Antigen-binding molecule capable of binding to two or more antigen molecules repeatedly

Patent Citations (504)

Non-Patent Literature (576)

• Ejima et al. “Effective elution of antibodies by arginine and arginine derivatives in affinity column chromatography” Analytical Biochemistry 345 (2005) 250-257.Examiner
• Montero-Julian et al. Pharmacokinetic study of anti-interleukin-6 (IL-6) therapy with monoclonal antibodies: enhancement of IL-6 clearance by cocktails of anti-IL-6 antibodies, Boo, 85(4), 1995, pp. 917-924.Examiner
• Schuster et al., “Signaling of human ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) revisited. The interleukin-6 receptor can serve as an alpha-receptor for CTNF,” J. Biol Chem., Mar. 14, 2003;278(11):9528-35.Applicant
• Seda et al., “B-cell receptor signalling and its crosstalk with other pathways in normal and malignant cells,” Eur J Haematol., Aug. 1, 2014. doi: 10.1111/ejh.12427.Applicant
• Igawa et al., “Antibody optimization technologies for developing next generation antibody therapeutics,” Bio Industry, 28(7):15-21 (2011) (with English translation).Applicant
• Ishii et al., “FcRn, a critical regulator of antibody pharmacokinetics,” Folia Pharmacol. Jpn., 136(5):280-284 (2010) (with English translation).Applicant
• Padlan et al., “Structure of an antibody-antigen complex: crystal structure of the HyHEL-10 Fab-lysozyme complex,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 86:5938-5942 (1989).Applicant
• Sigma-Aldrich, “Product Information: Monoclonal Anti-Flag® M1, Clone M1 produced in mouse, purified immunoglobulin,” Sigma-Aldrich.com, Catalog No. F3040. Retrieved from the Internet on Nov. 5, 2003 at: http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/content/dam/sigma-aldrich/does/Sigma/Datasheet/f3040dat.pdf.Applicant
• Wojciak et al., “The crystal structure of sphingosine-1-phosphate in complex with a Fab fragment reveals metal bridging of an antibody and its antigen,” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A., 106(42):17717-22 (2009).Applicant
• Zhou et al., “Interfacial metal and antibody recognition,” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A., 102(41):14575-80 (2005).Applicant
• International Search Report for App. Ser. No. PCT/JP2011/077619, dated Feb. 28, 2012, 4 pages.Applicant
• U.S. Appl. No. 13/889,512, Igawa et al., filed May 8, 2013.Applicant
• U.S. Appl. No. 13/959,489, Igawa et al., filed Aug. 5, 2013.Applicant
• U.S. Appl. No. 13/990,158, Igawa et al., filed May 29, 2013.Applicant
• International Preliminary Report on Patentability for App. Ser. No. PCT/JP2011/077619, dated Jun. 4, 2013, 8 pages.Applicant
• International Preliminary Report on Patentability for App. Ser. No. PCT/JP2012/058603, dated Oct. 8, 2013, 11 pages.Applicant
• Abe et al., “Purification of monoclonal antibodies with light-chain heterogeneity produced by mouse hybridomas raised with NS-1 myelomas: application of hydrophobic interaction high-performance liquid chromatography,” J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods, 27:215-227 (1993).Applicant
• Amersham Biosciences, “Protein Purification Handbook,” Edition AC, 98 pages (2001).Applicant
• Hamilton, “Molecular engineering: applications to the clinical laboratory,” Clin. Chem., 39(9):1988-97 (1993).Applicant
• Kranenborg et al., “Development and characterization of anti-renal cell carcinoma x antichelate bispecific monoclonal antibodies for two-phase targeting of renal cell carcinoma,” Cancer Res., 55:5864s-5867s (1995).Applicant
• Krauss et al., “Impact of antibody framework residue VH-71 on the stability of a humanised anti-MUC1 scFv and derived immunoenzyme,” Br. J Cancer, 90:1863-70 (2004).Applicant
• Lansdorp et al., “Purification and analysis of bispecific tetrameric antibody complexes,” Mol. Immunol., 27:659-666 (1990).Applicant
• Marks et al., “By-passing immunization: building high affinity human antibodies by chain shuffling,” Biotechnology (N.Y.), 10(7):779-83 (1992).Applicant
• Mihara et al., “Tocilizumab inhibits signal transduction mediated by both mIL-6R and sIL-6R, but not by the receptors of other members of IL-6 cytokine family,” Int. Immunopharmacol., 5(12):1731-40 (2005).Applicant
• Morimoto et al., “Single-step purification of F(ab′)2 fragments of mouse monoclonal antibodies (immunoglobulins G1) by hydrophobic interaction high performance liquid chromatography using TSKgel Phenyl-5PW,” J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods, 24:107-117 (1992).Applicant
• Presta et al., “Molecular engineering and design of therapeutic antibodies,” Curr. Opin. Immunol., 20(4):460-70. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2008.06.012 (2008).Applicant
• Roitt et al., Immunology, M., Mir, (2000), pp. 110, 150, and 537-9 (in Russian, with what is believed to be a published English equivalent of those pages).Applicant
• Singer et al., Genes & Genomes 1:63 (1998) (in Russian, with English translation).Applicant
• Suresh et al., “Bispecific monoclonal antibodies from hybrid hybridomas,” Methods Enzymol., 121:210-228 (1986).Applicant
• Suzuki et al., “Importance of neonatal FcR in regulating the serum half-life of therapeutic proteins containing the Fc domain of human IgG1: a comparative study of the affinity of monoclonal antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins to human neonatal FcR,” J. Immunol., 184(4):1968-76 (2010).Applicant
• Warnaar et al., “Purification of bispecific F(ab′)2 from murine trinoma OC/TR with specificity for CD3 and ovarian cancer,” Hybridoma, 13:519-526 (1994).Applicant
• Yang et al., “CDR walking mutagenesis for the affinity maturation of a potent human anti-HIV-1 antibody into the picomolar range,” J. Mol. Biol., 254(3):392-403 (1995).Applicant
• Zalevsky et al., “Enhanced antibody half-life improves in vivo activity,” Nat. Biotechnol., 28(2):157-9 (2010).Applicant
• Examiner Dong Jiang, USPTO Non Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/680,112, dated Feb. 4, 2013, 9 pages.Applicant
• Examiner Bradley Duffy, USPTO Non-Final Office Action U.S. Appl. No. 12/680,082, dated Feb. 14, 2013, 12 pages.Applicant
• U.S. Examiner Michael Edward Szperka, USPTO Non-Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 13/434,643, dated Feb. 12, 2013, 17 pages.Applicant
• Examiner Lynn Anne Bristol, USPTO Restriction Requirement in U.S. Appl. No. 13/257,145, dated Mar. 20, 2013, 11 pages.Applicant
• Examiner Dong Jiang, USPTO Restriction Requirement in U.S. Appl. No. 13/524,528, dated Mar. 21, 2013, 7 pages.Applicant
• Examiner Dong Jiang, USPTO Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 12/680,087, dated Apr. 15, 2013, 9 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Amendment in Reply to Office Action dated Nov. 14, 2012 in U.S. Appl. No. 13/595,139, dated May 14, 2013, 19 pages.Applicant
• Rich et al., “Grading the commercial optical biosensor literature-Class of 2008: ‘The Mighty Binders’,” J. Mol. Recognit., 23(1):1-64 (2010). doi: 10.1002/jmr.1004.Applicant
• Beck et al., “Strategies and challenges for the next generation of therapeutic antibodies,” Nat Rev Immunol., 10(5):345-52 (2010).Applicant
• Chaparro-Riggers et al., “Increasing serum half-life and extending cholesterol lowering in vivo by engineering antibody with pH-sensitive binding to PCSK9,” J Biol Chem., 287(14):11090-7 (2012).Applicant
• Devanaboyina et al., “The effect of pH dependence of antibody-antigen interactions on subcellular trafficking dynamics,” MAbs, 5(6):851-9 (2013).Applicant
• Feinberg et al., “Mechanism of pH-dependent N-acetylgalactosamine binding by a functional mimic of the hepatocyte asialoglycoprotein receptor,” J Biol Chem., 275(45):35176-84 (2000).Applicant
• Finkelman et al., “Anti-cytokine antibodies as carrier proteins. Prolongation of in vivo effects of exogenous cytokines by injection of cytokine-anti-cytokine antibody complexes,” J Immunol., 151(3):1235-44 (1993).Applicant
• Igawa et al., “Engineered monoclonal antibody with novel antigen-sweeping activity in vivo,” PLoS One, 8(5):e63236 (2013).Applicant
• Lee et al., “High-affinity human antibodies from phage-displayed synthetic Fab libraries with a single framework scaffold,” J Mol Biol., 340(5):1073-93 (2004).Applicant
• Sarkar et al., “Rational cytokine design for increased lifetime and enhanced potency using pH-activated histidine switching,” Nat Biotechnol., 20(9):908-13 (2002).Applicant
• Tabrizi et al., “Elimination mechanisms of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies,” Drug Discov Today, 11(1-2):81-8 (2006).Applicant
• Vaughn et al., “Structural basis of pH-dependent antibody binding by the neonatal Fc receptor,” Structure, 6(1):63-73 (1998).Applicant
• Yamamoto et al., “Molecular studies of pH-dependent ligand interactions with the low-density lipoprotein receptor,” Biochemistry, 47(44):11647-52 (2008).Applicant
• Amigorena et al., “Cytoplasmic domain heterogeneity and functions of IgG Fc receptors in B lymphocytes,” Science, 256(5065):1808-12 (1992).Applicant
• Amigorena et al., “Fc gamma RII expression in resting and activated B lymphocytes,” Eur J Immunol., (8):1379-85 (1989).Applicant
• Armour et al., “Differential binding to human FcgammaRIIa and FcgammaRIIb receptors by human IgG wildtype and mutant antibodies,” Mol Immunol., 40(9):585-93 (2003).Applicant
• Blank et al., Decreased transcription of the human FCGR2B gene mediated by the -343 G/C promoter polymorphism and association with systemic lupus erythematosus. Hum Genet., 117(2-3):220-7 (2005).Applicant
• Boruchov et al., “Activating and inhibitory IgG Fc receptors on human DCs mediate opposing functions,” J Clin Invest., 115(10):2914-23 (2005).Applicant
• Boumpas et al., “A short course of BG9588 (anti-CD40 ligand antibody) improves serologic activity and decreases hematuria in patients with proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis,” Arthritis Rheum., 48(3):719-27 (2003).Applicant
• Bruhns et al., Specificity and affinity of human Fcgamma receptors and their polymorphic variants for human IgG subclasses, Blood, 113(16):3716-25 (2009).Applicant
• Cemerski et al., “Suppression of mast cell degranulation through a dual-targeting tandem IgE-IgG Fc domain biologic engineered to bind with high affinity to FcγRIIb,” Immunol Lett., 143(1):34-43 (2012).Applicant
• Chen et al., “Association of a transmembrane polymorphism of Fcgamma receptor IIb (FCGR2B) with systemic lupus erythematosus in Taiwanese patients,” Arthritis Rheum., 54(12):3908-17 (2006).Applicant
• Chu et al., “Inhibition of B cell receptor-mediated activation of primary human B cells by coengagement of CD19 and FcgammaRIIb with Fc-engineered antibodies,” Mol Immunol., 45(15):3926-33 (2008).Applicant
• Chu et al., “Reduction of total IgE by targeted coengagement of IgE B-cell receptor and FcγRIIb with Fc-engineered antibody,” J Allergy Clin Immunol., 129(4):1102-15 (2012).Applicant
• Chuntharapai et al., “Isotype-dependent inhibition of tumor growth in vivo by monoclonal antibodies to death receptor 4,” J Immunol., 166(8):4891-8 (2001).Applicant
• Clark, “IgG effector mechanisms,” Chem Immunol., 65:88-110 (1997).Applicant
• Dall'Acqua et al., “Properties of human IgG1s engineered for enhanced binding to the neonatal Fc receptor (FeRn),” J Biol Chem., 281(33):23514-24 (2006).Applicant
• Datta-Mannan et al., “Monoclonal antibody clearance. Impact of modulating the interaction of IgG with the neonatal Fc receptor,” J Biol Chem., Jan. 19, 2007;282(3):1709-17. Epub Nov. 29, 2006.Applicant
• Dhodapkar et al., “Selective blockade of inhibitory Fcgamma receptor enables human dendritic cell maturation with IL-12p70 production and immunity to antibody-coated tumor cells,” Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 102(8):2910-5 (2005).Applicant
• Duffau et al., “Platelet CD154 potentiates interferon-alpha secretion by plasmacytoid dendritic cells in systemic lupus erythematosus,” Sci Transl Med., 2(47):47ra63 (2010).Applicant
• Floto et al., “Loss of function of a lupus-associated FcgammaRIIb polymorphism through exclusion from lipid rafts,” Nat Med., 11(10):1056-8 (2005).Applicant
• Fournier et al., “Activation of human peripheral IgM+ B cells is transiently inhibited by BCR-independent aggregation of Fc gammaRIIB,” J Immunol., 181(8):5350-9 (2008).Applicant
• Greenwood et al., “Structural motifs involved in human IgG antibody effector functions,” Eur J Immunol., 23(5):1098-104 (1993).Applicant
• Heyman, “Feedback regulation by IgG antibodies,” Immunol Lett., 88(2):157-61 (2003).Applicant
• Jefferis et al., “Interaction sites on human IgG-Fc for FcgammaR: current Models,” Immunol Lett., 82(1-2):57-65 (2002).Applicant
• Kohrt et al., “Stimulation of natural killer cells with a CD137-specific antibody enhances trastuzumab efficacy in xenotransplant models of breast cancer,” J Clin Invest., 122(3):1066-75 (2012).Applicant
• Li et al., “CD72 down-modulates BCR-induced signal transduction and diminishes survival in primary mature B lymphocytes,” J Immunol., 176(9):5321-8 (2006).Applicant
• Li et al., “Inhibitory Fcγ receptor engagement drives adjuvant and anti-tumor activities of agonistic CD40 antibodies,” Science, 333(6045):1030-4 (2011).Applicant
• Liang et al., “Immunity against a therapeutic xenoprotein/Fc construct delivered by gene transfer is reduced through binding to the inhibitory receptor FcγRIIb,” J Gene Med., 13(9):470-7 (2011).Applicant
• MacKay et al., “Selective dysregulation of the FcgammaIIB receptor on memory B cells in SLE,” J Exp Med., 203(9):2157-64 (2006).Applicant
• Manger et al., “Fcgamma receptor IIa polymorphism in Caucasian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: association with clinical symptoms,” Arthritis Rheum., 41(7):1181-9 (1998).Applicant
• Meyer et al., “Bevacizumab immune complexes activate platelets and induce thrombosis in FCGR2A transgenic mice,” J Thromb Haemost., Jan. 2009;7(1):171-81. Epub Oct. 30, 2008.Applicant
• Mi et al., “Targeting the neonatal fc receptor for antigen delivery using engineered fc fragments,” J Immunol., 181(11):7550-61 (2008).Applicant
• Morgan et al., “The N-terminal end of the CH2 domain of chimeric human IgG1 anti-HLA-DR is necessary for C1q, Fc gamma RI and Fc gamma RIII binding,” Immunology., 86(2):319-24 (1995).Applicant
• Muta et al., “A 13-amino-acid motif in the cytoplasmic domain of Fc gamma RIIB modulates B-cell receptor signaling,” Nature,368(6466):70-3 (1994).Applicant
• Nakamura et al., “Fcgamma receptor IIB-deficient mice develop Goodpasture's syndrome upon immunization with type IV collagen: a novel murine model for autoimmune glomerular basement membrane disease,” J Exp Med., 191(5):899-906 (2000).Applicant
• Nicholas et al., “Regulation of the immune response. I. Reduction in ability of specific antibody to inhibit long-lasting IgG immunological priming after removal of the Fc fragment,” J Exp Med., 129(6):1183-201 (1969).Applicant
• Niebecker et al., “Safety of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies,” Curr Drug Saf., 5(4):275-86 (2010).Applicant
• Nimmerjahn et al., “Fcgamma receptors as regulators of immune responses,” Nat Rev Immunol., 8(1):34-47 (2008).Applicant
• Olferiev et al., “The role of activating protein 1 in the transcriptional regulation of the human FCGR2B promoter mediated by the -343 G -> C polymorphism associated with systemic lupus erythematosus,” J Biol Chem., 282(3):1738-46 (2007).Applicant
• Qiao et al., “Dependence of antibody-mediated presentation of antigen on FcRn,” Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 105(27):9337-42 (2008).Applicant
• Radaev et al., “The role of Fc glycosylation and the binding of peptide inhibitors,” J Biol Chem., 276(19):16478-83 (2001).Applicant
• Ravetch et al., “Immune inhibitory receptors,” Science, 290(5489):84-9 (2000).Applicant
• Richards et al., “Optimization of antibody binding to FcgammaRIIa enhances macrophage phagocytosis of tumor cells,” Mol Cancer Ther., 7(8):2517-27 (2008).Applicant
• Robles-Carrillo et al., “Anti-CD40L immune complexes potently activate platelets in vitro and cause thrombosis in FCGR2A transgenic mice,” J Immunol., 185(3):1577-83 (2010).Applicant
• Salmon et al., “Fc gamma RIIA alleles are heritable risk factors for lupus nephritis in African Americans,” J Clin Invest., 97(5):1348-54 (1996).Applicant
• Scappaticci et al., “Arterial thromboembolic events in patients with metastatic carcinoma treated with chemotherapy and bevacizumab,” J Natl Cancer Inst., 100(2):156 (2008).Applicant
• Smith et al., “FcgammaRIIB in autoimmunity and infection: evolutionary and therapeutic implications,” Nat Rev Immunol., May;10(5):328-43 (2010).Applicant
• Su et al., Expression profile of FcgammaRIIb on leukocytes and its dysregulation in systemic lupus erythematosus, J Immunol., 178(5):3272-80 (2007).Applicant
• Veri et al., “Therapeutic control of B cell activation via recruitment of Fcgamma receptor IIb (CD32B) inhibitory function with a novel bispecific antibody scaffold,” Arthritis Rheum., 62(7):1933-43 (2010).Applicant
• Veri et al., “Monoclonal antibodies capable of discriminating the human inhibitory Fcgamma-receptor IIB (CD32B) from the activating Fcgamma-receptor IIA (CD32A): biochemical, biological and functional characterization,” Immunology, 121(3):392-404 (2007).Applicant
• Warmerdam et al., Molecular basis for a polymorphism of human Fc gamma receptor II (CD32), J Exp Med., 172(1):19-25 (1990).Applicant
• Wernersson et al., “IgG-mediated enhancement of antibody responses is low in Fc receptor gamma chain-deficient mice and increased in Fc gamma RII-deficient mice,” J Immunol., 163(2):618-22 (1999).Applicant
• Wilson et al., “An Fcγ receptor-dependent mechanism drives antibody-mediated target-receptor signaling in cancer cells,” Cancer Cell, 19(1):101-13 (2011).Applicant
• Xu et al., “Fc gamma Rs modulate cytotoxicity of anti-Fas antibodies: implications for agonistic antibody-based therapeutics,” J Immunol., 171(2):562-8 (2003).Applicant
• Yuasa et al., “Deletion of fcgamma receptor IIB renders H-2(b) mice susceptible to collagen-induced arthritis,” J Exp Med., 189(1):187-94 (1999).Applicant
• Zhang et al., “Effective therapy for a murine model of human anaplastic large-cell lymphoma with the anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody, HeFi-1,does not require activating Fc receptors,” Blood, 108(2):705-10 (2006).Applicant
• Scappaticci et al., “Arterial thromboembolic events in patients with metastatic carcinoma treated with chemotherapy and bevacizumab,” J Natl Cancer Inst., 99(16):1232-9 (2007).Applicant
• Stewart et al., “Site-directed mutagenesis of a catalytic antibody: an arginine and a histidine residue play key roles,” Biochemistry, 33(8):1994-2003 (1994).Applicant
• International Search Report for App. Ser. No. PCT/JP2012/058603, dated May 29, 2012, 2 pages.Applicant
• Clark, “An alignment of IgG sequences from Human, Mouse and Rat,” Part II Immunoglobulin lectures (v4), pp. 5(i)-(ii) [retrieved on Jul. 25, 2014]. Retrieved from the Internet: http://www.path.cam.ac.uk/˜mrc7/lecturenotes/handout1a.pdf.Applicant
• Sebba et al., “Tocilizumab: the first interleukin-6-receptor inhibitor,” Am J Health Syst Pharm., Aug. 1, 2008;65(15):1413-8. doi: 10.2146/ajhp070449.Applicant
• Takkinen et al., “Affinity and Specificity Maturation by CDR Walking,” Antibody Engineering, Springer Lab Manuals, pp. 540-545 (2001).Applicant
• U.S. Appl. No. 13/637,415, Igawa et al., filed Sep. 26, 2012.Applicant
• Adams et al., “Humanization of a recombinant monoclonal antibody to produce a therapeutic HER dimerization inhibitor, pertuzumab,” Cancer Immunol. Immunother., 55:717-727 (2006).Applicant
• Algonomics —Tripole® applications [online] Retrieved from the Internet on Feb. 29, 2012: http://web.archive.org/web20090221052902/http://www.algonomics.com/proteinengineering/tripole—applications.php, 2 pages (Feb. 21, 2009).Applicant
• Allen et al., “Novel mechanism for gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal migration involving Gas6/Ark signaling to p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase,” Mol. Cell. Biol., 22(2):599-613 (2002).Applicant
• Almagro et al., “Humanization of antibodies,” Front Biosci., 13:1619-33 (2008).Applicant
• Amersham Biosciences, “Affinity Chromatography: Principles and Methods,” Edition AD, pp. 16-18, 137 (2002).Applicant
• Armour et al., “Recombinant human IgG molecules lacking Fcgamma receptor I binding and monocyte triggering activities,” Eur. J. Immunol., 29(8):2613-24 (1999).Applicant
• Bartelds et al., “Clinical response to adalimumab: relationship to anti-adalimumab antibodies and serum adalimumab concentrations in rheumatoid arthritis,” Ann Rheum. Dis., 66:921-926 (2007).Applicant
• Bayry et al “Immuno affinity purification of foot and mouth disease virus type specific antibodies using recombinant protein adsorbed to polystyrene wells,” J. Virol. Methods, 81:21-30 (1999).Applicant
• Bellosta et al., “Signaling through the ARK tyrosine kinase receptor protects from apoptosis in the absence of growth stimulation,” Oncogene., 15(20):2387-97 (1997).Applicant
• Bender et al., “Immunogenicity, efficacy and adverse events of adalimumab in RA patients,” Rheumatol. Int., 27:269-274 (2007).Applicant
• Binz et al., “Engineering novel binding proteins from nonimmunoglobulin domains,” Nat Biotechnol., 23:1257-68 (2005).Applicant
• Bilsborough, “IL-31 is associated with cutaneous lymphocyte antigen-positive skin homing T cells in patients with atopic dermatitis,” J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 117(2):418-25 (2006).Applicant
• Blazar, “Infusion of Anti-B7.1 (CD80) and Anti-B7.2 (CD86) Monoclonal Antibodies Inhibits Murine Graft-Versus-Host Disease Lethality in Part Via Direct Effects on CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells,” J. Immunol., 157:3250-59 (1996).Applicant
• Branden and Tooze, “Recognition of Foreign Molecules by the Immune System,” Introduction to Protein Structure, 2d Ed., Garland Publishing, pp. 299-323 (1999).Applicant
• Brown et al., “Tolerance of single, but not multiple, amino acid replacements in antibody VH CDR2: a means of minimizing B cell wastage from somatic hypermutation?,” J. Immunol., 156(9):3285-91 (1996).Applicant
• Budagian et al., “A promiscuous liaison between IL-15 receptor and Axl receptor tyrosine kinase in cell death control,” EMBO J., 24(24):4260-70 (2005).Applicant
• Burges et al., “Effective relief of malignant ascites in patients with advanced ovarian cancer by a trifunctional anti-EpCAM × anti-CD3 antibody: a phase I/II study,” Clin. Cancer Res., 13(13):3899-905 (2007).Applicant
• Burgess et al., “Possible dissociation of the heparin-binding and mitogenic activities of heparin-binding (acidic fibroblast) growth factor-1 from its receptor-binding activities by site-directed mutagenesis of a single lysine residue,” J. Cell. Biol., 111:2129-2138 (1990).Applicant
• Calbiochem® Buffers, “A guide for the preparation and use of buffers in biological systems,” by Chandra Mohan, Ph.D., Copyrights© 2003 EMD Biosciences, Inc., an Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, 37 pages.Applicant
• Carter, “Bispecific human IgG by design,” J. Immunol Methods, 248:7-15 (2001).Applicant
• Chamow et al., “A humanized, bispecific immunoadhesin-antibody that retargets CD3+ effectors to kill HIV-1-infected cells,” J. Immunol., 153(9):4268-80 (1994).Applicant
• Chau et al., “HuM291(Nuvion), a humanized Fc receptor-nonbinding antibody against CD3, anergizes peripheral blood T cells as partial agonist of the T cell receptor,” Transplantation., 71(7):941-50 (2001).Applicant
• Chen et al., “Generation and analysis of random point mutations in an antibody CDR2 sequence: many mutated antibodies lose their ability to bind antigen,” J. Exp. Med., 176(3):855-66 (1992).Applicant
• Chen et al., “Defective secretion of an immunoglobulin caused by mutations in the heavy chain complementarity determining region 2,” J Exp. Med., 180(2):577-86 (1994).Applicant
• Chien et al., “Significant structural and functional change of an antigen-binding site by a distant amino acid substitution: proposal of a structural mechanism,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 86(14):5532-6 (1989).Applicant
• Chirino et al., “Minimizing the immunogenicity of protein therapeutics,” Drug Discov. Today., 9:82-90 (2004).Applicant
• Chu et al., “Accumulation of succinimide in a recombinant monoclonal antibody in mildly acidic buffers under elevated temperatures,” Pharm. Res., 24(6):1145-56 (2007).Applicant
• Chung et al., “Expression of the proto-oncogene Axl in renal cell carcinoma,” DNA Cell Biol., 22(8):533-40 (2003).Applicant
• Cole et al., “Human IgG2 variants of chimeric anti-CD3 are nonmitogenic to T cells,” J. Immunol., 159(7):3613-21 (1997).Applicant
• Comper and Glasgow, “Charge selectivity in kidney ultrafiltration,” Kidney Int., 47:1242-51 (1995).Applicant
• Cordoba et al., “Non-enzymatic hinge region fragmentation of antibodies in solution,” J. Chromatogr. B. Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 818(2):115-21 (2005).Applicant
• Couto et al., “Anti-BA46 Monoclonal Antibody Mc3: Humanization Using a Novel Positional Consensus and in Vivo and in Vitro Characterization,” Cancer Res., 55:1717-22 (1995).Applicant
• Craven et al., “Receptor tyrosine kinases expressed in metastatic colon cancer,” Int. J. Cancer, 60(6):791-7 (1995).Applicant
• Dall'Acqua et al., “Increasing the affinity of a human IgG1 for the neonatal Fc receptor: biological consequences,” J. Immunol., 169(9):5171-80 (2002).Applicant
• Dall'Acqua et al., “Antibody humanization by framework shuffling,” Methods, 36(1):43-60 (2005).Applicant
• Dall'Acqua et al., “Modulation of the effector functions of a human IgG1 through engineering of its hinge region,” J Immunol., 177(2):1129-38 (2006).Applicant
• Damschroder et al., “Framework shuffling of antibodies to reduce immunogenicity and manipulate functional and biophysical properties,” Mol. Immunol., 44(11):3049-60 (2007).Applicant
• Davies et al., “Affinity improvement of single antibody VH domains: residues in all three hypervariable regions affect antigen binding,” Immunotechnology, 2(3):169-79 (1996).Applicant
• De Pascalis et al., “Grafting of “abbreviated” complementarity-determining regions containing specificity-determining residues essential for ligand contact to engineer a less immunogenic humanized monoclonal antibody,” J. Immunol., 169(6):3076-84 (2002).Applicant
• Deen et al., “Structural determinants of glomerular permeability,” Am. J Physiol. Renal. Physiol., 281:F579-F596 (2001).Applicant
• De Groot et al., “De-immunization of therapeutic proteins by T-cell epitope modification,”Dev. Biol. (Basel), 122:171-94 (2005).Applicant
• Del Rio et al., “An Engineered Penicillin Acylase with Altered Surface Charge Is More Stable in Alkaline pH,” Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 799:61-64 (1996).Applicant
• Deng et al., “An Agonist Murine Monoclonal Antibody to the Human c-Mp1 Receptor Stimulates Megakaryocytopoiesis,” Blood, 92:1981-88 (1998).Applicant
• Dillon et al., “Interleukin 31, a cytokine produced by activated T cells, induces dermatitis in mice,” Nat. Immunol., 5(7):752-760 (2004).Applicant
• Dillon et al., “Structural and functional characterization of disulfide isoforms of the human IgG2 subclass,” J. Biol. Chem., 283:16206-15 (2008).Applicant
• Diveu et al., “GPL, a novel cytokine receptor related to GP130 and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor,” J. Biol. Chem., 278(50):49850-49859 (2003).Applicant
• Elliott et al., “Activation of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor by bivalent anti-EPO receptor antibodies,” J. Biol. Chem., 271(40):24691-7 (1996).Applicant
• Ewert et al., “Stability improvement of antibodies for extracellular and intracellular applications: CDR grafting to stable frameworks and structure-based framework engineering,” Methods, 34:184-199 (2004).Applicant
• Fridell et al., “GAS6 induces Axl-mediated chemotaxis of vascular smooth muscle cells,” J. Biol. Chem., 273(12):7123-6 (1998).Applicant
• Fujii, “Antibody affinity maturation by random mutagenesis,” Methods Mol. Biol., 248:345-59 (2004).Applicant
• Gelderman et al., “The inhibitory effect of CD46, CD55, and CD59 on complement activation after immunotherapeutic treatment of cervical carcinoma cells with monoclonal antibodies or bispecific monoclonal antibodies,” Lab Invest., 82(4):483-93 (2002).Applicant
• Gerstner et al., “Sequence plasticity in the antigen-binding site of a therapeutic anti-HER2 antibody,” J. Mol. Biol., 321(5):851-62 (2002).Applicant
• Gessner et al., “The IgG Fc receptor family,” Ann. Hematol., 76:231-248 (1998).Applicant
• Ghetie et al., “FcRn: the MHC class I-related receptor that is more than an IgG transporter,” Immunol. Today, 18:592-598 (1997).Applicant
• Ghetie et al., “Increasing the serum persistence of an IgG fragment by random mutagenesis,” Nat. Biotechnol., 15(7):637-40 (1997).Applicant
• Ghetie et al., “Multiple roles for the major histocompatibility complex class I- related receptor FcRn,” Annu. Rev. Immunol., 18:739-766 (2000).Applicant
• Gobburu et al., “Pharmacokinetics/dynamics of 5c8, a monoclonal antibody to CD154 (CD40 ligand) suppression of an immune response in monkeys,” J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 286:925-930 (1998).Applicant
• Goode et al., “The glomerular basement membrane charge-selectivity barrier: an oversimplified concept?” Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 11:1714-16 (1996).Applicant
• Goruppi et al., “Requirement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent pathway and Src for Gas6-Ax1 mitogenic and survival activities in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts,” Mol. Cell Biol., 17(8):4442-53 (1997).Applicant
• Graves et al., “Molecular modeling and preclinical evaluation of the humanized NR-LU-13 antibody,” Clin. Cancer Res., 5:899-908 (1999).Applicant
• Gupta et al., “Affinity chromatography and co-chromatography of bispecific monoclonal antibody immunoconjugates,” J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods, 51:203-216 (2002).Applicant
• Guyre et al., “Increased potency of Fc-receptor-targeted antigens,” Cancer Immunol. Immunother., 45(3-4):146-8 (1997).Applicant
• Hafizi et al., “Interaction of Axl receptor tyrosine kinase with C1-TEN, a novel C1 domain-containing protein with homology to tensin,” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 299(5):793-800 (2002).Applicant
• Hafizi et al., “Signalling and functional diversity within the Axl subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases,” Cytokine Growth Factor Rev., 17(4):295-304 (2006).Applicant
• Hanes et al., “Picomolar affinity antibodies from a fully synthetic naive library selected and evolved by ribosome display,” Nat. Biotechnol., 18(12):1287-1292 (2000).Applicant
• Hanson et al., “Catalytic antibodies and their applications,” Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 16:631-636 (2005).Applicant
• He et al., “Humanization and pharmacokinetics of a monoclonal antibody with specificity for both E- and P-selectin,” J. Immunol., 160:1029-35 (1998).Applicant
• Hinton et al., “An engineered human IgG1 antibody with longer serum half-life,” J. Immunol., 176(1):346-56 (2006).Applicant
• Hinton et al., “Engineered human IgG antibodies with longer serum half-lives in primates,” J. Biol. Chem., 279(8):6213-6 (2004).Applicant
• Holland et al., “Multiple roles for the receptor tyrosine kinase axl in tumor formation,” Cancer Res., 65(20):9294-303.Applicant
• Holt et al., “Domain antibodies: proteins for therapy,” Trends Biotechnol., 21(11):484-90 (2003).Applicant
• Hwang et al., “Use of human germline genes in a CDR homology-based approach to antibody humanization,” Methods, 36:35-42 (2005).Applicant
• Igawa et al., “Engineering the variable region of therapeutic IgG antibodies,” MAbs, 3(3):243-52 (2011).Applicant
• Igawa et al., “Reduced elimination of IgG antibodies by engineering the variable region,” Protein Eng. Des. Sel., 23(5):385-92 (2010).Applicant
• Igawa et al., “Antibody recycling by engineered pH-dependent antigen binding improves the duration of antigen neutralization,” Nat. Biotechnol., 28(11):1203-7 (2010).Applicant
• Ito et al., “The His-probe method: effects of histidine residues introduced into the complementarity-determining regions of antibodies on antigen-antibody interactions at different pH values,” FEBS Lett., 309:85-88 (1992).Applicant
• Ito et al., “Expression of receptor-type tyrosine kinase, Axl, and its ligand, Gas6, in pediatric thyroid carcinomas around Chernobyl,” Thyroid., 12(11):971-5 (2002).Applicant
• Jefferis et al., “Recognition sites on human IgG for Fc gamma receptors: the role of glycosylation,” Immunol. Lett., 44(2-3):111-7 (1995).Applicant
• Johnson et al., “Cation exchange-HPLC and mass spectrometry reveal C-terminal amidation of an IgG1 heavy chain,” Anal. Biochem., 360:75-83 (2007).Applicant
• Jones et al., “Identification and removal of a promiscuous CD4+ T cell epitope from the C1 domain of factor VIII,” Thromb. Haemost., 3:991-1000 (2005).Applicant
• Kai et al., “Switching constant domains enhances agonist activities of antibodies to a thrombopoietin receptor,” Nat. Biotechnol., 26(2):209-11 (2008).Applicant
• Kashmiri et al., “Generation, characterization, and in vivo studies of humanized anticarcinoma antibody CC49,” Hybridoma, 14:461-473 (1995).Applicant
• Katayose et al., “MUC1-specific targeting immunotherapy with bispecific antibodies: inhibition of xenografted human bile duct carcinoma growth,” Cancer Res., 56(18):4205-12 (1996).Applicant
• Khawli et al., “Improved tumor localization and radioimaging with chemically modified monoclonal antibodies,” Cancer Biother. Radiopharm., 11:203-215 (1996).Applicant
• Kim et al., “Antibody Engineering for the Development of Therapeutic Antibodies,” Mol. Cells, 20:17-29 (2005).Applicant
• Kim et al., “Chemical modification to reduce renal uptake of disulfide-bonded variable region fragment of anti-tac monoclonal antibody labeled with 99mTc,” Bioconjugate Chem., 10:447-453 (1999).Applicant
• Kim et al., “Lowering of pI by acylation improves the renal uptake of 99mTc-labeled anti-Tac dsFv: effect of different acylating reagents,” Nucl. Med. Biol., 29:795-801 (2002).Applicant
• Kim et al., “Mapping the site on human IgG for binding of the MHC class I-related receptor, FcRn,” Eur. J. Immunol., 29(9):2819-25 (1999).Applicant
• Kobayashi et al., “A monoclonal antibody specific for a distinct region of hen egg-white lysozyme,” Mol. Immunol., 19:619-30 (1982).Applicant
• Kobayashi et al., “The pharmacokinetic characteristics of glycolated humanized anti-Tac Fabs are determined by their isoelectric points,” Cancer Res., 59:422-430 (1999).Applicant
• Komissarov et al., “Site-specific mutagenesis of a recombinant anti-single-stranded DNA Fab. Role of heavy chain complementarity-determining region 3 residues in antigen interaction,” J. Biol. Chem., 272(43):26864-70 (1997).Applicant
• Kreutz et al., “Efficient bispecific monoclonal antibody purification using gradient thiophilic affinity chromatography,” J. Chromatogr. B, 714:161-170 (1998).Applicant
• Kurfis et al., “Role of Arg182 in the second extracellular loop of angiotensin II receptor AT2 in ligand binding,” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 263:816-819 (1999).Applicant
• Lay et al., “Sulfasalazine suppresses drug resistance and invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma cells expressing AXL,” Cancer Res., 67(8):3878-87 (2007).Applicant
• Lazar et al., “Transforming growth factor alpha: mutation of aspartic acid 47 and leucine 48 results in different biological activities,” Mol. Cell. Biol., 8:1247-1252 (1988).Applicant
• Leong et al., “Adapting pharmacokinetic properties of a humanized anti-interleukin-8 antibody for therapeutic applications using site-specific pegylation,” Cytokine, 16(3):106-19 (2001).Applicant
• Levin et al., “Optimizing the affinity and specificity of proteins with molecular display,” Mol. Biosyst., 2(1):49-57 (2006) (Epub Nov. 8, 2005).Applicant
• Lindhofer et al., “Preferential Species-Restricted Heavy/Light Chain Pairing in Rat/Mouse Quadromas,” J. Immunol., 155:219-225 (1995).Applicant
• Liu et al., “Heterogeneity of monoclonal antibodies,” J. Pharm. Sci., 97(7):2426-47 (2008).Applicant
• Lobo et al., “Antibody pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics,” J. Pharm. Sci., 93:2645-68 (2004).Applicant
• Lund et al., “Expression and characterization of truncated forms of humanized L243 IgG1. Architectural features can influence synthesis of its oligosaccharide chains and affect superoxide production triggered through human Fcgamma receptor I,” Eur. J. Biochem., 267:7246-57 (2000).Applicant
• MacCallum et al., “Antibody-antigen interactions: contact analysis and binding site topography,” J. Mol. Biol., 262:732-45 (1996).Applicant
• Maeda et al., “pH-dependent receptor/ligand dissociation as a determining factor for intracellular sorting of ligands for epidermal growth factor receptors in rat hepatocytes,” J. Control Release, 82(1):71-82 (2002).Applicant
• Maini et al., “Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial of the interleukin-6 receptor antagonist, tocilizumab, in European patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had an incomplete response to methotrexate,” Arthritis Rheum., 54:2817-29 (2006).Applicant
• Manzke et al., “Single-step purification of bispecific monoclonal antibodies for immunotherapeutic use by hydrophobic interaction chromatography,” J. Immunol. Methods, 208:65-73 (1997).Applicant
• Martin et al., “Crystal structure at 2.8 A of an FcRn/heterodimeric Fc complex: mechanism of pH-dependent binding,” Mol. Cell, 7:867-877 (2001).Applicant
• Martinez et al., “Disulfide connectivity of human immunoglobulin G2 structural isoforms,” Biochemistry, 47(28):7496-7508 (2008).Applicant
• Marvin et al., “Recombinant approaches to IgG-like bispecific antibodies,” Acta. Pharmacol. Sin., 26:649-658 (2005).Applicant
• Marvin et al., “Redesigning an antibody fragment for faster association with its antigen,” Biochemistry, 42:7077-83 (2003).Applicant
• Maxfield et al., “Endocytic recycling,” Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 5(2):121-32 (2004).Applicant
• Maynard et al., “Antibody engineering,” Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng., 2:339-76 (2000).Applicant
• McCloskey et al., “GAS6 mediates adhesion of cells expressing the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl,” J. Biol. Chem., 272(37):23285-91 (1997).Applicant
• Merchant et al., “An efficient route to human bispecific IgG,” Nat. Biotechnol., 16:677-681 (1998).Applicant
• Meric et al., “Expression profile of tyrosine kinases in breast cancer,” Clin. Cancer Res., 8(2):361-7 (2002).Applicant
• Morell et al., “Metabolic properties of IgG subclasses in man,” J. Clin. Invest., 49(4):673-80 (1970).Applicant
• Murtaugh et al., “A combinatorial histidine scanning library approach to engineer highly pH-dependent protein switches,” Protein Sci., 20(9):1619-31 doi:10.1002/pro 696 (2011).Applicant
• Nakano et al., “Vascular smooth muscle cell-derived, Gla-containing growth-potentiating factor For Ca(2+)-mobilizing growth factors,” J Biol. Chem., 270(11):5702-5 (1995).Applicant
• Nakano et al., “Prevention of growth arrest-induced cell death of vascular smooth muscle cells by a product of growth arrest-specific gene, gas6,” FEBS Lett., 387(1):78-80 (1996).Applicant
• Neis et al., “Enhanced expression levels of IL-31 correlate with IL-4 and IL-13 in atopic and allergic contact dermatitis,” J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 118(4):930-937 (2006).Applicant
• Neubauer et al., “Expression of axl, a transforming receptor tyrosine kinase, in normal and malignant hematopoiesis,” Blood, 84(6):1931-41 (1994).Applicant
• Nesterova et al., “Glypican-3 as a novel target for an antibody-drug conjugate,” AACR Abstract No. 656, Los Angeles, CA (Apr. 4-18, 2007).Applicant
• Nishimoto et al., “Humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody treatment of multicentric Castleman disease,” Blood, 106:2627-32 (2005).Applicant
• Nishimoto et al., “Interleukin 6: from bench to bedside,” Nat. Clin. Pract. Rheumatol., 2:619-626 (2006).Applicant
• O'Bryan et al., “axl, a transforming gene isolated from primary human myeloid leukemia cells, encodes a novel receptor tyrosine kinase,” Mol. Cell Biol., 11(10):5016-31 (1991).Applicant
• Ohno et al., “Antigen-binding specificities of antibodies are primarily determined by seven residues of VH,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 82(9):2945-9 (1985).Applicant
• Ohsugi et al., Pharm. Stage, 7:13-18 (2007).Applicant
• Onda et al., “Lowering the Isoelectric Point of the Fv Portion of Recombinant Immunotoxins Leads to Decreased Nonspecific Animal Toxicity without Affecting Antitumor Activity,” Cancer Res., 61:5070-77 (2001).Applicant
• Ono et al., “The humanized anti-HM1.24 antibody effectively kills multiple myeloma cells by human effector cell-mediated cytotoxicity,” Mol. Immunol., 36(6):387-95 (1999).Applicant
• Ozhegov et al., Tolkovyi Slovar Russkogo iazyka: 2004, p. 292.Applicant
• Padlan et al., “Identification of specificity-determining residues in antibodies,” FASEB J., 9:133-139 (1995).Applicant
• Panka et al., “Variable region framework differences result in decreased or increased affinity of variant anti-digoxin antibodies,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 85(9):3080-4 (1988).Applicant
• Pardridge et al., “Enhanced endocytosis in cultured human breast carcinoma cells and in vivo biodistribution in rats of a humanized monoclonal antibody after cationization of the protein,” J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 286(1):548-54 (1998).Applicant
• Pavlaki et al., “Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs): the beginning of phase I or the termination of phase III clinical trials,” Cancer Metastasis Rev., 22(2-3):177-203 (2003).Applicant
• Pavlinkova et al., “Charge-modified single chain antibody constructs of monoclonal antibody CC49: Generation, characterization, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution analysis,” Nucl. Med. Biol., 26:27-34 (1999).Applicant
• Pavlou et al., “The therapeutic antibodies market to 2008,” Eur. J Pharm. Biopharm., 59:389-396 (2005).Applicant
• Pint et al., “Design and use of a phage display library. Human antibodies with subnanomolar affinity against a marker of angiogenesis eluted from a two-dimensional gel,” J. Biol. Chem., 273(34):21769-76 (1998).Applicant
• Poduslo et al., “Polyamine modification increases the permeability of proteins at the blood-nerve and blood-brain barriers,” J. Neurochem., 66:1599-1609 (1996).Applicant
• Pons et al., “Energetic analysis of an antigen/antibody interface: alanine scanning mutagenesis and double mutant cycles on the HyHEL-10/lysozyme interaction,” Protein Sci., 8(5):958-68 (1999).Applicant
• Presta, “Engineering of therapeutic antibodies to minimize immunogenicity and optimize function,” Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 58(5-6):640-56 (2006).Applicant
• Queen et al., “A humanized antibody that binds to the interleukin 2 receptor,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 86(24):10029-10033 (1989).Applicant
• R&D Systems (R&D Systems, Anti-human IL-31 RA Antibody, Catalog #AF2769, Oct. 2008), 1 page.Applicant
• R&D Systems (R&D Systems, Biotinylated Anti-human IL-31 RA Antibody, Catalog #BAF2769, Nov. 2005), 1 page.Applicant
• Raap et al., “Correlation of IL-31 serum levels with severity of atopic dermatitis,” J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 122(2):421-423 (2008).Applicant
• Raffen et al., “Reengineering immunoglobulin domain interactions by introduction of charged residues,” Protein Eng., 11:303-309 (1998).Applicant
• Rajpal et al., A general method for greatly improving the affinity of antibodies by using combinatorial libraries, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 102:8466-71 (2005).Applicant
• Rathanaswami et al., “Demonstration of an in vivo generated sub-picomolar affinity fully human monoclonal antibody to interleukin-8,” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 334:1004-13 (2005).Applicant
• Reddy et al., “Elimination of Fc receptor-dependent effector functions of a modified IgG4 monoclonal antibody to human CD4,” J. Immunol., 164(4):1925-33 (2000).Applicant
• Reichert et al., “Monoclonal antibody successes in the clinic,” Nat. Biotechnol., 23:1073-78 (2005).Applicant
• Reichert et al., “Development trends for monoclonal antibody cancer therapeutics,” Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 6(5):349-56 (2007).Applicant
• Rothe et al., “Ribosome display for improved biotherapeutic molecules,” Expert Opin. Biol. Ther., 6:177-187 (2006).Applicant
• Rudikoff et al., “Single amino acid substitution altering antigen-binding specificity,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 79(6):1979-83 (1982).Applicant
• Ruf et al., “Pharmacokinetics and in vivo stability of intraperitoneally administered therapeutic antibody catumaxomab,” J. Clin. Oncol., 26 (May 20 suppl) (2008), abstr 14006.Applicant
• Sainaghi et al., “Gas6 induces proliferation in prostate carcinoma cell lines expressing the Axl receptor,” J. Cell. Physiol., 204(1):36-44 (2005).Applicant
• Salfeld et al., “Isotype selection in antibody engineering,” Nat. Biotechnol., 25:1369-72 (2007).Applicant
• Sal-Man et al., “Arginine mutations within a transmembrane domain of Tar, an Escherichia coli aspartate receptor, can drive homodimer dissociation and heterodimer association in vivo,” Biochem. J., 385:29-36 (2005).Applicant
• Sarmay et al., “Mapping and comparison of the interaction sites on the Fc region of IgG responsible for triggering antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) through different types of human Fc gamma receptor,” Mol. Immunol., 29(5):633-9 (1992).Applicant
• Sato et al., “Reshaping a human antibody to inhibit the interleukin 6-dependent tumor cell growth,” Cancer Res., 53:851-856 (1993).Applicant
• Sawabu et al., “Growth arrest-specific gene 6 and Axl signaling enhances gastric cancer cell survival via Akt pathway,” Mol. Carcinog., 46(2):155-64 (2007).Applicant
• Schaeffer et al., “The Rat Glomerular Filtration Barrier Does Not Show Negative Charge Selectivity,” Microcirculation, 9:329-342 (2002).Applicant
• Schmidt et al., Human Physiology, Moscow, 2:431-436 (1996), (English translation: Schmidt et al., “Hemostatis and Coagulation,” Human Physiology, R.F. Schmidt, G. Thews (Eds.)), Second, Completely Revised Edition, 418-423 [translated by Marguerite A. Biederman-Thorson], Springer-Verlag, 1989.Applicant
• Schmidt et al., Human Physiology, Moscow, 3:764 (1996), (English translation: Schmidt et al., “Enzymes of the pancreatic juice,” Human Physiology, R.F. Schmidt, G. Thews (Eds.)), Second, Completely Revised Edition, 716 [translated by Marguerite A. Biederman-Thorson], Springer-Verlag, 1989.Applicant
• Schmitz et al., “Phage display: a molecular tool for the generation of antibodies—a review,” Placenta., 21 Suppl A:S106-12 (2000).Applicant
• Segal et al., “Bispecific antibodies in cancer therapy,” Curr. Opin. Immunol., 11:558-562 (1999).Applicant
• Shaul, “Exploring the charge space of protein-protein association: a proteomic study,” Proteins, 60:341-352 (2005).Applicant
• Shieh et al., “Expression of axl in lung adenocarcinoma and correlation with tumor progression,” Neoplasia., 7(12):1058-64 (2005).Applicant
• Shields et al., “High resolution mapping of the binding site on human IgG1 for Fc gamma RI, Fc gamma RII, Fc gamma RIII, and FcRn and design of IgG1 variants with improved binding to the Fc gamma R,” J. Biol. Chem., 276:6591-6604 (2001) (Epub Nov. 28, 2000).Applicant
• Shire et al., “Challenges in the development of high protein concentration formulations,” J. Pharm. Sci., 93:1390-1402 (2004).Applicant
• Sinha et al., “Electrostatics in protein binding and function,” Curr. Protein Pept. Sci., 3(6):601-14 (2002).Applicant
• Sonkoly et al., “IL-31: a new link between T cells and pruritus in atopic skin inflammation,” J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 117:411-417 (2006).Applicant
• Strand et al., “Biologic therapies in rheumatology: lessons learned, future directions,” Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 6:75-92 (2007).Applicant
• Stenhoff et al., “Vitamin K-dependent Gas6 activates ERK kinase and stimulates growth of cardiac fibroblasts,” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 319(3):871-8 (2004).Applicant
• Sun et al., “Coexpression of Gas6/Axl in human ovarian cancers,” Oncology, 66(6):450-7 (2004).Applicant
• Tan et al., “Engineering the isoelectric point of a renal cell carcinoma targeting antibody greatly enhances scFv solubility,” Immunotechnology, 4(2):107-114 (1998).Applicant
• Tarditi et al., “Selective high-performance liquid chromatographic purification of bispecific monoclonal antibodies,” J. Chromatogr., 599:13-20 (1992).Applicant
• Teeling et al., “The biological activity of human CD20 monoclonal antibodies is linked to unique epitopes on CD20,” J. Immunol., 177(1):362-71 (2006).Applicant
• Ten Kate et al., “Effect of isoelectric point on biodistribution and inflammation: imaging with indium-111-labelled IgG,” Eur. J. Nucl. Med., 17:305-309 (1990).Applicant
• Tsuchiya, Credit Suisse Seminar, “Therapeutic Antibody,” at Fuji-Gotemba Laboratories, p. 21 (2006).Applicant
• Tsurushita et al., “Design of humanized antibodies: From anti-Tac to Zenapax,” Methods, 36:69-83 (2005).Applicant
• Vaisitti et al., “Cationization of monoclonal antibodies: another step towards the “magic bullet”?,” J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents., 19(3-4):105-12 (2005).Applicant
• Vajdos et al., “Comprehensive functional maps of the antigen-binding site of an anti-ErbB2 antibody obtained with shotgun scanning mutagenesis,” J. Mol. Biol., 320(2):415-28 (2002).Applicant
• Vajkoczy et al., “Dominant-negative inhibition of the Axl receptor tyrosine kinase suppresses brain tumor cell growth and invasion and prolongs survival,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 103(15):5799-804 (2006).Applicant
• Van Walle et al., Immunogenicity screening in protein drug development, Expert Opin. Biol. Ther., 7:405-418 (2007).Applicant
• Varnum et al., “Axl receptor tyrosine kinase stimulated by the vitamin K-dependent protein encoded by growth-arrest-specific gene 6,” Nature, 373(6515):623-6 (1995).Applicant
• Wang et al., “Polyethylene Glycol-modified Chimeric Toxin Composed of Transforming Growth Factor alpha and Pseudomonas Exotoxin,” Cancer. Res., 53:4588-4594 (1993).Applicant
• Wiens et al., “Somatic mutation in VH complementarity-determining region 2 and framework region 2: differential effects on antigen binding and Ig secretion,” J. Immunol., 159(3):1293-302 (1997).Applicant
• Wiens et al., “Mutation of a single conserved residue in VH complementarity-determining region 2 results in a severe Ig secretion defect,” J. Immunol., 167(4):2179-86 (2001).Applicant
• Wu et al., “Development of motavizumab, an ultra-potent antibody for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the upper and lower respiratory tract,” J. Mol. Biol., 368:652-665 (2007).Applicant
• Wu et al., “Humanization of a murine monoclonal antibody by simultaneous optimization of framework and CDR residues,” J. Mol. Biol., 294(1):151-62 (1999).Applicant
• Wypych et al., “Human IgG2 antibodies display disulfide-mediated structural isoforms,” J. Biol. Chem., 283(23):16194-16205 (2008).Applicant
• Xiang et al., “Study of B72.3 combining sites by molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis,” Protein Eng., 13(5):339-44 (2000).Applicant
• Yagi et al., “Interleukin-31 stimulates production of inflammatory mediators from human colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts,” Int. J. Mol. Med., 19(6):941-946 (2007).Applicant
• Yamagata et al., “Synaptic adhesion molecules,” Curr. Opin. Cell Biol., 15(5):621-32 (2003).Applicant
• Yamasaki et al., “Pharmacokinetic analysis of in vivo disposition of succinylated proteins targeted to liver nonparenchymal cells via scavenger receptors: importance of molecular size and negative charge density for in vivo recognition by receptors,” J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 301:467-477 (2002).Applicant
• Yang et al., “Tailoring structure-function and pharmacokinetic properties of single-chain Fv proteins by site-specific PEGylation,” Protein Eng., 16:761-770 (2003).Applicant
• Yeung et al., “Engineering human IgG1 affinity to human neonatal Fc receptor: impact of affinity improvement on pharmacokinetics in primates,” J. Immunol., 182(12):7663-71 (2009).Applicant
• Zhu et al., “MHC class I-related neonatal Fc receptor for IgG is functionally expressed in monocytes, intestinal macrophages, and dendritic cells,” J. Immunol., 166(5):3266-76 (2001).Applicant
• Zuckier et al., “Chimeric human-mouse IgG antibodies with shuffled constant region exons demonstrate that multiple domains contribute to in vivo half-life,” Cancer Res., 58:3905-08 (1998).Applicant
• Zwick et al., “The long third complementarity-determining region of the heavy chain is important in the activity of the broadly neutralizing anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antibody 2F5,” J. Virol., 78(6):3155-61 (2004).Applicant
• International Search Report for App. Ser. No. PCT/JP2008/067534, dated Oct. 21, 2008, 4 pages.Applicant
• International Preliminary Report on Patentability for App. Ser. No. PCT/JP2008/067534, dated Apr. 7, 2010, 7 pages.Applicant
• International Search Report for App. Ser. No. PCT/JP2009/066590, dated Oct. 20, 2009, 2 pages.Applicant
• International Preliminary Report on Patentability for App. Ser. No. PCT/JP2009/066590, dated May 10, 2011, 6 pages.Applicant
• International Preliminary Report on Patentability for App. Ser. No. PCT/JP2008/067499, dated Apr. 7, 2010, 6 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Restriction Requirement in U.S. Appl. No. 12/680,112, dated Oct. 7, 2011, 6 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Amendment and Response to Species Election Requirement dated Oct. 7, 2011 in U.S. Appl. No. 12/680,112, filed Dec. 6, 2011, 15 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Non Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/680,112, dated Feb. 29, 2012, 8 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Amendment in Reply to Action of Feb. 29, 2012 in U.S. Appl. No. 12/680,112, filed Aug. 27, 2012, 12 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Restriction Requirement in U.S. Appl. No. 12/680,112, dated Sep. 19, 2012, 6 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Amendment and Reply to Restriction Requirement dated Sep. 19, 2012 in U.S. Appl. No. 12/680,112, filed Oct. 17, 2012, 13 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Restriction Requirement in U.S. Appl. No. 12/295,039, dated Oct. 12, 2010, 9 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Response to Restriction Requirement dated Oct. 12, 2010 in U.S. Appl. No. 12/295,039, filed Apr. 11, 2011, 9 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Non-Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/295,039, dated Jun. 28, 2011, 9 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Amendment in Reply to Action dated Jun. 28, 2011 in U.S. Appl. No. 12/295,039, filed Dec. 27, 2011, 14 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/295,039, dated Apr. 12, 2012, 8 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Amendment in Reply to Action dated Apr. 12, 2012 in U.S. Appl. No. 12/295,039, filed Sep. 11, 2012, 12 pages.Applicant
• International Preliminary Report on Patentability for App. Ser. No. PCT/JP2007/057036, dated Oct. 21, 2008, 6 pages.Applicant
• International Search Report for App. Ser. No. PCT/JP2007/057036, dated May 1, 2007, 2 pages.Applicant
• European Search Report for App. Ser. No. 07 74 0494, dated Sep. 3, 2009, 3 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Restriction Requirement in U.S. App. Ser. No. 12/679,922, dated Oct. 2, 2012, 9 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Response to Restriction Requirement dated Oct. 2, 2012 in U.S. Appl. No. 12/679,922, filed Nov. 1, 2012, 2 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Non-Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/679,922, dated Jan. 3, 2013, 25 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Restriction Requirement in U.S. Appl. No. 12/936,587, dated Dec. 6, 2011, 7 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Third Preliminary Amendment and Response to Restriction Requirement dated Dec. 6, 2011 in U.S. Appl. No. 12/936,587, filed Jun. 5, 2012, 7 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Restriction Requirement in U.S. Appl. No. 12/936,587, dated Jun. 25, 2012, 5 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Response to Species Election Requirement dated Jun. 25, 2012 in U.S. Appl. No. 12/936,587, filed Jul. 25, 2012, 1 page.Applicant
• USPTO Non-Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/936,587, dated Nov. 7, 2012, 13 pages.Applicant
• International Search Report for App. Ser. No. PCT/JP2009/057309, dated Jul. 7, 2009, 8 pages.Applicant
• International Preliminary Report on Patentability for App. Ser. No. PCT/JP2009/057309, dated Nov. 30, 2010, 7 pages.Applicant
• European Search Report for App. Ser. No. EP 09 72 9337, dated Nov. 3, 2011, 3 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Non-Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 13/595,139, dated Nov. 14, 2012, 10 pages.Applicant
• International Preliminary Report on Patentability for App. Ser. No. PCT/JP2007/057058, dated Oct. 21, 2008, 11 pages.Applicant
• International Search Report App. Ser. No. PCT/JP2007/057058, dated May 7, 2001, 2 pages.Applicant
• European Search Report for App. Ser. No. 07 74 0474, dated Mar. 16, 2009, 5 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Amendment and Response to Restriction Requirement dated Nov. 18, 2009 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/575,905, filed Apr. 16, 2010, 12 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Amendment in Reply to Action dated Jun. 23, 2010 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/575,905, filed Dec. 22, 2010, 10 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 10/575,905, dated Feb. 24, 2011, 7 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Amendment in Reply to Action dated Jun. 23, 2010 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/575,193, filed Dec. 22, 2010, 13 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 10/575,193, dated Mar. 18, 2011, 11 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Amendment in U.S. Appl. No. 10/575,193, filed Jun. 17, 2011, 15 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 10/575,193, dated Jul. 13, 2011, 8 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Restriction Requirement in U.S. Appl. No. 12/295,075, dated Feb. 22, 2011, 9 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Response to Restriction Requirement dated Feb. 22, 2011 in U.S. Appl. No. 12/295,075, filed Aug. 18, 2011, 2 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Non-Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/295,075, dated Nov. 4, 2011, 14 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Amendment in Reply to Action dated Nov. 4, 2011 in U.S. Appl. No. 12/295,075, filed May 3, 2012, 12 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/295,075, dated Jul. 19, 2012, 12 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Amendment in Reply to Action dated Jul. 19, 2012 in U.S. Appl. No. 12/295,075, filed Jan. 17, 2013, 113 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Restriction Requirement in U.S. Appl. No. 11/910,836, dated Mar. 18, 2011, 7 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Response to Restriction Requirement dated Mar. 18, 2011 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/910,836, filed Sep. 6, 2011, 1 page.Applicant
• USPTO Non-Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 11/910,836, dated Sep. 30, 2011, 21 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Restriction Requirement in U.S. Appl. No. 11/910,128, dated Jun. 9, 2011, 10 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Response to Restriction Requirement dated Jun. 9, 2011 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/910,128, filed Dec. 2, 2011, 1 page.Applicant
• USPTO Non-Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 11/910,128, dated Apr. 25, 2012, 21 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Amendment in Reply to Office Action dated Apr. 25, 2012 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/910,128, filed Oct. 25, 2012, 32 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Supplemental Amendment in U.S. Appl. No. 11/910,128, filed Nov. 14, 2012, 20 pages.Applicant
• International Preliminary Report on Patentability for App. Ser. No. PCT/JP2009/070376, dated Jul. 5, 2011, 11 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Non-Final Office Action U.S. Appl. No. 12/680,087, dated Oct. 27, 2011, 6 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Amendment and Reply to Action dated Oct. 27, 2011 in U.S. Appl. No. 12/680,087, filed Jan. 26, 2012, 6 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 12/680,087, dated Feb. 24, 2012, 5 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 12/680,087, dated Jun. 25, 2012, 11 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 12/680,087, dated Nov. 26, 2012, 7 pages.Applicant
• International Preliminary Report on Patentability for App. Ser. No. PCT/JP2010/058166, dated Dec. 16, 2011, 15 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Restriction Requirement in U.S. Appl. No. 12/680,082, dated Jun. 6, 2012, 12 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Fourth Preliminary Amendment and Response to Restriction Requirement dated Jun. 6, 2012 in U.S. Appl. No. 12/680,082, filed Jun. 29, 2012, 13 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Restriction Requirement in U.S. Appl. No. 12/680,082, dated Sep. 14, 2012, 6 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Amendment and Response to Election Requirement dated Sep. 14, 2012 in U.S. Appl. No. 12/680,082, filed Nov. 8, 2012, 14 pages.Applicant
• International Search Report for App. Ser. No. PCT/JP2010/066490, dated Nov. 9, 2010, 5 pages.Applicant
• International Preliminary Report on Patentability for App. Ser. No. PCT/JP2010/066490, dated Apr. 11, 2012, 6 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Restriction Requirement in U.S. Appl. No. 13/434,643, dated Jul. 27, 2012, 6 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Response to Restriction Requirement dated Jul. 27, 2012 and Preliminary Amendment in U.S. Appl. No. 13/434,643, filed Jan. 24, 2013, 10 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Restriction Requirement in U.S. Appl. No. 12/745,781, dated Sep. 4, 2012, 10 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Response to Restriction Requirement dated Sep. 4, 2012 in U.S. Appl. No. 12/745,781, filed Sep. 21, 2012, 176 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Non-Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/745,781, dated Oct. 18, 2012, 21 pages.Applicant
• International Preliminary Report on Patentability for App. Ser. No. PCT/JP2010/073361, dated Aug. 14, 2012, 7 pages.Applicant
• International Search Report for App. Ser. No. PCT/JP2011/055101, dated May 10, 2011, 4 pages.Applicant
• International Preliminary Report on Patentability for App. Ser. No. PCT/JP2011/055101, dated Oct. 2, 2012, 6 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Restriction Requirement in U.S. Appl. No. 13/497,269, dated Dec. 6, 2012, 9 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Restriction Requirement in U.S. Appl. No. 12/809,138, dated Dec. 13, 2012, 8 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Restriction Requirement in U.S. Appl. No. 13/320,317, dated Dec. 18, 2012, 13 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Response to Restriction Requirement dated Dec. 18, 2012 in U.S. Appl. No. 13/320,317, filed Jan. 18, 2013, 3 pages.Applicant
• International Search Report for App. Ser. No. PCT/JP2011/001888, dated Nov. 2, 2011, 7 pages.Applicant
• Alley et al., “Antibody-drug conjugates: targeted drug delivery for cancer,” Curr Opin Chem Biol., Aug. 2010; 14(4):529-37. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.06.170. Epub Jul. 17, 2010.Applicant
• Baeuerle et al., “BiTE: Teaching antibodies to engage T-cells for cancer therapy,” Curr Opin Mol Ther., 11(1):22-30 (2009).Applicant
• Davda et al., “Properties of a general PK/PD model of antibody-ligand interactions for therapeutic antibodies that bind to soluble endogenous targets,”MAbs, Sep.-Oct. 2010; 2(5):576-88. doi:10.4161/mabs.2.5.12833. Epub Sep. 1, 2010.Applicant
• De Bono et al., “ING-1, a monoclonal antibody targeting Ep-CAM in patients with advanced adenocarcinomas,” Clin Cancer Res., 10(22):7555-65 (2004).Applicant
• Deng et al., “Pharmacokinetics of humanized monoclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} antibody and its neonatal Fc receptor variants in mice and cynomolgus monkeys,” Drug Metab Dispos., Apr. 2010;38(4):600-5. doi: 10.1124/dmd.109.031310. Epub Jan. 13, 2010.Applicant
• Desjarlais et al., “Optimizing engagement of the immune system by anti-tumor antibodies: an engineer's perspective,” Drug Discov Today, Nov. 2007; 12(21-22):898-910. Epub Oct. 22, 2007.Applicant
• Haringman et al., “A randomized controlled trial with an anti-CCL2 (anti-monocyte chemotactic protein 1) monoclonal antibody in patients with rheumatoid arthritis,” Arthritis Rheum., 54(8):2387-92 (2006).Applicant
• Juszczak et al., “Ipilimumab: a novel immunomodulating therapy causing autoimmune hypophysitis: a case report and review,” Eur J Endocrinol., Jul. 2012; 167(1):1-5. doi: 10.1530/EJE-12-0167. Epub Apr. 10, 2012.Applicant
• Lewis et al., “Differential responses of human tumor cell lines to anti-p185HER2 monoclonal antibodies,” Cancer Immunol Immunother., 37(4):255-63 (1993).Applicant
• Lutterbuese et al., “T cell-engaging BiTE antibodies specific for EGFR potently eliminate KRAS- and BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer cells,” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A., Jul. 13, 2010; 107(28):12605-10. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1000976107. Epub Jun. 28, 2010.Applicant
• Martin et al., “Preclinical safety and immune-modulatng effects of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies to interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in cynomolgus macaques,” J Immunotoxicol., Jul. 1, 2004;1(3):131-9. doi:10.1080/15476910490894904.Applicant
• Nam et al., “Current evidence for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a systematic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of RA,” Ann Rheum Dis., Jun. 2010; 69(6):976-86. doi: 10.1136/ard.2009.126573. Epub May 6, 2010.Applicant
• Nishimoto et al., “Mechanisms and pathologic significances in increase in serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble IL-6 receptor after administration of an anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, tocilizumab, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and Castleman disease,” Blood, Nov. 15, 2008;112(10):3959-64. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-05-155846. Epub Sep. 10, 2008.Applicant
• Petkova et al., “Enhanced half-life of genetically engineered human IgG1 antibodies in a humanized FcRn mouse model: potential application in humorally mediated autoimmune disease,” Int Immunol., 18(12):1759-69 (2006).Applicant
• Reverberi et al., “Factors affecting the antigen-antibody reaction,” Blood Transfus., Nov. 2007;5(4):227-40. doi: 10.2450/2007.0047-07.Applicant
• Riechelmann et al., “Phase I trial with the CD44v6-targeting immunoconjugate bivatuzumab mertansine in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,” Oral Oncol., Sep. 2008; 44(9):823-9. doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2007.10.009. Epub Jan. 18, 2008.Applicant
• Roopenian et al., “FcRn: the neonatal Fc receptor comes of age,” Nat Rev Immunol., 7(9):715-25 (2007).Applicant
• Satoh et al., “Non-fucosylated therapeutic antibodies as next-generation therapeutic antibodies,” Expert Opin Biol Ther., 6(11):1161-73 (2006).Applicant
• Takeuchi et al., “The Japanese experience with biologic therapies for rheumatoid arthritis,” Nat Rev Rheumatol., Nov. 2010; 6(11):644-52. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2010.154. Epub Sep. 28, 2010.Applicant
• Trinh et al., “Ipilimumab in the treatment of melanoma,” Expert Opin Biol Ther., Jun. 2012; 12(6):773-82. doi: 10.1517/14712598.2012.675325. Epub Apr. 14, 2012.Applicant
• Vaccaro et al., “Engineering the Fc region of immunoglobulin G to modulate in vivo antibody levels,” Nat Biotechnol., 23(10):1283-8 (2005).Applicant
• Weiner et al., “Monoclonal antibodies: versatile platforms for cancer immunotherapy,” Nat Rev Immunol., May 2010; 10(5):317-27. doi: 10.1038/nri2744.Applicant
• Xiao et al., “Pharmacokinetics of anti-hepcidin monoclonal antibody Ab 12B9m and hepcidin in cynomolgus monkeys,” AAPS J., Dec. 2010;12(4):646-57. doi: 10.1208/s12248-010-9222-0. Epub Aug. 25, 2010.Applicant
• Zheng et al., “Translational pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of an FcRn-variant anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody from preclinical model to phase I study,” Clin Pharmacol Ther., Feb. 2011; 89(2):283-90. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2010.311. Epub Dec. 29, 2010.Applicant
• International Search Report for App. Ser. No. PCT/JP2012/006218, dated Mar. 26, 2013, 11 pages.Applicant
• Sims et al., “HMGB1 and RAGE in inflammation and cancer,” Annu Rev Immunol., 28:367-88 (2010).Applicant
• Wang et al., “HMG-1 as a late mediator of endotoxin lethality in mice,” Science, 285(5425):248-51 (1999).Applicant
• International Search Report for App. Ser. No. PCT/JP2012/075083, dated Oct. 23, 2012, 2 pages.Applicant
• International Preliminary Report on Patentability for App. Ser. No. PCT/JP2012/075083, dated Apr. 1, 2014, 8 pages.Applicant
• U.S. Appl. No. 14/007,947, Igawa et al., filed Dec. 30, 2013.Applicant
• Drake et al., “Chapter 5: Biophysical Considerations for Development of Antibody-Based Therapeutics,” Biophysical Considerations for Development of Antibody-Based Therapeutics, Springer Springer Science+Business Media New York, 95-7 (2012).Applicant
• Janeway et al., Immunobiology, The Immune System in Health and Disease, 3rd Edition, 1997 Garland Publishing Inc., pp. 3:1-3:11.Applicant
• Lazar et al., “Engineered antibody Fc variants with enhanced effector function,” Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, Mar. 14, 2006;103(11):4005-10. Epub Mar. 6, 2006.Applicant
• Nordlund et al., “Introduction of histidine residues into avidin subunit interfaces allows pH-dependent regulation of quaternary structure and biotin binding,” FEBS Lett., Dec. 18, 2003;555(3):449-54.Applicant
• Patton et al., “An acid dissociation bridging ELISA for detection of antibodies directed against therapeutic proteins in the presence of antigen,” J Immunol Methods, Sep. 2005;304(1-2):189-95.Applicant
• Stearns et al., “The interaction of a Ca2+-dependent monoclonal antibody with the protein C activation peptide region. Evidence for obligatory Ca2+ binding to both antigen and antibody,” J Biol Chem., Jan. 15, 1988;263(2):826-32.Applicant
• Ward et al., “A calcium-binding monoclonal antibody that recognizes a non-calcium-binding epitope in the short consensus repeat units (SCRs) of complement C1r,” Mol Immunol., Jan. 1992;29(1):83-93.Applicant
• USPTO Restriction Requirement in U.S. Appl. No. 13/637,415, dated Dec. 31, 2014, 8 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Reply to Restriction Requirement dated Dec. 31, 2014 in U.S. Appl. No. 13/637,415, filed Feb. 25, 2015, 1 page.Applicant
• USPTO Restriction Requirement in U.S. Appl. No. 14/347,034, dated Dec. 18, 2014, 9 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Reply to Restriction Requirement dated Dec. 18, 2014 in U.S. Appl. No. 14/347,034, filed Mar. 18, 2015, 2 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Non-Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 14/347,034, dated Apr. 16, 2015, 9 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Non-Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 13/637,415, dated May 13, 2015, 24 pages.Applicant
• Balint et al., “Antibody engineering by parsimonious mutagenesis,” Gene., Dec. 27, 1993;137(1):109-18.Applicant
• Kamei et al., “Quantitative methods for developing Fc mutants with extended half-lives,” Biotechnol Bioeng., Dec. 20, 2005;92(6):748-60.Applicant
• USPTO Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 14/347,034, dated Feb. 17, 2016, 6 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Reply to Restriction Requirement dated Nov. 30, 2015 in U.S. Appl. No. 14/007,947, filed Apr. 26, 2016, 1 page.Applicant
• Amersham Biosciences, “Antibody Purification Handbook,” Edition 18-1037-46 [online], [retrieved on Nov. 5, 2015]. Retrieved from the Internet: http://www.promix.ru/manuf/ge/chrom/lit/Antibody—Purification.pdf.Applicant
• Cuatrecasas et al., “Affinity Chromatography,” Methods Enzymol., 1971;12:345-78.Applicant
• Durkee et al., “Immunoaffinity chromatographic purification of Russell's viper venom factor X activator using elution in high concentrations of magnesium chloride,” Protein Expr Purif., Oct. 1993;4(5):405-11.Applicant
• GE Healthcare. Application note 28-9277-92 AA. “High-throughput screening of elution pH for monoclonal antibodies on MabSelect SuRe using PreDictor plates” [online], [retrieved on Nov. 5, 2015]. Retrieved from the Internet: https://www.gelifesciences.com/gehcls—images/GELS/Related%20Content/Files/1314787424814/litdoc28927792AA—20110831131840.pdf.Applicant
• Palladino et al., “Anti-TNF-alpha therapies: the next generation,” Nat Rev Drug Discov., Sep. 2003;2(9):736-46.Applicant
• Rojas et al., “Formation, distribution, and elimination of infliximab and anti-infliximab immune complexes in cynomolgus monkeys,” J Pharmacol Exp Ther., May 2005;313(2):578-85. Epub Jan. 12, 2005.Applicant
• Wikipedia, “Chaotropic agent” [online], [retrieved on Nov. 2, 2015]. Retrieved from the Internet: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaotropic—agent.Applicant
• USPTO Interview Summary in U.S. Appl. No. 14/347,034, dated Aug. 17, 2015, 3 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 14/347,034, dated Oct. 16, 2015, 5 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Reply to Non-Final Office Action dated May 13, 2015 in U.S. Appl. No. 13/637,415, filed Aug. 13, 2015, 21 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 13/637,415, dated Nov. 13, 2015, 20 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Reply to Non-Final Office Action dated Apr. 16, 2015 in U.S. Appl. No. 14/347,034, filed Sep. 16, 2015, 28 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Restriction Requirement in U.S. Appl. No. 14/007,947, dated Nov. 30, 2015, 9 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Reply to Final Office Action dated Oct. 16, 2015 in U.S. Appl. No. 14/347,034, filed Jan. 13, 2016, 28 pages.Applicant
• U.S. Appl. No. 15/210,353, Igawa et al., filed Jul. 14, 2016.Applicant
• U.S. Appl. No. 15/210,360, Igawa et al., filed Jul. 14, 2016.Applicant
• U.S. Appl. No. 15/263,617, Igawa et al., filed Sep. 13, 2016.Applicant
• Beringhelli et al., “pH and ionic strength dependence of protein (un)folding and ligand binding to bovine beta-lactoglobulins A and B,” Biochemistry, Dec. 24, 2002;41(51):15415-22.Applicant
• Bogdanovich et al., “Functional improvement of dystrophic muscle by myostatin blockade,” Nature, Nov. 28, 2002;420(6914):418-21.Applicant
• Brown et al., “A study of the interactions between an IgG-binding domain based on the B domain of staphylococcal protein A and rabbit IgG,” Mol Biotechnol., Aug. 1998;10(1):9-16.Applicant
• Burmeister et al., “Crystal structure of the complex of rat neonatal Fc receptor with Fc,” Nature, Nov. 24, 1994;372(6504):379-83.Applicant
• Chen et al., “Selection and analysis of an optimized anti-VEGF antibody: crystal structure of an affinity-matured Fab in complex with antigen,” J Mol Biol., Nov. 5, 1999;293(4):865-81.Applicant
• Declaration of Nimish Gera, Ph.D., CV and Exhibits, dated Sep. 1, 2016, 24 pages.Applicant
• Desai et al., “Fc gamma receptor IIB on dendritic cells enforces peripheral tolerance by inhibiting effector T cell responses,” J Immunol., May 15, 2007;178(10):6217-26.Applicant
• Epstein, “Non-randomness of amino-acid changes in the evolution of homologous proteins,” Nature, Jul. 22, 1967;215(5099):355-9.Applicant
• Fillipovich, Biochemical basis of human life, VLADOS, 2005:49-50 (with English translation).Applicant
• Hoodless et al., “Mechanism and function of signaling by the TGF beta superfamily,” Curr Top Microbiol Immunol., 1998;228:235-72.Applicant
• Junghans et al., “The protection receptor for IgG catabolism is the beta2-microglobulin-containing neonatal intestinal transport receptor,” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A., May 28, 1996;93(11):5512-6.Applicant
• Kingsley et al., “The TGF-beta superfamily: new members, new receptors, and new genetic tests of function in different organisms,” Genes Dev., Jan. 1994;8(2):133-46.Applicant
• Laitinen et al., “Brave new (strept)avidins in biotechnology,” Trends Biotechnol., Jun. 2007;25(6):269-77. Epub Apr. 12, 2007.Applicant
• Lee et al., “Genetic analysis of the role of proteolysis in the activation of latent myostatin,” PLoS One, Feb. 20, 2008;3(2):e1628.Applicant
• Lee et al., “Regulation of myostatin activity and muscle growth,” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A., Jul. 31, 2001;98(16):9306-11.Applicant
• Li et al., “Apoptotic and antitumor activity of death receptor antibodies require inhibitory Fcγ receptor engagement,” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A., Jul. 3, 2012;109(27):10966-71.Applicant
• Linder et al., “Design of a pH-dependent cellulose-binding domain,” FEBS Lett., Mar. 19, 1999;447(1):13-6.Applicant
• Luttrell et al., “Reaction coupling of chelation and antigen binding in the calcium ion-dependent antibody binding of cyclic AMP,” J Biol Chem., Nov. 15, 1991;266(32):21626-30.Applicant
• Malbec et al., “Antibodies against growth factor receptors can inhibit the proliferation of transformed cells via a cis-interaction with inhibitory FcR,” Immunol Lett., Mar. 30, 2012;143(1):28-33.Applicant
• Marshall et al., “Rational design and engineering of therapeutic proteins,” Drug Discov Today., Mar. 1, 2003;8(5):212-21.Applicant
• McCroskery et al., “Improved muscle healing through enhanced regeneration and reduced fibrosis in myostatin-null mice,” J Cell Sci., Aug. 1, 2005;118(Pt 15):3531-41.Applicant
• McPherron et al., “Regulation of skeletal muscle mass in mice by a new TGF-beta superfamily member,” Nature, May 1, 1997;387(6628):83-90.Applicant
• McPherron et al., “Double muscling in cattle due to mutations in the myostatin gene,” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A., Nov. 11, 1997;94(23):12457-61.Applicant
• Pakula et al., “Genetic analysis of protein stability and function,” Annu Rev Genet., 1989;23:289-310.Applicant
• Schroeder et al., “Similarity and divergence in the development and expression of the mouse and human antibody repertoires,” Dev Comp Immunol., 2006;30(1-2):119-35.Applicant
• Schroter et al., “A generic approach to engineer antibody pH-switches using combinatorial histidine scanning libraries and yeast display,” MAbs., 2015;7(1):138-51. doi: 10.4161/19420862.2014.985993.Applicant
• Singer et al., Genes & Genomes, 1991;67-69.Applicant
• Szlama et al., “Latent myostatin has significant activity and this activity is controlled more efficiently by WFIKKN1 than by WFIKKN2,” FEBS J., Aug. 2013;280(16):3822-39. doi: 10.1111/febs.12377. Epub Jul. 5, 2013.Applicant
• Wagner et al., “Loss of myostatin attenuates severity of muscular dystrophy in mdx mice,” Ann Neurol., Dec. 2002;52(6):832-6.Applicant
• Wenink et al., “The inhibitory Fc gamma IIb receptor dampens TLR4-mediated immune responses and is selectively up-regulated on dendritic cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients with quiescent disease,” J Immunol., Oct. 1, 2009;183(7):4509-20.Applicant
• Whittemore et al., “Inhibition of myostatin in adult mice increases skeletal muscle mass and strength,” Biochem Biophys Res Commun., Jan. 24, 2003;300(4):965-71.Applicant
• Zhang et al., “Immune complex/Ig negatively regulate TLR4-triggered inflammatory response in macrophages through Fc gamma RIIb-dependent PGE2 production,” J Immunol., Jan. 1, 2009;182(1):554-62.Applicant
• Zimmers et al., “Induction of cachexia in mice by systemically administered myostatin,” Science, May 24, 2002;296(5572):1486-8.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Reply to Final Office Action dated Nov. 13, 2015 in U.S. Appl. No. 13/637,415, filed May 12, 2016, 22 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 14/347,034, dated Jun. 3, 2016, 5 pages.Applicant
• U.S. Appl. No. 14/974,350, Ruike et al., filed Dec. 18, 2015.Applicant
• U.S. Appl. No. 14/974,488, Ruike et al., filed Dec. 18, 2015.Applicant
• U.S. Appl. No. 15/015,287, Igawa et al., filed Feb. 4, 2016.Applicant
• U.S. Appl. No. 15/230,904, Igawa et al., filed Sep. 13, 2016.Applicant
• Araujo et al., “Increased rheumatoid factor interference observed during immunogenicity assessment of an Fc-engineered therapeutic antibody,” J Pharm BiomedAnal., Jul. 15, 2011;55(5):1041-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.03.008. Epub Mar. 11, 2011.Applicant
• Borrok et al., J Biol Chem. Feb. 13, 2015;290(7) :4282-90. doi: 10. 1074/ jbc. M114. 603712. Epub Dec. 23, 2014.Applicant
• Chen et al., “Enhancement and destruction of antibody function by somatic mutation: unequal occurrence is controlled by V gene combinatorial associations,” EMBO J. Jun. 15, 1995;14(12):2784-94.Applicant
• Clynes et al., “Fc receptors are required in passive and active immunity to melanoma,” Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A., Jan. 20, 1998;95(2):652-6.Applicant
• Clynes et al., “Inhibitory Fc receptors modulate in vivo cytotoxicity against tumor targets,” Nat Med., Apr. 2000;6(4):443-6.Applicant
• Colman et al., “Effects of amino acid sequence changes on antibody-antigen interactions,” Res Immunol. Jan. 1994;145(1):33-6.Applicant
• De Groot et al., “Reducing risk, improving outcomes: bioengineering less immunogenic protein therapeutics,” Clin Immunol., May 2009;131(2):189-201. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2009.01.009. Epub Mar. 6, 2009.Applicant
• Dmytrijuk et al., “FDA report: eculizumab (Soliris) for the treatment of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria,” Oncologist, Sep. 2008;13(9):993-1000. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2008-0086. Epub Sep. 10, 2008.Applicant
• Dufner et al., “Harnessing phage and ribosome display for antibody optimization,” Trends Biotechnol., Nov. 2006;24(11):523-9. Epub Sep. 26, 2006.Applicant
• Foote et al., “Antibody framework residues affecting the conformation of the hypervariable loops,” J Mol Biol., Mar. 20, 1992;224(2):487-99.Applicant
• Gera et al., “Design of pH Sensitive Binding Proteins from the Hyperthermophilic Sso7d Scaffold,” PLoS One, 2012;7(11):e48928. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048928. Epub Nov. 7, 2012.Applicant
• Haviland et al., “Complete cDNA sequence of human complement pro-C5. Evidence of truncated transcripts derived from a single copy gene,” J Immunol., Jan. 1, 1991;146(1):362-368.Applicant
• Hironiwa et al., “Calcium-dependent antigen binding as a novel modality for antibody recycling by endosomal antigen dissociation,” MAbs. Jan. 2016;8(1):65-73. doi: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1110660. Epub Oct. 23, 2015.Applicant
• Holash et al., “VEGF-Trap: a VEGF blocker with potent antitumor effects,” Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A., Aug. 20, 2002;99(17):11393-8. Epub Aug. 12, 2002.Applicant
• Holers, “The spectrum of complement alternative pathway-mediated diseases,” Immunol Rev., Jun. 2008;223:300-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00641.x.Applicant
• Hoogenboom, “Selecting and screening recombinant antibody libraries,” Nat Biotechnol., Sep. 2005;23(9):1105-16.Applicant
• Igawa et al., “pH-dependent antigen-binding antibodies as a novel therapeutic modality,” Biochim Biophys Acta., Nov. 30, 2014;1844(11):1943-1950.Applicant
• Iwabe et al., “Pathogenetic significance of increased levels • of interleukin-a in the peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis,” Fertil Steril. May 1998:69(5):924-30.Applicant
• Knappik et al., “Fully Synthetic Human Combinatorial Antibody Libraries (HuCAL) Based on Modular Consensus Frameworks and CDRs Randomized with Trinucleotides,” J Mol Biol., Feb. 11, 2000;296(1):57-86.Applicant
• Kussie et al., “A single engineered amino acid substitution changes antibody fine specificity,” J Immunol. Jan. 1, 1994;152(1):146-52.Applicant
• Lederman et al., “A single amino acid substitution in a common African allele of the CD4 molecule ablates binding of the monoclonal antibody, OKT4,” Mol Immunol. Nov. 1991;28(11):1171-81.Applicant
• Li et al., “beta-Endorphin omission analogs: dissociation of immunoreactivity from other biological activities,” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Jun. 1980;77(6):3211-4.Applicant
• Maier et al., “Assessment of fully automated antibody homology modeling protocols in molecular operating environment,” Proteins. Aug. 2014;82(8):1599-610. doi: 10.1002/prot.24576. Epub Apr. 23, 2014.Applicant
• Mazda et al., “Regulation of Muscle Homeostasis and Metabolism by the TGF-β Superfamily Cytokine, Myostatin/growth Differentiation Factor 8 (GDF8),” Journal of Kyoto prefectural university of medicine. 2013;122(3):133-41.Applicant
• Mollnes et al., “Identification of a human C5 beta-chain epitope exposed in the native complement component but concealed in the SC5b-9 complex,” Scand J Immunol., Sep. 1988;28(3):307-312.Applicant
• Muller et al., “VEGF and the Fab fragment of a humanized neutralizing antibody: crystal structure of the complex at 2.4 Å resolution and mutational analysis of the interface,” Structure, Sep. 6, 1998;(9):1153-67.Applicant
• Nishimura et al., “Genetic variants in C5 and poor response to eculizumab,” N Engl J Med., Feb. 13, 2014;370(7):632-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1311084.Applicant
• Ober et al., “Visualizing the Site and Dynamics of IgG Salvage by the MHC Class I-Related Receptor, FcRn,” J Immunol., Feb. 15, 2004;172(4):2021-9.Applicant
• Russo et al., “The CXCL8/IL-8 chemokine family and its receptors in inflammatory diseases,” Expert Rev Clin Immunol., May 2014;10(5):593-619. doi: 10.1586/1744666X.2014.894886. Epub Mar. 29, 2014.Applicant
• Shinkawa et al., “The absence of fucose but not the presence of galactose or bisecting N-acetylglucosamine of human IgG1 complex-type oligosaccharides shows the critical role of enhancing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity,” J Biol Chem., Jan. 31, 2003;278(5):3466-73. Epub Nov. 8, 2002.Applicant
• Strohl, “Optimization of Fc-mediated effector functions of monoclonal antibodies,” Curr Opin Biotechnol., Dec. 2009;20(6):685-91. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2009.10.011. Epub Nov. 4, 2009.Applicant
• Wu et al., “Structure-based engineering of a monoclonal antibody for improved solubility,” Protein Eng Des Sel., Aug. 2010;23(8):643-51. doi: 10.1093/protein/gzq037. Epub Jun. 11, 2010.Applicant
• USPTO Non-Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 14/007,947, dated Aug. 22, 2016, 31 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 14/007,947, dated Apr. 21, 2017, 9 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Restriction Requirement in U.S. Appl. No. 14/347,187, dated Jan. 26, 2017, 9 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Reply to Restriction Requirement dated Jan. 26, 2017 in U.S. Appl. No. 14/347,187, dated Mar. 27, 2017, 2 pages.Applicant
• International Search Report for App. Ser. No. PCT/JP2016/003616, dated Nov. 25, 2016, 4 pages.Applicant
• U.S. Appl. No. 15/553,609, Takahiro, filed Aug. 25, 2017.Applicant
• Akira et al., “Interleukin-6 in Biology and Medicine,” Adv Immunol., 1993; 54: 1-78.Applicant
• Annual Report 2012 (Integrated Edition Including CSR Report) Mar. 27, 2013, 154 pages.Applicant
• Araki et al., “Clinical improvement in a patient with neuromyelitis optica following therapy with the anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody tocilizumab,” Mod Rheumatol. Jul. 2013 ;23(4) :827-31. doi: 10. 1007/s10165-012-0715-9. Epub Jul. 11, 2012.Applicant
• Aricha et al., “Blocking of IL-6 suppresses experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis,” J Autoimmun. Mar. 2011;36(2) :135-41. doi: 10. 1016/j. jaut. 2010. 12. 001. Epub Dec. 30, 2010.Applicant
• Fukuzawa et al., “Long lasting neutralization of C5 bgy SKY59, a novel recycling antibody, is a potential therapy for compliment-mediated diseases,” Sci. Rep. Apr. 24, 2017; 7(1):1080.doi:10.1038/x41598-017-01087-7.Applicant
• Hirano et al., “Complementary DNA for a novel human interleukin (BSF-2) that induces B lymphocytes to produce immunoglobulin,” Nature, 324: 73-76 (Nov. 1986).Applicant
• Hirata et al., “Characterization of IL-6 Receptor Expression by Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies,” J Immunol. Nov. 1, 1989;143(9) :2900-6.Applicant
• Huang et al., “A Monoclonal Anti-Human IL-6 Receptor Antibody Inhibits the Proliferation of Human Myeloma Cells,” Hybridoma. Oct. 1993:12(5) :621-30.Applicant
• Krieckaert et al., “Immunogenicity of biologic therapies—we need tolerance,” Nat Rev Rheumatol. Oct. 2010;6(10) :558-9. doi: 10. 1038/nrrheum. 2010. 153.Applicant
• Fiedler et al, “An engineered IN-1 Fab fragment with improved affinity for the Nogo-A axonal growth inhibitor permits immunochemical detection and shows enhanced neutralizing activity,” Protein Eng. Nov. 2002:15(11):931-41.Applicant
• Lin et al., “Preclinical Pharmacokinetics, Interspecies Scaling, and Tissue Distribution of a Humanized Monoclonal Antibody against Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor,” J Pharmacol Exp Ther. Jan. 1999;288(1):371-8.Applicant
• Lotz et al, “B Cell Stimulating Factor 2/Interleukin 6 is a Costimulant for Human Thymocytes and T Lymphocytes,” J. Exp. Med., Mar. 1, 1988; 167(3): 1253-1258.Applicant
• Novick et al., “Monoclonal Antibodies to the Soluble Human IL-6 Receptor: Affinity Purification, Elisa, and Inhibition of Ligand Binding,” Hybridoma. Feb. 1991;10(1) :137-46.Applicant
• Okabe, Proprietary Innovative Antibody Engineering Technologies in Chugai Pharmaceutical: Dec. 18, 2012, 78 pages.Applicant
• Osbourn et al., “Generation of a panel of related human scFv antibodies with high affinities for human CEA,” Immunotechnology. Sep. 1996:2(3):181-96.Applicant
• Pancook et al., In Vitro Affinity Maturation of Human IgM Antibodies Reactive with Tumor-Associated Antigens, Hybrid Hybridomics. 2001:20(5-6):383-96.Applicant
• Reichert, “Antibodies to watch in 2014,” mAbs, 6(4): 799-802 (Jul./Aug. 2014).Applicant
• Schier et al., “Isolation of Picomolar Affinity Anti-c-erbB-2 Single-chain Fv by Molecular Evolution of the Complementarity Determining Regions in the Center of the Antibody Binding Site,” J MoI BioI. Nov. 8, 1996:263(4):551-67.Applicant
• Taga et al., “Interleukin-6 Triggers the Association of Its Receptor with a Possible Signal Transducer, gp130,” Cell. Aug. 11, 1989; 58(3): 873-581.Applicant
• Taga et al., “Receptors for B Cell Stimulatory Factor 2,” J. Exp. Med. Oct. 1, 1987; 166(4): 967-981.Applicant
• Vidarsson et al., “IgG subclasses and allotypes: from structure to effector functions,” Front Immunol. Oct. 20, 2014;5:520. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00520. eCollection 2014.Applicant
• Wu et al., “Stepwise in vitro affinity maturation of Vitaxin, an αvβ33-specific humanized mAb,” Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. May 26, 1998 ; 95(11):6037-42.Applicant
• Yamasaki et al., “Cloning and Expression of the Human Interleukin-6 (BSF-2/IFNb 2) Receptor,” Science. Aug. 12, 1988:241 (4867) :825-8.Applicant
• USPTO Restriction Requirement in U.S. Appl. No. 13/637,415, dated Dec. 1, 2016, 8 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Non-Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 13/637,415, dated May 24, 2017, 27 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 14/347,034, dated Sep. 22, 2016, 9 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Non-Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 14/347,034, dated May 25, 2017, 16 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Non-Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 14/347,187, dated Jun. 14, 2017, 23 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Reply to Office Action dated Jun. 14, 2017 in U.S. Appl. No. 14/347,187, dated Oct. 16, 2017, 36 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Restriction Requirement in U.S. Appl. No. 15/210,353, dated Oct. 6, 2016, 5 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 15/210,353, dated Mar. 9, 2017, 16 pages.Applicant
• Cooper et al., “Variable domain-identical antibodies exhibit IgG subclass-related differences in affinity and kinetic constants as determined by surface plasmon resonance,” Mol Immunol. Jun. 1994; 31(8): 577-84.Applicant
• USPTO Non-Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 14/974,488, dated Aug. 16, 2017, 18 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 15/210,360, dated Jul. 25, 2017, 23 pages.Applicant
• U.S. Appl. No. 15/688,004, filed Aug. 28, 2017, Ruike et al.Applicant
• Hamers-Casterman et al., “Naturally occurring antibodies devoid of light chains,” Nature, Jun. 3, 1993;363(6428):446-8.Applicant
• Kuroda et al., “Computer-aided antibody design,” Protein Eng Des Sel., Oct. 2012;25(10):507-21. Epub Jun. 2, 2012.Applicant
• Glick et al., Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA, 3rd Edition, Chemical Industry Press, Mar. 2003, p. 168 (English Translation).Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C., Reply to Non-Final Office Action dated Jun. 14, 2017, in U.S. Appl. No. 14/347,187, filed Oct. 16, 2017, 36 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 13/889,512, dated May 31, 2017, 15 pages.Applicant
• Fish & Richardson P.C. Reply to Final Office Action dated Apr. 21, 2017 in U.S. Appl. No. 14/007,947, filed Oct. 23, 2017, 28 pages.Applicant
• USPTO Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 14/741,786, dated Jul. 26, 2017, 9 pages.Applicant