US 8,623,087 B2Grant
Intersomatic cage with unified grafts
Issue Date:2014-01-07
•19 Claims
•4 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
An intervertebral cage includes a thin main wall having two return parts at opposite ends of the wall. The wall has an approximately constant thickness. The return parts are extended by facing end parts having a gap between them. The wall, the return parts and end parts delimit an inner cavity. The gap extends parallel to the wall and has a length between 50% and 100% of the cavity length. The gap length is preferably between 70% to 90% of the cavity length.
Metadata
Assignee
- LDR Medical
Inventor
- Jean Huppert
Application Information
Application Number:US 11/767,386
Filing Date:2007-06-22
Priority Date:2000-05-18
Art Unit:3738
Classifications
IPC:
A61F2/44
Patent Drawings (4 sheets)
Description
Related Applications
[0001] The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/276,712, filed Mar. 26, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,291,170 B2 issued Nov. 6, 2007, which is a 35 U.S.C. §371 application of PCT/FR01/01545 filed May 18, 2001, which claims pr to FR 00/06351 filed May 18, 2000. All of the foregoing are hereby incorporated by reference.
Field of Invention
[0002] The present invention relates to an intervertebral cage designed to be placed between two vertebrae to restore and/or maintain the intervertebral space, to replace the intervertebral disk. After the cage or implant has been placed, the intervertebral space is filled with autologous spongy bone or adapted bone substitutes. This invention also relates to instrumentation for placement of the intervertebral cage. Finally, it also relates to a pair of intervertebral cages of this type.
Background Art
[0003] Prior art has already described intervertebral cages, for example Stryker cages. These cages are parallelepiped-shaped, the bottom and the top of the cage being completely open, the side and top openings will be placed facing the two vertebrae that are to be kept at a distance from each other. Spongy bone is then compacted inside the cage to finally cause fusion of the bone (or arthrodesis) of the two vertebrae separated by a suitable disk space.
[0004] For posterior placement, there are usually two cages adjacent to each other at a distance from each other in the intervertebral space, and the graft is firstly compacted inside the two cages and secondly the space between the two cages is filled in by spongy bone or bone substitute.
[0005] It is found that the growths of the three independent grafts (two inside the cages and one between the cages) vary with respect to each other. In particular, the graft placed between the cages contributes more quickly to the fusion than the compacted grafts inside the cages. Obviously, this is a disadvantage, particularly with regard to the stability of the grafts and the two vertebrae held in place by these grafts, and concerning the time necessary to obtain good stability.
[0006] Document WO/98/55052 also discloses intervertebral cages.
[0007] In the first case, they are composed of a main very thick curved part particularly with a thickness that increases from the middle towards the ends. Therefore, these cages are complicated to make due to their curved shape.
[0008] In the second case, they are composed of a straight main part and return parts each being prolonged by an end part that together form a small interval less than 25% of the longitudinal extension of the internal housing of the cage.
Summary of the Invention
[0009] The present invention overcomes the disadvantages mentioned above by proposing an intervertebral cage that enables good growth of the graft or grafts placed between the vertebrae and is each to make, particularly due to the fact that it has straight longitudinal walls, and has good resistance to compression forces applied by the vertebral plates, particularly in the case of posterior implantation in which two intervertebral cages are placed side by side at a distance from each other.
[0010] According to the invention, the intervertebral cage is composed of a thin main wall prolongd by two return parts, the thin main wall having an approximately constant thickness and each return part being extended by an end part, the end parts facing each other with a gap between them, the wall, the return parts and the end part delimiting an inner cavity, the extension of the clear gap parallel to the straight wall being between 50% and 100% of the largest dimension of the cavity parallel to the wall, and preferably between 70% and 90%.
[0011] Thus, according to the invention, the intervertebral cage comprises only three walls, namely the straight main wall and the two return parts prolonged by the end parts, such that the graft was compacted on the inside of each cage before the cage was placed (in the case of posterior placement in which two cages are used arranged side by side and at a spacing from each other), and the graft that is made to grow between the two cages are all three in mutual contact, such that there is actually only a single graft which will therefore grow homogeneously to obtain an optimum contact between the vertebral plate—graft—vertebral plate, in other words a good homogeneous and stable contact, also making the cage more resistant even though it only has one straight main wall and a large gap between the end parts.
[0012] The applicant realized before anyone else that in the case in which there is a main part in the form of a straight wall, it is still possible to significantly move the end parts away from the return parts without endangering the stability and the strength of the intervertebral cages between the vertebral plates. The applicant believes that the fact that the central graft and the compacted grafts in the internal parts of the two cages arranged with their openings facing each other fuse together well and helps to make the two cages more resistant to the tension forces exerted by the vertebral plates, and it is therefore possible to increase the air gap between the end parts, although the main part is only a thin single straight wall; but this is only a hypothesis that the applicant cannot confirm.
[0013] According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, the thin main wall is a straight wall.
[0014] According to one advantageous embodiment, the thickness of the end parts is the same as the thickness of the thin main wall.
[0015] According to one advantageous embodiment, the thickness of the thin main wall is between 1 mm and 5 mm and preferably between 2 mm and 4 mm, for example 3 mm.
[0016] According to one advantageous embodiment, the end part that projects from the largest return part is provided with at least one hole, and preferably two holes on the front face facing the other end part, and the other return part comprises a threaded hole on its part external to the cage, these holes being designed to cooperate with pins associated with placement instrumentation for placement of the implant or the intervertebral cage in the intervertebral space.
[0017] The present invention also relates to instrumentation for placement of an intervertebral cage, particularly by posterior placement.
[0018] According to the invention, the instrumentation for placement of an intervertebral cage between two vertebrae in the disk space comprises a rod that will cooperate with associated coupling means formed in an outer surface of the intervertebral cage.
[0019] According to one improvement of the invention, the instrumentation comprises a prolonged part in the form of a rectangular or slightly curved wall, on the distal end of the rod, the dimensions and position of which are such that the wall closes off the clear gap between the two end parts, when the rod is in a position to cooperate with the coupling means.
[0020] The rectangular wall replaces the “missing wall” of the cage during placement, firstly to retain the graft that was compacted inside the cage before the cage was put into position, and secondly to make the assembly stiffer to facilitate its placement in the intervertebral space.
[0021] For example, coupling means are composed of a hole formed in the outer surface of the cage, the hole being sized such that the rod can be inserted inside it.
[0022] According to the invention, it is also possible to use blocking means that will block mutual rotation of the cage and the instrumentation in the position in which the rod and the coupling means cooperate with each other.
[0023] For example, these blocking means may be composed such that the shape of the periphery of the hole is made hexagonal or to have at least one flat, and one end of the rod has a matching shape.
[0024] According to one improvement of the invention, attachment means designed to fix the rod to the coupling means may also be provided. These attachment means, which in particular can be released, are used to insert the cage such that it cannot accidentally stop cooperating with the rod.
[0025] For example, these attachment means may consist of tapping the hole and providing an associated thread at the distal end of the rod. In this case, the tapping in the hole and the thread on the rod also form blocking means.
[0026] According to one improvement to the invention, the outside distal edge of the wall comprises two pins that can penetrate into the holes formed in the face on the end part of the cage.
[0027] According to the invention, the wall is offset with respect to the centre line of the main rod, particularly by a distance equivalent to half of the dimension of the return part at the rod end.
[0028] The invention also relates to a pair of intervertebral cages according to the invention, in particular the two intervertebral cages of the pair being symmetric with each other like in a mirror.
Brief Description of the Several Views of the Drawings
[0029] The drawings, given solely as examples of one embodiment of an intervertebral cage according to the invention and instrumentation used for placement in the intervertebral space, are described.
[0030] In the drawings:
[0031] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an intervertebral cage according to the invention;
[0032] FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view from the top of the intervertebral cage of FIG. 1 ;
[0033] FIG. 3 is a side view of the intervertebral cage in FIG 1;
[0034] FIG. 4 shows instrumentation for placement of an intervertebral cage according to the invention, and also shows the intervertebral cage shown in FIG. 1 ;
[0035] FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of part of FIG. 4 ;
[0036] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the enlarged part of the instrumentation of FIG. 4 , without showing the intervertebral cage of FIG. 1 ;
[0037] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the intervertebral cage of FIG. 1 showing an attachment structure; and
[0038] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the intervertebral cage of FIG. 1 showing a blocking structure.
Detailed Description of Various Embodiments
[0039] FIG. 1 shows in intervertebral cage 1 according to the invention. The intervertebral cage comprises a main wall 2 from which two return parts 3 and 4 project. The two return parts 3 and 4 are prolonged by a first end part 5 and a second end part 6 respectively. The two end parts 5 and 6 are approximately parallel to the main wall 2. The wall 2, the return parts 3 and 4 and the end parts 5, 6 delimit an inner cavity 30 in the cage, by prolonging the two end parts towards each other.
[0040] The two end parts 5, 6, are at a distance from each other and there is a clear gap between them. The clear gap extends along the direction of the length parallel to the main wall 2 over a length equal to 78% of the longest length of the inner cavity 30.
[0041] The two end parts 5, 6 face each other through a first end face 7 and a second end face 8. The main wall 2 is 3 mm thick. The thickness of the end walls is the same as the thickness of the main wall 2. The two return parts 3 and 4 are approximately perpendicular to the main wall 2. The two end parts 5 and 6 extend from the return parts 3 and 4 that are approximately perpendicular to the end parts, parallel to the main wall 2, such that the shape of the cage 1 forming the intervertebral cage is approximately like a C with a straight back in the cross-sectional plane (see FIG. 2 ).
[0042] The upper edge 9 and the lower edge 10 of the cage forming the intervertebral cage have a toothed shape 11. These teeth or notches give good anchorage of the cage in the vertebral plates.
[0043] Two holes 12 are formed in face 8, facing the end part 5. A tapped hole 13 is formed in the outside edge of the return part 4. These holes 12 and 13 are designed to cooperate, respectively, with the pins 20 and the threaded end 21 of the rod 15 of an instrument 14 for the placement of an intervertebral cage between the two vertebrae, particularly by posterior placement. In particular, this instrumentation 14 is shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 .
[0044] It comprises a hollow rod 15 that is extended at its end 16 by a part 17 in the form of a wedge comprising a surface 18 perpendicular to the centre line of the rod 15 and a wall 19 forming an angle of about 75° from the surface 18. The shape of the wall 19 is rectangular. The angle between the wall 19 and the surface 18 depends on the extended length of the clear gap. It is designed such that the wall 19 completely fills the opening between the two end parts 5 and 6.
[0045] On its edge opposite the rod 15, the plate or wall 19 comprises two pins 20 designed to cooperate with holes formed in the face 8 of the intervertebral cage 1. The instrumentation 14 also comprises a threaded end 21 (FIG. 6 ) of the rod 15 that will cooperate with the tapped hole 13 (FIG. 7 ) formed in the outside part of the return part 4 of the intervertebral cage. This threaded end 21 extends inside the rod 15 and opens up at the end of 16 of this rod 15, at the surface 18 through a hole formed in it. The user screws and unscrews the threaded rod using the maneuvering handle 22. Screwing the rod in firstly blocks the rod and the cage in rotation, and secondly fixes the rod to the cage.
[0046] The length of the plate 29 is approximately equivalent to the length of the main wall 2 of the intervertebral case, such that when the threaded end 21 is screwed into the tapped hole 13, pins 20 (FIG. 7 ) penetrate into the holes 12. It is thus possible to insert the intervertebral cage between two vertebrae and then to remove the instrumentation. The two sides 7 and 8 facing the end parts 5 and 6 are offset from each other by a dimension corresponding to the thickness of the plate 19.
[0047] The wall 19 replaces the “missing wall” of the cage during placement, firstly to fix the position of the graft that was compacted in the cage before its placement, and secondly to make the assembly stiffer to facilitate its placement in the intervertebral space.
[0048] Finally, the cage may be bevelled in the longitudinal direction (see FIG. 3 ). This bevelled shape makes it possible to restore the lordosis.
Claims
The invention claimed is:
1. An intervertebral cage configured for insertion between an upper vertebra and a lower vertebra, comprising:
an elongated main wall having first and second opposing ends thereof;
a first return part extending away from the first end of the main wall;
a second return part extending away from the second end of the main wall;
a first end part extending from the first return part and terminating at a first end face;
a second end part extending from the second return part and terminating at a second end face;
an upper surface configured for contact with the upper vertebra, the upper surface comprising teeth arranged in a substantially planar array and at least portions of the main wall, the first return part, the second return part, the first end part, and the second end part;
a lower surface configured for contact with the lower vertebra, the lower surface comprising teeth arranged in a substantially planar array and at least portions of the main wall, the first return part, the second return part, the first end part, and the second end part; and
a cavity delimited by the main wall, the first return part, the second return part, the first end part, and the second end part, the cavity open along the upper surface and the lower surface, with the intervertebral cage having an opening to the cavity along a gap;
the gap formed between the first end face and the second end face and having a width that corresponds to between 100% and about 50% of the largest dimension of the cavity parallel to the main wall, which width extends fully along the opening between the first end face and the second end face, with the gap open at the upper surface and the lower surface and extending therebetween so that the first end part and the second end part are connected only through the first return part, the second return part, and the main wall; and
a coupler for a placement instrument disposed in the first or second return part or the first or second end part and adapted to place the cage between the upper and lower vertebrae.
2. The intervertebral cage of claim 1 in which the main wall is substantially straight.
3. The intervertebral cage of claim 2 in which the main wall has a thickness defined by the distance between an exterior wall extending from the upper surface to the lower surface and an interior wall extending from the upper surface to the lower surface, the thickness being substantially constant between the upper surface and the lower surfaces.
4. The intervertebral cage of claim 3 in which the main wall and the first and second end parts have substantially the same thickness.
5. The intervertebral cage of claim 1 in which the first end face and the second end face are substantially flat and substantially parallel.
6. The intervertebral cage of claim 1 wherein the gap extends substantially parallel to the main wall.
7. The intervertebral cage of claim 1 wherein the gap extends substantially parallel to the main wall and corresponds to between about 90% and about 70% of the largest dimension of the cavity parallel to the main wall.
8. The intervertebral cage of claim 1 further comprising a longitudinal bevel adapted to restore a lordosis.
9. The intervertebral cage of claim 1 in which the teeth of the upper surface and the lower each extend along the main wall, the first return part, the second return part, the first end part, and the second end part.
10. A combination comprising the intervertebral cage of claim 1 and further comprising a placement instrument for inserting the cage between the upper and lower vertebrae, the coupler of the intervertebral cage further comprising an attachment for a rod of the instrument, and the instrument comprising a rod attachable to the coupler and an instrument wall adapted to extend at least partially into the gap and to close the gap between the first and second end faces.
11. The intervertebral cage and instrument of claim 10 wherein the instrument wall is offset from a center line of the rod.
12. The intervertebral cage and instrument of claim 10 further comprising a blocking structure adapted to block rotation of the cage.
13. The intervertebral cage and instrument of claim 10 wherein the coupler includes a hole disposed in the cage adapted to receive a portion of the rod.
14. The intervertebral cage and instrument of claim 13 further comprising a blocking structure integral with the coupler, wherein the hole disposed in the cage is tapped and the portion of the rod received in the hole is threaded.
15. An intervertebral cage configured for insertion between an upper vertebra and a lower vertebra, comprising:
a substantially straight main wall comprising a top adapted for contact with the upper vertebra and a bottom adapted for contact with the lower vertebra, and having first and second ends each extending from the top to the bottom of the main wall;
a first return part extending away from the first end of the main wall, the first return part having a top adapted for contact with the upper vertebra, a bottom adapted for contact with the lower vertebra, and a first end part having a top adapted for contact with the upper vertebra and a bottom adapted for contact with the lower vertebra;
a second return part extending away from the second end of the main wall, the second return part having a top adapted for contact with the upper vertebra, a bottom adapted for contact with the lower vertebra, and a second end part having a top adapted for contact with the upper vertebra and a bottom adapted for contact with the lower vertebra, the first end part extending from the first return part toward the second end part and the second end part extending from the second return part toward the first end part so that the first and second end parts face each other to form a gap therebetween;
a cavity defined by the main wall, the first and second return parts and the first and second end parts that opens from the cage at the gap, the gap extending substantially parallel to the main wall a distance that is between 100% and about 50% of a largest dimension of the cavity parallel to the wall; and
a coupler for a placement instrument disposed in the first or second return part or the first or second end part and adapted to place the cage between the upper and lower vertebrae;
with the main wall having a thickness defined by the distance between an exterior surface extending from the top to the bottom of the main wall and an interior surface extending from the top to the bottom of the main wall, the thickness being substantially constant between the top and the bottom of the main wall.
16. An intervertebral cage configured for insertion in a space between an upper vertebra and a lower vertebra, the intervertebral space having a medial horizontal plane, the cage comprising:
a substantially straight main wall having two ends;
first and second return parts each projecting from one of the two main wall ends;
a first end part extending toward the second return part from an end of the first return part distal from the main wall;
a second end part extending toward the first return part from an end of the second return part distal from the main wall;
a gap between the first and second end parts;
an inner cavity defined by the main wall, the first and second return parts, the first and second end parts, and the gap, with the gap extending substantially parallel to the main wall along a distance between 100% and about 50% of the largest dimension of the inner cavity parallel to the main wall;
a top surface comprising notches arranged in a substantially planar array and adapted to confront the upper vertebra;
a bottom surface comprising notches arranged in a substantially planar array and adapted to confront the lower vertebra;
a cross-sectional shape along the top and the bottom surfaces of the cage that approximates the shape of a letter “C” having a substantially straight back; and
a coupler for a placement instrument disposed in the first or second return part or the first or second end part and adapted to place the cage between the upper and lower vertebrae.
17. The intervertebral cage of claim 16 in which the cage has a lateral width and at least one of the notches of the top and bottom surfaces extends across the lateral width.
18. An intervertebral cage combination comprising a first intervertebral cage according to claim 16 and a second intervertebral cage according to claim 16, wherein the first intervertebral cage and the second intervertebral cage are configured with mirror-image symmetry and adapted for disposition with the gap of the first intervertebral cage facing the gap of the second intervertebral cage.
19. The intervertebral cage of claim 16, further comprising
a first wall surface extending along a first side of the substantially straight main wall, a first side of the first return part, and a first side of the second return part and
a second wall surface extending along a second side of the substantially straight main wall, a second side of the first return part, and a second side of the second return part;
with the top surface and the bottom surface each extending contiguously from the first wall surface to the second wall surface.
Patent Citations (171)
| Patent | Date | Inventor | Cited By |
|---|---|---|---|
| US4714469(A) | 1987-12-01 | Kenna | Applicant |
| US4904261(A) | 1990-02-01 | Dove et al. | Examiner |
| US4997432(A) | 1991-03-01 | Keller | Applicant |
| US5192327(A) | 1993-03-01 | Brantigan | Applicant |
| US5246458(A) | 1993-09-01 | Graham | Applicant |
| US5306307(A) | 1994-04-01 | Senter et al. | Applicant |
| US5306309(A) | 1994-04-01 | Wagner et al. | Applicant |
| US5397364(A) | 1995-03-01 | Kozak et al. | Applicant |
| US5425772(A) | 1995-06-01 | Brantigan | Applicant |
| US5458638(A) | 1995-10-01 | Kuslich et al. | Applicant |
| US5534029(A) | 1996-07-01 | Shima | Applicant |
| US5554191(A) | 1996-09-01 | Lahille et al. | Applicant |
| US5609636(A) | 1997-03-01 | Kohrs et al. | Applicant |
| US5713899(A) | 1998-02-01 | Marnay et al. | Examiner |
| US5741253(A) | 1998-04-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US5755798(A) | 1998-05-01 | Papavero et al. | Applicant |
| US5766252(A) | 1998-06-01 | Henry et al. | Applicant |
| US5772661(A) | 1998-06-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US5776199(A) | 1998-07-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US5782919(A) | 1998-07-01 | Zdeblick et al. | Applicant |
| US5797909(A) | 1998-08-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US5800550(A) | 1998-09-01 | Sertich | Applicant |
| US5860973(A) | 1999-01-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US5865845(A) | 1999-02-01 | Thalgott | Applicant |
| US5888223(A) | 1999-03-01 | Bray | Applicant |
| US5888224(A) | 1999-03-01 | Beckers et al. | Applicant |
| US5984967(A) | 1999-11-01 | Zdeblick et al. | Applicant |
| US6001130(A) | 1999-12-01 | Bryan et al. | Applicant |
| US6033438(A) | 2000-03-01 | Bianchi et al. | Applicant |
| US6045579(A) | 2000-04-01 | Hochshuler et al. | Applicant |
| US6063121(A) | 2000-05-01 | Xavier et al. | Applicant |
| US6080158(A) | 2000-06-01 | Lin | Applicant |
| US6080193(A) | 2000-06-01 | Hochshuler et al. | Applicant |
| US6093205(A) | 2000-07-01 | McLeod et al. | Applicant |
| US6096038(A) | 2000-08-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US6096080(A) | 2000-08-01 | Nicholson | Applicant |
| US6111164(A) | 2000-08-01 | Rainey | Applicant |
| US6113637(A) | 2000-09-01 | Gill et al. | Applicant |
| US6113638(A) | 2000-09-01 | Williams et al. | Applicant |
| US6120502(A) | 2000-09-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US6123705(A) | 2000-09-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US6136031(A) | 2000-10-01 | Middleton | Applicant |
| US6146421(A) | 2000-11-01 | Gordon et al. | Applicant |
| US6149650(A) | 2000-11-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US6156067(A) | 2000-12-01 | Bryan et al. | Applicant |
| US6179875(B1) | 2001-01-01 | Von Strempel | Examiner |
| US6193757(B1) | 2001-02-01 | Foley et al. | Applicant |
| US6206922(B1) | 2001-03-01 | Zdeblick et al. | Applicant |
| US6206923(B1) | 2001-03-01 | Boyd et al. | Examiner |
| US6210412(B1) | 2001-04-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US6224595(B1) | 2001-05-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US6235059(B1) | 2001-05-01 | Benezech et al. | Applicant |
| US6241770(B1) | 2001-06-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US6245072(B1) | 2001-06-01 | Zdeblick et al. | Applicant |
| US6245108(B1) | 2001-06-01 | Biscup | Applicant |
| US6251140(B1) | 2001-06-01 | Marino et al. | Applicant |
| US6258125(B1) | 2001-07-01 | Paul et al. | Applicant |
| US6264656(B1) | 2001-07-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US6270498(B1) | 2001-08-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US6277149(B1) | 2001-08-01 | Boyle et al. | Applicant |
| US6296664(B1) | 2001-10-01 | Middleton | Applicant |
| US6302914(B1) | 2001-10-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US6306170(B2) | 2001-10-01 | Ray | Applicant |
| US6315797(B1) | 2001-11-01 | Middleton | Applicant |
| US6348071(B1) | 2002-02-01 | Steffee et al. | Applicant |
| US6350283(B1) | 2002-02-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US6364880(B1) | 2002-04-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US6371988(B1) | 2002-04-01 | Pafford et al. | Applicant |
| US6375655(B1) | 2002-04-01 | Zdeblick et al. | Applicant |
| US6395031(B1) | 2002-05-01 | Foley et al. | Applicant |
| US6395035(B2) | 2002-05-01 | Bresina et al. | Applicant |
| US6402750(B1) | 2002-06-01 | Atkinson et al. | Applicant |
| US6402785(B1) | 2002-06-01 | Zdeblick et al. | Applicant |
| US6409765(B1) | 2002-06-01 | Bianchi et al. | Applicant |
| US6419704(B1) | 2002-07-01 | Ferree | Applicant |
| US6423095(B1) | 2002-07-01 | Van Hoeck et al. | Applicant |
| US6432106(B1) | 2002-08-01 | Fraser | Applicant |
| US6432107(B1) | 2002-08-01 | Ferree | Applicant |
| US6447512(B1) | 2002-09-01 | Landry et al. | Applicant |
| US6447544(B1) | 2002-09-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US6447547(B1) | 2002-09-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US6454769(B2) | 2002-09-01 | Wagner et al. | Applicant |
| US6458159(B1) | 2002-10-01 | Thalgott | Applicant |
| US6461359(B1) | 2002-10-01 | Tribus et al. | Applicant |
| US6468310(B1) | 2002-10-01 | Ralph et al. | Applicant |
| US6471724(B2) | 2002-10-01 | Zdeblick et al. | Applicant |
| US6478823(B1) | 2002-11-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US6482233(B1) | 2002-11-01 | Aebi et al. | Applicant |
| US6500205(B1) | 2002-12-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US6524312(B2) | 2003-02-01 | Landry et al. | Applicant |
| US6527806(B2) | 2003-03-01 | Ralph et al. | Applicant |
| US6540785(B1) | 2003-04-01 | Gill et al. | Applicant |
| US6554863(B2) | 2003-04-01 | Paul et al. | Applicant |
| US6576016(B1) | 2003-06-01 | Hochshuler et al. | Applicant |
| US6579291(B1) | 2003-06-01 | Keith et al. | Applicant |
| US6582468(B1) | 2003-06-01 | Gauchet | Applicant |
| US6592624(B1) | 2003-07-01 | Fraser et al. | Applicant |
| US6599320(B1) | 2003-07-01 | Kuslich et al. | Applicant |
| US6605089(B1) | 2003-08-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US6610089(B1) | 2003-08-01 | Liu et al. | Applicant |
| US6610092(B2) | 2003-08-01 | Ralph et al. | Applicant |
| US6613091(B1) | 2003-09-01 | Zdeblick et al. | Applicant |
| US6616671(B2) | 2003-09-01 | Landry et al. | Applicant |
| US6635087(B2) | 2003-10-01 | Angelucci et al. | Applicant |
| US6645206(B1) | 2003-11-01 | Zdeblick et al. | Applicant |
| US6645249(B2) | 2003-11-01 | Ralph et al. | Applicant |
| US6652584(B2) | 2003-11-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US6660038(B2) | 2003-12-01 | Boyer, II et al. | Applicant |
| US6666890(B2) | 2003-12-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US6669730(B2) | 2003-12-01 | Ralph et al. | Applicant |
| US6669731(B2) | 2003-12-01 | Ralph et al. | Applicant |
| US6673113(B2) | 2004-01-01 | Ralph et al. | Applicant |
| US6676703(B2) | 2004-01-01 | Biscup | Applicant |
| US6679887(B2) | 2004-01-01 | Nicholson et al. | Applicant |
| US6679915(B1) | 2004-01-01 | Cauthen | Applicant |
| US6695851(B2) | 2004-02-01 | Zdeblick et al. | Applicant |
| US6695882(B2) | 2004-02-01 | Bianchi et al. | Applicant |
| US6709458(B2) | 2004-03-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US6716247(B2) | 2004-04-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US6719794(B2) | 2004-04-01 | Gerber et al. | Applicant |
| US6733504(B2) | 2004-05-01 | Lin et al. | Applicant |
| US6733531(B1) | 2004-05-01 | Trieu | Applicant |
| US6733535(B2) | 2004-05-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US6736850(B2) | 2004-05-01 | Davis | Applicant |
| US6740117(B2) | 2004-05-01 | Ralph et al. | Applicant |
| US6740118(B2) | 2004-05-01 | Eisermann et al. | Applicant |
| US6743255(B2) | 2004-06-01 | Ferree | Applicant |
| US6743256(B2) | 2004-06-01 | Mason | Applicant |
| US6743257(B2) | 2004-06-01 | Castro | Applicant |
| US6749636(B2) | 2004-06-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US6758849(B1) | 2004-07-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US6767367(B1) | 2004-07-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US6770074(B2) | 2004-08-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| US6793679(B2) | 2004-09-01 | Michelson | Applicant |
| USRE38614(E) | 2004-10-01 | Paul et al. | Applicant |
| US6800092(B1) | 2004-10-01 | Williams et al. | Applicant |
| US6800093(B2) | 2004-10-01 | Nicholson et al. | Applicant |
| US2001/0020185(A1) | 2001-09-01 | Ray | Applicant |
| US2002/0082597(A1) | 2002-06-01 | Fraser | Applicant |
| US2002/0107572(A1) | 2002-08-01 | Foley et al. | Applicant |
| US2002/0151893(A1) | 2002-10-01 | Santilli | Applicant |
| US2002/0193880(A1) | 2002-12-01 | Fraser | Applicant |
| US2003/0028249(A1) | 2003-02-01 | Baccelli et al. | Applicant |
| US2003/0109928(A1) | 2003-06-01 | Pasquet et al. | Applicant |
| US2003/0167091(A1) | 2003-09-01 | Scharf | Applicant |
| US2003/0195626(A1) | 2003-10-01 | Huppert | Applicant |
| US2003/0195632(A1) | 2003-10-01 | Foley et al. | Applicant |
| US2003/0204260(A1) | 2003-10-01 | Ferree | Applicant |
| US2004/0073309(A1) | 2004-04-01 | Bianchi et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0127993(A1) | 2004-07-01 | Kast et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0127994(A1) | 2004-07-01 | Kast et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0148029(A1) | 2004-07-01 | Bianchi et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0162617(A1) | 2004-08-01 | Zucherman et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0172130(A1) | 2004-09-01 | Nakahara et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0199254(A1) | 2004-10-01 | Louis et al. | Applicant |
| US2005/0038511(A1) | 2005-02-01 | Martz et al. | Applicant |
| DE3741493(A1) | 1989-06-01 | Applicant | |
| EP965313(A) | 1999-12-01 | Applicant | |
| FR2703580(A) | 1994-10-01 | Applicant | |
| FR2733413(A1) | 1996-10-01 | Applicant | |
| FR2747034(A) | 1997-10-01 | Applicant | |
| FR2808995 | 2001-11-01 | Applicant | |
| FR2827156 | 2003-01-01 | Applicant | |
| WO9715248 | 1997-05-01 | Applicant | |
| WO9801091(A) | 1998-01-01 | Applicant | |
| WO9855052(A) | 1998-12-01 | Applicant | |
| WO9855052(A1) | 1998-12-01 | Examiner | |
| WO9909914(A) | 1999-03-01 | Applicant | |
| WO9956676(A) | 1999-11-01 | Applicant | |
| WO187194 | 2001-11-01 | Applicant | |
| WO3005939 | 2003-01-01 | Applicant |
Non-Patent Literature (10)
- U.S. Appl. No. 60/121,705, filed Feb. 25, 1999, Biscup.Applicant
- FR 2 808 995 Preliminary Search Report, National Institute of Industrial Property (France), Jan. 29, 2001.Applicant
- FR 2 827 156 Preliminary Search Report, National Institute of Industrial Property (France), Apr. 5, 2002.Applicant
- Greffe et fusion, Website: http://www.ldrmedical.fr/roi.htm, Sep. 19, 2004.Applicant
- Mc+Le choix de l'ancrage, Website: http://www.ldrmedical.fr/mcplus.htm, Sep. 19, 2004.Applicant
- PCT/FR01/01545, International Preliminary Examination Report, EPO, Aug. 30, 2002.Applicant
- PCT/FR01/01545, International Search Report, EPO, Sep. 5, 2001.Applicant
- PCT/IB02/03390, International Preliminary Examination Report, EPO, Nov. 6, 2003.Applicant
- PCT/IB02/03390, International Search Report, EPO, Mar. 3, 2003.Applicant
- ROI Privilegier la greffe en creant la chambre de fusion, Website: http://www.ldrmedical.fr/roi.htm, Sep. 19, 2004.Applicant