Method and apparatus for building an intelligent automated assistant

Patent Citations (741)

Non-Patent Literature (458)

• Stephen Pollock, A Rule-Based Message Filtering System, 1988.Examiner
• Agnäs, MS., et al., “Spoken Language Translator: First-Year Report,” Jan. 1994, SICS (ISSN 0283-3638), SRI and Telia Research AB, 161 pages.Applicant
• Allen, J., “Natural Language Understanding,” 2nd Edition, Copyright © 1995 by The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc., 671 pages.Applicant
• Alshawi, H., et al., “CLARE: A Contextual Reasoning and Cooperative Response Framework for the Core Language Engine,” Dec. 1992, SRI International, Cambridge Computer Science Research Centre, Cambridge, 273 pages.Applicant
• Alshawi, H., et al., “Declarative Derivation of Database Queries from Meaning Representations,” Oct. 1991, Proceedings of the BANKAI Workshop on Intelligent Information Access, 12 pages.Applicant
• Alshawi H., et al., “Logical Forms in the Core Language Engine,” 1989, Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 8 pages.Applicant
• Alshawi, H., et al., “Overview of the Core Language Engine,” Sep. 1988, Proceedings of Future Generation Computing Systems, Tokyo, 13 pages.Applicant
• Alshawi, H., “Translation and Monotonic Interpretation/Generation,” Jul. 1992, SRI International, Cambridge Computer Science Research Centre, Cambridge, 18 pages, cam.sri.com/tr/crc024/paper.ps.Z 1992.Applicant
• Appelt, D., et al., “Fastus: A Finite-state Processor for Information Extraction from Real-world Text,” 1993, Proceedings of IJCAI, 8 pages.Applicant
• Appelt, D., et al., “SRI: Description of the JV-FASTUS System Used for MUC-5,” 1993, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 19 pages.Applicant
• Appelt, D., et al., SRI International Fastus System MUC-6 Test Results and Analysis, 1995, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, 12 pages.Applicant
• Archbold, A., et al., “A Team User's Guide,” Dec. 21, 1981, SRI International, 70 pages.Applicant
• Bear, J., et al., “A System for Labeling Self-Repairs in Speech,” Feb. 22, 1993, SRI International, 9 pages.Applicant
• Bear, J., et al., “Detection and Correction of Repairs in Human-Computer Dialog,” May 5, 1992, SRI International, 11 pages.Applicant
• Bear, J., et al., “Integrating Multiple Knowledge Sources for Detection and Correction of Repairs in Human-Computer Dialog,” 1992, Proceedings of the 30th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), 8 pages.Applicant
• Bear, J., et al., “Using Information Extraction to Improve Document Retrieval,” 1998, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, 11 pages.Applicant
• Berry, P., et al., “Task Management under Change and Uncertainty Constraint Solving Experience with the CALO Project,” 2005, Proceedings of CP'05 Workshop on Constraint Solving under Change, 5 pages.Applicant
• Bobrow, R. et al., “Knowledge Representation for Syntactic/Semantic Processing,” From: AAA-80 Proceedings. Copyright © 1980, AAAI, 8 pages.Applicant
• Bouchou, B., et al., “Using Transducers in Natural Language Database Query,” Jun. 17-19, 1999, Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems, Austria, 17 pages.Applicant
• Bratt, H., et al., “The SRI Telephone-based ATIS System,” 1995, Proceedings of ARPA Workshop on Spoken Language Technology, 3 pages.Applicant
• Bulyko, I. et al., “Error-Correction Detection and Response Generation in a Spoken Dialogue System,” © 2004 Elsevier B.V., specom.2004.09.009, 18 pages.Applicant
• Burke, R., et al., “Question Answering from Frequently Asked Question Files,” 1997, AI Magazine, vol. 18, No. 2, 10 pages.Applicant
• Burns, A., et al., “Development of a Web-Based Intelligent Agent for the Fashion Selection and Purchasing Process via Electronic Commerce,” Dec. 31, 1998, Proceedings of the Americas Conference on Information system (AMCIS), 4 pages.Applicant
• Bussler, C., et al., “Web Service Execution Environment (WSMX),” Jun. 3, 2005, W3C Member Submission, w3.org/Submission/WSMX, 29 pages.Applicant
• Carter, D., “Lexical Acquisition in the Core Language Engine,” 1989, Proceedings of the Fourth Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 8 pages.Applicant
• Carter, D., et al., “The Speech-Language Interface in the Spoken Language Translator,” Nov. 23, 1994, SRI International, 9 pages.Applicant
• Chai, J., et al., “Comparative Evaluation of a Natural Language Dialog Based System and a Menu Driven System for Information Access: a Case Study,” Apr. 2000, Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia Information Retrieval (RIAO), Paris, 11 pages.Applicant
• Cheyer, A., “About Adam Cheyer,” Sep. 17, 2012, adam.cheyer.com/about.html, 2 pages.Applicant
• Cheyer, A., “A Perspective on AI & Agent Technologies for SCM,” VerticalNet, 2001 presentation, 22 pages.Applicant
• Cheyer, A., et al., “Multimodal Maps: An Agent-based Approach,” International Conference on Cooperative Multimodal Communication, 1995, 15 pages.Applicant
• Cheyer, A., et al., “The Open Agent Architecture,” Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent systems, vol. 4, Mar. 1, 2001, 6 pages.Applicant
• Cheyer, A., et al., “The Open Agent Architecture: Building communities of distributed software agents” Feb. 21, 1998, Artificial Intelligence Center SRI International, Power Point presentation, downloaded from http://www.ai.sri.com/˜oaa/, 25 pages.Applicant
• Codd, E. F., “Databases: Improving Usability and Responsiveness—‘How About Recently’,” Copyright © 1978, by Academic Press, Inc., 28 pages.Applicant
• Cohen, P.R., et al., “An Open Agent Architecture,” 1994, 8 pages. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.30.480.Applicant
• Coles, L. S., et al., “Chemistry Question-Answering,” Jun. 1969, SRI International, 15 pages.Applicant
• Coles, L. S., “Techniques for Information Retrieval Using an Inferential Question-Answering System with Natural-Language Input,” Nov. 1972, SRI International, 198 Pages.Applicant
• Coles, L. S., “The Application of Theorem Proving to Information Retrieval,” Jan. 1971, SRI International, 21 pages.Applicant
• Constantinides, P., et al., “A Schema Based Approach to Dialog Control,” 1998, Proceedings of the International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, 4 pages.Applicant
• Cox, R. V., et al., “Speech and Language Processing for Next-Millennium Communications Services,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 88, No. 8, Aug. 2000, 24 pages.Applicant
• Craig, J., et al., “Deacon: Direct English Access and Control,” Nov. 7-10, 1966 AFIPS Conference Proceedings, vol. 19, San Francisco, 18 pages.Applicant
• Dar, S., et al., “DTL's DataSpot: Database Exploration Using Plain Language,” 1998 Proceedings of the 24th VLDB Conference, New York, 5 pages.Applicant
• Davis, Z., et al., “A Personal Handheld Multi-Modal Shopping Assistant,” 2006 IEEE, 9 pages.Applicant
• Decker, K., et al., “Designing Behaviors for Information Agents,” The Robotics Institute, Carnegie-Mellon University, paper, Jul. 6, 1996, 15 pages.Applicant
• Decker, K., et al., “Matchmaking and Brokering,” The Robotics Institute, Carnegie-Mellon University, paper, May 16, 1996, 19 pages.Applicant
• Domingue, J., et al., “Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO)—An Ontology for Semantic Web Services,” Jun. 9-10, 2005, position paper at the W3C Workshop on Frameworks for Semantics in Web Services, Innsbruck, Austria, 6 pages.Applicant
• Dowding, J., et al., “Gemini: A Natural Language System for Spoken-Language Understanding,” 1993, Proceedings of the Thirty-First Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 8 pages.Applicant
• Dowding, J., et al., “Interleaving Syntax and Semantics in an Efficient Bottom-Up Parser,” 1994, Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 7 pages.Applicant
• Epstein, M., et al., “Natural Language Access to a Melanoma Data Base,” Sep. 1978, SRI International, 7 pages.Applicant
• Exhibit 1, “Natural Language Interface Using Constrained Intermediate Dictionary of Results,” Classes/Subclasses Manually Reviewed for the Search of U.S. Pat. No. 7,177,798, Mar. 22, 2013, 1 page.Applicant
• Exhibit 1, “Natural Language Interface Using Constrained Intermediate Dictionary of Results,” List of Publications Manually reviewed for the Search of U.S. Pat. No. 7,177,798, Mar. 22, 2013, 1 page.Applicant
• Ferguson, G., et al., “TRIPS: An Integrated Intelligent Problem-Solving Assistant,” 1998, Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-98) and Tenth Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence (IAAI-98), 7 pages.Applicant
• Fikes, R., et al., “A Network-based knowledge Representation and its Natural Deduction System,” Jul. 1977, SRI International, 43 pages.Applicant
• Gambäck, B., et al., “The Swedish Core Language Engine,” 1992 NOTEX Conference, 17 pages.Applicant
• Glass, J., et al., “Multilingual Language Generation Across Multiple Domains,” Sep. 18-22, 1994, International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, Japan, 5 pages.Applicant
• Green, C. “The Application of Theorem Proving to Question-Answering Systems,” Jun. 1969, SRI Stanford Research Institute, Artificial Intelligence Group, 169 pages.Applicant
• Gregg, D. G., “DSS Access on the WWW: An Intelligent Agent Prototype,” 1998 Proceedings of the Americas Conference on Information Systems-Association for Information Systems, 3 pages.Applicant
• Grishman, R., “Computational Linguistics: An Introduction,” © Cambridge University Press 1986, 172 pages.Applicant
• Grosz, B. et al., “Dialogic: A Core Natural-Language Processing System,” Nov. 9, 1982, SRI International, 17 pages.Applicant
• Grosz, B. et al., “Research on Natural-Language Processing at SRI,” Nov. 1981, SRI International, 21 pages.Applicant
• Grosz, B., et al., “Team: An Experiment in the Design of Transportable Natural-Language Interfaces,” Artificial Intelligence, vol. 32, 1987, 71 pages.Applicant
• Grosz, B., “Team: A Transportable Natural-Language Interface System,” 1983, Proceedings of the First Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing, 7 pages.Applicant
• Guida, G., et al., “NLI: A Robust Interface for Natural Language Person-Machine Communication,” Int. J. Man-Machine Studies, vol. 17, 1982, 17 pages.Applicant
• Guzzoni, D., et al., “Active, A platform for Building Intelligent Software,” Computational Intelligence 2006, 5 pages. http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/˜ley/pers/hd/g/Guzzoni:Didier.Applicant
• Guzzoni, D., “Active: A unified platform for building intelligent assistant applications,” Oct. 25, 2007, 262 pages.Applicant
• Guzzoni, D., et al., “A Unified Platform for Building Intelligent Web Interaction Assistants,” Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, Computer Society, 4 pages.Applicant
• Guzzoni, D., et al., “Many Robots Make Short Work,” 1996 AAAI Robot Contest, SRI International, 9 pages.Applicant
• Haas, N., et al., “An Approach to Acquiring and Applying Knowledge,” Nov. 1980, SRI International, 22 pages.Applicant
• Hadidi, R., et al., “Students' Acceptance of Web-Based Course Offerings: An Empirical Assessment,” 1998 Proceedings of the Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS), 4 pages.Applicant
• Hawkins, J., et al., “Hierarchical Temporal Memory: Concepts, Theory, and Terminology,” Mar. 27, 2007, Numenta, Inc., 20 pages.Applicant
• He, Q., et al., “Personal Security Agent: KQML-Based PKI,” The Robotics Institute, Carnegie-Mellon University, paper, Oct. 1, 1997, 14 pages.Applicant
• Hendrix, G. et al., “Developing a Natural Language Interface to Complex Data,” ACM Transactions on Database Systems, vol. 3, No. 2, Jun. 1978, 43 pages.Applicant
• Hendrix, G., “Human Engineering for Applied Natural Language Processing,” Feb. 1977, SRI International, 27 pages.Applicant
• Hendrix, G., “Klaus: A System for Managing Information and Computational Resources,” Oct. 1980, SRI International, 34 pages.Applicant
• Hendrix, G., “Lifer: A Natural Language Interface Facility,” Dec. 1976, SRI Stanford Research Institute, Artificial Intelligence Center, 9 pages.Applicant
• Hendrix, G., “Natural-Language Interface,” Apr.-Jun. 1982, American Journal of Computational Linguistics, vol. 8, No. 2, 7 pages.Applicant
• Hendrix, G., “The Lifer Manual: A Guide to Building Practical Natural Language Interfaces,” Feb. 1977, SRI International, 76 pages.Applicant
• Hendrix, G., et al., “Transportable Natural-Language Interfaces to Databases,” Apr. 30, 1981, SRI International, 18 pages.Applicant
• Hirschman, L., et al., “Multi-Site Data Collection and Evaluation in Spoken Language Understanding,” 1993, Proceedings of the workshop on Human Language Technology, 6 pages.Applicant
• Hobbs, J., et al., “Fastus: A System for Extracting Information from Natural-Language Text,” Nov. 19, 1992, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 26 pages.Applicant
• Hobbs, J., et al.,“Fastus: Extracting Information from Natural-Language Texts,” 1992, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 22 pages.Applicant
• Hobbs, J., “Sublanguage and Knowledge,” Jun. 1984, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 30 pages.Applicant
• Hodjat, B., et al., “Iterative Statistical Language Model Generation for Use with an Agent-Oriented Natural Language Interface,” vol. 4 of the Proceedings of HCI International 2003, 7 pages.Applicant
• Huang, X., et al., “The Sphinx-II Speech Recognition System: An Overview,” Jan. 15, 1992, Computer, Speech and Language, 14 pages.Applicant
• Issar, S., et al., “CMU's Robust Spoken Language Understanding System,” 1993, Proceedings of EUROSPEECH, 4 pages.Applicant
• Issar, S., “Estimation of Language Models for New Spoken Language Applications,” Oct. 3-6, 1996, Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Spoken language Processing, Philadelphia, 4 pages.Applicant
• Janas, J., “The Semantics-Based Natural Language Interface to Relational Databases,” @ Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1986, Germany, 48 pages.Applicant
• Johnson, J., “A Data Management Strategy for Transportable Natural Language Interfaces,” Jun. 1989, doctoral thesis submitted to the Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia, Canada, 285 pages.Applicant
• Julia, L., et al., “speech.sri.com/demos/atis.html,” 1997, Proceedings of AAAI, Spring Symposium, 5 pages.Applicant
• Kahn, M., et al., “CoABS Grid Scalability Experiments,” 2003, Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, vol. 7, 8 pages.Applicant
• Kamel, M., et al., “A Graph Based Knowledge Retrieval System,” © 1990 IEEE, 7 pages.Applicant
• Katz, B., “Annotating the World Wide Web Using Natural Language,” 1997, Proceedings of the 5th RIAO Conference on Computer Assisted Information Searching on the Internet, 7 pages.Applicant
• Katz, B., “A Three-Step Procedure for Language Generation,” Dec. 1980, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 42 pages.Applicant
• Kats, B., et al., “Exploiting Lexical Regularities in Designing Natural Language Systems,” 1988, Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Coling'88, Budapest, Hungary, 22 pages.Applicant
• Katz, B., et al., “REXTOR: A System for Generating Relations from Natural Language,” In Proceedings of the ACL Oct. 2000 Workshop on Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval (NLP&IR), 11 pages.Applicant
• Katz, B., “Using English for Indexing and Retrieving,” 1988 Proceedings of the 1st RIAO Conference on User-Oriented Content-Based Text and Image (RIAO'88), 19 pages.Applicant
• Konolige, K., “A Framework for a Portable Natural-Language Interface to Large Data Bases,” Oct. 12, 1979, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 54 pages.Applicant
• Laird, J., et al., “SOAR: An Architecture for General Intelligence,” 1987, Artificial Intelligence vol. 33, 64 pages.Applicant
• Langly, P., et al.,“A Design for the Icarus Architechture,” Jan. 1991, SIGART Bulletin, vol. 2, No. 4, 6 pages.Applicant
• Larks, “Intelligent Software Agents: Larks,” 2006, downloaded on Mar. 15, 2013 from cs.cmu.edu/larks.html, 2 pages.Applicant
• Martin, D., et al., “Building Distributed Software Systems with the Open Agent Architecture,” Mar. 23-25, 1998, Proceedings of the Third International Conference on the Practical Application of Intelligent Agents and Multi-Agent Technology, 23 pages.Applicant
• Martin, D., et al., “Development Tools for the Open Agent Architecture,” Apr. 1996, Proceedings of the International Conference on the Practical Application of Intelligent Agents and Multi-Agent Technology, 17 pages.Applicant
• Martin, D., et al., “Information Brokering in an Agent Architecture,” Apr. 1997, Proceedings of the second International Conference on the Practical Application of Intelligent Agents and Multi-Agent Technology, 20 pages.Applicant
• Martin, D., et al., “PAAM '98 Tutorial: Building and Using Practical Agent Applications,” 1998, SRI International, 78 pages.Applicant
• Martin, P., et al., “Transportability and Generality in a Natural-Language Interface System,” Aug. 8-12, 1983, Proceedings of the Eight International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, West Germany, 21 pages.Applicant
• Matiasek, J., et al., “Tannic-P: A System for NL Access to Social Insurance Database,” Jun. 17-19, 1999, Proceeding of the 4th International Conference on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems, Austria, 7 pages.Applicant
• Michos, S.E., et al., “Towards an adaptive natural language interface to command languages,” Natural Language Engineering 2 (3), © 1994 Cambridge University Press, 19 pages.Applicant
• Milstead, J., et al., “Metadata: Cataloging by Any Other Name . . . ” Jan. 1999, Online, Copyright © 1999 Information Today, Inc., 18 pages.Applicant
• Minker, W., et al., “Hidden Understanding Models for Machine Translation,” 1999, Proceedings of ETRW on Interactive Dialogue in Multi-Modal Systems, 4 pages.Applicant
• Modi, P. J., et al., “CMRadar: A Personal Assistant Agent for Calendar Management,” © 2004, American Association for Artificial Intelligence, Intelligent Systems Demonstrations, 2 pages.Applicant
• Moore, R., et al., “Combining Linguistic and Statistical Knowledge Sources in Natural-Language Processing for ATIS,” 1995, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 4 pages.Applicant
• Moore, R., “Handling Complex Queries in a Distributed Data Base,” Oct. 8, 1979, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 38 pages.Applicant
• Moore, R., “Practical Natural-Language Processing by Computer,” Oct. 1981, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 34 pages.Applicant
• Moore, R., et al., “SRI's Experience with the ATIS Evaluation,” Jun. 24-27, 1990, Proceedings of a workshop held at Hidden Valley, Pennsylvania, 4 pages.Applicant
• Moore, et al., “The Information Warefare Advisor: An Architecture for Interacting with Intelligent Agents Across the Web,” Dec. 31, 1998 Proceedings of Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS), 4 pages.Applicant
• Moore, R., “The Role of Logic in Knowledge Representation and Commonsense Reasoning,” Jun. 1982, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 19 pages.Applicant
• Moore, R., “Using Natural-Language Knowledge Sources in Speech Recognition,” Jan. 1999, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 24 pages.Applicant
• Moran, D., et al., “Intelligent Agent-based User Interfaces,” Oct. 12-13, 1995, Proceedings of International Workshop on Human Interface Technology, University of Aizu, Japan, 4 pages. dougmoran.com/dmoran/PAPERS/oaa-iwhit1995.pdf.Applicant
• Moran, D., “Quantifier Scoping in the SRI Core Language Engine,” 1988, Proceedings of the 26th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, 8 pages.Applicant
• Motro, A., “Flex: A Tolerant and Cooperative User Interface to Databases,” IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 2, No. 2, Jun. 1990, 16 pages.Applicant
• Murveit, H., et al., “Speech Recognition in SRI's Resource Management and ATIS Systems,” 1991, Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language (HTL'91), 7 pages.Applicant
• OAA, “The Open Agent Architecture 1.0 Distribution Source Code,” Copyright 1999, SRI International, 2 pages.Applicant
• Odubiyi, J., et al., “SAIRE—a scalable agent-based information retrieval engine,” 1997 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Autonomous Agents, 12 pages.Applicant
• Owei, V., et al., “Natural Language Query Filtration in the Conceptual Query Language,” © 1997 IEEE, 11 pages.Applicant
• Pannu, A., et al., “A Learning Personal Agent for Text Filtering and Notification,” 1996, The Robotics Institute School of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, 12 pages.Applicant
• Pereira, “Logic for Natural Language Analysis,” Jan. 1983, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 194 pages.Applicant
• Perrault, C.R., et al., “Natural-Language Interfaces,” Aug. 22, 1986, SRI International, 48 pages.Applicant
• Pulman, S.G., et al., “Clare: A Combined Language and Reasoning Engine,” 1993, Proceedings of JFIT Conference, 8 pages. URL: http://www.cam.sri.com/tr/crc042/paper.ps.Z.Applicant
• Ravishankar, “Efficient Algorithms for Speech Recognition,” May 15, 1996, Doctoral Thesis submitted to School of Computer Science, Computer Science Division, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburg, 146 pages.Applicant
• Rayner, M., “Abductive Equivalential Translation and its application to Natural Language Database Interfacing,” Sep. 1993 Dissertation paper, SRI International, 163 pages.Applicant
• Rayner, M., et al., “Adapting the Core Language Engine to French and Spanish,” May 10, 1996, Cornell University Library, 9 pages. http://arxiv.org/abs/cmp-lg/9605015.Applicant
• Rayner, M., et al., “Deriving Database Queries from Logical Forms by Abductive Definition Expansion,” 1992, Proceedings of the Third Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing, ANLC'92, 8 pages.Applicant
• Rayner, M., “Linguistic Domain Theories: Natural-Language Database Interfacing from First Principles,” 1993, SRI International, Cambridge, 11 pages.Applicant
• Rayner, M., et al., “Spoken Language Translation With Mid-90's Technology: A Case Study,” 1993, EUROSPEECH, ISCA, 4 pages. http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/interspeech/eurospeech1993.html#RaynerBCCDGKKLPPS93.Applicant
• Roddy, D., et al., “Communication and Collaboration in a Landscape of B2B eMarketplaces,” VerticalNet Solutions, white paper, Jun. 15, 2000, 24 pages.Applicant
• Rudnicky, A.I., et al., “Creating Natural Dialogs in the Carnegie Mellon Communicator System,” Jan. 1999, 5 pages.Applicant
• Russell, S., et al., “Artificial Intelligence, A Modern Approach,” © 1995 Prentice Hall, Inc., 121 pages.Applicant
• Sacerdoti, E., et al., “A Ladder User's Guide (Revised),” Mar. 1980, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 39 pages.Applicant
• Sagalowicz, D., “A D-Ladder User's Guide,” Sep. 1980, SRI International, 42 pages.Applicant
• Sameshima, Y., et al., “Authorization with security attributes and privilege delegation Access control beyond the ACL,” Computer Communications, vol. 20, 1997, 9 pages.Applicant
• San-Segundo, R., et al., “Confidence Measures for Dialogue Management in the CU Communicator System,” Jun. 5-9, 2000, Proceedings of Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'00), 4 pages.Applicant
• Sato, H., “A Data Model, Knowledge Base, and Natural Language Processing for Sharing a Large Statistical Database,” 1989, Statistical and Scientific Database Management, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 339, 20 pages.Applicant
• Schnelle, D., “Context Aware Voice User Interfaces for Workflow Support,” Aug. 27, 2007, Dissertation paper, 254 pages.Applicant
• Sharoff, S., et al., “Register-domain Separation as a Methodology for Development of Natural Language Interfaces to Databases,” 1999, Proceedings of Human-Computer Interaction (Interact'99), 7 pages.Applicant
• Shimazu, H., et al., “CAPIT: Natural Language Interface Design Tool with Keyword Analyzer and Case-Based Parser,” NEC Research & Development, vol. 33, No. 4, Oct. 1992, 11 pages.Applicant
• Shinkle, L., “Team User's Guide,” Nov. 1984, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 78 pages.Applicant
• Shklar, L., et al., “Info Harness: Use of Automatically Generated Metadata for Search and Retrieval of Heterogeneous Information,” 1995 Proceedings of CAiSE'95, Finland.Applicant
• Singh, N., “Unifying Heterogeneous Information Models,” 1998 Communications of the ACM, 13 pages.Applicant
• SRI2009, “SRI Speech: Products: Software Development Kits: EduSpeak,” 2009, 2 pages, available at http://web.archive.org/web/20090828084033/http://www.speechatsri.com/products/eduspeak.shtml.Applicant
• Starr, B., et al., “Knowledge-Intensive Query Processing,” May 31, 1998, Proceedings of the 5th KRDB Workshop, Seattle, 6 pages.Applicant
• Stern, R., et al. “Multiple Approaches to Robust Speech Recognition,” 1992, Proceedings of Speech and Natural Language Workshop, 6 pages.Applicant
• Stickel, “A Nonclausal Connection-Graph Resolution Theorem-Proving Program,” 1982, Proceedings of AAAI'82, 5 pages.Applicant
• Sugumaran, V., “A Distributed Intelligent Agent-Based Spatial Decision Support System,” Dec. 31, 1998, Proceedings of the Americas Conference on Information systems (AMCIS), 4 pages.Applicant
• Sycara, K., et al., “Coordination of Multiple Intelligent Software Agents,” International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems (IJCIS), vol. 5, Nos. 2 & 3, Jun. & Sep. 1996, 33 pages.Applicant
• Sycara, K., et al., “Distributed Intelligent Agents,” IEEE Expert, vol. 11, No. 6, Dec. 1996, 32 pages.Applicant
• Sycara, K., et al., “Dynamic Service Matchmaking Among Agents in Open Information Environments ,” 1999, SIGMOD Record, 7 pages.Applicant
• Sycara, K., et al., “The RETSINA MAS Infrastructure,” 2003, Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, vol. 7, 20 pages.Applicant
• Tyson, M., et al., “Domain-Independent Task Specification in the Tacitus Natural Language System,” May 1990, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 16 pages.Applicant
• Wahlster, W., et al., “Smartkom: multimodal communication with a life-like character,” 2001 EUROSPEECH-Scandinavia, 7th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, 5 pages.Applicant
• Waldinger, R., et al., “Deductive Question Answering from Multiple Resources,” 2003, New Directions in Question Answering, published by AAAI, Menlo Park, 22 pages.Applicant
• Walker, D., et al., “Natural Language Access to Medical Text,” Mar. 1981, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 23 pages.Applicant
• Waltz, D., “An English Language Question Answering System for a Large Relational Database,” © 1978 ACM, vol. 21, No. 7, 14 pages.Applicant
• Ward, W., et al., “A Class Based Language Model for Speech Recognition,” © 1996 IEEE, 3 pages.Applicant
• Ward, W., et al., “Recent Improvements in the CMU Spoken Language Understanding System,” 1994, ARPA Human Language Technology Workshop, 4 pages.Applicant
• Ward, W., “The CMU Air Travel Information Service: Understanding Spontaneous Speech,” Carnegie Mellon University, Jun. 1990, 3 pages.Applicant
• Warren, D.H.D., et al., “An Efficient Easily Adaptable System for Interpreting Natural Language Queries,” Jul.-Dec. 1982, American Journal of Computational Linguistics, vol. 8, No. 3-4, 11 pages.Applicant
• Weizenbaum, J., “ELIZA—A Computer Program for the Study of Natural Language Communication Between Man and Machine,” Communications of the ACM, vol. 9, No. 1, Jan. 1966, 10 pages.Applicant
• Winiwarter, W., “Adaptive Natural Language Interfaces to FAQ Knowledge Bases,” Jun. 17-19, 1999, Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems, Austria, 22 pages.Applicant
• Wu, X. et al., “KDA: A Knowledge-based Database Assistant,” Data Engineering, Feb. 6-10, 1989, Proceeding of the Fifth International Conference on Engineering (IEEE Cat. No. 89CH2695-5), 8 pages.Applicant
• Yang, J., et al., “Smart Sight: A Tourist Assistant System,” 1999 Proceedings of Third International Symposium on Wearable Computers, 6 pages.Applicant
• Zeng, D., et al., “Cooperative Intelligent Software Agents,” The Robotics Institute, Carnegie-Mellon University, Mar. 1995, 13 pages.Applicant
• Zhao, L., “Intelligent Agents for Flexible Workflow Systems,” Oct. 31, 1998 Proceedings of the Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS), 4 pages.Applicant
• Zue, V., et al., “From Interface to Content: Translingual Access and Delivery of On-Line Information,” 1997, EUROSPEECH, 4 pages.Applicant
• Zue, V., et al., “Jupiter: A Telephone-Based Conversational Interface for Weather Information,” Jan. 2000, IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, 13 pages.Applicant
• Zue, V., et al., “Pegasus: A Spoken Dialogue Interface for On-Line Air Travel Planning,” 1994 Elsevier, Speech Communication 15 (1994), 10 pages.Applicant
• Zue, V., et al., “The Voyager Speech Understanding System: Preliminary Development and Evaluation,” 1990, Proceedings of IEEE 1990 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 4 pages.Applicant
• Certificate of Examination dated Apr. 29, 2013 for Australian Patent No. 2012101191, 4 pages.Applicant
• Certificate of Examination dated May 21, 2013 for Australian Patent No. 2012101471, 5 pages.Applicant
• Certificate of Examination dated May 13, 2013 for Australian Patent No. 2012101465, 5 pages.Applicant
• Certificate of Examination dated May 13, 2013 for Australian Patent No. 2012101467, 5 pages.Applicant
• Certificate of Examination dated May 10, 2013 for Australian Patent No. 2012101466, 4 pages.Applicant
• Certificate of Examination dated May 9, 2013 for Australian Patent No. 2012101473, 4 pages.Applicant
• Certificate of Examination dated May 6, 2013 for Australian Patent No. 2012101470, 5 pages.Applicant
• Certificate of Examination dated May 6, 2013 for Australian Patent No. 2012101472, 5 pages.Applicant
• Certificate of Examination dated May 6, 2013 for Australian Patent No. 2012101469, 4 pages.Applicant
• Certificate of Examination dated May 2, 2013 for Australian Patent No. 2012101468, 5 pages.Applicant
• Notice of Allowance dated Jul. 10, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/725,656, 14 pages (Gruber).Applicant
• Office Action dated Jul. 11, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/784,707, 29 pages (Cheyer).Applicant
• Office Action dated Jul. 5, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/725,481, 50 pages (Chen).Applicant
• Office Action dated Jul. 5, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/725,713, 34 pages (Guzzoni).Applicant
• Office Action dated Jul. 2, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/725,761, 33 pages (Gruber).Applicant
• Office Action dated Jun. 28, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/725,616, 29 pages (Cheyer).Applicant
• Office Action dated Jun. 27, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/725,742, 29 pages (Cheyer).Applicant
• Office Action dated May 23, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/784,694, 27 pages (Gruber).Applicant
• Office Action dated Mar. 7, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/492,809, 26 pages (Gruber).Applicant
• Acero, A., et al., “Environmental Robustness in Automatic Speech Recognition,” International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'90), Apr. 3-6, 1990, 4 pages.Applicant
• Acero, A., et al., “Robust Speech Recognition by Normalization of the Acoustic Space,” International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1991, 4 pages.Applicant
• Ahlbom, G., et al., “Modeling Spectral Speech Transitions Using Temporal Decomposition Techniques,” IEEE International Conference of Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'87), Apr. 1987, vol. 12, 4 pages.Applicant
• Aikawa, K., “Speech Recognition Using Time-Warping Neural Networks,” Proceedings of the 1991 IEEE Workshop on Neural Networks for Signal Processing, Sep. 30 to Oct. 1, 1991, 10 pages.Applicant
• Anastasakos, A., et al., “Duration Modeling in Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition,” International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'95), May 9-12, 1995, 4 pages.Applicant
• Anderson, R. H., “Syntax-Directed Recognition of Hand-Printed Two-Dimensional Mathematics,” In Proceedings of Symposium on Interactive Systems for Experimental Applied Mathematics: Proceedings of the Association for Computing Machinery Inc. Symposium, ©1967, 12 pages.Applicant
• Ansari, R., et al., “Pitch Modification of Speech using a Low-Sensitivity Inverse Filter Approach,” IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 5, No. 3, Mar. 1998, 3 pages.Applicant
• Anthony, N. J., et al., “Supervised Adaption for Signature Verification System,” Jun. 1, 1978, IBM Technical Disclosure, 3 pages.Applicant
• Apple Computer, “Guide Maker User's Guide,” © Apple Computer, Inc., Apr. 27, 1994, 8 pages.Applicant
• Apple Computer, “Introduction to Apple Guide,” © Apple Computer, Inc., Apr. 28, 1994, 20 pages.Applicant
• Asanovia, K., et al., “Experimental Determination of Precision Requirements for Back-Propagation Training of Artificial Neural Networks,” In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of Microelectronics for Neural Networks, 1991, www.ICSI.Berkeley.EDU, 7 pages.Applicant
• Atal, B. S., “Efficient Coding of LPC Parameters by Temporal Decomposition,” IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'83), Apr. 1983, 4 pages.Applicant
• Bahl, L. R., et al., “Acoustic Markov Models Used in the Tangora Speech Recognition System,” In Proceeding of International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'88), Apr. 11-14, 1988, vol. 1, 4 pages.Applicant
• Bahl, L. R., et al., “A Maximum Likelihood Approach to Continuous Speech Recognition,” IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. PAMI-5, No. 2, Mar. 1983, 13 pages.Applicant
• Bahl, L. R., et al., “A Tree-Based Statistical Language Model for Natural Language Speech Recognition,” IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 37, Issue 7, Jul. 1989, 8 pages.Applicant
• Bahl, L. R., et al., “Large Vocabulary Natural Language Continuous Speech Recognition,” In Proceedings of 1989 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, May 23-26, 1989, vol. 1, 6 pages.Applicant
• Bahl, L. R., et al, “Multonic Markov Word Models for Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition,” IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 1, No. 3, Jul. 1993, 11 pages.Applicant
• Bahl, L. R., et al., “Speech Recognition with Continuous-Parameter Hidden Markov Models,” In Proceeding of International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'88), Apr. 11-14, 1988, vol. 1, 8 pages.Applicant
• Banbrook, M., “Nonlinear Analysis of Speech from a Synthesis Perspective,” A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The University of Edinburgh, Oct. 15, 1996, 35 pages.Applicant
• Belaid, A., et al., “A Syntactic Approach for Handwritten Mathematical Formula Recognition,” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. PAMI-6, No. 1, Jan. 1984, 7 pages.Applicant
• Bellegarda, E. J., et al., “On-Line Handwriting Recognition Using Statistical Mixtures,” Advances in Handwriting and Drawings: A Multidisciplinary Approach, Europia, 6th International IGS Conference on Handwriting and Drawing, Paris-France, Jul. 1993, 11 pages.Applicant
• Bellegarda, J. R., “A Latent Semantic Analysis Framework for Large-Span Language Modeling,” 5th European Conference on Speech, Communication and Technology, (EUROSPEECH'97), Sep. 22-25, 1997, 4 pages.Applicant
• Bellegarda, J. R., “A Multispan Language Modeling Framework for Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition,” IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 6, No. 5, Sep. 1998, 12 pages.Applicant
• Bellegarda, J. R., et al., “A Novel Word Clustering Algorithm Based on Latent Semantic Analysis,” In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'96), vol. 1, 4 pages.Applicant
• Bellegarda, J. R., et al., “Experiments Using Data Augmentation for Speaker Adaptation,” International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'95), May 9-12, 1995, 4 pages.Applicant
• Bellegarda, J. R., “Exploiting Both Local and Global Constraints for Multi-Span Statistical Language Modeling,” Proceeding of the 1998 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'98), vol. 2, May 12-15, 1998, 5 pages.Applicant
• Bellegarda, J. R., “Exploiting Latent Semantic Information in Statistical Language Modeling,” In Proceedings of the IEEE, Aug. 2000, vol. 88, No. 8, 18 pages.Applicant
• Bellegarda, J. R., “Interaction-Driven Speech Input—A Data-Driven Approach to the Capture of Both Local and Global Language Constraints,” 1992, 7 pages, available at http://old.sigchi.org/bulletin/1998.2/bellegarda.html.Applicant
• Bellegarda, J. R., “Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition with Multispan Statistical Language Models,” IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 8, No. 1, Jan. 2000, 9 pages.Applicant
• Bellegarda, J. R., et al., “Performance of the IBM Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition System on the ARPA Wall Street Journal Task,” Signal Processing VII: Theories and Applications, © 1994 European Association for Signal Processing, 4 pages.Applicant
• Bellegarda, J. R., et al., “The Metamorphic Algorithm: A Speaker Mapping Approach to Data Augmentation,” IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 2, No. 3, Jul. 1994, 8 pages.Applicant
• Black, A. W., et al., “Automatically Clustering Similar Units for Unit Selection in Speech Synthesis,” In Proceedings of Eurospeech 1997, vol. 2, 4 pages.Applicant
• Blair, D. C., et al., “An Evaluation of Retrieval Effectiveness for a Full-Text Document-Retrieval System,” Communications of the ACM, vol. 28, No. 3, Mar. 1985, 11 pages.Applicant
• Briner, L. L., “Identifying Keywords in Text Data Processing,” In Zelkowitz, Marvin V., ED, Directions and Challenges, 15th Annual Technical Symposium, Jun. 17, 1976, Gaithersbury, Maryland, 7 pages.Applicant
• Bulyko, I., et al., “Joint Prosody Prediction and Unit Selection for Concatenative Speech Synthesis,” Electrical Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, 2001, 4 pages.Applicant
• Bussey, H. E., et al., “Service Architecture, Prototype Description, and Network Implications of a Personalized Information Grazing Service,” INFOCOM'90, Ninth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communication Societies, Jun. 3-7, 1990, http://slrohall.com/publications/, 8 pages.Applicant
• Buzo, A., et al., “Speech Coding Based Upon Vector Quantization,” IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-28, No. 5, Oct. 1980, 13 pages.Applicant
• Caminero-Gil, J., et al., “Data-Driven Discourse Modeling for Semantic Interpretation,” In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, May 7-10, 1996, 6 pages.Applicant
• Cawley, G. C., “The Application of Neural Networks to Phonetic Modelling,” PhD Thesis, University of Essex, Mar. 1996, 13 pages.Applicant
• Chang, S., et al., “A Segment-based Speech Recognition System for Isolated Mandarin Syllables,” Proceedings TENCON '93, IEEE Region 10 conference on Computer, Communication, Control and Power Engineering, Oct. 19-21, 1993, vol. 3, 6 pages.Applicant
• Conklin, J., “Hypertext: An Introduction and Survey,” Computer Magazine, Sep. 1987, 25 pages.Applicant
• Connolly, F. T., et al., “Fast Algorithms for Complex Matrix Multiplication Using Surrogates,” IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Jun. 1989, vol. 37, No. 6, 13 pages.Applicant
• Deerwester, S., et al., “Indexing by Latent Semantic Analysis,” Journal of the American Society for Information Science, vol. 41, No. 6, Sep. 1990, 19 pages.Applicant
• Deller, Jr., J. R., et al., “Discrete-Time Processing of Speech Signals,” © 1987 Prentice Hall, ISBN: 0-02-328301-7, 14 pages.Applicant
• Digital Equipment Corporation, “Open VMS Software Overview,” Dec. 1995, software manual, 159 pages.Applicant
• Donovan, R. E., “A New Distance Measure for Costing Spectral Discontinuities in Concatenative Speech Synthesisers,” 2001, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.21.6398, 4 pages.Applicant
• Frisse, M. E., “Searching for Information in a Hypertext Medical Handbook,” Communications of the ACM, vol. 31, No. 7, Jul. 1988, 8 pages.Applicant
• Goldberg, D., et al., “Using Collaborative Filtering to Weave an Information Tapestry,” Communications of the ACM, vol. 35, No. 12, Dec. 1992, 10 pages.Applicant
• Gorin, A. L., et al., “On Adaptive Acquisition of Language,” International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'90), vol. 1, Apr. 3-6, 1990, 5 pages.Applicant
• Gotoh, Y., et al., “Document Space Models Using Latent Semantic Analysis,” In Proceedings of Eurospeech, 1997, 4 pages.Applicant
• Gray, R. M., “Vector Quantization,” IEEE ASSP Magazine, Apr. 1984, 26 pages.Applicant
• Harris, F. J., “On the Use of Windows for Harmonic Analysis with the Discrete Fourier Transform,” In Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 66, No. 1, Jan. 1978, 34 pages.Applicant
• Helm, R., et al., “Building Visual Language Parsers,” In Proceedings of CHI'91 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 8 pages.Applicant
• Hermansky, H., “Perceptual Linear Predictive (PLP) Analysis of Speech,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 87, No. 4, Apr. 1990, 15 pages.Applicant
• Hermansky, H., “Recognition of Speech in Additive and Convolutional Noise Based on Rasta Spectral Processing,” In proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'93), Apr. 27-30, 1993, 4 pages.Applicant
• Hoehfeld M., et al., “Learning with Limited Numerical Precision Using the Cascade-Correlation Algorithm,” IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 3, No. 4, Jul. 1992, 18 pages.Applicant
• Holmes, J. N., “Speech Synthesis and Recognition—Stochastic Models for Word Recognition,” Speech Synthesis and Recognition, Published by Chapman & Hall, London, ISBN 0 412 53430 4, © 1998 J. N. Holmes, 7 pages.Applicant
• Hon, H.W., et al., “CMU Robust Vocabulary-Independent Speech Recognition System,” IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP-91), Apr. 14-17, 1991, 4 pages.Applicant
• IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, “Speech Editor,” vol. 29, No. 10, Mar. 10, 1987, 3 pages.Applicant
• IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, “Integrated Audio-Graphics User Interface,” vol. 33, No. 11, Apr. 1991, 4 pages.Applicant
• IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, “Speech Recognition with Hidden Markov Models of Speech Waveforms,” vol. 34, No. 1, Jun. 1991, 10 pages.Applicant
• Iowegian International, “FIR Filter Properties,” dspGuro, Digital Signal Processing Central, http://www.dsgguru.com/dsp/tags/fir/properties, downloaded on Jul. 28, 2010, 6 pages.Applicant
• Jacobs, P. S., et al., “Scisor: Extracting Information from On-Line News,” Communications of the ACM, vol. 33, No. 11, Nov. 1990, 10 pages.Applicant
• Jelinek, F., “Self-Organized Language Modeling for Speech Recognition,” Readings in Speech Recognition, edited by Alex Waibel and Kai-Fu Lee, May 15, 1990, © 1990 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc., ISBN: 1-55860-124-4, 63 pages.Applicant
• Jennings, A., et al., “A Personal News Service Based on a User Model Neural Network,” IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, vol. E75-D, No. 2, Mar. 1992, Tokyo, JP, 12 pages.Applicant
• Ji, T., et al., “A Method for Chinese Syllables Recognition based upon Sub-syllable Hidden Markov Model,” 1994 International Symposium on Speech, Image Processing and Neural Networks, Apr. 13-16, 1994, Hong Kong, 4 pages.Applicant
• Jones, J., “Speech Recognition for Cyclone,” Apple Computer, Inc., E.R.S., Revision 2.9, Sep. 10, 1992, 93 pages.Applicant
• Katz, S. M., “Estimation of Probabilities from Sparse Data for the Language Model Component of a Speech Recognizer,” IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-35, No. 3, Mar. 1987, 3 pages.Applicant
• Kitano, H., “PhiDM-Dialog, An Experimental Speech-to-Speech Dialog Translation System,” Jun. 1991 Computer, vol. 24, No. 6, 13 pages.Applicant
• Klabbers, E., et al., “Reducing Audible Spectral Discontinuities,” IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 9, No. 1, Jan. 2001, 13 pages.Applicant
• Klatt, D. H., “Linguistic Uses of Segmental Duration in English: Acoustic and Perpetual Evidence,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 59, No. 5, May 1976, 16 pages.Applicant
• Kominek, J., et al., “Impact of Durational Outlier Removal from Unit Selection Catalogs,” 5th ISCA Speech Synthesis Workshop, Jun. 14-16, 2004, 6 pages.Applicant
• Kubala, F., et al., “Speaker Adaptation from a Speaker-Independent Training Corpus,” International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'90), Apr. 3-6, 1990, 4 pages.Applicant
• Kubala, F., et al., “The Hub and Spoke Paradigm for CSR Evaluation,” Proceedings of the Spoken Language Technology Workshop, Mar. 6-8, 1994, 9 pages.Applicant
• Lee, K.F., “Large-Vocabulary Speaker-Independent Continuous Speech Recognition: The SPHINX System,” Apr. 18, 1988, Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, 195 pages.Applicant
• Lee, L., et al., “A Real-Time Mandarin Dictation Machine for Chinese Language with Unlimited Texts and Very Large Vocabulary,” International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 1, Apr. 3-6, 1990, 5 pages.Applicant
• Lee, L, et al., “Golden Mandarin(II)—An Improved Single-Chip Real-Time Mandarin Dictation Machine for Chinese Language with Very Large Vocabulary,” 0-7803-0946-4/93 ©1993 IEEE, 4 pages.Applicant
• Lee, L, et al., “Golden Mandarin(II)—An Intelligent Mandarin Dictation Machine for Chinese Character Input with Adaptation/Learning Functions,” International Symposium on Speech, Image Processing and Neural Networks, Apr. 13-16, 1994, Hong Kong, 5 pages.Applicant
• Lee, L., et al., “System Description of Golden Mandarin (I) Voice Input for Unlimited Chinese Characters,” International Conference on Computer Processing of Chinese & Oriental Languages, vol. 5, Nos. 3 & 4, Nov. 1991, 16 pages.Applicant
• Lin, C.H., et al., “A New Framework for Recognition of Mandarin Syllables With Tones Using Sub-syllabic Unites,” IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP-93), Apr. 27-30, 1993, 4 pages.Applicant
• Linde, Y., et al., “An Algorithm for Vector Quantizer Design,” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 28, No. 1, Jan. 1980, 12 pages.Applicant
• Liu, F.H., et al., “Efficient Joint Compensation of Speech for the Effects of Additive Noise and Linear Filtering,” IEEE International Conference of Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP-92, Mar. 23-26, 1992, 4 pages.Applicant
• Logan, B., “Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients for Music Modeling,” In International Symposium on Music Information Retrieval, 2000, 2 pages.Applicant
• Lowerre, B. T., “The-Harpy Speech Recognition System,” Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Apr. 1976, 20 pages.Applicant
• Maghbouleh, A., “An Empirical Comparison of Automatic Decision Tree and Linear Regression Models for Vowel Durations,” Revised version of a paper presented at the Computational Phonology in Speech Technology workshop, 1996 annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics in Santa Cruz, California, 7 pages.Applicant
• Markel, J. D., et al., “Linear Prediction of Speech,” Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York 1976, 12 pages.Applicant
• Morgan, B., “Business Objects,” (Business Objects for Windows) Business Objects Inc., DBMS Sep. 1992, vol. 5, No. 10, 3 pages.Applicant
• Mountford, S. J., et al., “Talking and Listening to Computers,” The Art of Human-Computer Interface Design, Copyright © 1990 Apple Computer, Inc. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., 17 pages.Applicant
• Murty, K. S. R., et al., “Combining Evidence from Residual Phase and MFCC Features for Speaker Recognition,” IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 13, No. 1, Jan. 2006, 4 pages.Applicant
• Murveit H. et al., “Integrating Natural Language Constraints into HMM-based Speech Recognition,” 1990 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Apr. 3-6, 1990, 5 pages.Applicant
• Nakagawa, S., et al., “Speaker Recognition by Combining MFCC and Phase Information,” IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Mar. 14-19, 2010, 4 pages.Applicant
• Niesler, T. R., et al., “A Variable-Length Category-Based N-Gram Language Model,” IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'96), vol. 1, May 7-10, 1996, 6 pages.Applicant
• Papadimitriou, C. H., et al., “Latent Semantic Indexing: A Probabilistic Analysis,” Nov. 14, 1997, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/messages/downloadsexceeded.html, 21 pages.Applicant
• Parsons, T. W., “Voice and Speech Processing,” Linguistics and Technical Fundamentals, Articulatory Phonetics and Phonemics, © 1987 McGraw-Hill, Inc., ISBN: 0-07-0485541-0, 5 pages.Applicant
• Parsons, T. W., “Voice and Speech Processing,” Pitch and Formant Estimation, © 1987 McGraw-Hill, Inc., ISBN: 0-07-0485541-0, 15 pages.Applicant
• Picone, J., “Continuous Speech Recognition Using Hidden Markov Models,” IEEE ASSP Magazine, vol. 7, No. 3, Jul. 1990, 16 pages.Applicant
• Rabiner, L. R., et al., “Fundamental of Speech Recognition,” © 1993 AT&T, Published by Prentice-Hall, Inc., ISBN: 0-13-285826-6, 17 pages.Applicant
• Rabiner, L. R., et al., “Note on the Properties of a Vector Quantizer for LPC Coefficients,” The Bell System Technical Journal, vol. 62, No. 8, Oct. 1983, 9 pages.Applicant
• Ratcliffe, M., “ClearAccess 2.0 allows SQL searches off-line,” (Structured Query Language), ClearAcess Corp., MacWeek Nov. 16, 1992, vol. 6, No. 41, 2 pages.Applicant
• Remde, J. R., et al., “SuperBook: An Automatic Tool for Information Exploration-Hypertext?,” In Proceedings of Hypertext'87 papers, Nov. 13-15, 1987, 14 pages.Applicant
• Reynolds, C. F., “On-Line Reviews: A New Application of the HICOM Conferencing System,” IEE Colloquium on Human Factors in Electronic Mail and Conferencing Systems, Feb. 3, 1989, 4 pages.Applicant
• Rigoll, G., “Speaker Adaptation for Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition Systems Using Speaker Markov Models,” International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'89), May 23-26, 1989, 4 pages.Applicant
• Riley, M. D., “Tree-Based Modelling of Segmental Durations,” Talking Machines Theories, Models, and Designs, 1992 © Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., North-Holland, ISBN: 08-444-89115.3, 15 pages.Applicant
• Rivoira, S., et al., “Syntax and Semantics in a Word-Sequence Recognition System,” IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'79), Apr. 1979, 5 pages.Applicant
• Rosenfeld, R., “A Maximum Entropy Approach to Adaptive Statistical Language Modelling,” Computer Speech and Language, vol. 10, No. 3, Jul. 1996, 25 pages.Applicant
• Roszkiewicz, A., “Extending your Apple,” Back Talk—Lip Service, A+ Magazine, The Independent Guide for Apple Computing, vol. 2, No. 2, Feb. 1984, 5 pages.Applicant
• Sakoe, H., et al., “Dynamic Programming Algorithm Optimization for Spoken Word Recognition,” IEEE Transactins on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Feb. 1978, vol. ASSP-26 No. 1, 8 pages.Applicant
• Salton, G., et al., “On the Application of Syntactic Methodologies in Automatic Text Analysis,” Information Processing and Management, vol. 26, No. 1, Great Britain 1990, 22 pages.Applicant
• Savoy, J., “Searching Information in Hypertext Systems Using Multiple Sources of Evidence,” International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, vol. 38, No. 6, Jun. 1993, 15 pages.Applicant
• Scagliola, C., “Language Models and Search Algorithms for Real-Time Speech Recognition,” International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, vol. 22, No. 5, 1985, 25 pages.Applicant
• Schmandt, C., et al., “Augmenting a Window System with Speech Input,” IEEE Computer Society, Computer Aug. 1990, vol. 23, No. 8, 8 pages.Applicant
• Schütze, H., “Dimensions of Meaning,” Proceedings of Supercomputing'92 Conference, Nov. 16-20, 1992, 10 pages.Applicant
• Sheth B., et al., “Evolving Agents for Personalized Information Filtering,” In Proceedings of the Ninth Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Applications, Mar. 1-5, 1993, 9 pages.Applicant
• Shikano, K., et al., “Speaker Adaptation Through Vector Quantization,” IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'86), vol. 11, Apr. 1986, 4 pages.Applicant
• Sigurdsson, S., et al., “Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients: An Evaluation of Robustness of MP3 Encoded Music,” In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), 2006, 4 pages.Applicant
• Silverman, K. E. A., et al., “Using a Sigmoid Transformation for Improved Modeling of Phoneme Duration,” Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Mar. 15-19, 1999, 5 pages.Applicant
• Tenenbaum, A.M., et al., “Data Structure Using Pascal,” 1981 Prentice-Hall, Inc., 34 pages.Applicant
• Tsai, W.H., et al., “Attributed Grammar—A Tool for Combining Syntactic and Statistical Approaches to Pattern Recognition,” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. SMC-10, No. 12, Dec. 1980, 13 pages.Applicant
• Udell, J., “Computer Telephony,” BYTE, vol. 19, No. 7, Jul. 1, 1994, 9 pages.Applicant
• van Santen, J. P. H., “Contextual Effects on Vowel Duration,” Journal Speech Communication, vol. 11, No. 6, Dec. 1992, 34 pages.Applicant
• Vepa, J., et al., “New Objective Distance Measures for Spectral Discontinuities in Concatenative Speech Synthesis,” In Proceedings of the IEEE 2002 Workshop on Speech Synthesis, 4 pages.Applicant
• Verschelde, J., “MATLAB Lecture 8. Special Matrices in MATLAB,” Nov. 23, 2005, UIC Dept. of Math., Stat.. & C.S., MCS 320, Introduction to Symbolic Computation, 4 pages.Applicant
• Vingron, M. “Near-Optimal Sequence Alignment,” Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Abteilung Theoretische Bioinformatik, Heidelberg, Germany, Jun. 1996, 20 pages.Applicant
• Werner, S., et al., “Prosodic Aspects of Speech,” Universitéde Lausanne, Switzerland, 1994, Fundamentals of Speech Synthesis and Speech Recognition: Basic Concepts, State of the Art, and Future Challenges, 18 pages.Applicant
• Wikipedia, “Mel Scale,” Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, last modified p. date: Oct. 13, 2009, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel—scale, 2 pages.Applicant
• Wikipedia, “Minimum Phase,” Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, last modified page date: Jan. 12, 2010, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum—phase, 8 pages.Applicant
• Wolff, M., “Poststructuralism and the Artful Database: Some Theoretical Considerations,” Information Technology and Libraries, vol. 13, No. 1, Mar. 1994, 10 pages.Applicant
• Wu, M., “Digital Speech Processing and Coding,” ENEE408G Capstone-Multimedia Signal Processing, Spring 2003, Lecture-2 course presentation, University of Maryland, College Park, 8 pages.Applicant
• Wu, M., “Speech Recognition, Synthesis, and H.C.I.,” ENEE408G Capstone-Multimedia Signal Processing, Spring 2003, Lecture-3 course presentation, University of Maryland, College Park, 11 pages.Applicant
• Wyle, M. F., “A Wide Area Network Information Filter,” In Proceedings of First International Conference on Artificial Intelligence on Wall Street, Oct. 9-11, 1991, 6 pages.Applicant
• Yankelovich, N., et al., “Intermedia: The Concept and the Construction of a Seamless Information Environment,” Computer Magazine, Jan. 1988, © 1988 IEEE, 16 pages.Applicant
• Yoon, K., et al., “Letter-to-Sound Rules for Korean,” Department of Linguistics, The Ohio State University, 2002, 4 pages.Applicant
• Zhao, Y., “An Acoustic-Phonetic-Based Speaker Adaptation Technique for Improving Speaker-Independent Continuous Speech Recognition,” IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 2, No. 3, Jul. 1994, 15 pages.Applicant
• Zovato, E., et al., “Towards Emotional Speech Synthesis: A Rule Based Approach,” 5th ISCA Speech Synthesis Workshop—Pittsburgh, Jun. 14-16, 2004, 2 pages.Applicant
• International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Aug. 25, 2010, received in International Application No. PCT/US2010/037378, which corresponds to U.S. Appl. No. 12/479,477, 16 pages (Apple Inc.).Applicant
• International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Nov. 16, 2012, received in International Application No. PCT/US2012/040571, which corresponds to U.S. Appl. No. 13/251,088 14 pages (Apple Inc.).Applicant
• International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Dec. 20, 2012, received in International Application No. PCT/US2012/056382, which corresponds to U.S. Appl. No. 13/250,947, 11 pages (Gruber).Applicant
• International Search Report dated Nov. 9, 1994, received in International Application No. PCT/US1993/12666, which corresponds to U.S. Appl. No. 07/999,302, 8 pages (Robert Don Strong).Applicant
• International Preliminary Examination Report dated Mar. 1, 1995, received in International Application No. PCT/US1993/12666, which corresponds to U.S. Appl. No. 07/999,302, 5 pages (Robert Don Strong).Applicant
• International Preliminary Examination Report dated Apr. 10, 1995, received in International Application No. PCT/US1993/12637, which corresponds to U.S. Appl. No. 07/999,354, 7 pages (Alejandro Acero).Applicant
• International Search Report dated Feb. 8, 1995, received in International Application No. PCT/US1994/11011, which corresponds to U.S. Appl. No. 08/129,679, 7 pages (Yen-Lu Chow).Applicant
• International Preliminary Examination Report dated Feb. 28, 1996, received in International Application No. PCT/US1994/11011, which corresponds to U.S. Appl. No. 08/129,679, 4 pages (Yen-Lu Chow).Applicant
• Written Opinion dated Aug. 21, 1995, received in International Application No. PCT/US1994/11011, which corresponds to U.S. Appl. No. 08/129,679, 4 pages (Yen-Lu Chow).Applicant
• International Search Report dated Nov. 8, 1995, received in International Application No. PCT/US1995/08369, which corresponds to U.S. Appl. No. 08/271,639, 6 pages (Peter V. De Souza).Applicant
• International Preliminary Examination Report dated Oct. 9, 1996, received in International Application No. PCT/US1995/08369, which corresponds to U.S. Appl. No. 08/271,639, 4 pages (Peter V. De Souza).Applicant
• Australian Office Action dated Dec. 7, 2012 for Application No. 2010254812, 8 pages.Applicant
• Australian Office Action dated Nov. 27, 2012 for Application No. 2012101471, 6 pages.Applicant
• Australian Office Action dated Nov. 22, 2012 for Application No. 2012101466, 6 pages.Applicant
• Australian Office Action dated Nov. 14, 2012 for Application No. 2012101473, 6 pages.Applicant
• Australian Office Action dated Nov. 19, 2012 for Application No. 2012101470, 5 pages.Applicant
• Australian Office Action dated Nov. 28, 2012 for Application No. 2012101468, 5 pages.Applicant
• Australian Office Action dated Nov. 19, 2012 for Application No. 2012101472, 5 pages.Applicant
• Australian Office Action dated Nov. 19, 2012 for Application No. 2012101469, 6 pages.Applicant
• Australian Office Action dated Nov. 15, 2012 for Application No. 2012101465, 6 pages.Applicant
• Australian Office Action dated Nov. 13, 2012 for Application No. 2011205426, 7 pages.Applicant
• Australian Office Action dated Nov. 30, 2012 for Application No. 2012101467, 6 pages.Applicant
• Australian Office Action dated Oct. 31, 2012 for Application No. 2012101191, 6 pages.Applicant
• Canadian Office Action dated Mar. 27, 2013 for Application No. 2,793,118, 3 pages.Applicant
• Current claims of PCT Application No. PCT/US11/20861 dated Jan. 11, 2011, 17 pages.Applicant
• EP Communication under Rule-161(2) and 162 EPC for Application No. 117079392.2-2201, 4 pages.Applicant
• GB Patent Act 1977: Combined Search Report and Examination Report under Sections 17 and 18(3) for Application No. GB1009318.5, report dated Oct. 8, 2010, 5 pages.Applicant
• GB Patent Act 1977: Combined Search Report and Examination Report under Sections 17 and 18(3) for Application No. GB1217449.6, report dated Jan. 17, 2013, 6 pages.Applicant
• Final Office Action dated Jun. 19, 2012, received in U.S. Appl. No. 12/479,477, 46 pages (van Os).Applicant
• Final Office Action dated Mar. 25, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/251,127, 53 pages (Gruber).Applicant
• Office Action dated Sep. 29, 2011, received in U.S. Appl. No. 12/479,477, 32 pages (van Os).Applicant
• Office Action dated Jan. 31, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/251,088, 38 pages (Gruber).Applicant
• Office Action dated Nov. 28, 2012, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/251,104, 49 pages (Gruber).Applicant
• Office Action dated Dec. 7, 2012, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/251,118, 52 pages (Gruber).Applicant
• Office Action dated Nov. 8, 2012, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/251,127, 35 pages (Gruber).Applicant
• Office Action dated Apr. 16, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/725,550, 8 pages (Cheyer).Applicant
• Office Action dated Mar. 27, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 13/725,656, 22 pages (Gruber).Applicant
• Office Action dated Mar. 14, 2013, received in U.S. Appl. No. 12/987,982, 59 pages (Gruber).Applicant
• Russian Office Action dated Nov. 8, 2012 for Application No. 2012144647, 7 pages.Applicant
• Russian Office Action dated Dec. 6, 2012 for Application No. 2012144605, 6 pages.Applicant
• Alfred App, 2011, alfredapp.com/, 5 pages.Applicant
• Ambite, JL., et al., “Design and Implementation of the CALO Query Manager,” Copyright © 2006, American Association for Artificial Intelligence, (www.aaai.org), 8 pages.Applicant
• Ambite, JL., et al., “Integration of Heterogeneous Knowledge Sources in the CALO Query Manager,” 2005, The 4th International Conference on Ontologies, DataBases, and Applications of Semantics (ODBASE), Agia Napa, Cyprus, isi.edu/people/ambite/publications/integration—heterogeneous—knowledge—sources—calo—query—manager, 18 pages.Applicant
• Belvin, R. et al., “Development of the HRL Route Navigation Dialogue System,” 2001, In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Human Language Technology Research, Paper, Copyright © 2001 HRL Laboratories, LLC, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.10.6538, 5 pages.Applicant
• Berry, P. M., et al. “PTIME: Personalized Assistance for Calendaring,” ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology, vol. 2, No. 4, Article 40, Publication date: Jul. 2011, 40:1-22, 22 pages.Applicant
• Butcher, M., “EVI arrives in town to go toe-to-toe with Siri,” Jan. 23, 2012, http://techcrunch.com/2012/01/23/evi-arrives-in-town-to-go-toe-to-toe-with-siri/, 2 pages.Applicant
• Chen, Y., “Multimedia Siri Finds and Plays Whatever You Ask For,” Feb. 9, 2012, psfk.com/2012/02/multimedia-siri.html, 9 pages.Applicant
• Cheyer, A. et al., “Spoken Language and Multimodal Applications for Electronic Realties,” © Springer-Verlag London Ltd, Virtual Reality 1999, 3:1-15, 15 pages.Applicant
• Cutkosky, M. R. et al., “PACT: An Experiment in Integrating Concurrent Engineering Systems,” Journal, Computer, vol. 26 Issue 1, Jan. 1993, IEEE Computer Society Press Los Alamitos, CA, USA, http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=165320, 14 pages.Applicant
• Dusan, S., et al., “Multimodal Interaction on PDA's Integrating Speech and Pen Inputs,” Eurospeech 2003-Geneva, 4 pages.Applicant
• Elio, R. et al., “On Abstract Task Models and Conversation Policies,” May 1999, http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/˜ree/publications/papers2/ATS.AA99.pdf, 10 pages.Applicant
• Ericsson, S. et al., “Software illustrating a unified approach to multimodality and multilinguality in the in-home domain,” Dec. 22, 2006, Talk and Look: Tools for Ambient Linguistic Knowledge, talk-project.eurice.eu/fileadmin/talk/publications—public/deliverables—public/D1—6.pdf, 127 pages.Applicant
• Evi, “Meet Evi: the one mobile app that provides solutions for your everyday problems,” Feb. 8, 2012, evi.com/, 3 pages.Applicant
• Feigenbaum, E., et al., “Computer-assisted Semantic Annotation of Scientific Life Works,” 2007, http://tomgruber.org/writing/stanford-cs300.pdf, 22 pages.Applicant
• Gannes, L., “Alfred App Gives Personalized Restaurant Recommendations,” allthingsd.com, Jul. 18, 2011, http://allthingsd.com/20110718/alfred-app-gives-personalized-restaurant-recommendations/, 3 pages.Applicant
• Gautier, P. O., et al. “Generating Explanations of Device Behavior Using Compositional Modeling and Causal Ordering,” 1993, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.42.8394, 9 pages.Applicant
• Gervasio, M. T., et al., Active Preference Learning for Personalized Calendar Scheduling Assistancae, Copyright © 2005, ai.sri.com/˜gervasio/pubs/gervasio-iui05.pdf, 8 pages.Applicant
• Glass, A., “Explaining Preference Learning,” 2006, http://cs229.stanford.edu/proj2006/Glass-ExplainingPreferenceLearning.pdf, 5 pages.Applicant
• Glass, J., et al., “Multilingual Spoken-Language Understanding in the MIT Voyager System,” Aug. 1995, http://groups.csail.mit.edu/sls/publications/1995/speechcomm95-voyager.pdf, 29 pages.Applicant
• Goddeau, D., et al., “A Form-Based Dialogue Manager for Spoken Language Applications,” Oct. 1996, http://phasedance.com/pdf/icslp96.pdf, 4 pages.Applicant
• Goddeau, D., et al., “Galaxy: A Human-Language Interface to On-Line Travel Information,” 1994 International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, Sep. 18-22, 1994, Pacific Convention Plaza Yokohama, Japan, 6 pages.Applicant
• Gruber, T. R., et al., “An Ontology for Engineering Mathematics,” In Jon Doyle, Piero Torasso, & Erik Sandewall, Eds., Fourth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Gustav Stresemann Institut, Bonn, Germany, Morgan Kaufmann, 1994, ksl.stanford.edu/knowledge-sharing/papers/engmath.html, 22 pages.Applicant
• Gruber, T. R., “A Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specifications,” Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Sep. 1992, Technical Report KSL 92-71, Revised Apr. 1993, 27 pages.Applicant
• Gruber, T. R., “Automated Knowledge Acquisition for Strategic Knowledge,” Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Machine Learning, 4, 293-336 (1989), 44 pages.Applicant
• Gruber, T. R., “(Avoiding) the Travesty of the Commons,” Presentation at NPUC 2006, New Paradigms for User Computing, IBM Almaden Research Center, Jul. 24, 2006. http://tomgruber.org/writing/avoiding-travestry.htm, 52 pages.Applicant
• Gruber, T. R., “Big Think Small Screen: How semantic computing in the cloud will revolutionize the consumer experience on the phone,” Keynote presentation at Web 3.0 conference, Jan. 27, 2010, http://tomgruber.org/writing/web30jan2010.htm, 41 pages.Applicant
• Gruber, T. R., “Collaborating around Shared Content on the WWW,” W3C Workshop on WWW and Collaboration, Cambridge, MA, Sep. 11, 1995, w3.org/Collaboration/Workshop/Proceedings/P9.html, 1 page.Applicant
• Gruber, T. R., “Collective Knowledge Systems: Where the Social Web meets the Semantic Web,” Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web (2007), doi:10.1016/j.websem.2007.11.011, keynote presentation given at the 5th International Semantic Web Conference, Nov. 7, 2006, 19 pages.Applicant
• Gruber, T. R., “Despite our Best Efforts, Ontologies are not the Problem,” AAAI Spring Symposium, Mar. 2008, http://tomgruber.org/writing/aaai-ss08.htm, 40 pages.Applicant
• Gruber, T. R., “Enterprise Collaboration Management with Intraspect,” Intraspect Software, Inc., Instraspect Technical White Paper Jul. 2001, 24 pages.Applicant
• Gruber, T. R., “Every ontology is a treaty—a social agreement—among people with some common motive in sharing,” Interview by Dr. Miltiadis D. Lytras, Official Quarterly Bulletin of AIS Special Interest Group on Semantic Web and Information Systems, vol. 1, Issue 3, 2004, sigsemis.org 1, 5 pages.Applicant
• Gruber, T. R., et al., “Generative Design Rationale: Beyond the Record and Replay Paradigm,” Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Dec. 1991, Technical Report KSL 92-59, Updated Feb. 1993, 24 pages.Applicant
• Gruber, T. R., “Helping Organizations Collaborate, Communicate, and Learn,” Presentation to NASA Ames Research, Mountain View, CA, Mar. 2003, http://tomgruber.org/writing/organizational-intelligence-talk.htm, 30 pages.Applicant
• Gruber, T. R., “Intelligence at the Interface: Semantic Technology and the Consumer Internet Experience,” Presentation at Semantic Technologies conference (SemTech08), May 20, 2008, http://tomgruber.org/writing.htm, 40 pages.Applicant
• Gruber, T. R., Interactive Acquisition of Justifications: Learning “Why” by Being Told “What” Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Oct. 1990, Technical Report KSL 91 17, Revised Feb. 1991, 24 pages.Applicant
• Gruber, T. R., “It Is What It Does: The Pragmatics of Ontology for Knowledge Sharing,” (c) 2000, 2003, cidoc-crm.org/docs/symposium—presentations/gruber—cidoc-ontology-2003.pdf, 21 pages.Applicant
• Gruber, T. R., et al., “Machine-generated Explanations of Engineering Models: A Compositional Modeling Approach,” (1993) In Proc. International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.34.930, 7 pages.Applicant
• Gruber, T. R., “2021: Mass Collaboration and the Really New Economy,” TNTY Futures, the newsletter of The Next Twenty Years series, vol. 1, Issue 6, Aug. 2001, tnty.com/newsletter/futures/archive/v01-05business.html, 5 pages.Applicant
• Gruber, T. R., et al.,“NIKE: A National Infrastructure for Knowledge Exchange,” Oct. 1994, eit.com/papers/nike/nike.html and nike.ps, 10 pages.Applicant
• Gruber, T. R., “Ontologies, Web 2.0 and Beyond,” Apr. 24, 2007, Ontology Summit 2007, http://tomgruber.org/writing/ontolog-social-web-keynote.pdf, 17 pages.Applicant
• Gruber, T. R., “Ontology of Folksonomy: A Mash-up of Apples and Oranges,” Originally published to the web in 2005, Int'l Journal on Semantic Web & Information Systems, 3(2), 2007, 7 pages.Applicant
• Gruber, T. R., “Siri, a Virtual Personal Assistant—Bringing Intelligence to the Interface,” Jun. 16, 2009, Keynote presentation at Semantic Technologies conference, Jun. 2009. http://tomgruber.org/writing/semtech09.htm, 22 pages.Applicant
• Gruber, T. R., “TagOntology,” Presentation to Tag Camp, www.tagcamp.org, Oct. 29, 2005, 20 pages.Applicant
• Gruber, T. R., et al., “Toward a Knowledge Medium for Collaborative Product Development,” In Artificial Intelligence in Design 1992, from Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Design, Pittsburgh, USA, Jun. 22-25, 1992, 19 pages.Applicant
• Gruber, T. R., “Toward Principles for the Design of Ontologies Used for Knowledge Sharing,” In International Journal Human-Computer Studies 43, p. 907-928, substantial revision of paper presented at the International Workshop on Formal Ontology, Mar. 1993, Padova, Italy, available as Technical Report KSL 93-04, Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, further revised Aug. 23, 1993, 23 pages.Applicant
• Gruber, T. R., “Where the Social Web meets the Semantic Web,” Presentation at the 5th International Semantic Web Conference, Nov. 7, 2006, 38 pages.Applicant
• Guzzoni, D., et al., “Modeling Human-Agent Interaction with Active Ontologies,” 2007, AAAI Spring Symposium, Interaction Challenges for Intelligent Assistants, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 8 pages.Applicant
• Guzzoni, D., et al., “Active, A Tool for Building Intelligent User Interfaces,” ASC 2007, Palma de Mallorca, http://lsro.epfl.ch/page-34241.html, 6 pages.Applicant
• Guzzoni, D., et al., “Active, A Platform for Building Intelligent Operating Rooms,” Surgetica 2007 Computer-Aided Medical Interventions: tools and applications, pp. 191-198, Paris, 2007, Sauramps Médical, http://lsro.epfl.ch/page-68384-en.html, 8 pages.Applicant
• Hardawar, D., “Driving app Waze builds its own Siri for hands-free voice control,” Feb. 9, 2012, http://venturebeat.com/2012/02/09/driving-app-waze-builds-its-own-siri-for-hands-freevoice-control/, 4 pages.Applicant
• Intraspect Software, “The Intraspect Knowledge Management Solution: Technical Overview,” http://tomgruber.org/writing/intraspect-whitepaper-1998.pdf, 18 pages.Applicant
• Julia, L., et al., Un éditeur interactif de tableaux dessinés àmain levée (An Interactive Editor for Hand-Sketched Tables), Traitement du Signal 1995, vol. 12, No. 6, 8 pages. No English Translation Available.Applicant
• Karp, P. D., “A Generic Knowledge-Base Access Protocol,” May 12, 1994, http://lecture.cs.buu.ac.th/˜f50353/Document/gfp.pdf, 66 pages.Applicant
• Lemon, O., et al., “Multithreaded Context for Robust Conversational Interfaces: Context-Sensitive Speech Recognition and Interpretation of Corrective Fragments,” Sep. 2004, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, vol. 11, No. 3, 27 pages.Applicant
• Leong, L., et al., “CASIS: A Context-Aware Speech Interface System,” IUI'05, Jan. 9-12, 2005, Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces, San Diego, California, USA, 8 pages.Applicant
• Lieberman, H., et al., “Out of context: Computer systems that adapt to, and learn from, context,” 2000, IBM Systems Journal, vol. 39, Nos. 3/4, 2000, 16 pages.Applicant
• Lin, B., et al., “A Distributed Architecture for Cooperative Spoken Dialogue Agents with Coherent Dialogue State and History,” 1999, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.42.272, 4 pages.Applicant
• Martin, D., et al., “The Open Agent Architecture: A Framework for building distributed software systems,” Jan.-Mar. 1999, Applied Artificial Intelligence: An International Journal, vol. 13, No. 1-2, http://adam.cheyer.com/papers/oaa.pdf, 38 pages.Applicant
• McGuire, J., et al., “Shade: Technology for Knowledge-Based Collaborative Engineering,” 1993, Journal of Concurrent Engineering: Applications and Research (CERA), 18 pages.Applicant
• Meng, H., et al., “Wheels: A Conversational System in the Automobile Classified Domain,” Oct. 1996, httphttp://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.16.3022, 4 pages.Applicant
• Milward, D., et al., “D2.2: Dynamic Multimodal Interface Reconfiguration,” Talk and Look: Tools for Ambient Linguistic Knowledge, Aug. 8, 2006, ihmc.us/users/nblaylock/Pubs/Files/talk—d2.2.pdf, 69 pages.Applicant
• Mitra, P., et al., “A Graph-Oriented Model for Articulation of Ontology Interdependencies,” 2000, http://ilpubs.stanford.edu:8090/442/1/2000-20.pdf, 15 pages.Applicant
• Moran, D. B., et al., “Multimodal User Interfaces in the Open Agent Architecture,” Proc. of the 1997 International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI97), 8 pages.Applicant
• Mozer, M., “An Intelligent Environment Must be Adaptive,” Mar./Apr. 1999, IEEE Intelligent Systems, 3 pages.Applicant
• Mühlhäuser, M., “Context Aware Voice User Interfaces for Workflow Support,” Darmstadt 2007, http://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/876/1/PhD.pdf, 254 pages.Applicant
• Naone, E., “TR10: Intelligent Software Assistant,” Mar.-Apr. 2009, Technology Review, http://www.technologyreview.com/printer—friendly—article.aspx?id=22117, 2 pages.Applicant
• Neches, R., “Enabling Technology for Knowledge Sharing,” Fall 1991, AI Magazine, pp. 37-56, (21 pages).Applicant
• Nöth, E., et al., “Verbmobil: The Use of Prosody in the Linguistic Components of a Speech Understanding System,” IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 8, No. 5, Sep. 2000, 14 pages.Applicant
• Phoenix Solutions, Inc. v. West Interactive Corp., Document 40, Declaration of Christopher Schmandt Regarding the MIT Galaxy System dated Jul. 2, 2010, 162 pages.Applicant
• Rice, J., et al., “Monthly Program: Nov. 14, 1995,” The San Francisco Bay Area Chapter of ACM SIGCHI, baychi.org/calendar/19951114/, 2 pages.Applicant
• Rice, J., et al., “Using the Web Instead of a Window System,” Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, (http://tomgruber.org/writing/ksl-95-69.pdf, Sep. 1995.) CHI '96 Proceedings: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Apr. 13-18, 1996, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 14 pages.Applicant
• Rivlin, Z., et al., “Maestro: Conductor of Multimedia Analysis Technologies,” 1999 SRI International, Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery (CACM), 7 pages.Applicant
• Roddy, D., et al., “Communication and Collaboration in a Landscape of B2B eMarketplaces,” VerticalNet Solutions, white paper, Jun. 15, 2000, 23 pages.Applicant
• Seneff, S., et al., “A New Restaurant Guide Conversational System: Issues in Rapid Prototyping for Specialized Domains,” Oct. 1996, citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.16 . . . rep . . . , 4 pages.Applicant
• Sheth, A., et al., “Relationships at the Heart of Semantic Web: Modeling, Discovering, and Exploiting Complex Semantic Relationships,” Oct. 13, 2002, Enhancing the Power of the Internet: Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, SpringerVerlag, 38 pages.Applicant
• Simonite, T., “One Easy Way to Make Siri Smarter,” Oct. 18, 2011, Technology Review, technologyreview.com/printer—friendly—article.aspx?id=38915, 2 pages.Applicant
• Stent, A., et al., “The CommandTalk Spoken Dialogue System,” 1999, http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P99/P99-1024.pdf, 8 pages.Applicant
• Tofel, K., et al., “SpeakTolt: A personal assistant for older iPhones, iPads,” Feb. 9, 2012, http://gigaom.com/apple/speaktoit-siri-for-older-iphones-ipads/, 7 pages.Applicant
• Tucker, J., “Too lazy to grab your TV remote? Use Siri instead,” Nov. 30, 2011, engadget.com/2011/11/30/too-lazy-to-grab-your-tv-remote-use-siri-instead/, 8 pages.Applicant
• Tur, G., et al., “The-CALO-Meeting-Assistant System,” IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, vol. 18, No. 6, Aug. 2010, 11 pages.Applicant
• Tur, G., et al., “The CALO Meeting Speech Recognition and Understanding System,” 2008, Proc. IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop, 4 pages.Applicant
• Vlingo, “Vlingo Launches Voice Enablement Application on Apple App Store,” Vlingo press release dated Dec. 3, 2008, 2 pages.Applicant
• Vlingo InCar, “Distracted Driving Solution with Vlingo InCar,” 2:38 minute video uploaded to YouTube by Vlingo Voice on Oct. 6, 2010, youtube.com/watch?v=Vqs8XfXxgz4, 2 pages.Applicant
• YouTube, “Knowledge Navigator,” 5:34 minute video uploaded to YouTube by Knownav on Apr. 29, 2008, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRH8eimU—20, 1 page.Applicant
• YouTube,“Send Text, Listen to and Send E-Mail ‘By Voice’ www.voiceassist.com,” 2:11 minute video uploaded to YouTube by VoiceAssist on Jul. 30, 2009, youtube.com/watch?v=0tEU61nHHA4, 1 page.Applicant
• YouTube,“Text'nDrive App Demo—Listen and Reply to your Messages by Voice while Driving!,” 1:57 minute video uploaded to YouTube by TextnDrive on Apr. 27, 2010, youtube.com/watch?v=WaGfzoHsAMw, 1 page.Applicant
• YouTube, “Voice on the Go (BlackBerry),” 2:51 minute video uploaded to YouTube by VoiceOnTheGo on Jul. 27, 2009, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJqpWgQS98w, 1 page.Applicant
• Zue, V., “Conversational Interfaces: Advances and Challenges,” Sep. 1997, cs.cmu.edu/˜dod/papers/zue97.pdf, 10 pages.Applicant
• Zue, V. W., “Toward Systems that Understand Spoken Language,” Feb. 1994, ARPA Strategic Computing Institute, ©1994 IEEE, 9 pages.Applicant
• International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Nov. 29, 2011, received in International Application No. PCT/US2011/20861, which corresponds to U.S. Appl. No. 12/987,982, 15 pages (Thomas Robert Gruber).Applicant