Surgical instrument with integral knife blade

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/551,876, filed Oct. 26, 2011, the entirety of which is incorporated by reference herein.

[0002] Minimally invasive surgical techniques are aimed at reducing the amount of extraneous tissue that is damaged during diagnostic or surgical procedures, thereby reducing patient recovery time, discomfort, and deleterious side effects. As a consequence, the average length of a hospital stay for standard surgery may be shortened significantly using minimally invasive surgical techniques. Also, patient recovery times, patient discomfort, surgical side effects, and time away from work may also be reduced with minimally invasive surgery.

[0003] A common form of minimally invasive surgery is endoscopy, and a common form of endoscopy is laparoscopy, which is minimally invasive inspection and surgery inside the abdominal cavity. In standard laparoscopic surgery, a patient's abdomen is insufflated with gas, and cannula sleeves are passed through small (approximately one-half inch or less) incisions to provide entry ports for laparoscopic instruments.

[0004] Laparoscopic surgical instruments generally include an endoscope (e.g., laparoscope) for viewing the surgical field and tools for working at the surgical site. The working tools are typically similar to those used in conventional (open) surgery, except that the working end or end effector of each tool is separated from its handle by an extension tube (also known as, e.g., an instrument shaft or a main shaft). The end effector can include, for example, a clamp, grasper, scissor, stapler, cautery tool, linear cutter, or needle holder.

[0005] To perform surgical procedures, the surgeon passes working tools through cannula sleeves to an internal surgical site and manipulates them from outside the abdomen. The surgeon views the procedure from a monitor that displays an image of the surgical site taken from the endoscope. Similar endoscopic techniques are employed in, for example, arthroscopy, retroperitoneoscopy, pelviscopy, nephroscopy, cystoscopy, cisternoscopy, sinoscopy, hysteroscopy, urethroscopy, and the like.

[0006] Minimally invasive telesurgical robotic systems are being developed to increase a surgeon's dexterity when working on an internal surgical site, as well as to allow a surgeon to operate on a patient from a remote location (outside the sterile field). In a telesurgery system, the surgeon is often provided with an image of the surgical site at a control console. While viewing a three dimensional image of the surgical site on a suitable viewer or display, the surgeon performs the surgical procedures on the patient by manipulating master input or control devices of the control console. Each of the master input devices controls the motion of a servo-mechanically actuated/articulated surgical instrument. During the surgical procedure, the telesurgical system can provide mechanical actuation and control of a variety of surgical instruments or tools having end effectors that perform various functions for the surgeon, for example, holding or driving a needle, grasping a blood vessel, dissecting tissue, or the like, in response to manipulation of the master input devices.

[0007] Manipulation and control of these end effectors is a particularly beneficial aspect of robotic surgical systems. For this reason, it is desirable to provide surgical tools that include mechanisms that provide three degrees of rotational movement of an end effector to mimic the natural action of a surgeon's wrist. Such mechanisms should be appropriately sized for use in a minimally invasive procedure and relatively simple in design to reduce possible points of failure. In addition, such mechanisms should provide an adequate range of motion to allow the end effector to be manipulated in a wide variety of positions.

[0008] Surgical clamping and cutting instruments (e.g., non-robotic linear clamping, stapling, and cutting devices, also known as surgical staplers; and electrosurgical vessel sealing devices) have been employed in many different surgical procedures. For example, a surgical stapler can be used to resect a cancerous or anomalous tissue from a gastro-intestinal tract. Many known surgical clamping and cutting instruments, including known surgical staplers, have opposing jaws that clamp tissue and an articulated knife to cut the clamped tissue.

[0009] Surgical clamping and cutting instruments are often deployed into restrictive body cavities (e.g., through a cannula to inside the pelvis). Accordingly, it is desirable for a surgical clamping and cutting instrument to be both compact and maneuverable for best access to and visibility of the surgical site. Known surgical clamping and cutting instruments, however, may fail to be both compact and maneuverable. For example, known surgical staplers may lack maneuverability with respect to multiple degrees of freedom (e.g., Roll, Pitch, and Yaw) and associated desired ranges of motion. Typically, known surgical staplers have a smaller range of Pitch motion than desirable and no Yaw motion.

[0010] Additionally, surgical clamping and cutting instruments can sometimes fail to fully actuate (e.g., due to a hard obstacle blocking the knife path). In such an event, it is desirable that the knife blade not be in a position that may represent a hazard with respect to removal of the surgical instrument from the surgical site. Known surgical clamping and cutting instruments, however, may fail to avoid the potential knife hazard and at the same time be compact and maneuverable.

[0011] Thus, there is believed to be a need for improved surgical clamping and cutting instruments and related methods. Such surgical clamping and cutting instruments should be compact and maneuverable, and employ a knife that does not represent a hazard with respect to removal of the surgical instrument from the surgical site when the surgical instrument fails to fully actuate.

[0012] Improved surgical clamping and cutting instruments (e.g., surgical staplers, and electrosurgical vessel sealing devices) and related methods are disclosed. Surgical clamping and cutting instruments described herein employ a proximal to distal knife movement, thereby orienting the knife to greatly reduce the likelihood of unintentionally cutting tissue while removing the surgical instrument from the surgical site in the event that the surgical instrument fails to fully actuate. Surgical clamping and cutting instruments described herein locate the knife and associated drive mechanism distal to the wrist of the surgical instrument, thereby permitting the use of a high motion wrist to provide high maneuverability. And surgical clamping and cutting instruments described herein employ relative movement between the drive mechanism and the knife, thereby reducing the length of the surgical instrument.

[0013] Thus, in one aspect, a method of articulating a cutting blade in a surgical instrument is disclosed. The method includes supporting a knife member having a cutting blade within a housing of the surgical instrument. The housing has a proximal end and a distal end. The cutting blade is configured to cut when the knife member is moved distally. A drive member is moved distally through a first movement from a first position to a second position. The knife member is coupled with the housing during the first movement of the drive member, thereby restraining the knife member from moving distally. The drive member is used to drive the knife member distally during a second distal movement of the drive member from the second position to a third position.

[0014] The knife member can be restrained from moving distally throughout a movement of the drive member distally. For example, the knife member can be restrained from moving distally throughout an approximate 4 mm movement of the drive member distally.

[0015] In many embodiments, the act of coupling the knife member with the housing includes using the drive member to secure engagement between the knife member and the housing. For example, the drive member can be interfaced with the knife member to secure engagement between the knife member and the housing. In many embodiments, the knife member includes a first protrusion that interfaces with the drive member and a receptacle of the housing to restrain the knife member during the first movement of the drive member from moving distally. The knife member can be rotated to remove the first protrusion from the housing receptacle. The first protrusion can be received within a receptacle of the drive member. And the first protrusion can be accommodated in the drive member receptacle during the second movement of the drive member.

[0016] In many embodiments, the knife member includes a drive feature that does not interface with the drive member during the first movement of the drive member and interfaces with the drive member during the second movement of the drive member. In many embodiments, the knife drive feature includes a second protrusion.

[0017] In many embodiments, the knife member is rotated near the end of the actuation stroke to lower the cutting blade into the housing. For example, the knife member can be driven along a cam surface thereby raising a distal end of the knife member and lowering the cutting blade into the housing.

[0018] In many embodiments, the drive member is used to provide additional functionality. For example, the method can include using the drive member to deploy staples during the second movement of the drive member.

[0019] In another aspect, a surgical instrument is disclosed. The surgical instrument includes an elongated shaft having a shaft distal end and a shaft proximal end, an end effector coupled to the shaft distal end and including opposed jaws, a housing included in one of the jaws, a knife member, and a drive member. The housing includes a housing proximal end, a housing distal end, an upper surface extending between the housing proximal and distal ends, a central cavity extending between the housing proximal and distal ends, and a longitudinal slot extending through the upper surface. The knife member is supported within the housing for movement distally. The knife member has a cutting blade configured to cut when the knife member is moved distally. The drive member is slidably mounted in the housing for movement distally. The knife member is coupled with the housing during a first movement of the drive member distally from a first position to a second position to restrain the knife from moving distally. The knife member is driven distally by the drive member during a second movement of the drive member distally from the second position to a third position.

[0020] The knife member of the surgical instrument can be restrained from moving distally through the first movement of the drive member distally. For example, the knife member can be restrained from moving distally throughout an approximate 4 mm movement of the drive member distally.

[0021] In many embodiments, the drive member is used to secure engagement between the knife member and the housing during the first movement of the drive member to restrain the knife member from moving distally. For example, the drive member can be interfaced with the knife member to secure engagement between the knife member and the housing. In many embodiments, the knife member includes a first protrusion that interfaces with the drive member and a receptacle of the housing to restrain the knife member during the first movement of the drive member from moving distally. The knife member can be rotated to remove the first protrusion from the housing receptacle. The first protrusion can be received within a receptacle of the drive member. And the first protrusion can be accommodated in the drive member receptacle during the second movement of the drive member.

[0022] In many embodiments, the knife member includes a drive feature that does not interface with the drive member during the first movement of the drive member and interfaces with the drive member during the second movement of the drive member. In many embodiments, the knife drive feature includes a second protrusion.

[0023] In many embodiments, the knife member is rotated near the end of the actuation stroke to lower the cutting blade into the housing. For example, the housing can include a cam surface configured to interface with the knife member to raise a distal end of the knife member to lower the cutting blade into the housing as the drive member is moved distally through a third movement from the third position to a fourth position.

[0024] In many embodiments, the surgical instrument is configured to perform an additional function. For example, the housing can include a plurality of staple openings extending between the upper surface and the central cavity. The surgical instrument can further include a plurality of staples disposed in the staple openings. Each of the staples can be deployed in response to a movement of the drive member distally.

[0025] In another aspect, a demountably attachable cartridge of a surgical instrument is disclosed. The cartridge includes a housing demountably attachable to an end effector of the surgical instrument, a lead screw coupled with the housing for rotation relative to the housing, a rotary input rotationally coupled with the lead screw, a knife member, and a drive member mounted in the housing and coupled with the lead screw for movement along the lead screw in response to rotation of the lead screw. The housing includes a proximal end, a distal end, an upper surface extending between the proximal and distal ends, a central cavity between the housing proximal and distal ends, and a longitudinal slot extending through the upper surface. The rotary input is configured to couple with a rotary output of the surgical instrument when the housing is attached to the end effector. The knife member is supported within the housing for movement distally. The knife member is coupled with the housing during a first movement of the drive member distally from a first position to a second position to restrain the knife from moving distally. The knife member is driven distally by the drive member during a second movement of the drive member distally from the second position to a third position.

[0026] In many embodiments, the cartridge is configured to perform an additional function. For example, the housing can include a plurality of staple openings extending between the upper surface and the central cavity. The cartridge can further include a plurality of staples disposed in the staple openings. Each of the staples can be deployed in response to a movement of the drive member distally.

[0027] For a fuller understanding of the nature and advantages of the present invention, reference should be made to the ensuing detailed description and accompanying drawings. Other aspects, objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the drawings and detailed description that follows.

[0063] In the following description, various embodiments of the present invention will be described. For purposes of explanation, specific configurations and details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will also be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without the specific details. Furthermore, well-known features may be omitted or simplified in order not to obscure the embodiment being described.

[0064] Minimally Invasive Robotic Surgery

[0065] Referring now to the drawings, in which like reference numerals represent like parts throughout the several views, FIG. 1 is a plan view illustration of a Minimally Invasive Robotic Surgical (MIRS) system 10, typically used for performing a minimally invasive diagnostic or surgical procedure on a Patient 12 who is lying down on an Operating table 14. The system can include a Surgeon's Console 16 for use by a Surgeon 18 during the procedure. One or more Assistants 20 may also participate in the procedure. The MIRS system 10 can further include a Patient Side Cart 22 (surgical robot) and an Electronics Cart 24. The Patient Side Cart 22 can manipulate at least one removably coupled tool assembly 26 (hereinafter simply referred to as a “tool”) through a minimally invasive incision in the body of the Patient 12 while the Surgeon 18 views the surgical site through the Console 16. An image of the surgical site can be obtained by an endoscope 28, such as a stereoscopic endoscope, which can be manipulated by the Patient Side Cart 22 to orient the endoscope 28. The Electronics Cart 24 can be used to process the images of the surgical site for subsequent display to the Surgeon 18 through the Surgeon's Console 16. The number of surgical tools 26 used at one time will generally depend on the diagnostic or surgical procedure and the space constraints within the operating room among other factors. If it is necessary to change one or more of the tools 26 being used during a procedure, an Assistant 20 may remove the tool 26 from the Patient Side Cart 22, and replace it with another tool 26 from a tray 30 in the operating room.

[0066] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the Surgeon's Console 16. The Surgeon's Console 16 includes a left eye display 32 and a right eye display 34 for presenting the Surgeon 18 with a coordinated stereo view of the surgical site that enables depth perception. The Console 16 further includes one or more input control devices 36, which in turn cause the Patient Side Cart 22 (shown in FIG. 1) to manipulate one or more tools. The input control devices 36 can provide the same degrees of freedom as their associated tools 26 (shown in FIG. 1) to provide the Surgeon with telepresence, or the perception that the input control devices 36 are integral with the tools 26 so that the Surgeon has a strong sense of directly controlling the tools 26. To this end, position, force, and tactile feedback sensors (not shown) may be employed to transmit position, force, and tactile sensations from the tools 26 back to the Surgeon's hands through the input control devices 36.

[0067] The Surgeon's Console 16 is usually located in the same room as the patient so that the Surgeon may directly monitor the procedure, be physically present if necessary, and speak to an Assistant directly rather than over the telephone or other communication medium. However, the Surgeon can be located in a different room, a completely different building, or other remote location from the Patient allowing for remote surgical procedures.

[0068] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the Electronics Cart 24. The Electronics Cart 24 can be coupled with the endoscope 28 and can include a processor to process captured images for subsequent display, such as to a Surgeon on the Surgeon's Console, or on another suitable display located locally and/or remotely. For example, where a stereoscopic endoscope is used, the Electronics Cart 24 can process the captured images to present the Surgeon with coordinated stereo images of the surgical site. Such coordination can include alignment between the opposing images and can include adjusting the stereo working distance of the stereoscopic endoscope. As another example, image processing can include the use of previously determined camera calibration parameters to compensate for imaging errors of the image capture device, such as optical aberrations.

[0069] FIG. 4 diagrammatically illustrates a robotic surgery system 50 (such as MIRS system 10 of FIG. 1). As discussed above, a Surgeon's Console 52 (such as Surgeon's Console 16 in FIG. 1) can be used by a Surgeon to control a Patient Side Cart (Surgical Robot) 54 (such as Patent Side Cart 22 in FIG. 1) during a minimally invasive procedure. The Patient Side Cart 54 can use an imaging device, such as a stereoscopic endoscope, to capture images of the procedure site and output the captured images to an Electronics Cart 56 (such as the Electronics Cart 24 in FIG. 1). As discussed above, the Electronics Cart 56 can process the captured images in a variety of ways prior to any subsequent display. For example, the Electronics Cart 56 can overlay the captured images with a virtual control interface prior to displaying the combined images to the Surgeon via the Surgeon's Console 52. The Patient Side Cart 54 can output the captured images for processing outside the Electronics Cart 56. For example, the Patient Side Cart 54 can output the captured images to a processor 58, which can be used to process the captured images. The images can also be processed by a combination the Electronics Cart 56 and the processor 58, which can be coupled together to process the captured images jointly, sequentially, and/or combinations thereof. One or more separate displays 60 can also be coupled with the processor 58 and/or the Electronics Cart 56 for local and/or remote display of images, such as images of the procedure site, or other related images.

[0070] FIGS. 5A and 5B show a Patient Side Cart 22 and a surgical tool 62, respectively. The surgical tool 62 is an example of the surgical tools 26. The Patient Side Cart 22 shown provides for the manipulation of three surgical tools 26 and an imaging device 28, such as a stereoscopic endoscope used for the capture of images of the site of the procedure. Manipulation is provided by robotic mechanisms having a number of robotic joints. The imaging device 28 and the surgical tools 26 can be positioned and manipulated through incisions in the patient so that a kinematic remote center is maintained at the incision to minimize the size of the incision. Images of the surgical site can include images of the distal ends of the surgical tools 26 when they are positioned within the field-of-view of the imaging device 28.

[0071] Tissue Gripping End Effectors

[0072] FIG. 6 shows a surgical tool 70 that includes a proximal chassis 72, an instrument shaft 74, and a distal end effector 76 having a jaw 78 that can be articulated to grip a patient tissue. The proximal chassis includes input couplers that are configured to interface with and be driven by corresponding output couplers of the Patient Side Cart 22. The input couplers are drivingly coupled with drive shafts that are disposed within the instrument shaft 74. The drive shafts are drivingly coupled with the end effector 76.

[0073] Linear Stapling and Cutting Surgical Instruments

[0074] FIG. 7 shows a demountably attachable cartridge 100 of a linear stapling and cutting surgical instrument, in accordance with many embodiments. The cartridge 100 is configured to removably attach to a jaw of an end effector. The cartridge has a proximal end 102 that is attached to the jaw of the end effector and a distal end 104 disposed at a corresponding distal end of the jaw of the end effector. The cartridge 100 includes six rows of staple openings 106, a longitudinal slot 108, a proximal knife garage 110, a distal knife garage 112, and a rotational input 114. In many embodiments, a staple is disposed in each of the staple openings for deployment there from. The longitudinal slot 108 accommodates a cutting blade of a knife member (not shown) extending there from as the knife member is moved from the proximal knife garage 110 to the distal knife garage 112. In operation, the staples are deployed starting at the cartridge proximal end 102 and proceeding to the cartridge distal end 104. The cutting blade is moved to trail the stapling of the tissue to ensure that only fully stapled tissue is cut. FIG. 8 shows the cartridge 100 with an attached staple retainer 116, which is removed prior to using the cartridge 100.

[0075] FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing details of the attachment of the cartridge 100 to an end effector 118, in accordance with many embodiments. The end effector 118 includes a lower jaw 120, an upper jaw 122, a two degree of freedom wrist 124, a rotationally-driven clamping mechanism 126, and a spring loaded coupling 128. The lower jaw 120 is configured to accommodate and support the cartridge 100, as well as position the cartridge 100 relative to the spring loaded coupling 128. The upper jaw 122 is pivotally coupled with the lower jaw 120 to articulate relative to the lower jaw 120 to clamp tissue. The upper jaw 122 includes staple forming recesses configured and positioned relative to the staple openings 106 to form the staples into a “B” shape upon deployment of the staples.

[0076] The two degree of freedom wrist 124 provides for attachment of the end effector 118 to an elongated instrument shaft 130 for articulation of the end effector 118 about two orthogonal axes relative to the instrument shaft 130. Details of a suitable two degree of freedom wrist that can be used are disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 12/945,748, entitled “SURGICAL TOOL WITH A TWO DEGREE OF FREEDOM WRIST,” filed Nov. 12, 2010, the full disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

[0077] The rotationally-driven clamping mechanism 126 actuates the upper jaw 122 relative to the lower jaw 120 to securely clamp tissue between the upper and lower jaws. The clamping mechanism 126 is rotationally driven by a first drive shaft 132 disposed internal to the instrument shaft 130. Details of a suitable rotationally-driven clamping mechanism that can be used are disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 12/945,541, entitled “END EFFECTOR WITH REDUNDANT CLOSING MECHANISMS,” filed Nov. 12, 2010, the full disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

[0078] The spring-loaded coupling 128 rotationally couples a lead screw 134 of the cartridge 100 with an extension shaft 136, which is driven by a second drive shaft 138 disposed internal to the instrument shaft 130. The spring-loaded coupling 128 includes a coil spring 140 and a coupling fitting 142. In the embodiment shown, the coupling fitting 142 employs a three-lobe spline receptacle that interfaces with three-sided external surfaces of the rotational input 114 and of the extension shaft 136. The spring-loaded coupling 142 accommodates angular misalignment of the three-lobe spline that might occur when cartridge 100 is installed into end effector 118. The spring-loaded coupling 142 fully engages the three-lobe spline when rotated into angular alignment. Rotation of the lead screw 134 is used to translate a drive member 144 of the cartridge 100. The resulting motion of the drive member 144 is used to deploy the staples and to distally advance a knife member 146 of the cartridge 100 to cut the clamped tissue down the center of the rows of deployed staples.

[0079] The end effector 118 includes a first universal joint assembly 148 and a second universal joint assembly 150. The first universal joint assembly 148 rotationally couples the clamping mechanism 126 to the first drive shaft 132. The second universal joint assembly 150 rotationally couples the extension shaft 136 to the second drive shaft 138. Each of the first and second universal joint assemblies 148, 150 is configured to transmit torque through a range of angles suitable to the range of Pitch and Yaw of the end effector 118 relative to the instrument shaft 130. Details of a suitable universal joint assembly that can be used are disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 12/945,740, entitled “DOUBLE UNIVERSAL JOINT,” filed Nov. 12, 2010, the full disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

[0080] The first and second drive shafts 132, 138 are disposed offset to the centerline of the instrument shaft 130, which may be independently rotated. Details of a suitable drive mechanism that can be used to actuate the first and second drive shafts 132, 138 are disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 12/945,461, entitled “MOTOR INTERFACE FOR PARALLEL DRIVE SHAFTS WITHIN AN INDEPENDENTLY ROTATING MEMBER,” filed Nov. 12, 2010, the full disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

[0081] FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view illustrating components of the cartridge 100. The illustrated components include the retainer 116, 66 staples 152, a printed circuit assembly (PCA) spring 154, a PCA 156, a cartridge body 158, 22 staple pushers 160, the knife member 146, the lead screw 134, the drive member 144, a thrust washer 162, a lead screw nut 164, and a cover 166. The cartridge body 158 has the 66 staple openings 106 arranged in 6 rows, with 3 rows of the staple openings 106 being disposed on each side of the longitudinal slot 108. The retainer 116 is removably attachable to the cartridge 100 and covers the staple openings 106 to retain the staples 152 prior to use of the cartridge 100. The staple pushers 160 interface with the staples 152 and slidingly interface with the cartridge body 158. Motion of the drive member 144 along the lead screw 134 results in engagement of the staple pushers 160 by distally-facing ramp surfaces 176 of the drive member 144 to drive the staple pushers 160 up relative to the cartridge body 158 to deploy the staples 152 as the drive member 144 moves towards the distal end 104. The knife member 146 includes proximal protrusions 168 and distal protrusions 170. The cover 166 is attached to the cartridge body 158.

[0082] FIGS. 11A and 11B further illustrate the PCA 156 and the PCA spring 154. The PCA spring 154 interfaces with the cartridge body 158 and retains the PCA 156. The PCA spring 154 includes PCA spring hooks 172, which latch onto the cartridge body 158 to retain the PCA spring 154. When the cartridge 100 is attached to the end effector 118, instrument pins 174 of the end effector 118 slide beneath and lift the PCA 156, thereby electrically connecting the PCA 156 with the instrument pins 174 and allowing for the use of increased associated tolerances. This arrangement however is not critical, as long as the instrument pins 174 make suitable contact with the PCA 156. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the PCA 156 can be turned on edge such that the shown chip is out of the load path. The PCA 156 can be used to electronically store identification, configuration, and/or use information associated with the cartridge 100.

[0083] The cartridge 100 can be assembled using the following assembly sequence. First, with the cartridge body 158 in a “bottom up” orientation, the staple pushers 160 are installed into the staple openings 106. Next, the knife member 146 is installed into the proximal garage 110 with proximal protrusions 168 of the knife member 146 placed into proximal receptacles in the cartridge body 158. Next, the drive member 144, the thrust washer 162, and the lead screw nut 164 are installed onto the lead screw 134 and the lead screw nut 134 is laser welded flush to the end of the lead screw 134. The resulting lead screw assembly is then installed into the cartridge body 158 with the drive member 144 positioned at the proximal end of the lead screw 134. Next, the cover 166 is installed onto the cartridge body 158. The resulting assembly can then be lubricated, for example, by immersing the resulting assembly into a lubricant. Next, the assembly is flipped to a “top up” orientation and the PCA 156 is installed. Next, the PCA spring 154 is pushed onto the cartridge body 158 until the PCA spring hooks 172 latch. Next, the staples 152 are installed into the staple openings 106 and the retainer 116 is then installed. Finally, data is installed into the PCA 156.

[0084] FIG. 12 illustrates components of the cartridge 100 related to the actuation of the knife member 146 from a starting position (illustrated) in which the knife member 146 is shielded by the proximal garage 110 to an ending position (not illustrated) in which the knife member 146 is shielded by the distal garage 112. The lead screw 134 is mounted for rotation relative to the cartridge body 158 and extends along the length of the cartridge body 158. The drive member 144 is internally threaded and is coupled with the lead screw 134 and slidably mounted in the cartridge body 158 for translation along the lead screw 134 in response to rotation of the lead screw 134. The drive member 144 includes one or more distally-facing ramps 176 configured to engage the staple pushers 160 as the drive member 144 is advanced toward the distal end 104 of the cartridge body 100. The knife member 146 includes a cutting blade 178, the body portion 180, the proximal protrusions 168 extending from opposite sides of the body portion 180, and the proximal protrusions 170 also extending from opposite sides of the body portion 180. As will be described in more detail below, when the drive member 144 is advanced distally from its illustrated starting position, the knife member 146 remains stationary relative to the cartridge body 158 until the drive member 144 contacts the distal protrusions 170 by which the knife member 146 is then driven distally by the drive member 144. Near the end of the distal travel of the drive member 144, the distal end of the knife member 146 is driven along a cam surface 182 of the cartridge body 158, thereby raising the distal end of the knife member 146 to lower the cutting blade 178 below an upper surface 184 of the cartridge body 158 and into the distal garage 112. The knife member body portion 180 is constrained by opposing surfaces of the cartridge body 158 that define the longitudinal slot 108. The knife proximal and distal protrusions 168, 170 extend from opposite sides of the knife member body portion 180 beyond the width of the longitudinal slot 108, thereby serving to constrain the knife member 146 vertically relative to the cartridge body 158 and the drive member 144.

[0085] FIGS. 13A through 13C shows staple deployment related components of a linear stapling and cutting surgical instrument having four rows of staples, in accordance with many embodiments. Similar to the cartridge 100, an internally-threaded drive member 144-4 is coupled with a lead screw 134 and slidably mounted in a cartridge body (not shown) for translation along the lead screw 134 in response to rotation of the lead screw 134. The drive member 144-4 includes distally facing bi-linear ramps 176-4, which engage staple pushers 160-4 as the drive member 144-4 is advanced distally along the lead screw 134. Each of the staple pushers 160-4 is configured to push a single staple (not shown). Each of the staple pushers 160-4 has bi-linear ramp surfaces 186-6, which are configured to interface with the correspondingly sloped bi-linear ramps 176-4 of the drive member 144-4. Each of the staple pushers 160-4 has end portions 188-4 that are shaped to slidingly interface with staple openings in the cartridge body.

[0086] The drive member 144-4 is configured to accommodate and interface with the knife member 146 to initially move distally relative to the knife member 146, then drive the knife member 146 toward the distal end of the cartridge body and push the distal end of the knife member 146 up the distal ramp 182 of the cartridge body 158. The drive member 144-4 features that interface with the knife member 146 include a central slot 190, proximal receptacles 192, top surfaces 194, and distal surfaces 196. The central slot 190 accommodates the knife body portion 180 throughout the stroke of the knife member 146 from its starting position in the proximal garage 110 to its ending position in the distal garage 112. The proximal receptacles 192 accommodate the knife member proximal protrusions 168 while the knife member 146 is driven distally by the drive member 144-4. The top surfaces 194 interface with the proximal protrusions 168 to secure engagement between the proximal protrusions 168 and receptacles in the cartridge body 158 during the initial distal movement of the drive member 144-4 in which the drive member 144-4 is moved distally relative to both the cartridge body 158 and the knife member 146 and the knife member 146 is held stationary relative to the cartridge body 158 via the engagement between the proximal protrusions 168 and the associated cartridge body receptacles. After the initial relative distal movement of the drive member 144-4 relative to the knife member 146, the drive member distal surfaces 196 interface with the knife member distal protrusions 170 to drive the knife member 146 distally and, in conjunction with surfaces of the cartridge body 158 on both sides of the longitudinal slot 108, control the vertical position of the distal protrusions 170 as the knife member 146 is driven distally. When the distal portion of the knife member 146 is driven up the cam surface 182, the distal protrusions 170 separate from the distal surfaces 196 and the knife member 146 is then driven by a proximal wall of the drive member proximal receptacles 192, which interface with the knife member proximal protrusions 168 to drive the knife member 146 along the cam surface 182, thereby stowing the cutting blade 178 into the distal garage 112.

[0087] FIG. 14A shows a distal end of the cartridge body 158. FIG. 14B shows a top view and a perspective view of one of the staple pushers 160. As illustrated, the staple openings 106 and the staple pushers 160 have complementary shapes such that each of the staple pushers 160 is accommodated within one of the staple openings 106 for translation within the staple opening 106 in response to being driven by the drive member 144 as the drive member 144 is translated toward the cartridge distal end 104.

[0088] FIGS. 14C through 14H provide additional illustration of the drive member 144. FIG. 14C shows a perspective view of the drive member 144. FIG. 14D shows a top view of the drive member 144. FIG. 14E shows a side view of the drive member 144. FIG. 14F shows a distal end view of the drive member 144. FIG. 14G shows cross-sectional view AA as defined in FIG. 14D. And FIG. 14H shows cross-sectional view BB as defined in FIG. 14D.

[0089] FIGS. 15A through 15C provide additional illustration of the knife member 146. In many embodiments, the cutting blade 178 is formed integral to the knife member body portion 180. The proximal protrusions 168 and the distal protrusions 170 can be integral with the knife member body portion 180, or Ruined by press-fitting pins into transverse holes in the knife-member body portion 180. The body portion 180 and the pins can be formed from a suitable material(s), for example, 17-4 PH, 440A, or 420 stainless steels. The cutting blade 178 is beveled to a ground edge on both sides, but can be flat with a ground edge, or beveled only on one side while ground on the other. Additional honing can be performed to create multiple angles on each side of the cutting blade 178.

[0090] The configuration of the knife member 146 provides robust support of the cutting blade 178, which may be particularly advantageous when the cutting blade 178 is used to cut through something other than soft tissue. For example, it may occur that the cartridge 100 is used to install staples through previously stapled tissue, thereby possibly placing an existing staple in the path of the cutting blade 178 so that the existing staple must be cut by the cutting blade 178.

[0091] FIG. 15D illustrates an alternative configuration of the knife member 146. In many embodiments, the knife member has a cutting blade 178 with a hooked tip 179. The hooked tip is blunted and protrudes well distally past, and well laterally above, the top-most cutting edge of the cutting blade. The hooked tip 179 can help ensure that a full thickness of tissue is cut by preventing tissue from climbing over the height of the cutting blade 178. The hooked tip can also reduce the risk of injury to operating room staff in case a device failure leaves the cutting blade 178 exposed.

[0092] FIG. 15E illustrates another alternative configuration of the knife member 146. In many embodiments, the knife member has a cutting blade 178 with a blunted tip 181. The blunted tip protrudes slightly distally past (or is collinear with), but well laterally above, the top-most cutting edge of the cutting blade 179. Like the hooked tip 179 of the cutting blade 178 of FIG. 15D, the blunted tip 181 of cutting blade 179 can help prevent tissue climb-over and reduce risk of accidental injury.

[0093] FIG. 15F illustrates another alternative configuration of the knife member 146. In many embodiments, the knife member has a curved cutting blade 183 with a blunted tip. The blunted tip protrudes slightly distally past (or is collinear with), but well laterally above, the top-most cutting edge of the cutting blade 183. The blunted tip of curved cutting blade 183 can help prevent tissue climb-over and reduce risk of accidental injury. The curved cutting blade 183 can also help further that purpose by gathering and centering tissue within its center-most portion. This can also help prevent tissue from clogging the lower-most blade/cartridge interface via the centering action. The cutting blade 183 is beveled to a ground edge on both sides, but can be flat with a ground edge, or beveled only on one side while ground on the other. Additional honing can be performed to create multiple angles on each side of the cutting blade 183.

[0094] FIG. 15G illustrates another alternative configuration of the knife member 146. In many embodiments, the knife member has a curved cutting blade 185, which is largely identical to the curved cutting blade 183 of FIG. 15F, and thus shares the same features. However, the curved cutting blade 185 does not include a blunted tip, since in some applications the curvature of the cutting blade 185 alone can prevent tissue from climbing-over.

[0095] FIG. 15H illustrates another alternative configuration of the knife member 146. Here, the knife member 146 is formed with integral pins 187 extending laterally on one side. The pins 187 respectively provide male coupling surfaces for attaching the knife member 146 to other portions of the cartridge 100 in a similar manor to pins 168 and 170 of FIG. 15C. The pins 187 can be formed, for example, by: stamping a singular piece of source material to form the knife member 146 integrally with the pins 187; welding/pressing/bonding the pins 187 into a separate knife member 146; or by molding (with additional forging as needed) the knife member 146 integrally with the pins 187. The pins 187 can also extend from both sides of the knife member 146, on the side opposite as shown, or the pins can extend from each side of the knife member 146 at different or the same proximal and distal portions of the knife member 146. Indented surfaces 189 forming blind holes may also be formed opposite the pins by the above processes or later machined into the knife member. The indented surfaces 189 respectively provide female coupling surfaces for attaching the knife member 146 to other portions of the cartridge 100. It should be understood that this pin configuration can apply to any of the blade designs disclosed herein.

[0096] FIGS. 16A through 16D illustrate the interaction of components of the cartridge 100 during the actuation of the knife member 146 from its starting position in the proximal garage 110 to its final position in the distal garage 112. FIG. 16A shows three different positions of the knife member 146 relative to the cartridge body 158, specifically a starting proximal-most position, an intermediate position, and a distal position just before the distal end of the knife member 146 is driven up the cartridge body cam surface 182.

[0097] As shown in FIGS. 16A and 16B, in the starting proximal-most position, the drive member 144 is positioned at the proximal end of the lead screw 134 and the knife member proximal protrusions 168 are disposed within receptacles 198 in the cartridge body 158. The drive member upper surfaces 194 interface with the knife member proximal protrusions 168 to retain the proximal protrusions 168 in the cartridge body receptacles 198, thereby securing engagement between the proximal protrusions 168 and the cartridge body receptacles 198. The distal end of the knife is trapped between a central cavity ceiling 200 of the cartridge body 158 and the lead screw 134 and the knife member body portion 180 is disposed within the longitudinal slot 108, thereby restraining the knife member 146 in a substantially fixed position and orientation relative to the cartridge body 158.

[0098] From the starting proximal-most position, rotation of the lead screw 134 drives the drive member 144 distally along the lead screw 134. Throughout a starting “lost-motion” portion of the distal motion of the drive member 144 along the lead screw 134, the proximal protrusions 168 remain trapped in the cartridge body receptacles 198 by the drive member upper surfaces 194. When the drive member 144 has moved distally to a point where the drive member distal surfaces 196 contact the knife member distal protrusions 170, the drive member proximal receptacles 192 are disposed below the cartridge body receptacles 198, thereby permitting the knife member 146 to rotate to transfer the proximal protrusions 168 from the cartridge body receptacles 198 to the drive member proximal receptacles 192. To facilitate this transfer, a distal surface 202 of the cartridge body receptacles 198 is sloped as illustrated to enhance the transfer by imparting a downward force component on the proximal protrusions 168 as the knife member distal surfaces 196 drive the knife member 146 distally via contact with the knife member distal protrusions 170.

[0099] FIG. 16C illustrates interaction between the drive member 144, the knife member 146, and the cartridge body 158 following the “lost motion” portion of the distal motion of the drive member 144 along the lead screw 134. After the drive member distal surfaces 196 come into contact with the knife member distal protrusions 170 causing the knife member 146 to rotate to transfer the proximal protrusions 168 into the drive member proximal receptacles 192, continued rotation of the lead screw 134 results in continued distal motion of the drive member 144 and corresponding distal motion of the knife member 146. During this continued distal motion, the knife member 146 is constrained by both the drive member 146 and the ceiling 200 of the cartridge body 158.

[0100] FIGS. 16A and 16D illustrate interaction between the drive member 144, the knife member 146, and the cartridge body 158 (particularly the cam surface 182 of the cartridge body 158) during a terminal portion of the distal motion of the drive member 144 along the lead screw 134. As the drive member 144 is advanced distally near the end of its travel along the lead screw 134, the distal end of the knife member 146 comes into contact with the cam surface 182 and is subsequently driven along the cam surface 182 until reaching the ending distal-most position illustrated in FIG. 16D in which the drive member 144 has reached the end of its travel along the lead screw 134. As a result of the distal end of the knife member 146 being driven along the upward sloping cam surface 182, the knife member 146 rotates approximately around the knife member proximal protrusions 168, thereby lowering the cutting blade 178 into the distal garage 112.

[0101] Linear Stapling and Cutting Methods

[0102] FIG. 17 shows acts of a method 210 of deploying staples from and of articulating a cutting blade in a linear stapling and cutting surgical instrument, in accordance with many embodiments. Any suitable linear stapling and cutting surgical instrument can be used to practice the method 210. For example, the linear stapling and cutting surgical instruments and cartridges described herein can be used to practice the method 210.

[0103] In act 212, a knife member having a cutting blade is supported within a housing of a linear stapling and cutting surgical instrument. The housing has a proximal end and a distal end. The cutting blade is configured to cut when the knife member is moved distally. In act 214, a drive member is moved distally through a first movement from a first position to a second position.

[0104] In act 216, the knife member is coupled with the housing during the first movement of the drive member to restrain the knife member from moving distally. In many embodiments, the knife member is restrained from moving distally throughout an approximate 4 mm movement of the drive member distally. In many embodiments, coupling the knife member with the housing includes using the drive member to secure engagement between the knife member and the housing. In many embodiments, using the drive member to secure engagement between the knife member and the housing includes interfacing the drive member with the knife member. For example, the knife member can include a first protrusion that interfaces with the drive member and a receptacle of the housing to restrain the knife member during the first movement of the drive member from moving distally.

[0105] In act 218, the drive member is used to drive the knife member distally during a second distal movement of the drive member from the second position to a third position. In many embodiments, the knife member includes a drive feature that does not interface with the drive member during the first movement of the drive member and interfaces with the drive member during the second movement of the drive member. In many embodiments, the knife drive feature includes a second protrusion.

[0106] In act 220, the drive member is used to deploy staples during the second movement of the drive member. For example, the drive member can include ramp surfaces that interface with staple pushers, which deploy the staples.

[0107] FIG. 18 shows optional acts that can be accomplished in the method 210, in accordance with many embodiments. In optional act 222, the knife member is rotated to remove the first protrusion from the housing receptacle. In optional act 224, the first protrusion is received into a receptacle of the drive member. In optional act 226, the first protrusion is accommodated in the drive member receptacle during the second movement of the drive member. And in optional act 228, the knife member is driven along a cam surface thereby raising a distal end of the knife member and lowering the cutting blade into the housing.

[0108] The methods disclosed herein can be employed in any suitable application. For example, the methods disclosed herein can be employed in surgical instruments, manual or powered, hand-held or robotic, directly controlled or teleoperated, for open or minimally invasive (single or multi-port) procedures.

[0109] Other variations are within the spirit of the present invention. Thus, while the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative constructions, certain illustrated embodiments thereof are shown in the drawings and have been described above in detail. It should be understood, however, that there is no intention to limit the invention to the specific form or forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined in the appended claims.

[0110] The term “force” is to be construed as encompassing both force and torque (especially in the context of the following claims), unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and “containing” are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, but not limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. The term “connected” is to be construed as partly or wholly contained within, attached to, or joined together, even if there is something intervening. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate embodiments of the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.

[0111] Preferred embodiments of this invention are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Variations of those preferred embodiments may become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventors expect skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for the invention to be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

[0112] All references, including publications, patent applications, and patents, cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein.