US 9,038,397 B2Grant
Gas turbine engine thermal management system
Issue Date:2015-05-26
•27 Claims
•3 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A gas turbine engine according to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, among other possible things includes a fan. A geared architecture is configured for driving the fan. A turbine section is configured for driving the geared architecture. A thermal management system that includes a first fluid circuit and a second fluid circuit that manage heat generated in at least a portion of the gas turbine engine. A first heat exchanger is incorporated into each of the first fluid circuit and the second fluid circuit. A second heat exchanger is incorporated into the first fluid circuit. A valve controls an amount of a first fluid that is communicated to the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger. A controller is configured to control a positioning of the valve. The amount of the first fluid communicated to the first heat exchanger is based on a first characteristic of a second fluid and the amount of the first fluid communicated to the second heat exchanger is based on a second characteristic of the second fluid. A method and a system are also disclosed.
Metadata
Assignee
- United Technologies Corporation
Inventors
- Federico Papa
- Thomas G. Phillips
- Kathleen R. Phillips
- Ethan K. Stearns
- Justin W. Heiss
Application Information
Application Number:US 14/247,575
Filing Date:2014-04-08
Priority Date:2011-10-31
Art Unit:3741
Classifications
IPC:
F02C1/00F02C7/06F02K99/00F02C7/12F02C3/08F02C7/224F02C7/232F02C9/48G05B15/02G05D7/06
Patent Drawings (3 sheets)
Description
Cross-Reference to Related Application
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/799,406 filed Mar. 13, 2013, that is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/285,454, which was filed on Oct. 31, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,495,857, which was granted on Jul. 30, 2013.
Background
[0002] This disclosure relates generally to a gas turbine engine, and more particularly to a gas turbine engine thermal management system that manages the heat generated by a gas turbine engine.
[0003] Gas turbine engines, such as turbofan gas turbine engines, generally include a fan section, a compressor section, a combustor section and a turbine section. During operation, airflow is pressurized in the compressor section and is mixed with fuel and burned in the combustor section. The hot combustion gases that are generated in the combustor section are communicated through the turbine section. The turbine section extracts energy from the hot combustion gases to power the compressor section, the fan section and other gas turbine engine loads.
[0004] A thermal management system can be employed within the gas turbine engine to manage the heat generated by the gas turbine engine. Thermal management systems maintain operable temperatures for the engine fuel, oil and other fluids that are communicated throughout the engine. For example, a portion of the heat of the engine oil can be transferred into the engine fuel to increase the efficiency of the gas turbine engine.
Summary
[0005] A gas turbine engine according to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, among other possible things includes a fan. A geared architecture is configured for driving the fan. A turbine section is configured for driving the geared architecture. A thermal management system that includes a first fluid circuit and a second fluid circuit that manage heat generated in at least a portion of the gas turbine engine. A first heat exchanger is incorporated into each of the first fluid circuit and the second fluid circuit. A second heat exchanger is incorporated into the first fluid circuit. A valve controls an amount of a first fluid that is communicated to the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger. A controller is configured to control a positioning of the valve. The amount of the first fluid communicated to the first heat exchanger is based on a first characteristic of a second fluid and the amount of the first fluid communicated to the second heat exchanger is based on a second characteristic of the second fluid.
[0006] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing gas turbine engines, the first fluid circuit circulates oil.
[0007] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing gas turbine engines, the second fluid circuit circulates fuel.
[0008] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing gas turbine engines, includes a first sensor that senses the first characteristic and a second sensor that senses the second characteristic.
[0009] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing gas turbine engines, the first fluid circuit incorporates a third heat exchanger.
[0010] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing gas turbine engines, the first fluid circuit communicates a conditioned first fluid to at least one engine system and the second fluid circuit communicates a conditioned second fluid to at least a combustor section of the gas turbine engine.
[0011] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing gas turbine engines, the gas turbine engine is a high bypass geared aircraft engine having a bypass ratio greater than about ten (10).
[0012] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing gas turbine engines, the fan is configured to operate at a fan pressure ratio of less than about 1.45.
[0013] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing gas turbine engines, the geared architecture is configured to drive the fan at a fan tip speed of less than about 1150 fps.
[0014] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing gas turbine engines, the turbine section includes a fan drive turbine section configured for driving the geared architecture.
[0015] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing gas turbine engines, the fan drive turbine section is configured to operate a pressure ratio greater than about (5).
[0016] A method of designing a thermal management system for a gas turbine engine according to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, among other possible things includes configuring a heat exchanger, configuring a valve for controlling an amount of a first fluid that is communicated through said heat exchanger, configuring a first sensor that is operable for sensing a first characteristic of a second fluid that is communicated through the heat exchanger to exchange heat with the first fluid, and configuring a second sensor that is operable for sensing a second characteristic of the second fluid. A positioning of the valve is based on at least one of said first characteristic and said second characteristic.
[0017] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing methods, includes configuring a controller to receive a signal from each of said first sensor and said second sensor.
[0018] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing methods, includes configuring the controller to modulate said valve for communicating the amount of the first fluid to the heat exchanger in response to at least one of the signal from the first sensor and the signal from the second sensor.
[0019] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing methods, the first characteristic includes temperature information and the second characteristic includes pressure information.
[0020] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing methods, includes configuring the controller to modulate the valve for communicating the amount of the first fluid to the heat exchanger in response to receiving information indicative of at least one of an altitude, an ambient temperature, and an engine power condition.
[0021] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing methods, the first sensor is configured for sensing a temperature of the second fluid after the second fluid exits the heat exchanger.
[0022] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing methods, the second sensor is configured for sensing a flow rate of the second fluid through a pump.
[0023] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing methods, the first fluid is oil and the second fluid is fuel.
[0024] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing methods, includes configuring the heat exchanger to be part of a first fluid circuit that also includes a second heat exchanger and a third heat exchanger.
[0025] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing methods, includes configuring the heat exchanger to be incorporated into a second fluid circuit in addition to said first fluid circuit.
[0026] A thermal management system according to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, among other possible things includes a first fluid circuit and a second fluid circuit configured for managing heat generated in at least a portion of a gas turbine engine. A first heat exchanger is incorporated into each of the first fluid circuit and the second fluid circuit. A second heat exchanger is incorporated into the first fluid circuit. A valve to control an amount of a first fluid that communicates to the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger. A controller is configured to control a positioning of the valve. The amount of the first fluid communicated to the first heat exchanger is based on a first characteristic of a second fluid and the amount of the first fluid communicated to the second heat exchanger is based on a second characteristic of the second fluid.
[0027] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing thermal management systems, the first fluid circuit is configured for circulating oil.
[0028] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing thermal management systems, second fluid circuit is configured for circulating fuel.
[0029] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing thermal management systems, includes a first sensor configured for sensing the first characteristic and a second sensor configured for sensing the second characteristic.
[0030] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing thermal management systems, the first fluid circuit is configured to incorporate a third heat exchanger.
[0031] In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing thermal management systems, the first fluid circuit is configured to communicate a conditioned first fluid to at least one engine system and the second fluid circuit is configured to communicate a conditioned second fluid to at least a combustor section of the gas turbine engine.
[0032] The various features and advantages of this disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description. The drawings that accompany the detailed description can be briefly described as follows.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0033] FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a gas turbine engine.
[0034] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary thermal management system for a gas turbine engine.
Detailed Description
[0035] FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a gas turbine engine 20. The exemplary gas turbine engine 20 is a two-spool turbofan engine that generally incorporates a fan section 22, a compressor section 24, a combustor section 26 and a turbine section 28. Alternative engines might include an augmenter section (not shown) among other systems for features. The fan section 22 drives air along a bypass flow path B, while the compressor section 24 drives air along a core flow path C for compression and communication into the combustor section 26. The hot combustion gases generated in the combustor section 26 are expanded through the turbine section 28. Although depicted as a turbofan gas turbine engine in the disclosed non-limiting embodiment, it should be understood that the concepts described herein are not limited to turbofan engines and these teachings could extend to other types of engines, including but not limited to, three-spool engine architectures.
[0036] The gas turbine engine 20 generally includes a low speed spool 30 and a high speed spool 32 mounted for rotation about an engine centerline longitudinal axis A. The low speed spool 30 and the high speed spool 32 may be mounted relative to an engine static structure 33 via several bearing systems 31. It should be understood that other bearing systems 31 may alternatively or additionally be provided.
[0037] The low speed spool 30 generally includes an inner shaft 34 that interconnects a fan 36, a low pressure compressor 38 and a low pressure turbine 39. The inner shaft 34 can be connected to the fan 36 through a geared architecture 45 to drive the fan 36 at a lower speed than the low speed spool 30. The high speed spool 32 includes an outer shaft 35 that interconnects a high pressure compressor 37 and a high pressure turbine 40. In this embodiment, the inner shaft 34 and the outer shaft 35 are supported at various axial locations by bearing systems 31 positioned within the engine static structure 33.
[0038] A combustor 42 is arranged between the high pressure compressor 37 and the high pressure turbine 40. A mid-turbine frame 44 may be arranged generally between the high pressure turbine 40 and the low pressure turbine 39. The mid-turbine frame 44 can support one or more bearing systems 31 of the turbine section 28. The mid-turbine frame 44 may include one or more airfoils 46 that extend within the core flow path C.
[0039] The inner shaft 34 and the outer shaft 35 are concentric and rotate via the bearing systems 31 about the engine centerline longitudinal axis A, which is co-linear with their longitudinal axes. The core airflow is compressed by the low pressure compressor 38 and the high pressure compressor 37, is mixed with fuel and burned in the combustor 42, and is then expanded over the high pressure turbine 40 and the low pressure turbine 39. The high pressure turbine 40 and the low pressure turbine 39 rotationally drive the respective high speed spool 32 and the low speed spool 30 in response to the expansion.
[0040] The pressure ratio of the low pressure turbine 39 can be pressure measured prior to the inlet of the low pressure turbine 39 as related to the pressure at the outlet of the low pressure turbine 39 and prior to an exhaust nozzle of the gas turbine engine 20. In one non-limiting embodiment, the bypass ratio of the gas turbine engine 20 is greater than about ten (10:1), the fan diameter is significantly larger than that of the low pressure compressor 38, and the low pressure turbine 39 has a pressure ratio that is greater than about five (5:1). It should be understood, however, that the above parameters are only exemplary of one embodiment of a geared architecture engine and that the present disclosure is applicable to other gas turbine engines, including direct drive turbofans.
[0041] In this embodiment of the exemplary gas turbine engine 20, a significant amount of thrust is provided by the bypass flow path B due to the high bypass ratio. The fan section 22 of the gas turbine engine 20 is designed for a particular flight condition—typically cruise at about 0.8 Mach and about 35,000 feet. This flight condition, with the gas turbine engine 20 at its best fuel consumption, is also known as bucket cruise Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption (TSFC). TSFC is an industry standard parameter of fuel consumption per unit of thrust.
[0042] Fan Pressure Ratio is the pressure ratio across a blade of the fan section 22 without the use of a Fan Exit Guide Vane system. The low Fan Pressure Ratio according to one non-limiting embodiment of the example gas turbine engine 20 is less than 1.45. Low Corrected Fan Tip Speed is the actual fan tip speed divided by an industry standard temperature correction of [(Tram ° R)/(518.7° R)]0.5. The Low Corrected Fan Tip Speed according to one non-limiting embodiment of the example gas turbine engine 20 is less than about 1150 fps (351 m/s).
[0043] Each of the compressor section 24 and the turbine section 28 may include alternating rows of rotor assemblies and vane assemblies (shown schematically) that carry airfoils that extend into the core flow path C. For example, the rotor assemblies can carry a plurality of rotating blades 25, while each vane assembly can carry a plurality of vanes 27 that extend into the core flow path C. The blades 25 create or extract energy (in the form of pressure) from the core airflow that is communicated through the gas turbine engine 20 along the core flow path C. The vanes 27 direct the core airflow to the blades 25 to either add or extract energy.
[0044] Multiple sections of the gas turbine engine 20 generate heat during engine operation, including the fan section 22, the compressor section 24, the combustor section 26 and the turbine section 28. This heat may be carried by fluids that are communicated throughout these and other various sections of the gas turbine engine 20. For example, engine fuel and engine oil are circulated throughout the gas turbine engine 20 and carry a portion of the heat that is generated during engine operation. In this disclosure, the term “fluid” is intended to include fuel, oil, lubricating fluids, hydraulic fluids or any other fluids circulated through the gas turbine engine 20.
[0045] FIG. 2 illustrates a thermal management system 100 for a gas turbine engine, such as the gas turbine engine 20 illustrated by FIG. 1 . The thermal management system 100 can manage the heat generated by the gas turbine engine 20 during its operation. The thermal management system 100 can communicate conditioned fluids to various engine systems of the gas turbine engine 20 to minimize this heat generation and dissipate the heat. For example, the thermal management system 100 can simultaneously deliver conditioned fluids having different temperatures to both low temperature systems and high temperature systems of the gas turbine engine 20, as is further discussed below. In this disclosure, the term “conditioned fluid” is intended to include heated, cooled and/or pressurized fluids. Of course, this view is highly schematic and is not necessarily shown to the scale it would be in practice.
[0046] The thermal management system 100 is mounted to the gas turbine engine 20. The mounting location of the thermal management system 100 is application specific. Non-limiting example mounting locations for the thermal management system 100 include the engine static structure 33 (see FIG. 1 ), a core compartment, a fan compartment, a bypass fan passage and other locations.
[0047] The thermal management system 100 includes a first fluid circuit 60 and a second fluid circuit 62. For example, the first fluid circuit 60 can circulate a first fluid 81, such as engine oil, and the second fluid circuit 62 can circulate a second fluid 87, such as engine fuel. It should be understood that other fluids in addition to oil and fuel are contemplated as within the scope of this disclosure. In combination, the first fluid circuit 60 and the second fluid circuit 62 transfer heat between the fluids communicated through the separate circuits 60, 62 to manage the temperatures of these fluids, as is further discussed below.
[0048] The first fluid circuit 60 incorporates a fluid tank 64, a first heat exchanger 66, a second heat exchanger 68, a third heat exchanger 70 and a pump 72. The pump 72 pumps a first fluid (indicated by arrow 81), such as oil, from the fluid tank 64 along a passage 74 to an inlet 76 of the first heat exchanger 66. Optionally, the first fluid circuit 60 can include a filter 78 for filtering the first fluid 81 prior to communicating the first fluid 81 to the inlet 76. Additionally, the first fluid circuit 60 can include a trim passage 80 for returning a portion of the first fluid 81 to the fluid tank 64 in the event an excess amount of the first fluid 81 is pumped from the fluid tank 64.
[0049] The first fluid 81 is communicated through the first heat exchanger 66 and exchanges heat with a different, third fluid 82, such as air, to condition the first fluid 81. In this example, the first heat exchanger 66 is an air/oil cooler that exchanges heat between oil and air. However, other types of heat exchangers can also be utilized. Heat from the first fluid 81 is transferred into the third fluid 82 to provide a first conditioned fluid 83 that exits an outlet 84 of the first heat exchanger 66.
[0050] The first conditioned fluid 83 is communicated along a passage 86 to a valve 88. The valve 88 controls the amount of the first conditioned fluid 83 that is communicated to the second heat exchanger 68 and the third heat exchanger 70. In one embodiment, the second heat exchanger 68 either receives an entirety of the first conditioned fluid 83 that is received by the valve 88, or receives only a portion thereof, as is further detailed below. In other words, the first and second heat exchangers 66, 68 are in continuous operation during operation of the thermal management system 100, but the third heat exchanger 70 is only selectively operated as required.
[0051] A first portion 85 of the first conditioned fluid 83 is communicated to an inlet 92 of the second heat exchanger 68 along a passage 90. The first portion 85 of the first conditioned fluid 83 is communicated through the second heat exchanger 68 and exchanges heat with the second fluid 87, such as fuel, that is circulated through the second fluid circuit 62. The second heat exchanger 68 renders a second conditioned fluid 89 which is communicated through an outlet 94 of the second heat exchanger 68 and into a passage 96.
[0052] To the extent the third heat exchanger 70 receives a portion of the first conditioned fluid 83 (discussed in greater detail below), a second portion 91 of the first conditioned fluid 83 can be communicated along a passage 98 to an inlet 102 of the third heat exchanger 70. The second portion 91 of the first conditioned fluid 83 is communicated through the third heat exchanger 70 and exchanges heat with yet another fluid 104, such as air, to render a third conditioned fluid 93 that exits the third heat exchanger 70 at outlet 106. The third conditioned fluid 93 from the third heat exchanger 70 is communicated along a passage 108 and is eventually communicated into the passage 96 such that the second conditioned fluid 89 from the second heat exchanger 68 and the third conditioned fluid 93 from the third heat exchanger 70 are mixed together to render a mixed conditioned fluid 95.
[0053] A first portion 97 of the mixed conditioned fluid 95 is communicated to a first engine system 110 along a passage 112. A second portion 99 of the mixed conditioned fluid 95 is communicated along passage 114 and is mixed with a third portion 101 of the first conditioned fluid 83 (communicated from the first heat exchanger 66 along a bypass passage 116 that extends between the first heat exchanger 66 and a second engine system 118) and is communicated to a second engine system 118. In this way, conditioned fluids having varying temperatures can be delivered to separate engine systems. For example, a mixture of the second portion 99 of the mixed conditioned fluid 95 and the third portion 101 of the first conditioned fluid 83 can include a greater temperature than the first portion 97 of the mixed conditioned fluid 95.
[0054] The first engine system 110 could include a portion of the geared architecture 48 of the fan section 22, such as journal bearings or other parts of the geared architecture 48. The second engine system 118 could include an engine bearing compartment, an engine gearbox or a drive mechanism of the geared architecture 48. Although only two engine systems are illustrated, it should be understood that additional or fewer engine systems can receive conditioned fluids from the thermal management system 100.
[0055] The second fluid circuit 62 of the thermal management system 100 includes a fluid tank 120, the second heat exchanger 68 (which is also incorporated into the first fluid circuit 60) and a pump 122. The second fluid circuit 62 can also optionally include a secondary pump 136.
[0056] The fluid tank 120 stores the second fluid 87 that is different from the first fluid 81 for use by the gas turbine engine 20. In one example, the second fluid 87 is fuel. The pump 122 pumps the second fluid 87 from the fluid tank 120 along a passage 124 and through the second heat exchanger 68 along a passage 126 to extract heat from the first portion 85 of the first conditioned fluid 83 that is communicated through the second heat exchanger 68 in the first fluid circuit 60. A conditioned second fluid 105 is delivered along a passage 128 to a portion of the gas turbine engine, such as the combustor section 26 for generating the hot combustion gases that flow to the turbine section 28. A portion 107 of the conditioned second fluid 105 can be returned to the passage 124 via a bypass passage 130.
[0057] The second fluid circuit 62 can also incorporate a sensor 132 (i.e., a first sensor), such as a temperature sensor or other suitable sensor. The sensor 132 monitors the temperature of the conditioned second fluid 105. The sensor 132 communicates with an engine controller 134. The engine controller 134 is programmed with the necessary logic to interpret the information from the sensor 132, among other information, and modulate a positioning of the valve 88. The position of the valve 88 establishes what amount, if any, of the first conditioned fluid 83 will be communicated to the second and third heat exchangers 68, 70. In other words, the position of the valve 88 controls the amount of heat added to the second fluid 87 at different engine power conditions. Other valves, sensors and controls, examples of which are described below, could also be incorporated into the thermal management system 100.
[0058] In one example, the third heat exchanger 70 receives a portion of the first conditioned fluid 83 only if a temperature of the conditioned second fluid 105 of the second fluid circuit 62 is above a predefined threshold. In one example, the pre-defined threshold is approximately 300° F./148.9° C., although the actual setting will depend on design specific parameters. If the sensor 132 alerts the engine controller 134 (via a signal, for example) that this predefined threshold has been exceeded, the engine controller 134 modulates the valve 88 to split a flow of the first conditioned fluid 83 between the second heat exchanger 68 and the third heat exchanger 70. Of course, other parameters can also be monitored and interpreted by the engine controller 134 in addition to the temperature from sensor 132, and other predefined thresholds can be set for controlling the valve 88. The actual amount of the first conditioned fluid 83 that is communicated to each of the second and third heat exchangers 68, 70 will vary depending upon the parameters monitored by the engine controller 134.
[0059] In another example, the second fluid circuit 62 of the thermal management system 100 can incorporate an additional sensor 140 (i.e., a second sensor) that is configured to sense a different characteristic from the sensor 132. In one embodiment, the sensor 140 is a fluid flow sensor that senses the flow rate, which may be based on pressure differentials, of the conditioned second fluid 105 that passes through the pump 122. The sensor 140 monitors the flow rate of the conditioned second fluid 105 and can communicate flow rate information (i.e., pressure information) to the engine controller 134 for controlling a positioning of the valve 88. The engine controller 134 may be programmed with the necessary logic to interpret the information from the sensor 140 and modulate a positioning of the valve 88.
[0060] For example, in addition to or in lieu of the information from the sensor 132, a positioning of the valve 88 can be controlled based on the flow rate information sensed by the sensor 140 to control what amount, if any, of the first conditioned fluid 83 will be communicated to the second and/or third heat exchangers 68, 70. In another embodiment, the amount of the first conditioned fluid 83 communicated to the second heat exchanger 68 is based on the flow rate information sensed by the sensor 140 (i.e., a first characteristic of the conditioned second fluid 105) and the amount of the first conditioned fluid 83 communicated to the third heat exchanger 70 is based on the temperature information sensed by the sensor 132 (i.e., a second characteristic of the conditioned second fluid 105).
[0061] In one non-limiting embodiment, the thermal management system 100 can be controlled similar to the following schedule. In response to the sensor 140 sensing relatively low flow of the conditioned second fluid 105, such as during engine idle conditions, the engine controller 134 may close the valve 88 to prevent the flow of the first conditioned fluid 83 to the second and/or third heat exchangers 68, 70. Alternatively, when the sensor 140 senses median flow of the conditioned second fluid 105, such as during engine cruise conditions, the valve 88 may be modulated to an intermediate position (in response to a command from the engine controller 134) to communicate at least a portion of the first conditioned fluid 83 to the second and/or third heat exchangers 68, 70. Finally, in response to the sensor 140 sensing relatively high flow of the conditioned second fluid 105, such as during engine takeoff conditions, the valve 88 may be modulated to a fully open position to communicate an increased amount of the first conditioned fluid 83 through the first and/or second heat exchangers 68, 70.
[0062] The schedule for controlling the positioning of the valve 88 is not intended to be limited to one that is a function of fluid temperature and/or pressure. Rather, the schedule for controlling the positioning of the valve 88 may be a function of other characteristics, including but not limited to, altitude information, ambient temperature information, and engine power condition information.
[0063] Although the different non-limiting embodiments are illustrated as having specific components, the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to those particular combinations. It is possible to use some of the components or features from any of the non-limiting embodiments in combination with features or components from any of the other non-limiting embodiments.
[0064] It should be understood that like reference numerals identify corresponding or similar elements throughout the several drawings. It should also be understood that although a particular component arrangement is disclosed and illustrated in these exemplary embodiments, other arrangements could also benefit from the teachings of this disclosure.
[0065] The foregoing description shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in any limiting sense. A worker of ordinary skill in the art would understand that certain modifications could come within the scope of this disclosure. For these reasons, the following claims should be studied to determine the true scope and content of this disclosure.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A gas turbine engine, comprising:
a fan;
a geared architecture for driving the fan;
a turbine section for driving the geared architecture;
a thermal management system that includes a first fluid circuit and a second fluid circuit that manages heat generated in at least a portion of the gas turbine engine;
a first heat exchanger incorporated into each of said first fluid circuit and said second fluid circuit;
a second heat exchanger incorporated into said first fluid circuit;
a valve that controls a amount of a first fluid that is communicated to said first heat exchanger and said second amount of the first fluid to said heat exchanger, wherein said valve is disposed upstream of said first heat exchanger and said second heat exchanger;
a fluid passage within said first fluid circuit that bypasses a portion of the first fluid from both said first heat exchanger and said second heat exchanger to be mixed with a portion which has gone through at least one of said first heat exchanger and said second heat exchanger; and
a controller that controls positioning of said valve, wherein said first amount of said first fluid communicated to said first heat exchanger is based on a first characteristic of a second fluid and said second amount of said first fluid communicated to said second heat exchanger is based on a second characteristic of said second fluid.
2. The gas turbine engine as recited in claim 1, wherein said first fluid circuit circulates oil.
3. The gas turbine engine as recited in claim 2, wherein said second fluid circuit circulates fuel.
4. The gas turbine engine as recited in claim 3, comprising a first sensor that senses said first characteristic and a second sensor that senses said second characteristic.
5. The gas turbine engine as recited in claim 1, wherein said first fluid circuit incorporates a third heat exchanger.
6. The gas turbine engine as recited in claim 1, wherein said first fluid circuit communicates a conditioned first fluid to at least one engine system and said second fluid circuit communicates a conditioned second fluid to at least a combustor section of the gas turbine engine.
7. The gas turbine engine as recited in claim 4, wherein the gas turbine engine is a high bypass geared aircraft engine having a bypass ratio greater than about ten (10).
8. The gas turbine engine as recited in claim 7, wherein the fan is configured to operate at a fan pressure ratio of less than about 1.45.
9. The gas turbine engine as recited in claim 8, wherein the geared architecture is configured to drive the fan at a fan tip speed of less than about 1150 fps.
10. The gas turbine engine as recited in claim 8, wherein the turbine section includes a fan drive turbine section configured for driving the geared architecture.
11. The gas turbine engine as recited in claim 10, wherein the fan drive turbine section is configured to operate a pressure ratio greater than about (5).
12. A method of designing a thermal management system for a gas turbine engine, comprising:
configuring a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger;
configuring a valve for controlling a first amount of a first fluid that is communicated through said first heat exchanger and a second amount of the first fluid to said second heat exchanger, wherein said valve is disposed upstream of both the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger;
configuring a fluid passage that bypasses a portion of the first fluid from both said first heat exchanger and said second heat exchanger to be mixed with a portion which has gone through at least one of said first heat exchanger and said second heat exchanger;
configuring a first sensor that is operable for sensing a first characteristic of a second fluid that is communicated through said heat exchanger to exchange heat with said first fluid; and
configuring a second sensor that is operable for sensing a second characteristic of said second fluid, wherein a positioning of said valve is based on at least one of said first characteristic and said second characteristic.
13. The method as recited in claim 12, including configuring a controller to receive a signal from each of said first sensor and said second sensor.
14. The method as recited in claim 13, including configuring said controller to modulate said valve for communicating said amount of said first fluid to said heat exchanger in response to at least one of said signal from said first sensor and said signal from said second sensor.
15. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein said first characteristic includes temperature information and said second characteristic includes pressure information.
16. The method as recited in claim 14, including configuring said controller to modulate said valve for communicating said amount of said first fluid to said heat exchanger in response to receiving information indicative of at least one of an altitude, an ambient temperature, and an engine power condition.
17. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein said first sensor is configured for sensing a temperature of said second fluid after said second fluid exits said heat exchanger.
18. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein said second sensor is configured for sensing a flow rate of said second fluid through a pump.
19. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein said first fluid is oil and said second fluid is fuel.
20. The method as recited in claim 12, including configuring said heat exchanger to be part of a first fluid circuit that also includes a second heat exchanger and a third heat exchanger.
21. The method as recited in claim 20, including configuring said heat exchanger to be incorporated into a second fluid circuit in addition to said first fluid circuit.
22. A thermal management system comprising:
a first fluid circuit and a second fluid circuit configured for managing heat generated in at least a portion of a gas turbine engine;
a first heat exchanger incorporated into each of said first fluid circuit and said second fluid circuit;
a second heat exchanger incorporated into said first fluid circuit;
a valve to control an amount of a first fluid that is communicated to said first heat exchanger and said second amount of the first fluid to said second heat exchanger, Wherein said valve is disposed upstream of said first heat exchanger and said second heat exchanger;
a fluid passage within said first fluid circuit that bypasses a portion of the first fluid from both said first heat exchanger and said second heat exchanger to be mixed with a portion which has gone through at least one of said first heat exchanger and said second heat exchanger; and
a controller that controls a positioning of said valve, wherein said first amount of said first fluid communicated to said first heat exchanger is based on a first characteristic of a second fluid and said amount of said first fluid communicated to said second heat exchanger is based on a second characteristic of said second fluid.
23. The thermal management system as recited in claim 22, wherein said first fluid circuit defines a passage for circulating oil.
24. The thermal management system as recited in claim 22, wherein said second fluid circuit is defines a passage for circulating fuel.
25. The thermal management system as recited in claim 22, including a first sensor for sensing said first characteristic and a second sensor for sensing said second characteristic.
26. The thermal management system as recited in claim 22, wherein said first fluid circuit includes a third heat exchanger.
27. The thermal management system as recited in claim 22, wherein said first fluid circuit communicates a conditioned first fluid to at least one engine system and said second fluid circuit communicates a conditioned second fluid to at least a combustor section of the gas turbine engine.
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