US 8,934,235 B2Grant
Heat transfer device with phase change material
Issue Date:2015-01-13
•20 Claims
•6 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A heat transfer device is described. In one or more implementations, a heat transfer device includes a heat sink and a thermal storage enclosure disposed proximal to at least a portion of the heat sink. The thermal storage enclosure configured to be disposed proximal to a heat-generating component of a device. The thermal storage enclosure includes a phase change material configured to have a melting temperature that is below a temperature at which a cooling fan of the device is set to operate to cool the heat-generating device.
Metadata
Assignee
- Microsoft Corporation
Inventors
- Brandon A. Rubenstein
- Jeffrey Taylor Stellman
Application Information
Application Number:US 13/355,836
Filing Date:2012-01-23
Priority Date:2012-01-23
Art Unit:2835
Classifications
IPC:
G06F1/20H05K7/20G06F1/32
Patent Drawings (6 sheets)
Description
Background
[0001] Computing devices are available in an ever increasing variety of configurations. For example, computing devices were traditionally limited to relatively large form factors due to the size of components of the computing devices, such as traditional desktop computers. As component size has decreased, the configurations of the computing devices have expanded from traditional desktop computers to laptop computers, mobile phones (e.g., “smartphones”), tablet computers, gaming devices, and so on.
[0002] However, considerations such as heat transfer and noise may become increasingly problematic when confronted with these different configurations. A user of a handheld device, for instance, may be in closer proximity to the device as opposed to a desktop computer. The user, for example, may hold the device and therefore the user is in contact with the device as well as positioned closer to the device than a traditional desktop computer. Therefore, heat of the device, fan noise, and so on may have a greater effect on a user's experience with the device due to this proximity.
Summary
[0003] Techniques involving a heat transfer device having a phase change material are described. In one or more implementations, a heat transfer device includes a heat sink and a thermal storage enclosure disposed proximal to at least a portion of the heat sink. The thermal storage enclosure configured to be disposed proximal to a heat-generating component of a device. The thermal storage enclosure includes a phase change material configured to have a melting temperature that is below a temperature at which a cooling fan of the device is set to operate to cool the heat-generating device.
[0004] In one or more implementations, a device includes a housing that is moveable through a plurality of orientations involving at least two dimensions during usage, a heat-generating device disposed within the housing, and a heat transfer device disposed within the housing. The heat transfer device has a plurality of heat pipes configured to transfer heat using thermal conductivity and phase transition from the heat-generating device, the plurality of heat pipes arranged to provide generally uniform heat transfer from the heat-generating device during movement of the housing through the plurality of orientations.
[0005] This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0006] The detailed description is described with reference to the accompanying figures. In the figures, the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the figure in which the reference number first appears. The use of the same reference numbers in different instances in the description and the figures may indicate similar or identical items. Entities represented in the figures may be indicative of one or more entities and thus reference may be made interchangeably to single or plural forms of the entities in the discussion.
[0007] FIG. 1 is an illustration of an environment in an example implementation that is operable to employ a heat transfer device.
[0008] FIG. 2 depicts an example implementation showing a heat transfer device of FIG. 1 as supporting integrated heat storage.
[0009] FIG. 3 depicts an example implementation showing a heat transfer device of FIG. 1 as supporting generally uniform heat transfer through a variety of different orientations.
[0010] FIG. 4 is a flow diagram depicting a procedure in an example implementation in which a heat transfer device employs a phase change material to buffer heat transfer from a heat-generating device that assumes both high and low power states.
[0011] FIG. 5 illustrates an example system including various components of an example device that can be implemented as any type of computing device as described with reference to FIGS. 1-3 to implement embodiments of the techniques described herein.
Detailed Description
[0012] Overview
[0013] Limitations involved with conventional techniques for heat transfer utilized by computing devices and other devices could have an adverse effect on overall functionality of the device. This effect, for instance, may limit functionality that may be incorporated by the device (e.g., speed of a processing system), a user's experience with the device (e.g., noise caused by fans and even an overall temperature of the device when physically contacted by a user), form factors that may be employed by the device (e.g., size and shape of the device that permits sufficient cooling), and so forth.
[0014] Heat transfer techniques are described herein. In one or more implementations, a heat transfer device includes a phase change material that may be used to buffer against cycles of high power consumption by a heat-generating device, such as a processing system. For example, the processing system may include a processor, functional blocks, and so on that is configured to operate at different power states, such as a low power state to conserve battery life and a high power state to provide additional processing resources. Accordingly, the processing system may be configured to cycle between these states to provide corresponding functionality. However, the high power state may cause the processing system to generate a greater amount of heat than the low power state. If not addressed, this greater amount of heat could cause damage to the computing device. Consequently, conventional techniques often limited the availability of the high power state to protect against damage to the computing device.
[0015] In the techniques described herein, however, a heat transfer device may employ a phase change material that buffers against this additional heat. The phase change material, for instance, may be configured to melt at a temperature that is higher than that encountered during the low power state but lower than a temperature that is encountered during the high power state. Therefore, the melting of the phase change material may cause the temperature of the heat-generating device to remain relatively uniform for an extended period of time, which may be used to buffer against the additional heat generated during the high power state. In this way, the high power state may be made available for an extended period of time, may be utilized without increasing supplemental cooling such as fans that may interfere with a user's experience with the computing device, and so on. Further discussion of these techniques may be found in relation to FIG. 2 .
[0016] In one or more additional implementations, a heat transfer device is configured to provide generally uniform cooling in different orientations of a computing device. The heat transfer device, for instance, may include first and second heat pipes that are arranged in opposing directions away from a heat-generating device. Therefore, an effect of gravity on the first heat pipe may be compensated for by the second heat pipe and vice versa. Accordingly, the heat transfer device may support heat transfer during movement of a computing device through a variety of different orientations. Further, the heat pipes may be used to support a plurality of fans, which may be utilized to conserve space and improve energy efficiency of the computing device. Further discussion of these techniques may be found in relation to FIG. 3 .
[0017] In the following discussion, an example environment is first described that may employ the heat transfer techniques described herein. Example procedures are then described which may be performed in the example environment as well as other environments. Consequently, performance of the example procedures is not limited to the example environment and the example environment is not limited to performance of the example procedures.
[0018] Example Environment
[0019] FIG. 1 is an illustration of an environment 100 in an example implementation that is operable to employ techniques described herein. The illustrated environment 100 includes a computing device 102 having a processing system 104 and a computer-readable storage medium that is illustrated as a memory 106 although other configurations are also contemplated as further described below.
[0020] The computing device 102 may be configured in a variety of ways. For example, a computing device may be configured as a computer that is capable of communicating over a network, such as a desktop computer, a mobile station, an entertainment appliance, a set-top box communicatively coupled to a display device, a wireless phone, a game console, and so forth. Thus, the computing device 102 may range from full resource devices with substantial memory and processor resources (e.g., personal computers, game consoles) to a low-resource device with limited memory and/or processing resources (e.g., traditional set-top boxes, hand-held game consoles). Additionally, although a single computing device 102 is shown, the computing device 102 may be representative of a plurality of different devices, such as multiple servers utilized by a business to perform operations such as by a web service, a remote control and set-top box combination, an image capture device and a game console configured to capture gestures, and so on. Further discussion of different configurations that may be assumed by the computing device may be found in relation to FIG. 5 .
[0021] The computing device 102 is further illustrated as including an operating system 108. The operating system 108 is configured to abstract underlying functionality of the computing device 102 to applications 110 that are executable on the computing device 102. For example, the operating system 108 may abstract the processing system 104, memory 106, network, and/or display device 112 functionality of the computing device 102 such that the applications 110 may be written without knowing “how” this underlying functionality is implemented. The application 110, for instance, may provide data to the operating system 108 to be rendered and displayed by the display device 112 without understanding how this rendering will be performed. The operating system 108 may also represent a variety of other functionality, such as to manage a file system and user interface that is navigable by a user of the computing device 102.
[0022] The computing device 102 may support a variety of different interactions. For example, the computing device 102 may include one or more hardware devices that are manipulable by a user to interact with the device, such as a keyboard, cursor control device (e.g., mouse), and so on. The computing device 102 may also support gestures, which may be detected in a variety of ways. The computing device 102, for instance, may support touch gestures that are detected using touch functionality of the computing device 102. The sensors 114, for instance, may be configured to provide touchscreen functionality in conjunction with the display device 112, alone as part of a track pad, and so on. An example of this is illustrated in FIG. 1 in which first and second hands 116, 118 of a user are illustrated. The first hand 116 of the user is shown as holding a housing 120 of the computing device 102. The second hand 118 of the user is illustrated as providing one or more inputs that are detected using touchscreen functionality of the display device 112 to perform an operation, such as to make a swipe gesture to pan through representations of applications in the start menu of the operating system 108 as illustrated.
[0023] Thus, recognition of the inputs may be leveraged to interact with a user interface output by the computing device 102, such as to interact with a game, an application, browse the internet, change one or more settings of the computing device 102, and so forth. The sensors 114 may also be configured to support a natural user interface (NUI) that may recognize interactions that may not involve touch. For example, the sensors 114 may be configured to detect inputs without having a user touch a particular device, such as to recognize audio inputs through use of a microphone. For instance, the sensors 114 may include a microphone to support voice recognition to recognize particular utterances (e.g., a spoken command) as well as to recognize a particular user that provided the utterances.
[0024] In another example, the sensors 114 may be configured to detect movement of the computing device 102 in one or more dimensions, such as the x, y, and z dimensions as illustrated, through use of accelerometers, gyroscopes, inertial measurement units (IMUs), magnetometers, and so on. This movement may be recognized in whole in part as part of a definition of a gesture. For example, movement of the computing device 102 in the z axis may be used to zoom in a user interface displayed on the display device 112, rotation through the x axis may be used to steer a car in a video game, and so on. Thus, in this example the computing device 102 may be moved through a variety of different orientations to support interaction with the device.
[0025] In a further example, the sensors 114 that may be configured to recognize gestures, presented objects, images, and so on through implementations as one or more cameras. The cameras, for instance, may be configured to include multiple lenses so that different perspectives may be captured and thus determine depth. The different perspectives, for instance, may be used to determine a relative distance from the sensors 114 and thus a change in the relative distance. The different perspectives may be leveraged by the computing device 102 as depth perception. The images may also be leveraged by the computing device 102 to support a variety of other functionality, such as techniques to identify particular users (e.g., through facial recognition), objects, and so on. It should also be noted that the sensors 114 may also support detection of movement as described above in one or more of the x, y, or z axes through implementation as a camera.
[0026] The computing device 102 is further illustrated as including a power control module 122. The power control module 122 is representative of functionality to cause a device to enter different power consumption states. The processing system 104, for instance, may be configured to support a low power state in which processing resources are lessened and power consumption of the processing system 104 is also lessened. Thus, the processing system 104 may be configured to conserve resources (e.g., from a battery) while in this low power state.
[0027] The processing system 104 may also be configured to support a high power state in which additional processing resources are made available and is provided with a corresponding increase in power consumption. Thus, the processing system 104 may utilize the high power state when additional processing resources are desired but by doing so consume more battery resources than when operating in the low power state. Therefore, the processing system 104 may be configured to cycle between these states to provide desired functionality, e.g., to conserve power or increase processing resources.
[0028] Use of the processing system 104 in the high power state, however, may result in additional heat generation than in the low power state. Additionally, it may be observed by a product designer that the processing system 104 typically cycles to the high power state for a relatively short amount of time, e.g., twenty seconds or less. However, convention heat transfer techniques may be forced to perform actions that may interfere with the user's experience with the computing device 102, such as to increase a speed of one or more fans of the computing device 102 to cool the processing system 104. Techniques are described herein, however, in which a heat transfer device 124 may support integrated heat storage to buffer against such changes, further discussion of which may be found in relation to the following figure.
[0029] FIG. 2 depicts an example implementation 200 showing the heat transfer device 124 of FIG. 1 as supporting integrated heat storage. The heat transfer device 124 is illustrated as being disposed proximal to a heat-generating device 202, such as a processing system 104 as described in relation to FIG. 1 although other heat-generating devices are also contemplated such as other electrical devices of a computing device or other apparatus.
[0030] The heat transfer device 124 in this example includes a heat pipe 204. The heat pipe 204 is configured to transfer heat away from the heat-generating device 202 through use of thermal conductivity and phase transition. For example, the heat pipe 202 may be formed as an enclosed tube from a thermally conductive material, e.g., a metal such as copper, and thus may conduct heat away from the heat-generating device 202 using thermal conductivity.
[0031] The tube may include material disposed therein that is configured to undergo a phase transition, such as from a liquid to a gas in this example. An evaporator portion of the heat pipe, for instance, may be disposed proximal to a heat source from which heat is to be transferred, e.g., the heat-generating device 202. Liquid disposed at the evaporator portion may absorb heat until a phase transition occurs to form a gas. The gas may then travel through the tube using convection to be cooled at a condenser portion of the heat pipe 204, e.g., through use of one or more heat cooling fins as illustrated such as forced convection fins, by air movement caused through use of one or more fans, and so on. Cooling of the gas may cause the material to undergo another phase transition back to a liquid as the heat is released. The liquid may then move back toward the evaporator portion of the heat pipe 204 and this process may be repeated. Although a heat pipe 204 is described in this example a variety of different heat sinks are contemplated, such as a folded-fin heat sink, a heat sink with a vapor chamber, a heat sink with a solid metal base, and so forth.
[0032] The heat transfer device 124 is further illustrated as including a thermal storage enclosure 206. The thermal storage enclosure 206 in this example also includes a phase change material 208 disposed therein. The phase change material 208 is also configured to undergo a phase change to transfer heat away from the heat-generating device. The phase change may be the same as or different from the phase change described in relation to the heat sink 204, such as to involve a change from a liquid to a gas and back again as described for the heat pipe 204, from solid to a liquid and back again, and so forth. This may be used to support a variety of different functionality.
[0033] As previously described, for instance, the heat-generating device 202 may be configured to cycle between low and high power states. For example, the heat-generating device 202 may be configured as a processor of the processing system 104. The processing system 104 may be configured to consume fifteen watts of power in a low power state, at which the processing system 104 may operate at approximately forty degrees Celsius. The processing system 104 may also be configured to cycle to a high power state, such as to consume sixty watts, which may result in production of significantly greater amounts of heat and a corresponding increase in temperature. Accordingly, a product designer of the computing device 102 may configure the thermal storage enclosure 206 to buffer against this cycling to improve an overall user experience with the computing device 102 as well as improve operation of the computing device 102, itself, such as to reduce power consumption.
[0034] A product designer of the computing device 102, for instance, may observe that typical usage of the computing device 102 may involve relatively short amounts of time to cycle to the high power state, such as less than twenty seconds to process content of a webpage, open an application 110, and so on. Conventional techniques that were utilized to address heat generated from this higher power consumption, however, typically involved increasing a speed of a fan utilized to cool the device, which resulted in increased noise experienced by a user of the device. If such power consumption continued, techniques may also be employed in which the heat-generating device 202 is switched back to a low power state, thereby making the resources of the high power state unavailable for use by the computing device 102.
[0035] In the techniques described herein, however, the product designer may choose an amount and type of a phase change material to buffer against these cycles. Continuing with the previous example, the product designer may choose a phase change material that is configured to melt at a temperature above a temperature achieved by the heat-generating device 202 during a low power state, such as a paraffin wax that is configured to melt at approximately forty five degrees Celsius.
[0036] Further, an amount of the phase change material may be included within the thermal storage enclosure 206 such that an entirety of the phase change material does not undergo a phase transition during the observed cycle to the high power state. Again, continuing with the previous example the product designer may observe that the processing system 104 typically cycles to the high power state for less than twenty seconds. Accordingly, an amount of phase change material 208 may be chosen for inclusion in the thermal storage enclosure 206 that at least a portion of the material would not melt during this observed period of time by the processing system 104.
[0037] Therefore, the processing system 104 may continue to operate in a high power state without encountering a significant rise in temperature due to heat absorption performed by the phase change material 208 in undergoing the change from solid to liquid in this example. The phase change material 208 may then be cooled back to a solid state after the processing system 104 or other heat-generating device 202 returns to a low power state, e.g., through cooling of the thermal storage enclosure 206 itself, through use of the heat pipe 204, and so on. In this way, supplemental cooling techniques such as an increase in fan speed are not employed unless the high power state continues past the typically observed cycle times, thereby preserving a user experience with the computing device 102 by being “less noisy” as well as conserve power of a battery of the computing device 102 by not increasing a speed of a fan.
[0038] For example, the processing system 104 may operate at a low power state at a temperature that is below a temperature at which the phase change material 208 is configured to undergo a phase change, e.g., from a solid to a liquid. The processing system 104 may then cycle to a high power state, such as to load an application, render a webpage, and so on. The high power state may cause an increase in power consumption and a corresponding increase in heat production. Accordingly, the phase change material 208 may begin absorption of this heat by initiating a phase change of at least part of the material, e.g., part of the material may begin to melt.
[0039] During the phase change of at least a portion of the phase change material, the thermal storage enclosure 206 may maintain a temperature at which the phase change is configured to occur, e.g., approximately forty five degrees. Consequently, the processing system 104 may continue operating in the high power state at this temperature. Once the phase change material 208 has melted completely, the temperature of the processing system 104 may begin to rise above the temperature at which the phase change of the phase change material 208 occurs.
[0040] This rise in temperature may be lessened by other devices of the computing device 102, such as through use of the heat pipe 204 to transfer heat away from the thermal storage enclosure 206, e.g., to the condenser. In one or more implementations, the computing device 102 may employ a threshold temperature that is set above a temperature at which the phase change of the phase change material 208 occurs to trigger an increase in speed of a fan of the computing device, e.g., to turn a fan on, increase the fan speed of an already circulating fan, and so on. In this way, the phase change material 208 of the thermal storage enclosure 206 may buffer against active cooling techniques (e.g., use of the fan) thereby conserving resources of a battery of computing device 102, improving a user's experience with the computing device 102 by lessening noise caused by operation of the fan, and so on. Further discussion of usage of the thermal storage enclosure 206 as part of the heat transfer device 124 may be found in relation to FIG. 4 .
[0041] As previously described, the computing device 102 may be configured in a variety of ways. In some instances, those configurations may involve movement through and usage of the computing device 102 in a plurality of orientations in three dimensional space. Accordingly, the heat transfer device 124 may be configured to support heat transfer in these different orientations. One example of this is illustrated in FIG. 2 through inclusion of a plurality of fins within the thermal storage enclosure 206. These fins may be used to promote contact between the thermal storage enclosure 206 and the phase change material 208 disposed therein. Further, use of the fins may also promote contact to be retained between the thermal storage enclosure 206 and the phase change material 208 when the heat transfer device 124 is moved and/or used in a variety of different orientations, e.g., rotated, “flipped over,” rested on a surface, “held upright,” and so on. The heat transfer device 124 may also be configured in a variety of other ways to support operation in different orientations, another example of which may be found in relation to the following figure.
[0042] FIG. 3 depicts an example implementation 300 in which the heat transfer device of FIG. 1 is configured to provide generally uniform cooling when placed in a variety of different orientations. In this example, the heat transfer device 124 includes a plurality of heat pipes, shown as first and second heat pipes 302, 304. The first and second heat pipes 302, 304 are configured to conduct heat away from a heat-generating device 202 as before. For example, the first and second heat pipes 302, 304 may be configured to leverage thermal conductivity and phase transition. Thus, the first and second heat pipes 302, 304 may include evaporator portions disposed proximal to the heat-generating device 202, e.g., thermally coupled through a spread plate, and evaporator portions disposed away from the heat-generating device 202. The evaporator portions of the first and second heat pipes 302, 304 are illustrated as including fins in the example implementation 300, e.g., forced convection fins, and being cooled by first and second fans, 306, 308, respectively.
[0043] The heat transfer device 124 is illustrated as including heat pipes arranged to provide generally uniform heat transfer from the heat-generating device 202 through a plurality of different orientations in one or more of the x, y, or z axis. For example, heat pipes are partially driven by gravity force. Therefore, orientation of a heat pipe relative to gravity may have an effect on the heat pipe's thermal load carrying capability.
[0044] Accordingly, the first and second heat pipes 302, 304 in the illustrated example are illustrated as being arranged in generally opposing directions from the heat-generating device 202. Arrangement of the first and second heat pipes 302, 304 in the opposing directions may be utilized to support a variety of features. For example, during movement of the heat transfer device 124 through different orientations, one of the heat pipes may have a higher performance due to gravity than the opposing heat pipe. Therefore, this higher performance may help to reduce and even cancel lower performance experienced by the heat pipe that does not have this advantage. In this way, the heat transfer device 124 may provide generally uniform heat transfer from the heat-generating device 202 in a variety of different orientations. Although two heat pipes are described in this example, the heat transfer device 124 may employ different numbers of heat pipes arranged in different orientations without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, such as to employ an arrangement that coincides with contemplated orientations in which the computing device 102 is to be used.
[0045] In the illustrated example, the heat transfer device 124 is further illustrated as being cooled by a plurality of fans, examples of which are illustrated as first and second fans 306, 308 to cool the first and second heat pipes 302, 304, respectively. Use of more than one fan by the computing device 102 may support a variety of different features. For example, use of the first and second fans 306, 308 may occupy a smaller amount of system “footprint” within the housing 120 than that consumed by a single fan of equal cooling performance. For instance, the first and second fans 306, 308 may consume less space in the housing 120 along the y axis in the illustrated example. Further, two or more fans are able to operate with greater efficiency than a single fan that offers similar cooling performance. For example, power consumption by a fan increases as a third power of fan speed. Therefore, a single fan that operates at twice the speed of two fans consumes twice as much power as the two fans. Thus, the heat transfer device 124 may be configured in a variety of ways to provide a variety of different functionality as previously described.
[0046] Example Procedures
[0047] The following discussion describes heat transfer techniques that may be implemented utilizing the previously described systems and devices. Aspects of each of the procedures may be implemented in hardware, firmware, or software, or a combination thereof. The procedures are shown as a set of blocks that specify operations performed by one or more devices and are not necessarily limited to the orders shown for performing the operations by the respective blocks. In portions of the following discussion, reference will be made to the environment 100 of FIG. 1 and the example implementations 200, 300 of FIGS. 2 and 3 , respectively.
[0048] FIG. 4 depicts a procedure 400 in an example implementation in which a heat transfer device employs a phase change material to buffer heat transfer from a heat-generating device that assumes both high and low power states. A heat-generating component is operated at a low power state to perform one or more operations, the low power state causing the temperature to remain below a defined temperature (block 402). The processing system 104, for instance, may operate in a low power state that consumes fifteen watts that causes the processing system 104 to remain at forty degrees Celsius.
[0049] The heat-generating component is then operated at a high power state to perform one or more additional operations, the high power state causing generation of heat sufficient to initiate melting of a phase change material of a thermal storage enclosure of a heat transfer device such that a temperature of the heat-generating component remains below the defined threshold (block 404). The processing system 104 may switch from the low power state above to a high power state, such as to consume sixty watts, to make additional processing resources available. This may be performed for a variety of purposes, such as to open an application, render web content, and so on. This may cause a temperature of the processing system 104 to rise to a temperature that causes the phase change material 208 of the thermal storage enclosure 206 to begin melting. This causes the temperature of the processing system 104 to remain at the melting point of the phase change material 208 during the phase change, i.e., as long as there is phase change material available to undergo the change from solid to liquid.
[0050] Responsive to the operating of the heat-generating component at the high power state over an amount of time sufficient to melt the phase change material of the thermal storage enclosure of the heat transfer device, heat is transferred from the thermal storage enclosure to a heat pipe of the heat transfer device and increasing speed of a fan configured to cool the heat pipe (block 406). The processing system 104, for instance, may continue to operate until the phase change material 208 is melted. After which, this may then cause a rise in the temperature of the processing system 104 above the melting point of the phase change material. Accordingly, the heat transfer device may employ techniques to reduce this rise in temperature, such as through use of the heat pipe 204, one or more fans, and so forth.
[0051] Responsive to the operating of the heat-generating component at the high power state for an amount of time sufficient to cause a temperature of the heat-generating component to rise above the defined temperature, the heat-generating component is caused to switch from the high power state to the low power state (block 408). The power control module 122, for instance, may employ a threshold to limit a temperature at which the processing system 104 is permitted to reach, such as to limit damage that may occur to the processing system 104 or other components of the computing device 102. Therefore, once this temperature is reached the power control module 122 may switch the processing system 104 from the high power state back to the low power state to reduce heat generation by the device.
[0052] Responsive to a switch made by the heat-generating component from operating at the high power state back to the low power state, the melted phase change material of the thermal storage enclosure is solidified through cooling of the thermal storage enclosure (block 410). Continuing with the previous example, because the processing system 104 is now operating at a low power state, the processing system 104 may return to a temperature of approximately forty degrees Celsius. Therefore, the phase change material 208 may be cooled and return to a solid form. A variety of other examples are also contemplated, such as an example in which the high power state is cycled for a time that does not cause an entirety of the phase change material 208 to melt, thereby avoiding use of supplemental cooling techniques, such as a fan or other active techniques as previously described.
[0053] Example System and Device
[0054] FIG. 5 illustrates an example system generally at 500 that includes an example computing device 502 that is representative of one or more computing systems and/or devices that may implement the various techniques described herein. The computing device 502 may be, for example, a server of a service provider, a device associated with a client (e.g., a client device), an on-chip system, and/or any other suitable computing device or computing system.
[0055] The example computing device 502 as illustrated includes a processing system 504, one or more computer-readable media 506, and one or more I/O interface 508 that are communicatively coupled, one to another. Although not shown, the computing device 502 may further include a system bus or other data and command transfer system that couples the various components, one to another. A system bus can include any one or combination of different bus structures, such as a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, a universal serial bus, and/or a processor or local bus that utilizes any of a variety of bus architectures. A variety of other examples are also contemplated, such as control and data lines.
[0056] The processing system 504 is representative of functionality to perform one or more operations using hardware. Accordingly, the processing system 504 is illustrated as including hardware element 510 that may be configured as processors, functional blocks, and so forth. This may include implementation in hardware as an application specific integrated circuit or other logic device formed using one or more semiconductors. The hardware elements 510 are not limited by the materials from which they are formed or the processing mechanisms employed therein. For example, processors may be comprised of semiconductor(s) and/or transistors (e.g., electronic integrated circuits (ICs)). In such a context, processor-executable instructions may be electronically-executable instructions.
[0057] The computer-readable storage media 506 is illustrated as including memory/storage 512. The memory/storage 512 represents memory/storage capacity associated with one or more computer-readable media. The memory/storage component 512 may include volatile media (such as random access memory (RAM)) and/or nonvolatile media (such as read only memory (ROM), Flash memory, optical disks, magnetic disks, and so forth). The memory/storage component 512 may include fixed media (e.g., RAM, ROM, a fixed hard drive, and so on) as well as removable media (e.g., Flash memory, a removable hard drive, an optical disc, and so forth). The computer-readable media 506 may be configured in a variety of other ways as further described below.
[0058] Input/output interface(s) 508 are representative of functionality to allow a user to enter commands and information to computing device 502, and also allow information to be presented to the user and/or other components or devices using various input/output devices. Examples of input devices include a keyboard, a cursor control device (e.g., a mouse), a microphone, a scanner, touch functionality (e.g., capacitive or other sensors that are configured to detect physical touch), a camera (e.g., which may employ visible or non-visible wavelengths such as infrared frequencies to recognize movement as gestures that do not involve touch), and so forth. Examples of output devices include a display device (e.g., a monitor or projector), speakers, a printer, a network card, tactile-response device, and so forth. Thus, the computing device 502 may be configured in a variety of ways as further described below to support user interaction.
[0059] Various techniques may be described herein in the general context of software, hardware elements, or program modules. Generally, such modules include routines, programs, objects, elements, components, data structures, and so forth that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The terms “module,” “functionality,” and “component” as used herein generally represent software, firmware, hardware, or a combination thereof. The features of the techniques described herein are platform-independent, meaning that the techniques may be implemented on a variety of commercial computing platforms having a variety of processors.
[0060] An implementation of the described modules and techniques may be stored on or transmitted across some form of computer-readable media. The computer-readable media may include a variety of media that may be accessed by the computing device 502. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable media may include “computer-readable storage media” and “computer-readable signal media.”
[0061] “Computer-readable storage media” may refer to media and/or devices that enable persistent and/or non-transitory storage of information in contrast to mere signal transmission, carrier waves, or signals per se. Thus, computer-readable storage media refers to non-signal bearing media. The computer-readable storage media includes hardware such as volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media and/or storage devices implemented in a method or technology suitable for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, logic elements/circuits, or other data. Examples of computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical storage, hard disks, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or other storage device, tangible media, or article of manufacture suitable to store the desired information and which may be accessed by a computer.
[0062] “Computer-readable signal media” may refer to a signal-bearing medium that is configured to transmit instructions to the hardware of the computing device 502, such as via a network. Signal media typically may embody computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal, such as carrier waves, data signals, or other transport mechanism. Signal media also include any information delivery media. The term “modulated data signal” means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media include wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared, and other wireless media.
[0063] As previously described, hardware elements 510 and computer-readable media 506 are representative of modules, programmable device logic and/or fixed device logic implemented in a hardware form that may be employed in some embodiments to implement at least some aspects of the techniques described herein, such as to perform one or more instructions. Hardware may include components of an integrated circuit or on-chip system, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), and other implementations in silicon or other hardware. In this context, hardware may operate as a processing device that performs program tasks defined by instructions and/or logic embodied by the hardware as well as a hardware utilized to store instructions for execution, e.g., the computer-readable storage media described previously.
[0064] Combinations of the foregoing may also be employed to implement various techniques described herein. Accordingly, software, hardware, or executable modules may be implemented as one or more instructions and/or logic embodied on some form of computer-readable storage media and/or by one or more hardware elements 510. The computing device 502 may be configured to implement particular instructions and/or functions corresponding to the software and/or hardware modules. Accordingly, implementation of a module that is executable by the computing device 502 as software may be achieved at least partially in hardware, e.g., through use of computer-readable storage media and/or hardware elements 510 of the processing system 504. The instructions and/or functions may be executable/operable by one or more articles of manufacture (for example, one or more computing devices 502 and/or processing systems 504) to implement techniques, modules, and examples described herein.
[0065] As further illustrated in FIG. 5 , the example system 500 enables ubiquitous environments for a seamless user experience when running applications on a personal computer (PC), a television device, and/or a mobile device. Services and applications run substantially similar in all three environments for a common user experience when transitioning from one device to the next while utilizing an application, playing a video game, watching a video, and so on.
[0066] In the example system 500, multiple devices are interconnected through a central computing device. The central computing device may be local to the multiple devices or may be located remotely from the multiple devices. In one embodiment, the central computing device may be a cloud of one or more server computers that are connected to the multiple devices through a network, the Internet, or other data communication link.
[0067] In one embodiment, this interconnection architecture enables functionality to be delivered across multiple devices to provide a common and seamless experience to a user of the multiple devices. Each of the multiple devices may have different physical requirements and capabilities, and the central computing device uses a platform to enable the delivery of an experience to the device that is both tailored to the device and yet common to all devices. In one embodiment, a class of target devices is created and experiences are tailored to the generic class of devices. A class of devices may be defined by physical features, types of usage, or other common characteristics of the devices.
[0068] In various implementations, the computing device 502 may assume a variety of different configurations, such as for computer 514, mobile 516, and television 518 uses. Each of these configurations includes devices that may have generally different constructs and capabilities, and thus the computing device 502 may be configured according to one or more of the different device classes. For instance, the computing device 502 may be implemented as the computer 514 class of a device that includes a personal computer, desktop computer, a multi-screen computer, laptop computer, netbook, and so on.
[0069] The computing device 502 may also be implemented as the mobile 516 class of device that includes mobile devices, such as a mobile phone, portable music player, portable gaming device, a tablet computer, a multi-screen computer, and so on. The computing device 502 may also be implemented as the television 518 class of device that includes devices having or connected to generally larger screens in casual viewing environments. These devices include televisions, set-top boxes, gaming consoles, and so on.
[0070] The techniques described herein may be supported by these various configurations of the computing device 502 and are not limited to the specific examples of the techniques described herein.
[0071] Functionality may also be implemented all or in part through use of a distributed system, such as over a “cloud” 520 via a platform 522 as described below. The cloud 520 includes and/or is representative of a platform 522 for resources 524. The platform 522 abstracts underlying functionality of hardware (e.g., servers) and software resources of the cloud 520. The resources 524 may include applications and/or data that can be utilized while computer processing is executed on servers that are remote from the computing device 502. Resources 524 can also include services provided over the Internet and/or through a subscriber network, such as a cellular or Wi-Fi network.
[0072] The platform 522 may abstract resources and functions to connect the computing device 502 with other computing devices. The platform 522 may also serve to abstract scaling of resources to provide a corresponding level of scale to encountered demand for the resources 524 that are implemented via the platform 522. Accordingly, in an interconnected device embodiment, implementation of functionality described herein may be distributed throughout the system 500. For example, the functionality may be implemented in part on the computing device 502 as well as via the platform 522 that abstracts the functionality of the cloud 520.
Conclusion
[0073] Although the invention has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the invention defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described. Rather, the specific features and acts are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claimed invention.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A heat transfer device comprising:
a heat sink comprising at least two heat pipes configured to conduct heat away from the heat-generating component in various orientations as an effect of gravity is compensated for by at least one of the heat pipes; and
a thermal storage enclosure disposed proximal to at least a portion of the heat sink and includes a phase change material configured to have a melting temperature that is above a low power operating temperature of the heat generating component and below a pre-defined temperature at which a cooling fan is set to operate to cool the heat-generating component.
2. A heat transfer device as described in claim 1, wherein the at least two heat pipes of the heat sink are configured to transfer the heat using thermal conductivity and phase transition.
3. A heat transfer device as described in claim 2, wherein the thermal storage enclosure is disposed proximal to a portion of the at least two heat pipes that are configured to perform evaporation.
4. A heat transfer device as described in claim 1, wherein the heat sink is configured as a folded-fin heat sink.
5. A heat transfer device as described in claim 1, wherein the thermal storage enclosure includes an amount of the phase change material that is sufficient to resist a rise in an operating temperature of the heat generating component above the melting temperature of the phase change material for a particular amount of time.
6. A heat transfer device as described in claim 5, wherein the amount of the phase change material includes a sufficient amount of the phase change material so that the particular amount of time at which the phase change material resists a rise in the operating temperature is greater than an amount of time during which the heat-generating component is observed to cycle from a low power state to a high power state that prevents a temperature of the heat-generating component to rise above the melting temperature of the phase change material.
7. A heat transfer device as described in claim 6, wherein the sufficient amount of the phase change material is sufficient such that an entirety of the phase change material does not melt during the particular amount of time during which the heat-generating component operates at the high power state.
8. A heat transfer device as described in claim 6, wherein the phase change material is configured not to melt during operation of the heat-generating component at the low power state.
9. A heat transfer device as described in claim 1, wherein the thermal storage enclosure includes a plurality of fins disposed within the thermal storage enclosure, the plurality of fins contacting the phase change material.
10. A heat transfer device as described in claim 9, wherein the plurality of fins disposed within the thermal storage enclosure is configured to contact the phase change material during repositioning of the heat transfer device in the various orientations.
11. A heat transfer device as described in claim 1, wherein the phase change material is paraffin wax.
12. A heat transfer device as described in claim 1, wherein the heat-generating component is a processing system of the computing device.
13. A device comprising:
a housing;
a processing system disposed within the housing and configured to operate at a low power state and a high power state; and
a heat transfer device disposed within the housing proximal to the processing system to conduct heat away from the processing system, the heat transfer device including:
a heat sink comprising at least two heat pipes configured to conduct heat away from the processing system in various orientations as an effect of gravity is compensated for by at least one of the heat pipes;
a thermal storage enclosure that includes a phase change material configured to have a melting temperature that is above a low power operating temperature at which the processing system operates when in the low power state and below a high power operating temperature at which the processing system operates when in the high power state; and
a cooling fan set to operate above the melting temperature of the phase change material to cool.
14. A device as described in claim 13, wherein the phase change material is configured to remain in a solid state during operation of the processing system at the low power state and is configured to at least partially melt during operation of the processing system in the high power state.
15. A device as described in claim 13, wherein the at least two heat pipes of the heat sink are configured to transfer the heat from the thermal storage enclosure using thermal conductivity and phase transition.
16. A device as described in claim 15, wherein the at least two heat pipes include a different phase change material having an evaporating temperature at which a phase change occurs different than the melting temperature of the phase change material of the thermal storage enclosure.
17. A device as described in claim 15, wherein the thermal storage enclosure includes an amount of the phase change material that is sufficient to resist a rise in an operating temperature of the processing system above the melting temperature of the phase change material for a particular amount of time that corresponds to an observed cycle time between the low and high power states of the processing system.
18. A computing device comprising:
a heat transfer device having a thermal storage enclosure that contains a phase change material and a heat sink comprising at least two heat pipes configured to uniformly conduct heat away from the heat-generating component in various orientations as an effect of gravity is compensated for by at least one of the heat pipes;
the heat-generating component operable:
at a low power state causing an operating temperature to remain below a melting temperature of the phase change material; and
a high power state causing generation of heat sufficient to initiate melting of the phase change material at the melting temperature such that the operating temperature of the heat-generating component remains below a pre-defined temperature threshold; and
one or more modules implemented at least partially in hardware and configured to increase a speed of a fan responsive to the operating temperature increasing to the pre-defined temperature threshold after the melting of the phase change material.
19. A computing device as described in claim 18, wherein the one or more modules are further configured to cause the heat-generating component to switch from the high power state to the low power state responsive to the heat-generating component operating at the high power state for an additional amount of time sufficient to cause the operating temperature of the heat-generating component to rise above the pre-defined temperature threshold.
20. A computing device as described in claim 18, wherein the heat transfer device is further configured to solidify the melted phase change material of the thermal storage enclosure through cooling of the thermal storage enclosure responsive to a switch made by the heat-generating component from operating at the high power state back to the low power state.
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