated with a corresponding set of the surgical fasteners 130. More particularly, a pusher 250_a is operably associated with a set of surgical fasteners 130_a and a pusher 250_b is operably associated with a set of surgical fasteners 130_b. For the purposes of brevity, and unless otherwise noted, the operative features of pushers 250 and corresponding sets of surgical fasteners 130 is described hereinafter with reference to a pusher 250_a and corresponding set of surgical fasteners 130_a. Pusher 250_a is configured similarly to pusher 150_a. More particularly, pusher 250_a is configured to eject the corresponding set surgical fasteners 130_a towards a depression, e.g., a depression 91, in an anvil. With this purpose in mind, a pusher 250_a includes a surgical fastener contacting top surface 252_a in vertical registration with the set of surgical fasteners 130_a. Top surface 252_a is dimensioned to contact each of the surgical fasteners 130 in the set of surgical fasteners 130_a. Thus, when pusher 250_a is caused to move upward, a surgical fastener 130 in the set of surgical fasteners 130, is simultaneously ejected through a respective first, second, and third rows 128_A, 128_B, 128_C. Top surface 252_a includes a generally flat configuration that allows the surgical fasteners 130 in the set of surgical fasteners 130_a to form a staple line that is uniform, i.e., a hemostatic effect associated with each of the formed surgical fasteners 130 is uniform across the staple line. As with top surface 152, of pusher 152, top surface 252_a may include one or more protuberances or grooves 156 configured to vary a height of the top surface 252_a such that the surgical fasteners 130 in the set of surgical fasteners 130, form a staple line that is non-uniform, i.e., a hemostatic effect associated with each of the formed surgical fasteners 130 is non-uniform across the staple line. For example, in an alternative embodiment, a surgical fastener formed closer to the channel 122 provides a greater hemostatic effect to stapled tissue than a surgical fastener formed further from the channel 122.

[0052] Pusher 250_a includes a bottom surface 254_a that includes a pivot 256 located at a predetermined position along the bottom surface 254_a. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6D, pivot 256 is offset with respect to the pivot 562 positioned on the top surface 564. This configuration of a pivot 256 and pivot 562 that are offset with respect to each other facilities pivoting of the link member 602, which, in turn, facilitates ejecting a corresponding set of surgical fasteners 130. Alternatively, pivot 256 and pivot 562 may be disposed in vertical registration with respect to each other. Pivot 256 includes to a pivot pin 172 (FIG. 6B) that pivotably connects to a corresponding link member 602. In embodiments, each of the pivots 256 may be monolithically foil ied with the bottom surface 254_a of pusher 250_a or a separate component attached by suitable structure. In embodiments, the pivot 256 may be disposed within or operatively associated with an arcuate portion associated with the bottom surface 254_a, such as, for example, the arcuate portion located adjacent the proximal end 158_a of bottom surface 154_a.

[0053] The actuation mechanism 400 includes a plurality of pivotably connected link members 602. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6D, the plurality of link members 602 includes two link members 602_a and 602_b (see FIG. 6B, for example). Each of the link members 602 includes at least two link fingers 604. Each of link members 602 is configured in a manner substantially similar to one another. For the purposes of brevity, and unless otherwise noted, the operative features of each of the link members 602 is described hereinafter with reference to a link member 602_a. Link member 602_a includes a first link finger 604_a having a proximal end 606_a pivotably coupled to a proximal end 610_a of a second link finger 608_a. More particularly, a pivot pin 190 (or other suitable structure configured to provide a point of pivot) pivotably couples each of first and second link fingers 604_a and 608_a to one another. Each of the respective first and second link fingers, 604_a and 608_a includes a respective distal end 612_a and 614_a. Distal end 612, pivotably couples to pivot 256 of the pusher 250_a. Likewise, distal end 614_a pivotably couples to pivot 562 positioned on top surface 562_a. The first and second links 604_a and 608_s extend from their respective distal ends 612, and 614, toward their respective proximal ends 606a, 610a foilning an angle α_a-1 therebetween. Consequently, each of first and second link fingers 604_a and 608_a is also angled with respect to an axis “D-D” defined through the cartridge 100. The angle α_a-1 may range from acute to more than 180°. In one particular embodiment, angle α_a-1 ranges from about 0° to about 179°. First link finger 604_a and second link finger 608_a are laterally spaced apart or offset from each other and configured such that only the first link finger 604_a contacts the activation mechanism 750 when the activation mechanism is translated distally through the cartridge 100 (see FIG. 6C in conjunction with FIG. 7).

[0054] Link member 602_a includes a lower portion 616_a that extends from the proximal end 606_a of the first link finger 604_a (as best seen in FIG. 6E). Lower portion 616, is configured to operatively contact a portion of an activation structure 750 when the activation structure 750 is moved distally. More particularly, the lower portion 616, includes a generally flat contacting surface 618_a that is configured to contact a distal contacting surface 752 of the activation structure 750 (FIG. 6B). The flat surface 618_a is configured to provide a smooth pivotable transition for the link member 602_a when the activation structure 750 is moved distally through the cartridge 100. The lower portion 616, of the proximal end 606_a of the first link member 602_a may extend from the proximal end 606_a toward the top surface 564 of channel 160 at an angle θ that ranges from about 0° to over 180° (FIG. 6A). In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6D, the lower portion 616, extends from the proximal end 606_a at an angle θ that is with respect to the axis “D-D” and with respect to a plane “E-E” (FIG. 6B) that extends along the distal contacting surface 752 of the activation structure 750. Altering the angle between consecutive lower portions, e.g., between lower portion 616_a and a lower portion 616_b associated with link member 602_b, in combination with altering the contacting surface 618_a and/or bottom surface 254_a of pusher 250_a may facilitate in obtaining a specific time-delay or specific hemostatic effect to tissue between subsequent formations of the surgical fasteners 130. For example, the lower portion 616_a may extend in a manner as shown in FIGS. 6A-6D (i.e., at an angle that is ≈45°) and the lower portion 616_b may extend at an angle θ that is less than the angle associated with the lower portion 616_a. For example, the lower portion 616_b may extend at an angle that is ≈15°. In this instance, the distal contacting surface 752 of the activation structure 350 contacts the lower portion 616_b for a longer period of time, which, in turn, may provide greater compression to the pusher 250_a and/or a corresponding set of surgical fasteners 130_a.

[0055] Activation structure 750 for transitioning each of the link members 602 is adapted to operatively connect to a drive mechanism (e.g. movable handle 1002 and operative components associated therewith) associated with a surgical fastening apparatus 1000. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6D, the activation structure 750 is a flexible or elastic drive rod 750. Drive rod 750 may have any suitable shape including but not limited to flat, curved angled, etc. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6D, drive rod 750 includes a generally flat configuration having a generally rectangular shape and includes proximal and distal ends 754 and 756, respectively. In one particular embodiment, drive rod 750 may include a generally curved configuration having a generally circular shape, as best seen in FIG. 6E. Drive rod includes a height “H” that is less than the height of the power portion 616, (FIG. 6A). Proximal end 754 operatively couples to the drive mechanism of the surgical fastener applying apparatus 1000. As noted above, drive rod 750 includes distal contacting surface 752. Contacting surface 752 is located adjacent distal end 756 and includes a generally flat configuration. Alternatively, contacting surface 752 may include an arcuate, curved or slanted configuration. During a firing sequence of the surgical fastener applying apparatus 1000, drive rod 750 is translated distally through the cartridge 100 and sequentially contacts a respective lower portion, e.g., lower portion 616_a of each of the link members 602. With this purpose in mind, the drive rod 750 is offset from each of the second link fingers, e.g., second link finger 608_a, associated with each of the link members 602 and is in-line with each of the first link fingers, e.g., first link finger 604_a, of the link members 602, such that during distal translation of the drive rod 750 through the cartridge body 100, each of the lower portions, e.g., lower portion 616_a, of the first link, e.g., first link finger 604_a is caused to move from an initial position, wherein the lower portion 616_a of the first link finger 604_a is distal relative to the distal end 756 of the drive rod 750 and inside the path of translation of the drive rod 750 to a final position wherein the lower portion 616, of the first link finger 604_a is proximal relative to the distal end 756 of the drive rod 750 and outside the path of translation of the drive rod 750.

[0056] As noted above, both operable tools 1006 and 2006 including respective cartridges 100 and 200 may be configured for use with the firing mechanism 400. A distinctive feature of actuation mechanism 400 when used in the cartridge 200 as compared to cartridge 100 is a predetermined location of the actuation mechanism 400 (and operative components associated therewith) along a length of the cartridge 200. More particularly, in the instance where the cartridge 200 is employed with the operable tool 2006, the actuation mechanism 400 is operably positioned along a predetermined length of curvature of the cartridge 200. In any event, however, by implementing a firing mechanism 400 with the cartridges 100 and 200 and the respective operable tools 1006 and 2006, the need for a sled and/or a majority of operative components associated therewith is eliminated. The elimination of the sled and/or operative components associated therewith may prove advantageous during operation of the operable tools 1006 and 2006. More particularly, by replacing the sled with an elastic drive rod 750 and set of links minimizes firing forces and buckling of a driving mechanism. For example, the large firing force typically required for translating a sled through the operable tool 2006 is greatly reduced by the combination of link members 602 and elastic drive rod 750 of the present disclosure. More particularly, link members 602 of the actuation mechanism 400 may be operably disposed along a length of curvature of the operable tool 2006 thus reducing and/or eliminating the large firing forces required to “push” a sled along the same length. Moreover, the cost of manufacture associated with conventional cartridges (e.g., the multitude of individual components that require individual manufacture processes) is greatly reduced. That is, the link members 602 of actuation mechanism 300 may be molded as one component (e.g., monolithically formed as a single component). This monolithic formation of the actuation mechanism 400 further facilitates in minimizing the size of conventional operable tools, e.g., operable tools 1006 and 2006.

[0057] In use, initially movable handle 1002 is in a distal position and each of the plurality of link members 602, e.g., each of link members 602_a and 602_b is in the position shown in FIG. 6A. As drive rod 750 translates distally through the cartridge 100 (e.g., movable handle 1002 is moved proximally through a firing sequence) in the direction indicated by directional arrow “I” (see FIGS. 6A and 6E), contacting surface 752 contacts surface 618_a of the first link finger 604_a (FIG. 6B). As first link finger 604_a pivots, a corresponding pusher 150_a is forced vertically upward in the direction indicated by directional arrow “J” toward a corresponding set of surgical fasteners 130_a. Once the pusher 130, is in vertical most position and the corresponding set of surgical fasteners 130, are formed within a corresponding anvil pocket, the drive rod 750 slides under the lower portion 616_a of the first link finger 604_a and continues distally thought the cartridge 100 (FIG. 6C). The foregoing sequence of events is perpetuated throughout the plurality of link members 602 as the drive rod 750 is translated distally, which, in turn causes a “wave” of sets of surgical fasteners 130 to form toward a distal end of the cartridge 100 until all the remaining sets of surgical fasteners are formed.

[0058] From the foregoing and with reference to the various figure drawings, those skilled in the art will appreciate that certain modifications can also be made to the present disclosure without departing from the scope of the same. For example, it is contemplated that any of the aforementioned link assemblies, e.g., link assembly 302, may be manufactured via nanofabrication processes.

[0059] Although the illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure have been described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, the above description, disclosure, and figures should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplary of various embodiments.