High selectivity BPSG to TEOS etchant

[0001] This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/358,940, filed Jul. 22, 1999, now abandoned, which is a divisional of application Ser. No. 09/056,323, filed Apr. 7, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,232,232, issued May 15, 2001.

[0002] 1. Field of the Invention

[0003] The present invention relates to etchant formulations for semiconductor device production. More particularly, the present invention relates to an etchant formulation with high selectivity between BPSG and TEOS and methods for use of the formulation.

[0004] 2. State of the Art

[0005] Etching is a process for removing material in a specific area through a wet (liquid) or dry (gaseous/vapor) chemical reaction, or by physical removal (such as by sputter etch, in which the specific area is bombarded with radio frequency-excited ions to knock atoms from the specific area). Etching is used in a variety of applications in the fabrication of semiconductor devices. For illustration purposes, vapor etching of bit line openings for a DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) will be discussed.

[0006] A widely-utilized DRAM manufacturing process utilizes CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) technology to produce DRAM circuits which circuits, comprise an array of unit memory cells, each typically including one capacitor and one transistor, such as a field effect transistor (“FET”). In the most common circuit designs, one side of the transistor is connected to one side of the capacitor, the other side of the transistor and the transistor gate are connected to external circuit lines called the bit line and the word line, and the other side of the capacitor is connected to a reference voltage that is typically one-half the internal circuit voltage. In such memory cells, an electrical signal charge is stored in a storage node of the capacitor connected to the transistor which charges and discharges the circuit lines of the capacitor.

[0007] It is known that hydrofluoric acid can be used as an etchant and is selective for BPSG to TEOS. In fact, the selectivity for BPSG to TEOS with hydrofluoric acid alone can be as high as 1000:1 in vapor etch and as low as less than 10:1 for dilute hydrofluoric acid solutions. However, there are some disadvantages associated with vapor etch such as high particle counts and low productivity. Consequently, a wet etchant which could perform the role of high selective vapor would be advantageous.

[0008] Therefore, it would be desirable to develop an etchant and a method of use which would eliminate the risk of damaging the surface of the semiconductor substrate without having to use an etch stop layer.

[0009] The present invention relates to an organic acid/fluoride-containing solution etchant formulation having high selectivity for BPSG to TEOS and methods for its use in the production of semiconductor devices.

[0010] It has been found that the addition of an organic acid (such as acetic acid, formic acid, and oxalic acid) to a fluoride-containing solution (such as hydrofluoric acid and ammonium fluoride) dramatically increases selectivity of BPSG to TEOS without the above-mentioned disadvantages. As mentioned above, most applications with both BPSG and TEOS layers involve using the TEOS layer to prevent contamination of other components in a semiconductor device by the boron and phosphorous in the BPSG. Thus, a typical application consists of a layer of TEOS deposited over the semiconductor device components which require protection and a layer of BPSG applied over the TEOS layer. The etchant of the present invention may be used to etch desired areas in the BPSG layer. The high selectivity for BPSG to TEOS of etchant of the present invention would result in the TEOS layer acting as an etch stop. A second etch may be utilized to etch the TEOS layer. The etchant for the second etch can be less aggressive and, thus, not damage the components underlying the TEOS layer.

[0013] As previously discussed, hydrofluoric acid is a known etchant for etching BPSG and TEOS. However, it has been found that the addition of an organic acid (such as acetic acid, formic acid, and oxalic acid) to a fluoride-containing solution (such as hydrofluoric acid and ammonium fluoride (preferably 40% NH₄F in water)) dramatically increases selectivity of BPSG to TEOS. Most preferably, the etchant comprises an acetic acid/hydrofluoric acid mixture.

[0014] Etchants were formulated from glacial acetic acid (99.7% by weight in water) and hydrofluoric acid (49% by weight in water). The results (etch rate, selectivity and uniformity) of various etchant formulations are presented in Table 1, as follows:

[0015]

TABLE 1
Etchant	Etching rate	Etching rate	BPSG	Selective
(vol. ratio glacial	through	through	Standard	ratio
acetic acid to	TEOS	BPSG	Deviation	(BPSG/
49% HF)	(Å/min)	(Å/min)	(%)	TEOS)
200:1	2.2	59	0	27
100:1	4.6	193	2.4	42
50:1	11.6	638	13.7	55

[0016] As it can be seen from Table 1, the selectivity and uniformity increased with increasing hydrofluoric acid concentration. The preferred etchant to obtain high selectivity and good uniformity is 100:1 volume ratio of 99.7% glacial acetic acid to 49% hydrofluoric acid. However, it is believed that etchant ratios ranging from 1:1 to 500:1 will achieve adequate selectivity.

[0017] FIGS. 1-5 illustrate a technique for utilizing an etchant of the present invention in the formation of an opening in a BPSG layer. FIG. 1 illustrates an intermediate structure 100 comprising a substrate 102 having a first side 104 with a first barrier layer 106 of TEOS applied thereover. A second barrier layer 108 of BPSG is deposited over the first TEOS barrier layer 106.

[0018] A nitride layer 110 is patterned over the second barrier layer 108 of BPSG and has at least one opening 112, as shown in FIG. 2. The second barrier layer 108 of BPSG is etched with an etchant of the present invention to form a partial opening 114. Since the etchant of the present invention is selective to BPSG, the etch effectively ceases at the first barrier layer 106 of TEOS, as shown in FIG. 3. The first barrier layer 106 of TEOS is then etched with a less aggressive etchant, such as a TMAH/hydrofluoric acid mixture or a 35-40% by weight ammonium fluoride/4-6% by weight phosphoric acid solution in water, which is less damaging to the substrate 102, to form a full opening 120, as shown in FIG. 4. The nitride layer 110 is stripped, as shown in FIG. 5.

[0019] It is, of course, understood that the etchant of the present invention can be utilized in any etching situation where selectivity of BPSG to TEOS barrier layers is desired, such as contact openings, container etching, and the like. Furthermore, the etchant of the present invention can be utilized in processes, such as a double side container process, wherein no masking step is required.

[0020] Having thus described in detail preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention defined by the appended claims is not to be limited by particular details set forth in the above description as many apparent variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit or scope thereof.