Ultrasound device for treatment of a tumor in a region of intervertebral disc tissue

[0001] This application is a continuation and claims priority from copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/818,046 filed Jun. 12, 2007, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/230,949 filed Aug. 29, 2002, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/315,841. The entire contents of all three applications are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

[0002] The present invention relates generally to ultrasound applicator devices. More particularly, the present invention relates to the structure, design and use of a minimally invasive ultrasound applicator device for the thermal treatment of a tumor in a region of intervertebral disc tissue.

[0003] The concept of using heat to treat degenerated disc tissue is conventionally known. For example, the orthopedic company ORATEC Interventions, Inc. has developed and marketed a device for thermal spine treatment based on Intra-Discal Electro-Thermal (IDET) technology. IDET technology involves a minimally invasive catheter using RF induction of a hot-wire tip for thermal conduction.

[0004] While relatively straightforward in design and use, the ORATEC device is very limited in thermal capabilities and ultimately in treatment efficacy. The region of disc tissue that is heated with this device is quite small with a sharp temperature fall-off from the surface of the catheter tip (therapeutic temperature elevation in the tissue is estimated to be only 1-3 mm from the catheter). As a result, the treatment itself is likely limited in effectiveness for any given patient, simply because the volume of tissue that is heated is not large enough to produce a significant therapeutic effect (i.e., shrinkage of collagen fibers, destruction of invading nerves, and/or reduction of pressure on the spinal nerves).

[0005] Furthermore, the design and treatment approach of the IDET catheter is significantly limiting in the general treatment population—it is estimated that more than 50% of the potential treatment population is not even a candidate for this device therapy. This is due to the use of a flexible “navigable catheter” which must be circumnavigated around the disc border between the annulus and the nucleus, positioning the treatment tip back at the posterior region of the degenerated disc. This positioning is possible with a healthy or slightly degenerated disc because the fibers of the annulus help “steer” the catheter around the disc tissue. However, with greater disc degeneration, this positioning is not possible because of the tissue degradation; there is no structure for the catheter to steer around, providing the danger of slippage and puncturing the opposite wall. As a result, the majority of patients, especially those with advanced degeneration or herniation, cannot be treated with this approach.

[0006] It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a treatment device which provides a significant improvement both in the thermal capabilities and therapeutic effects for disc tissue.

[0007] It is another object of the invention to provide a treatment device which can be used on an increased percentage of the potential treatment population and disease states.

[0008] It is yet another object of the invention to provide an ultrasound device that can effectively heat an increased volume of tissue for greater therapeutic effect.

[0009] It is still another object of the invention to provide an ultrasound device and treatment approach that allows for treatment during more advanced stages of disc degeneration.

[0010] It is finally another object of the invention to provide a robust design for an ultrasound device during insertion while also providing for improved directional control.

[0011] Further advantages and features of the present invention will be apparent from the following specifications and claims illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0018] The present invention includes an applicator comprising a catheter and/or a needle with a distal tip for direct insertion into the tissue of the intervertebral disc. At the distal tip of the applicator is one or more ultrasound transducer crystals for producing high-powered ultrasound energy to be transmitted and absorbed in the disc tissue. In one embodiment of the invention, energy for the ultrasound transducer(s) is produced by an external RF power generator and delivered through electrical wires connected to the applicator. Small thermocouples can be placed on the ultrasound transducer/applicator and/or in the surrounding tissue to monitor the temperature. Means are also provided for active cooling of the ultrasound transducers by circulating flow of liquid or gas within the applicator.

[0019] The treatment process is initiated with the placement of the applicator device into the posterior region of the intervertebral disc tissue. The positioning of the applicator to the selected region of disc degeneration is guided via on-line diagnostic imaging, such as intra-operative fluoroscopic imaging. Power to the ultrasound device is then produced at a level to provide significant temperature elevation of the surrounding disc tissue. In one embodiment of the invention, the temperature elevation is greater than 60° C. for the targeted tissue. The temperature elevation is intended to shrink the collagen fibers in the surrounding tissue of the annulus fibrosus, and/or destroy small nerves that may have invaded and innervated the surrounding degenerated tissue, and/or provide greater structural integrity and disc support for the fragmented nucleus pulposus to relieve pressure on the spinal nerves.

[0020] Although these therapeutic effects are intended primarily for treatment of disc degeneration and herniation, this treatment approach with the ultrasound device may also be useful for other symptomatic spinal problems causing back pain, leg pain, etc. Additionally, the ultrasound device may be used to thermally shrink and/or seal the entrance hole and any subsequent unwanted tissue damage upon removal of the applicator from the disc tissue. In another embodiment of the device, the ultrasound transducers may also be used for diagnostic imaging to guide and monitor the treatment process.

[0021] The improvements described herein result primarily from the fundamental advantages of ultrasound propagation and heating of soft tissue. The effective energy delivery into the tissue allows for thermal treatment of larger tissue volumes in shorter times. Furthermore, the ultrasound device can be designed to provide selective control of the energy delivery to target and treat a specific region of tissue, dynamically controlling both the size and shape of the thermal treatment region. Extensive research and development activities have previously been completed on such ultrasound devices, and prototype applicators prepared for clinical application have demonstrated the feasibility of this approach.

[0022] FIG. 1 shows the ultrasound device positioned in the spinal body according to one embodiment of the invention. The ultrasound device, shown generally at 10, comprises a catheter or needle 12 with a plurality of ultrasound transducer crystals 14 at one end thereof. A guidewire 16 can be placed within the catheter or needle 12 for controlling the direction of the ultrasound device 10 inside the spinal body, shown generally at 18.

[0023] FIGS. 2-3 show different embodiments of the individual transducer crystals 14. FIG. 2 shows a plurality of segmented transducer crystals 14. Depending upon the particular system and procedure requirements, it is possible for each of the transducer crystals 14 to have individual power control. The embodiment shown in FIG. 3 discloses a curved array of transducer crystals 14. It is possible for the array of transducer crystals 14 to be permanently curved. Alternatively, the array could be flexible based upon the direction and shape of the guidewire 16.

[0024] FIGS. 4-6 show different potential cross-sectional shapes for the transducer crystals 14. FIG. 4 discloses a transducer crystal 14 with a cylindrically shaped cross-section. It is possible for the transducer crystal 14 to include or not include angular sectoring. FIG. 5 shows the transducer crystal as having a curvi-linear cross-section. This transducer crystal 14 could have a focused or defocused cross-section, depending on the direction of activation of ultrasound energy. The transducer crystal of FIG. 6 has a substantially planar cross-section. Transducer crystals 14 having cross-sections of other shapes are also possible without departing from the invention's broader aspects.

[0025] Additionally, the ultrasound device 10 could use a cooling method, either actively or passively, in order to remove thermal waste energy from the transducer crystal and improve the device's power and performance.

[0026] While the preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains that numerous modifications and changes may be made without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention. It is accordingly intended to define the scope of the invention precisely in the claims appended to and forming a part of this application.