System and method for bonus gaming using a mobile device

[0001] A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.

[0002] 1. Field of the Invention

[0003] The present invention is directed to wagering games, gaming machines, networked gaming systems and methods, and in particular to the maintenance of these wagering games, gaming machines, networked gaming systems and methods.

[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art

[0005] In the prior art, various types of gaming machines have been developed with different features to captivate and maintain player interest. In general, a gaming machine allows a player to play a game in exchange for a wager. Depending on the outcome of the game, the player may be entitled to an award which is paid to the player by the gaming machine, normally in the form of currency or game credits. Gaming machines may include flashing displays, lighted displays, or sound effects to capture a player's interest in a gaming device.

[0006] Another important feature of maintaining player interest in a gaming machine includes providing the player with many opportunities to win awards, such as cash or prizes. For example, in some slot machines, the display windows show more than one adjacent symbol on each reel, thereby allowing for multiple-line betting.

[0007] In the past, manufacturers have developed systems for control of gaming machines. Specifically, these have included applications for denying self-excluded gamblers from playing slot machines, bonusing of anonymous players and allowing a player to participate in a casino loyalty scheme without the need to insert a physical card into the gaming machine.

[0008] While gaming machines including feature games have been successful, there remains a need for feature games that provide players with enhanced excitement and an increased opportunity of winning.

[0009] Briefly, and in general terms, a method is disclosed for enabling a player to use a mobile bonus feature system and a mobile device to become eligible for mobile promotions in addition to prizes or awards offered by a game on an underlying gaming machine. The method includes: enabling enrollment in the mobile bonus feature system; displaying a list of mobile promotions associated with games on underlying gaming machines; enabling selection of a mobile promotion and an associated game on an underlying gaming machine; once the player meets criteria of the mobile promotion on the underlying gaming machine, enabling the player to use a camera of the mobile device, which is controlled by the mobile bonus feature system, to take a photo of a game result that satisfies the mobile promotion; securely transmitting the photo of the game result to a web service; analyzing the photo of the game result to confirm the player has met the criteria of the mobile promotion; and once confirmed, awarding the player is a bonus associated with the mobile promotion.

[0010] In another embodiment, a method is disclosed of enabling a player to determining an arrangement of symbols associated with mobile promotions in addition to prizes or awards offered by a game on an underlying gaming machine, wherein animated symbols constituting a win are configured to flash in conjunction with a symbol matrix when a win occurs, and wherein the player employs a mobile bonus feature system and a mobile device. The method includes: enabling access to every frame of animation of each animated symbol which represents a win using an image analysis system in the mobile bonus feature system, wherein each frame is available to be compared against candidate sub-images; capturing multiple images when the player presses an image capture button, wherein the multiple captured images are spaced in time to capture at least half a cycle of a symbol matrix over a known symbol flash time between consecutive captures; attempting to determine the symbol matrix from a first captured image; if the symbol matrix is not determined from the first captured image, capturing second and subsequent image to fill in any blanks in determining the symbol matrix; attempting to determine the symbol matrix from second or subsequent images, as necessary, until the symbol matrix is determined; and validating the win using the animated symbols after determining the symbol matrix.

[0011] In still another embodiment, a method is disclosed of enabling hacker prevention for a gaming system in which a player uses a mobile bonus feature system and a mobile device to become eligible for mobile promotions in additional to prizes or awards offered by a game on an underlying gaming machine. The method includes: enabling the player to use a camera of the mobile device, which is controlled by the mobile bonus feature system to capture photos of a game result that satisfies the mobile promotion; comparing each shown reel segment captured by the camera of the mobile device against every legal reel strip for a particular game to ensure that the shown reel segment is a legal reel strip; determining a game configuration to be valid, if the shown reel segment is found to be a legal reel strip; generating a suspicious notification if a shown reel segment is not a legal reel strip; determining a geographic position of the mobile device to limit possible legal strips in an identified jurisdiction associated with the determined geographic location; and sending the game configuration as data to a player value tracking system, with respect to evaluation of success for different holds for games.

[0012] In yet another embodiment, a method is disclosed of enabling hacker prevention for a gaming system in which a player uses a mobile bonus feature system and a mobile device to become eligible for mobile promotions in additional to prizes or awards offered by a game on an underlying gaming machine. The method includes: enabling the player to use a camera of the mobile device, which is controlled by the mobile bonus feature system to capture images of a game result that satisfies the mobile promotion; validating an amount won by the player and an associated bet value, as represented on a display of the mobile device, against a known pay table to ensure the winning amount matches known bet values and pay table parameters; validating a progressive prize value in which the progressive prize values are known for a given time, by using a time stamp of captured images to determine expected progressive values; and flagging a winning amount or a progressive prize value as suspicious if the winning amount or a progressive prize value is not within a small range of expected values.

[0013] Finally, in some embodiments, a method is disclosed of enabling replay attack prevention for a gaming system in which a player uses a mobile bonus feature system and a mobile device to become eligible for mobile promotions in additional to prizes or awards offered by a game on an underlying gaming machine. A replay attack occurs when an unscrupulous person captures multiple images of a win triggering game result and submits the images as multiple entries, thereby attempting to earn multiple awards. The method includes: protecting against a replay attack by comparing an arrangement of symbols in a symbol matrix obtained from the captured image of a winning prize against possible arrangements of symbols in symbol matrixes for a same game to confirm that the images represent different winning results; protecting against a replay attack by comparing values of a credit, denomination, bet and win meters, and progressive meters against possible values of a credit, denomination, bet and win meters, and progressive meters for a same game to confirm that the images represent different winning results; protecting against a replay attack by comparing a time and geographic location of a winning prize against times and geographic locations of previously submitted winning prizes to confirm that the images represent different winning results; and awarding a winning prize after the winning prize passes the replay attack protections.

[0014] Features and advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate by way of example, the features of the various embodiments.

[0055] Various embodiments are directed to a game, gaming machine, gaming systems and method for playing a game, wherein the gaming system includes biometrically controlled door locks. The embodiments are illustrated and described herein, by way of example only, and not by way of limitation. Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to FIGS. 1-7, there are shown illustrative examples of games, gaming machines, gaming systems and methods for playing a game in accordance with various aspects of the gaming system which includes biometrically-controlled door locks.

[0056] An example in accordance with one or more aspects of a disclosed embodiment is shown in FIGS. 1-2. A preferred embodiment of a gaming system includes a biometrically-controlled door lock 100. The biometrically-controlled door lock enables a technician to open a gaming machine door without needing a master key. Instead, the technicians present themselves to a camera built into the gaming machine, and a picture is taken of them. This picture is transmitted to the casino management system (CMS) and if the facial recognition software running on the CMS identifies the technician as being authorized, a message is sent to the EGM (electronic gaming machine) to unlock the door. The gaming machine has a solenoid attached to the door lock, and is able to unlock the door under software control. The advantage of such a system is that it removes the need for a casino to issue master keys to technicians.

[0057] A preferred embodiment of a gaming system which includes biometrically-controlled door locks enables a technician to open a gaming machine without using a key. Traditional key and lock systems are difficult to change. Moreover, the disclosed gaming system offers better security than either the existing key or biometric systems. Additionally, a preferred embodiment of a gaming system which includes biometrically-controlled door locks is also much cheaper to deploy, requiring only a software-controlled solenoid to be installed in each gaming machine.

[0058] A preferred embodiment of this gaming system, which includes biometrically-controlled door locks, leverages existing mobile “smart phones.” By way of example only, and not by way of limitation, such smart phones include Apple's iPhone series, Google's Droid and Nexus One series, Palm's Pre series, and RIM's Blackberry series of smart phones. Most, if not all, of these smart phones include a built-in camera that can be controlled by software applications. Accordingly, preferred embodiments of this gaming system “move” the camera from the gaming machine to a smart phone, carried by the technician. In more detail, the components that make up the gaming system having biometrically-controlled door locks may be seen in FIG. 2. In this regard, a preferred embodiment of a locking system should employ (1) something you are (e.g., a biometric), (2) something you know (e.g., a PIN), and (3) something you possess (e.g., a physical token, such as a key).

[0059] As part of one aspect of a disclosed embodiment, a technician is equipped with a smart phone. Additionally, a manufacturer develops a specific biometric lock application for this embodiment that is deployed by casino IT staff. For security purposes, this application is not widely distributed, and it is not downloadable by the public. The biometric lock application is capable of taking photographs using the camera built into the phone, and passing these photographs over an encrypted internet (Secure Socket Layer) connection to a web server connected to the CMS. In some embodiments, the web server also provides context sensitive help documents to the mobile phone, in addition to being able to take photographs.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment of a gaming system having biometrically-controlled door locks, each gaming machine is equipped with a solenoid to control the opening of the cabinet door. The gaming machine also includes software to enable commands to be sent from the CMS to enable the door to be opened by triggering the solenoid. In addition, the gaming machine preferably has a sticker or placard attached that uniquely identifies the machine. This may be achieved by a barcode printed on the sticker.

[0061] Referring now to the process in FIG. 1, a technician is tasked to perform some maintenance on a gaming machine. In practice, he or she approaches the gaming machine in question and starts the technician biometric lock application on the smart phone. The technician is prompted to scan the gaming machine's barcode, and then the biometric lock application presents the current image being read by the camera on the phone's LCD screen. Once the technician positions the camera at a suitable distance from the barcode, the image is captured, and sent via the encrypted link over the internet to the web server. At the web server, the image analysis software decodes the image and determines that it is a barcode. The barcode decoding module determines an identifier, which is used by the Machine ID database to determine which gaming machine has been scanned.

[0062] In some preferred embodiments, the CMS then responds back to the mobile phone with information about the gaming machine so that the technician may confirm that the barcode is correct. This information may consist of the name of the game currently loaded on the gaming machine and other identifying information.

[0063] After confirming that the gaming machine is correct, for security purposes, at this point the technician must enter a PIN (Personal Identification Number), or a user identifier/password combination. These credentials are transmitted to the CMS via the internet. The mobile phone application then tells the technician to take a self-portrait using the camera on the mobile phone. For some phones equipped with dual cameras (such as most Nokia models, the iPhone 4, and the HTC EVO), this simply means holding the phone up to get a good view of the face. In the case where the phone has only one camera, the technician turns the phone around so that the camera faces him or her, and presses the button on the user interface of the phone to take a picture.

[0064] The captured image is also sent up to the CMS via the secure cellular internet connection. As an alternative to the use of secure connections over the internet, a WiFi local network may also be used if it is present in the casino. At the CMS, the image analysis software passes the self-portrait to the facial recognition system, which determines the employee identifier associated with the face presented.

[0065] In addition to the credentials described above, in another aspect of some embodiments, the smart phone itself may be “married” to a particular employee. In such embodiments, in every transaction a unique identifier for the phone may also be transmitted. This identifier is set at install time, and cannot be changed by the technician. Alternatively, the phone's IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) number or other cellular identifier may be used.

[0066] In some preferred embodiments of the gaming system having biometrically-controlled door locks, all four credentials are passed to the unlock application at the CMS including (1) the employee ID, (2) the phone identifier, (3) the machine ID and (4) the PIN. If all credentials are valid (i.e., if the employee is currently allowed to unlock the gaming machine), an unlock signal is sent over the CMS network to the gaming machine. Once the gaming machine receives this signal, the controller associated with the door solenoid causes it to be tripped. In other embodiments, only three of the four credentials are passed to the unlock application at the CMS.

[0067] Once opened, a specific set of help pages are retrieved by the CMS from a gaming machine instruction manual server to aid the technician in their tasks. These pages are made available on the smart phone for the technician to peruse, and are specific to the game and cabinet combination in question.

[0068] To further assist the technician, at any time he or she may take a photograph of the gaming machine's LCD display. Any error messages, “lockup” messages or menus displayed may be read by the image analysis module at the CMS and by OCR (Optical character recognition) may be used to index into context sensitive help for the particular problem.

[0069] In addition to a barcode on the exterior of the gaming machine, each peripheral within the machine may also have a barcode. By scanning the barcode with the camera on the mobile phone using the mobile phone application, context sensitive help may also be retrieved for maintaining the peripheral, or for determining the asset status or configuration of a peripheral.

[0070] Some preferred implementations of the disclosed embodiments use a smart phone with two cameras and OpenCV image analysis software. Additionally, some embodiments: (1) provide a cheaper solution than installing cameras in each gaming machine; (2) enable a casino to update software ‘keys’ without needing to replace thousands of locks; (3) enable technicians to carry a physical token (i.e., the smart phone) that is very difficult to copy; (4) employs facial recognition and PIN security measures that prevent casual theft of a smart phone causing security issues; and (5) technicians can receive context-sensitive help to fix a particular gaming machine. In other aspects, some embodiments provide: (1) use of the combination of phone, camera, facial recognition, barcode and network-controlled solenoid to open a gaming machine door; and (2) context sensitive help for maintenance of the gaming machine, delivered by phone to authorized personnel. In this manner, a technician points his phone's camera at an error message and receives help to fix the specific problem associated with the error message.

[0071] In another aspect of some embodiments, gaming systems are utilized that include augmented reality viewing capabilities 300. In such embodiments of the disclosed gaming system, smart phones are utilized that include a built in gyroscope, as well as location tracking technology such as a digital compass and a GPS system (Global Positioning System). These features enable the accurate position and orientation of the smart phones and its user to be derived. Additionally, some other embodiments of the disclosed gaming system use object recognition and OCR (Optical character recognition) techniques combined with location/orientation derivation to provide players in casinos easy ways of finding games, progressive jackpots, particular machines, and other players of their choice.

[0072] The overall arrangement of the gaming systems that include augmented reality viewing capabilities may be seen in FIG. 3. In broad terms, gaming systems that include augmented reality viewing capabilities include an application loaded onto a camera-enabled smart phone, a back-end system for assisting the application, and integration modules for connecting to an existing Business Intelligence System (BIS).

[0073] In some embodiments, the Business Intelligence System provides a database or other structure that includes a table of the position and orientation of every gaming machine in a venue. Continuing, in such embodiments each position/orientation is associated with a unique identifier that enables this invention to query the Casino Management System (CMS) to retrieve data for the gaming machine in question such as current occupancy, historical performance, current denomination and other relevant attributes.

[0074] The basic operation of one embodiment of a gaming system that includes augmented reality viewing capabilities is shown in FIG. 4. A player installs an augmented reality venue application on his phone, and activates the application when he enters the venue. Preferably, the application may be automatically activated by a Bluetooth or wireless message that is received by the phone when it passes through a portal such as a casino entrance. Alternatively, the application may be automatically activated by a “locale” condition programmed into the smart phone, tied to the venue's GPS location. In the simplest implementation, the application is manually activated by the player.

[0075] Once activated, the application of the gaming system having augmented reality viewing capabilities begins to control the inbuilt primary camera of the smart phone. In one such embodiment, a message is displayed on the smart phone display asking the user to aim the camera at gaming machines or other objects of interest in the venue.

[0076] Once aimed, the augmented reality application determines the location of the phone, by means such as GPS, Bluetooth, or cell tower triangulation. In another embodiment, the augmented reality application determines the location of the phone by analysis of the image being captured by the camera. In this regard, physical reference points may be placed in the casino for the camera to find. Next, the orientation of the phone is determined. This may be accomplished by accessing the internal digital gyroscope embedded within the smart phone.

[0077] Once the location/orientation of the smart phone is known, the objects of interest (such as gaming machines) that may be seen by the smart phone's camera may be computed. This may be achieved by placing the camera position/orientation within a virtual 3D representation of the venue. This virtual representation may be built up offline by parsing the Business Intelligence System table of position/orientations of gaming machines and other objects. From time to time, this representation may be updated to take into account the moving of gaming machines and signage around the venue.

[0078] In one embodiment of the gaming system having augmented reality viewing capabilities, a list of gaming machines and other objects currently visible to the camera are built up. For each object visible, a virtual position on the smart phone display may be derived by performing an inverse projection matrix on the co-ordinates of the gaming machine. The camera captured image is rendered on the smart phone display, and an icon is overlaid on the image for each visible object. An example of this output is shown in FIG. 5.

[0079] As shown in FIG. 5, in another aspect of the gaming system having augmented reality viewing capabilities, some different types of icons may be shown depending upon the type of object or some meta-data associated with an object. In the example shown in FIG. 5, a standard gaming machine is shown with a green icon, a gaming machine that is being played (and thus unavailable) is shown with a blue icon, and the gaming machine with the highest payout over a recent period of time (i.e. the ‘hottest’ gaming machine) is shown with a red icon.

[0080] Another type of icon shown in the embodiment of FIG. 5 is a user icon. This user icon represents another player, such as a player that the current user has an affinity with (e.g., a spouse or relative). In some embodiments of the gaming system having augmented reality viewing capabilities, the player may register affinities in the CMS or via the augmented reality venue application. By employing such an embodiment, the player is able to find their spouse by simply panning their camera around until the user icon is straight ahead.

[0081] Notably, icons such as the user icon need not represent an object directly visible by the player. In some embodiments of the augmented reality venue system, signage and banks of gaming machines may be between the player and their spouse, but do not affect the operation of this invention.

[0082] As shown in FIG. 6, once an icon is shown, the player may touch the touchscreen on their smart phone at the location of the icon to bring up information about the object in question. FIG. 6 shows an example of such information. In this example, the user has selected the red icon near a ‘Hot Shots’ game on the image displayed on his phone. This selection causes a pop-up window with information about the game, including the detail that this is the ‘Hottest Slot’ by some measure (e.g., perhaps this gaming machine has paid out the most money over the last 24 hours).

[0083] In some embodiments, the pop-up window also lets the player know that this gaming machine is available to play, which might not be apparent if there are any obstructions between the gaming machine and the user. In one such embodiment, this availability information is obtained by the back-end systems by querying the CMS to see if any credits or player tracking card are inserted.

[0084] Referring now of FIG. 7, in another aspect of a gaming system having augmented reality viewing capabilities, the pop-up window also enables a player to “reserve” a gaming machine. Reserving gaming machines is popular in some markets, and this novel feature extends the reserving feature. If a player chooses to reserve the gaming machine by selecting the button on their smart phone, a message is sent up from the phone to the back-end system, and onto the CMS to reserve the gaming machine. Preferably, the CMS generates a PIN and transmits this PIN to the gaming machine and back to the phone. This PIN is displayed on the phone, as shown in FIG. 7. The gaming machine then locks up for a period of time to give the player time to walk over. When the player reaches the gaming machine, he or she enters the matching PIN and the game is unlocked. Once the time limit is reached, the gaming machine automatically unlocks to prevent the gaming machine from being held out-of-service.

[0085] Referring now to FIG. 8, an embodiment of a gaming system having augmented reality viewing capabilities is shown in which a user has selected an augmented reality venue with the signage highlighted. This type of reservation may be restricted to users of a certain standing; for example, “Platinum Level” players, to ensure they have priority for popular games.

[0086] FIG. 9 is an embodiment of a gaming system having augmented reality viewing capabilities in which a user has selected a game that is currently in use by another player. In this scenario, the user is offered the choice of finding another game of the same type elsewhere in the venue. In some embodiments, this action is performed by the backend querying the CMS as to other games with identical themes, and filtering this list by only matching gaming machines where credits are zero and no player tracking card is inserted.

[0087] Once the list is formed, the list is sorted by distance from the user based upon the gaming machine location table in the Business Intelligence System. The nearest gaming machine matching is then presented on the screen, if it is visible, by a vertical arrow icon pointing at the gaming machine. In some embodiments the arrow icon is flashing. In another aspect of one embodiment, if the nearest matching gaming machine is off of the screen, a horizontal arrow is displayed that indicates which way the player should rotate themselves to bring the matching gaming machine into view. As the player rotates himself, holding the phone in front of him, the arrow position is updated, and eventually replaced by a vertical arrow pointing directly at the gaming machine.

[0088] In one embodiment of a gaming system having augmented reality viewing capabilities, “Platinum” players (or other selected players) are presented with another option when all gaming machines of a particular type are in use, or the player has a particular favorite machine. These players may be given the option to “pre-reserve” a gaming machine or game, such that they will be informed by the augmented reality application the moment that their game, or favorite machine, becomes free. At this point, the gaming machine in question will be reserved for a period of time, using the PIN method described above.

[0089] Referring now to FIG. 10, an embodiment of a gaming system having augmented reality viewing capabilities shows yet another feature. As mentioned above, players may register affinities to other players. In this example, as well as being able to find their friends or spouse, the player may choose to find the same game (at a different gaming machine) they are playing, or possibly sending an instant message (IM) to their friend to be displayed on the friend's gaming machine. In the case of community games, the “Find Available” option may also allow a player to find a free seat in the same community game as their friend.

[0090] Some preferred implementations of the disclosed embodiments use (1) a smart phone for the client that has a GPS or other positioning system, as well as a gyroscope for accurate orientation detection, (2) any suitable web server for communication with the smart phone and registration of players, and (3) OpenCV image analysis software. Additionally, some embodiments provide features that include, by way of example only: (1) enabling players to quickly find objects of interest, (2) increasing casino revenue by helping players find their favorite games quicker, (3) enabling players to reserve games from their phone, (4) leveraging technology that players already have, and (5) utilizing a system that is inexpensive to deploy, since it does not require any new infrastructure. In other aspects, some embodiments provide: (1) the use of the phone as a way of finding objects in a casino, (2) the ability to reserve games from the phone, and unlock the games with a PIN, (3) notification when games become available, and (4) the ability to find other players, and the games that they are playing.

[0091] In another aspect of some embodiments, gaming systems are utilized that include augmented reality gaming capabilities 1100. In such embodiments of the disclosed gaming system, smart phones are utilized that include built-in object recognition technologies and OCR (Optical character recognition) techniques combined with location/orientation derivation to provide players in casinos with additional gaming options and opportunities. In one embodiment of a gaming system that includes augmented reality gaming capabilities 1100, such object recognition technologies and OCR capabilities are similar to those provided by Google's “Goggles” application.

[0092] The overall arrangement of the modules that make up an embodiment of a gaming system that includes augmented reality gaming capabilities 1100 may be seen in FIG. 11. In some embodiments, the gaming system having augmented reality gaming capabilities 1100 consists of an augmented reality gaming application loaded onto a camera-enabled mobile smart phone, a back-end system for assisting the application, and in some scenarios, additional software modules as part of the gaming machine software.

[0093] In one implementation of a gaming system that includes augmented reality gaming capabilities 1100, the gaming process proceeds in the following manner. A player approaches a game machine to play a game (e.g., Joker Poker). Joker Poker is a video poker game in which a player makes a decision about which cards to hold or draw. During the game, the player may reach a point where the player is unsure of the correct strategy with which to proceed. When this point of uncertainty occurs, the player may take out his mobile phone and select the augmented reality gaming assistance application. Next, the player is prompted to point his smart phone's camera to the gaming machine screen. Once the camera is aimed at the screen, the player presses the camera shutter button, and an image is captured (as seen in FIG. 24).

[0094] The augmented reality gaming assistance application transmits the image to the backend server via a 3G (third generation) or GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) encrypted SSL (secure socket layer) session to a public web service and awaits a response. The backend server, using object recognition and OCR technology determines the following from analyzing the image: (1) the paytable of the game, and thus, the game title; (2) the current game state; and (3) the player's credit/bet information. From the first two of these items, all possible strategies are determined by the system. This information, along with the game name and state, is transmitted back to the augmented reality gaming assistance application on the mobile phone over the 3G connection.

[0095] In one embodiment, the augmented reality gaming assistance application may present the information to the player in a number of ways, as shown in FIG. 25. In the example of FIG. 25, the theoretical best choice for the player is presented for the game of Joker Poker, along with information concerning the possible outcomes to the game. Notably, the player is free to experiment on the assistance application of the player's smart phone, selecting and de-selecting potential cards to hold. During this process, the odds are presented below the cards, as the cards are being updated to reflect the current scenario (e.g., after each selection/de-selection).

[0096] While the augmented reality gaming assistance application is clearly useful for beginner players, the application is also useful for more expert players by taking into account progressive jackpots which may cause strategy to vary depending upon the current progressive amount. Furthermore, the augmented reality gaming assistance application provides additional benefits whenever variables are added to games, such as a wild card, or when more complex odds are associated with the outcome of a game.

[0097] In some embodiments of the gaming system having augmented reality gaming capabilities 1100, once the game title is determined, other information can also be made available by the phone application. For example, links to tutorials, discussion forums and social networking sites specific to the game may be offered. Such tutorials may take into account the current state of the game and offer context-sensitive help.

[0098] In other, more sophisticated, embodiments of the gaming system that include augmented reality gaming capabilities 1100, the gaming process proceeds in the following manner. While the video poker example presented above provides the content on the player's smart phone related to the game, these above-described embodiments do not augment the output of the gaming machine directly. However, in more sophisticated embodiments of the gaming system that includes augmented reality gaming capabilities 1100, an augmented display captures the output from the gaming machine via the camera in the phone, and overlays virtual graphics on the smart phone's display that either (1) appear to be on the gaming machine display when viewed via the mobile phone, or (2) augment the gaming machine display with elements that indicate points of interest on the gaming machine.

[0099] Referring now to FIG. 12, one embodiment of a gaming system having augmented reality gaming capabilities 1100 that illustrates how an augmented feature may be deployed is shown. Firstly, a player associates the gaming machine being played with the phone he is holding. This association may be accomplished in a number of ways, two of which are described below. In the first association technique, the gaming machine begins displaying calibration marks at the corner of the LCD display, or in other unobtrusive positions, once the augmented session has begun. An example of these calibration marks is shown in FIG. 15. Continuing, as the player holds the camera of the smart phone up in front of the gaming machine, the application-controlled camera captures the image of the gaming machine, including the game LCD output. Since it is unlikely that the player will be holding the camera directly parallel to the LCD, the image of the LCD will likely be slightly trapezoidal, as shown in FIG. 16.

[0100] Referring now to FIG. 17, the object recognition system takes this image and extracts the calibration marks. In some embodiments, the object recognition system uses a standard object recognition algorithm. Notably, this amount of computation is well within the real-time capability of today's modern smart phone. If more advanced computational processing is required for some reason, the object recognition algorithm may be run by transmitting the image to the backend server, where the image may be processed. This is not the preferred solution due to the time taken to transmit the image would likely interfere with real-time overlay by producing significant lag. In a more preferred embodiment, once the calibration marks are decoded, the mobile phone application overlays images at suitable points on the camera-derived image. The techniques for achieving this image overlay are described above with respect to the gaming system having an augmented reality venue 300.

[0101] Referring now to FIG. 23, an example of potential context-sensitive help being overlaid at the correct position on the camera image is shown. In such an embodiment of the gaming system having augmented reality gaming capabilities 1100, a player is assigned a “lucky” symbol for a feature. In some embodiments, the determination of this symbol is based upon past performance by the player of this game, past performance of the machine, a hashing algorithm based upon the player's name or telephone number, or combinations thereof. Continuing, when the player reaches the selection stage of the feature, the player uses the augmented reality application on his smart phone to take a photo or video and receive the image overlay, as shown in FIG. 23.

[0102] Referring now to FIG. 15, an embodiment of a gaming system having augmented reality gaming capabilities 1100 is shown that includes “data marks” in the captured image. These “data marks” may be displayed at similar locations to calibration marks, or ideally as in FIG. 15, they may be embedded within a suitable graphic. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 15, the data marks are the Dragon's eyes. In one aspect of a disclosed embodiment, a data mark performs by temporally varying the intensity of the pixel(s) that compose it. From the player's perspective, this varying of intensity appears as though the dragon's eyes are flickering. In contrast, an actual flicker typically requires an encoded stream of data. A simple implementation uses a high intensity pixel to indicate a binary 1, and a low intensity pixel to indicate a binary 0. In some embodiments, multiple data marks are used to increase data throughput.

[0103] By using calibration marks, the overall geometry of the game LCD is known with respect to the camera image. From this geometry, the expected position of the data marks may be derived. In some embodiments, the data marks are utilized as a one-way method of the game communicating with the augmented reality gaming application. In this manner, the data marks may be used for the following purposes: (1) The state of the game may be efficiently communicated (e.g., during free spins, the data marks may cause the phone to augment the display with extra graphical FX). (2) The game may provide “secret hints” to the player via their mobile phone with regard to choices to make during a game. Such features may be constructed such that the hints do not affect the overall hold over time, or simply decrease the hold by a known amount. In one embodiment, players may be targeted who have a consistent record of betting larger. (3) Game play statistics may be encrypted and sent via the data mark and augmented reality gaming application to a secure web service. These statistics may be collected by the manufacturer as an alternative means of collecting marketing data. Notably, in most embodiments, the phone application does not affect the outcome or operation of the underlying game since the communication is only one way.

[0104] In another embodiment of the gaming system having augmented reality gaming capabilities 1100, particular data marks provide a means for a gaming machine manufacturer to potentially track the deployment of games. Historically, there have been problems in some markets of games and machines being resold without the manufacturer's consent. This may potentially result in copy-protection methods being breached. Through the implement of the disclosed gaming system, a manufacturer may make use of the location awareness of a modern smart phone, which then transmits the location of the phone along with data from the data mark, which is capable of uniquely identifying the gaming machine. If the location of the gaming machine is found to be incorrect based upon sales records, corrective action may be taken.

[0105] As noted above, there are a number of methods for establishing an augmented reality gaming session using an embodiment of the disclosed gaming system. As shown in FIG. 13, Bluetooth wireless technology may be used, by installing a Bluetooth radio in the gaming machine and leveraging the existing Bluetooth capabilities of a standard smart phone. In this manner, the selected gaming machine continually broadcasts to suitable Bluetooth devices using known Bluetooth discovery processes. When a handshake is made, the gaming machine determines if the handshake is from the augmented reality gaming application or from another source. If the handshake is from another source, the gaming machine sends a Bluetooth text message giving instructions on how to download the augmented reality gaming application.

[0106] Referring now to FIG. 18, once the gaming system is in communication with the augmented reality gaming application, the game information and state is sent to the application. This enables the augmented reality gaming application to display a menu such as shown in FIG. 19. In some embodiments, updated state information may be continually sent by Bluetooth rather than by the use of data marks or OCR throughout the session. This configuration provides the advantage of using Bluetooth. However, this benefit must be balanced against the potential downside of the communication being theoretically two-way, and thus, harder to be approved by certain gaming regulators.

[0107] As described in FIG. 14, an alternative to Bluetooth may be implemented using object recognition from a camera image. Specifically, in such an embodiment, the augmented reality gaming application which is loaded onto the player's smart phone, asks the user to take a photo of the gaming machine. Through the use of known object-recognition algorithms, the name of the game may be extracted. Further information may also be obtained by OCR analysis of the camera image. Specifically, the arrangement of symbols and the values of meters and other states are extracted from the camera image. Moreover, for marketing purposes, this data may be sent by the backend server or by the augmented reality gaming application via an SSL (secure socket layer) session to a secure manufacturer's web service.

[0108] Continuing in this embodiment, once the state of the game is known, an augmented state may be presented to the player via the display screen of the smart phone. For example, in some embodiments where a player is given the choice of three boxes to open, an arrow may appear on the mobile phone display pointing to the box that the player should favor. An example of an image capture from the process of FIG. 14 is shown in FIG. 18. In this embodiment, a player is playing a game called “Burger Run.” Referring now to FIG. 19, a successful determination of the state results is shown in the content of the smart phone's display screen.

[0109] In this embodiment, the smart phone's display screen presents a number of features to the player, including, by way of example only, Game Rules, Games Like This, Progressive Info, Secret Strategy, and Download App. The “Game Rules” feature includes a standard pay table, videos demonstrating the features present in the game, and other general information. Selecting the “Games Like This” feature presents a list of games that were similar to a previously-played game, based upon denomination, volatility, and/or other factors. The “Progressive Info” feature is described in further detail below. In some embodiments, the “Secret Strategy” feature refers a player to one or more social networking sites where players may debate and propose strategies for the current game. The “Secret Strategy” feature may also provide context-sensitive help that is overlaid at the correct position on the camera image as described above in FIG. 23, to give the player the feeling that he may have an edge on the game. The “Secret Strategy” feature may also present time-limited bonuses that are currently available at this gaming machine (e.g., Power Winners promotions that are currently near the location of the smart phone).

[0110] In another aspect of some embodiments, the “Download App” feature enables a player to download a “fun” version (i.e., non-gambling version) of the game onto their phone. Otherwise stated, in such an embodiment, the gaming system having augmented reality gaming capabilities 1100 enables players to simply take a photo of games they wish to have on their smart phone, and have them automatically downloaded for continued future use.

[0111] Referring again to the “Progressive Info” feature, this feature is further illustrated in FIGS. 20-22. Specifically, FIG. 20 illustrates a logic flow diagram of a process to present progressive rating. In one embodiment, FIG. 21 illustrates a smart phone in the process of acquiring progressive information for progressive value decoding. As with video poker, the gaming system having augmented reality gaming capabilities 1100 enables a player to take a photo of a progressive game. Continuing, as shown in FIG. 22, the mobile phone application or the backend server analyzes the current state of the meters to determine the current favorability of playing the game. This analysis is done by using the known meter positions within the captured LCD image (which may be derived by looking up the meter positions for a particular game once the game title itself has been derived using the processes in FIG. 13 or FIG. 14).

[0112] In some embodiments, the images at the meter positions are passed to an OCR (Optical Character Recognition) algorithm to determine the current progressive values. These values are then checked for sanity (i.e., if the values read are out-of-range for what may be expected, there may likely by either a problem with the image capture or with the installed progressive game). The values are then compared against their associated range, and a rating is determined. Otherwise stated, a progressive may have a range with a maximum expected value of $100, and a minimum of $90. If the current value read is $99.50, one would expect this progressive to be likely triggered comparatively soon. This result would also cause a high rating to be given.

[0113] In another embodiment of the gaming system having augmented reality gaming capabilities 1100, if the progressive is open-ended and does not have a maximum value, then the rating may be determined based upon the theoretical hold of the game based upon its current progressive states. In this manner, higher progressive values lead to a higher theoretical hold. In the case of multiple progressives, each rating may be shown individually, or combined into either an average or maximum rating. A maximum rating shows the rating of only the likeliest progressive to hit. Once determined, the rating is shown to the player, an example of which is shown in FIG. 22. In such an embodiment, progressive games are given a rating equivalent to the widely known Homeland Security warning system. Like its security counterpart, the rating may be configured such that the “low” rating is never chosen.

[0114] Notably, the use of calibration marks or a Bluetooth for determining the gaming machine screen position and orientation in a captured image is not necessary. In some embodiments of the gaming system having augmented reality gaming capabilities 1100, the game title may be determined by OCR or object recognition. In this manner, the fixed geometry and small set of possible images in a game may be used to quickly and accurately determine which game is present. Once the game title is determined, the known structure of the game display may be used in place of calibration marks. For example, in one embodiment, the game shown in FIG. 15 has touch screen buttons in the lower corners marked “Cash Out” and “Spin,” which may be detected by object recognition and used as fixed points in the same way that the calibration marks would be used. Finally, in still another embodiment, techniques disclosed with respect to augmented reality gaming may be used as a way of augmenting a conventional stepper based game in the way that LCD overlays have been used. In this manner, a complex winning line arrangement may be shown on the mobile phone screen.

[0115] Some preferred implementations of the disclosed embodiments use (1) a smart phone for the client, (2) any suitable web server for communication with the smart phone and for the registration of players, and (3) OpenCV image analysis software. Additionally, some embodiments provide features that include, by way of example only: (1) new bonus concepts, (2) quick, intuitive processes for players to obtain help, downloadable games, or other enhancements, (3) scale-ability from no interaction with the game to full interaction with the game, (4) delivering content to augment a regulated game with a comparatively unregulated mobile phone application, which cannot affect the regulated game, (5) leveraging existing technology, and (6) requiring no new infrastructure. In other aspects, some embodiments provide: (1) the use of object recognition and OCR to deliver augmented content overlay of an existing game, (2) the ability to overlay of content based upon one-way communication from gaming machine (data marks), and (3) a unique method of tracking potential license violations by casino users.

[0116] In another aspect of some embodiments, gaming systems are utilized that include mobile gaming capabilities 2600. In such embodiments of the disclosed gaming system, smart phones are utilized that include built in object recognition technologies and OCR (Optical character recognition) techniques combined with location/orientation derivation to provide players in casinos with additional gaming options and opportunities. In one embodiment of a gaming system that includes mobile gaming capabilities 2600, the gaming system leverages the possession by players of smart phones to enable the manufacturer to build profiles of players and target valuable players for promotions of key products of the manufacture.

[0117] Referring now to FIGS. 26-28, the overall arrangement of the modules that make up an embodiment of a gaming system having mobile gaming capabilities 2600 is shown. In some embodiments of the gaming system having augmented reality gaming capabilities 2600, the gaming process proceeds in the following manner. A player downloads the “iBonus” application from an Application Store (e.g., a gaming manufacturer's application store, the Apple Application store, the Goggle Application Store, or the like) onto their smart phone. The player uses the iBonus application to enroll in the iBonus system. The iBonus application then displays a list of targeted promotions.

[0118] In one embodiment, a promotion may be “Hit 3 Cash Spin symbols to win a free Cash Spin t-shirt.” The player then goes to the casino and plays Cash Spin. Once the player meets the requirements of the promotion, such as by hitting a combination that includes three Cash Spin symbols, the player takes out their phone, selects the iBonus application, and uses the inbuilt camera (controlled by the iBonus application) to take a photo of the game result. The iBonus Application securely transmits the photo to a web service, where the photo is analyzed to confirm that the player has indeed met the terms of the promotion. Once confirmed, the player is awarded the bonus by mail or electronically.

[0119] Referring now to FIG. 29, an embodiment is shown that displays the general arrangement of logical modules in the gaming system having mobile gaming capabilities 2600. These modules include, by way of example only, and not by way of limitation: Player Value Tracking, Player Registration, Player Web Interface, Bonus Match, Bonus Award, Bonus Rule Creation, and Image Analysis.

[0120] Regarding the Player Value Tracking feature of the gaming system having mobile gaming capabilities 2600, as players register, they are added to a database managed by the Player Value Tracking module. Initially, a player is assigned a zero value. Otherwise stated, the player will be offered bonuses available to all other players in their demographic (such as location/jurisdiction or age). As players participate in the bonus system their value may go up based upon their average bet, and thus they may be offered higher value, more targeted bonuses. The important difference between this module and a conventional player tracking system is that instead of each wager made by the player contributing to the value, this system only tracks events captured by the mobile phone application, which are generally bonus-qualifying wins.

[0121] Referring now to the Player Registration feature of the gaming system having mobile gaming capabilities 2600, the player registration module handles the creation of new records for the Player Value Tracking system. Since fraud prevention is an important facet of the disclosed gaming system, the player registration module generally requires some identification data to ensure that players do not register multiple accounts. A simple way to achieve this is to use an online service such as an online Application Store as a means of downloading the smart phone application. After being downloaded, each application may be electronically “fingerprinted” so as to be tied to one smart phone account and/or smart phone, without requiring payment from the player.

[0122] Regarding the Player Web Interface feature of the gaming system having mobile gaming capabilities 2600, the player web interface provides some other important functionality, in addition to providing a portal to the Player Registration module. Initially, the web interface provides general advertising of the iBonus system and current promotions within. This advertising may also be accessed from the smart phone application. Furthermore, the web interface provides the ability to push updates to the smart phone application. As an anti-hacking measure, the software and encryption keys on the smart phone are periodically updated to increase the cost of reverse engineering the communication protocol beyond the economic value of any bonuses fraudulently earned.

[0123] Referring now to the Bonus Match feature of the gaming system having mobile gaming capabilities 2600, once an image or image set has been analyzed to determine the state of the gaming machine at capture time, the correct bonus to be awarded can be calculated. In this manner, the Bonus Match module parses the list of possible bonuses to generate a list of matching bonuses. It is expected that each possible bonus record would include some or all of the following fields, including but not limited to: Type of bonus, Game Identifier, Game qualifying conditions, Bet qualifying conditions, Geographic restrictions, Demographic restrictions, Time restrictions, and Quantity.

[0124] In some embodiments of the gaming system having mobile gaming capabilities 2600, the “Type Of Bonus” may be physical or virtual. A physical bonus may be an item such as a t-shirt or a prepaid debit card, while a virtual bonus may be loyalty points that can be redeemed for physical items or funds. In another aspect of some embodiments, the “Game Identifier” is the name of the game being “bonused.” In still another aspect, the “Game Qualifying Conditions” are the symbols or game state that must be matched. For example, in one embodiment, the symbol qualifying condition is “4 or more scatter symbols,” and a game state may be “a win above >$100.” In yet another aspect, the “Bet Qualifying Conditions” are a bonus that may be restricted to a minimum denomination and/or other conditions such as a minimum number of lines played, or a minimum total bet.

[0125] Continuing, in some embodiments of the gaming system having mobile gaming capabilities 2600, the “Geographic Restrictions” file includes some combination of cell tower identifier, reverse DNS lookup, and GPS address to restrict the eligibility of some bonuses. In another aspect of some embodiments, the “Demographic Restrictions” file includes some bonuses that are available to players in certain demographic groups such as age-ranges. In still another aspect, the “Time Restrictions” field includes bonuses that may be only available at certain times of the week or for a fixed length of time. Finally, in yet another aspect of one embodiment, the “Quantity” filed includes the ability to set a limit on the number of redemptions before the bonus expires.

[0126] Desirably, the combining of these attributes enables a manufacturer to generate some interesting promotion types. For example, in some embodiments, the manufacturer may choose to offer an “ad-hoc” tournament to certain players. In such an embodiment, the players are sent a message telling them, for example, that if the players play “Cash-Spin” from 7:30 PM to 11:30 PM on Independence Day, the first fifty players to hit the Cash Spin will be awarded an extra prize.

[0127] In another embodiment of the gaming system having mobile gaming capabilities 2600, tournaments are formed by having bonus awards predicated upon the highest wins by players participating over a period of time. For example, in one embodiment, the manufacturer sends a message to targeted players, informing the players that the highest win on a Blazing 7s game between 8:00 PM and 9:00 PM on Tuesday will win a bonus of $1000. In such a scenario, each player participating during this time would be encouraged to take photos of significant wins, and at the end of the period the player with the highest win submitted would win the bonus. Notably, as shown in FIG. 30, the smart phone application may also be used to enter the tournament. Next, updates would be pushed to all of the smart phones of the participating players every time the leader board changed, thus enabling the players to monitor their positions in the tournament rankings. At the completion of the tournament, any awards may be notified directly to players through the smart phone application.

[0128] Referring now to FIG. 29, the Bonus Match Module interfaces with the Player Value Tracking module in that all data captured by the Bonus Match Module (e.g., the arrangement of symbols, denomination, current credits played) are passed to the Player Value Tracking module so that a history of interaction for each player may be generated. This data may be used to compute an average bet for a player (and thus their value to casinos) and also to determine the particular game types (e.g., 1 c high volatility) that a player prefers to play.

[0129] Referring now to the Bonus Award module of the gaming system having mobile gaming capabilities 2600, this module performs the function of distributing awards to players. In one more basic embodiment, players may be awarded physical awards such as t-shirts or prepaid debit cards, which may be mailed out to the players. In another aspect of some embodiments, a loyalty points program is implemented that enables players to accumulate points to be redeemed for larger awards.

[0130] Regarding the Bonus Rule Creation feature of the gaming system having mobile gaming capabilities 2600, each bonus is constructed from a set of rules such as those described above. In some embodiments, bonuses may be created from these rules by using a GUI (graphical user interface). However, in other embodiments, Business Intelligence may be used to target the players who would benefit from some bonuses. In one such embodiment, if a manufacturer launches “Cash Spin 2”, the manufacturer may target players who had previously won a bonus playing “Cash Spin” as being eligible for a special bonus opportunity.

[0131] Referring now to the Image Analysis module of the gaming system having mobile gaming capabilities 2600, the processes of this module are shown in FIG. 31. The image analysis module performs two major functions: (1) determination of the arrangement of symbols present in the photo taken by the player; and (2) detection of attempted fraud. In some embodiments, the first task that the image analysis module performs upon receiving an image from the smart phone application is the extraction of the symbol matrix from the image. Standard image analysis techniques are utilized, such as the OpenCV software library. In one aspect of this embodiment, the image analysis has copies of all of the candidate symbol images that may be detected. From this library of images, the arrangement of symbols on screen may be determined. Notably, in another embodiment, manual intervention may be used. In such an embodiment, a person located at a manufacturer's office quickly analyzes a photo and enters the arrangement of symbols into the Image Analysis system.

[0132] In another aspect of the gaming system having mobile gaming capabilities 2600, additional data may be sent from the smart phone to assist in automatic image analysis. The smart phone location (i.e., “geotag”) information may be used to narrow down the number of possible games against which to compare. Such a location may be determined by various combinations of the phone's GPS position, IP address, and/or smart phone tower location.

[0133] Referring now to FIG. 32, one embodiment of the gaming system 2600 is shown that illustrates how a gaming machine screen image may be processed from a photo taken by a smart phone camera. Initially, the screen image is extracted. Next, the screen image is transformed by a reverse perspective (or keystone) transformation.

[0134] In some embodiments, to assist the keystone transformation of the image, the orientation of the smart phone is determined by reading the smart phone's accelerometer values at the instant the image is captured. Typically, the accelerometer values indicate orientation about the x, y and z axis. While rotation about the vertical (y) axis is only useful if the orientation of the gaming machine cabinet is known (which may be possible if the location of the camera is known precisely enough), rotation about the x and z axis may be used to reduce the complexity of the transformation required, given that the orientation of the gaming machine screen for a particular cabinet is a known constant about the x and z axis. In this manner, reducing the transform to one axis makes determining the “best fit” relatively straightforward. Once the extent of the gaming machine screen is determined in the image, the angle of rotation of the top or bottom of the gaming machine screen from the horizontal is all that is needed to compute the reverse perspective transformation.

[0135] Furthermore, FIG. 32 also illustrates another feature of certain manufacturer-specific games. In this feature, the symbols constituting a win flash are otherwise animated in the event of a win. To compensate for the difficulty this may add to determining the arrangement of symbols, the following steps are taken. Initially, the Image Analysis module has access to every frame of animation of each animated symbol. In this manner, each frame is used to compare against candidate sub-images. Next, the smart phone application takes multiple photos when the player presses the “Take Picture” (or similar) button. These photos are spaced in time such that at least a half a cycle of the known symbol flash time (approximately ten frames or one-third of a second) elapses between consecutive captures. In the event that the symbol matrix cannot be determined from the first image captured, the second and subsequent captures are used to fill in any blanks. In another aspect, multiple image capture is also used as part of the fraud detection strategy described below.

[0136] Referring again to FIG. 31, the image captured is analyzed to determine the state of the game with respect to the current denomination being played, current play line configuration, amount bet, and credits available. These values are preferably determined by the use of known OCR (Optical Character Recognition) techniques in conjunction with templates available to the Image Analysis module. The Image Analysis module describes where on the primary gaming machine LCD screen the meter values may be expected to be located. Notably, in another embodiment, manual intervention may be used. In such an embodiment, these values are extracted for the purpose of ensuring that bonus conditions may be met, to help prevent fraud (as described in further detail below), and for passing to the Player Value Tracking system.

[0137] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 32, since the game is known to have progressive meters displayed on the screen, these meters are also extracted. Once the symbol matrix and meter values have been determined, they are passed (along with any geographic identification) to the Bonus Match module. If no bonus condition has been met, the player is informed accordingly. In the event that the symbol matrix was not captured correctly, this gives the player another chance to take a photo.

[0138] In another aspect of the gaming system having mobile gaming capabilities 2600, if a bonus condition has been met, the image(s) is further analyzed for the purposes of player value tracking and fraud detection. Typically, the first task of the fraud detection method is the analysis of the symbol matrix to ensure that the matrix is valid. One non-limiting embodiment is illustrated by the following result:

[0139]

	Reel 1	Reel 2	Reel 3	Reel 4	Reel 5
Line 2	KING	KING	KING	KING	ACE
Line 1	NINE	SEVEN	QUEEN	KING	JACK
Line 3	ACE	NINE	KING	SEVEN	JACK

[0140] In this non-limiting exemplary embodiment, a player is eligible for a bonus if the player has four Kings in a line. However, the player is only awarded the bonus in this scenario if they have elected to play at least two lines. Furthermore, the following checks are performed to prevent a hacker trying to subvert the process.

[0141] In the first hacker prevention step, each of the reel segments is compared against every legal reel strip for this particular game to ensure that they are possible. For example, if there is no known reel strip for reel 4 that contains a sequence of “KING KING SEVEN”, then this configuration may be identified as illegal. Accordingly, a suspicious notification may be generated. In another aspect, games may have different reel strips in different jurisdictions, which in conjunction with the known geographic position of the smart phone may be used to limit the possible legal strips. If the reel segments are found to be valid, the game configuration (in terms of hold) may also be determined to be valid. As such, the game configuration may be passed as data to the Player Value Tracking module for later business intelligence methods, with respect to the evaluation of the success of different holds for games.

[0142] In the second hacker prevention step, the winning amount won by the player as represented on the screen and extracted above (along with the associated bet value) is validated against the known pay table to ensure the winning amount has not been faked. Continuing, in the next hacker prevention step, the progressive meters, if present, are compared against the known legal ranges. In the case of wide-area-progressives, where the values of the progressives are known for a given time, the time stamp of the image is used to determine the expected progressive values. If the progressive meter values are not within a small range of these expected values, the bonus may be flagged as suspicious.

[0143] Finally, in yet another hacker prevention step relating to a scenario in which multiple image captures are taken, each image is analyzed in turn to ensure that it is consistent with a correct set of animations for the game result. For example, if it is expected that a winning symbol would flash at a certain rate, the bonus can be flagged as suspicious if this flash is not present in the image and/or the sequence is not captured at the correct rate.

[0144] If an image passes all of these above-described hacker prevention checks, the system will likely conclude that an image has been taken of a legal bonus. A further set of checks are also performed, however, to guard against “replay attacks.” A replay attack occurs when an unscrupulous person takes multiple photos of the bonus triggering game result, and submits the photos as multiple entries, thereby attempting to earn multiple awards.

[0145] In some embodiments, the gaming system 2600 guards against replay attack by comparing the following data obtained from the image against other bonus redemptions for the same game. Such data includes: the arrangement of the symbol matrix, the values of the credit, denomination, bet and win meters, and progressive meters, and the time and geographic location of the bonus being submitted. Regarding the arrangement of the symbol matrix, the odds of two persons hitting the same exact arrangement of paying and non-paying symbols is actually quite high (i.e., in the hundreds of thousands, if not millions to one) for most reasonably high paying game outcomes. With respect to the values of the credit, denomination, bet and win meters, and progressive meters (if present), it is highly unlikely that two bonus winners would have identical values for all of these. Lastly, regarding the time and geographic location of the bonus being submitted, it is highly unlikely that the same winning result would be achieved at the same place and close to the same time. When taken in combination, it is mathematically clear that if two bonus images are submitted that match all of the above, it is likely that fraudulent behavior is the cause of such a result. Once an award attempt passes these hacker prevention checks, the Bonus Award module is signaled to award the bonus, and the smart phone application is signaled to inform the player that the award has been earned.

[0146] As described above, various strategies may be performed to prevent “replay attacks” against the gaming system 2600 in which a number of identical submissions are made by one or more players at a similar time. In this type of fraud, when a player wins, in addition to the winning player submitting their photo, one or more other people around the winning player also take photos of the screen in an attempt to try and also get the prize. Normally, only the first submission of a group of identical game results is awarded the prize, with the subsequent submissions being denied.

[0147] In another fraud-attempt scenario, a player wins a prize on a gaming machine, but before the winning player has a chance to get their phone out, another person behind the winning player (or at an adjacent gaming machine) takes a photo of the winning game screen and submits the photo. To prevent this type of fraud, in a case where multiple submissions are received by the gaming system 2600, if the first submission is taken at a much further distance, or at a significantly more acute angle (as measured by the perspective distortion of the captured image of the reels) to a second submission then the later submission is determined to be the valid one. This analysis may be performed either automatically, or more preferably, with human interaction.

[0148] Referring now to the smart phone application of the gaming system having mobile gaming capabilities 2600, the smart phone application is comprised of a number of smaller modules. In some embodiments, the smart phone application has a user interface that interfaces with the Player Web Interface module. This enables the smart phone application to provide periodic updates with new offers which may be targeted to the player.

[0149] In another aspect, the application also includes an image capture module. The image capture module is activated by the player upon them pressing the “Take Picture” button for a particular offer. In some embodiments, the image capture module controls the in-built camera on the smart phone and displays a copy of the current camera captured image on the phone's display, much like a conventional camera application. Additionally, a button is also presented to the player to be pressed when the display of the gaming machine is roughly centered in the camera view. In another embodiment, no button is used, and image analysis algorithms built into the capture module detect the presence of game symbols in the camera view and immediately begins capturing images. The presence of game meters (read by OCR) or a physical barcode sticker may be used to automatically begin capturing images.

[0150] In some preferred implementations of the gaming system having mobile gaming capabilities 2600, the image capture module reads the values of the accelerometers from the phone and does not capture images unless the phone is relatively stable (i.e., only small amounts of acceleration detected). This assists the player in making a good image capture in the low (in-door) light of a casino. In some embodiments, the auto-focus algorithms of the phone's camera only allow photos to be taken that are sharp. Additionally, as each image is taken it may be analyzed using box filters and Fourier transforms to detect the overall sharpness of the image. The application may also take multiple image captures until an image is taken that is suitably sharp and contains recognizable data (such as meter values) in acceptable areas of the image.

[0151] In one embodiment of the gaming system having mobile gaming capabilities 2600, when a player wishes to submit a result, the player activates the capture function. After activation, the player starts to receive a live feed of the images being received by the phone's camera on the phone's display, which allows the player to see what they are about to capture. For example, as shown in FIG. 32A, a live camera image of a gaming machine screen is displayed. Referring next to FIG. 32B, alignment boxes may be seen that are used by the player to overlay onto the live camera image. FIG. 32C shows the alignment boxes overlaid onto the live camera image that was displayed in FIG. 32A in the manner of a heads up display.

[0152] One purpose of the alignment boxes is to make it very easy for a player to know how to align his camera. Another purpose of the alignment boxes is to ensure that other data (such as meter values) will also be captured for hacker detection or player tracking purposes. In this manner, the alignment boxes are sized dependent upon the individual game and are small enough to ensure the data around the reels is also captured. Notably, the “three alignment box” example shown in FIGS. 32A-32C is a single non-limiting example. In other embodiments, one large box encompassing all three reels may be used. In still another embodiment, a cross hair graphic may be utilized that is aligned with the center of the middle reel.

[0153] In another aspect of the gaming system, the Image Encoder module in the smart phone application encodes the image for transmission to the Image Analysis Module. Since the link between the Image Analysis module and the mobile phone is over a public data network such as the internet (in some embodiments), it is important that all communication is encrypted. Furthermore, public key encryption may be used, with server applications only permitting the connection from phones that can prove to be authorized to participate in the bonus system by means of a digital signature. To prevent hacking, it is preferred that the smart phone application platform be relatively secure, with the application only being distributed through authorized channels such as the smart phone manufacturer's Application store or the gaming machines manufacturer's website. In some embodiments of the gaming system, encryption keys and methods are periodically updated to make it more difficult for a hacker to insert their own images into the system. Along with the fraud detection methods disclosed above, these hacker prevention modules are configured to make the risk of significant loss very low.

[0154] An alternative for players who do not have access to a smart phone is that casinos or bars may be supplied with phones capable of running the mobile phone application. In the event of a qualifying win, the player calls for assistance and has an attendant or bartender perform the photo verification process.

[0155] In some embodiments of the disclosed gaming system, players may use their smart phone to take a photo of the machine and obtain access to the following capabilities: (a) Tournament across venues (e.g., each player signs in, time limited, and the like); (b) take photo of a game (or barcode) to download a mobile application version of the game; (c) obtain a free copy of the mobile game for winning some trivial amount (which ensures players play a game a minimum amount of time); and (d) take a photo of game to see what gaming machine manufacturer offers are available.

[0156] Some preferred implementations of the disclosed embodiments use (1) a smart phone for the client, (2) any suitable web server for communication with the smart phone and registration of players, and (3) OpenCV image analysis software. Additionally, some embodiments provide features that include, by way of example only: (1) alternative player tracking, bonusing, and a marketing method for gaming manufacturers, (2) the capabilities to work with existing games without requiring any modification, and (3) leveraging existing smart mobile phone infrastructure. In other aspects, some embodiments provide: (1) detection of a win by image analysis, without any access to game code; (2) detection of fraudulent entries by analysis of symbols displayed, meters on the screen, location and time of image taken; (3) capture of multiple images to prevent fraud and also more accurately detect wins; (4) alternative method of determining player value (e.g., using win amounts instead of using coin in); (5) enabling the addition of ad-hoc tournaments to existing games; and (6) enabling the targeted marketing of new games for valuable players.

[0157] In accordance with one or more embodiments, FIGS. 33 and 34 illustrate a gaming machine 400 including cabinet housing 420, primary game display 440 upon which a primary game and feature game may be displayed, top box 450 which may display multiple progressives that may be won during play of the primary or feature game, player-activated buttons 460, player tracking panel 436, bill/voucher acceptor 480, and one or more speakers 490. Cabinet housing 420 is a self-standing unit that is generally rectangular in shape and may be manufactured with reinforced steel or other rigid materials which are resistant to tampering and vandalism. Cabinet housing 420 houses a processor, circuitry, and software (not shown) for receiving signals from the player-activated buttons 460, operating the games, and transmitting signals to the respective displays and speakers. Any shaped cabinet may be implemented with any embodiment of gaming machine 400 so long as it provides access to a player for playing a game. For example, cabinet 420 may comprise a slant-top, bar-top, or table-top style cabinet. The operation of gaming machine 400 is described more fully below.

[0158] In another aspect of one embodiment, the plurality of player-activated buttons 460 may be used for various functions such as, but not limited to, selecting a wager denomination, selecting a game to be played, selecting a wager amount per game, initiating a game, or cashing out money from gaming machine 400. The Buttons 460 functions to input mechanisms and may include mechanical buttons, electromechanical buttons or touch screen buttons. Optionally, a handle 485 may be rotated by a player to initiate a game.

[0159] In other embodiments, buttons 460 may be replaced with various other input mechanisms known in the art such as, but not limited to, a touch screen system, touch pad, track ball, mouse, switches, toggle switches, or other input means used to accept player input. For example, one input means is a universal button module as disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/106,212, entitled “Universal Button Module,” filed on Apr. 14, 2005, which is hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference. Generally, the universal button module provides a dynamic button system adaptable for use with various games and capable of adjusting to gaming systems having frequent game changes. More particularly, the universal button module may be used in connection with playing a game on a gaming machine and may be used for such functions as selecting the number of credits to bet per hand. In other embodiments, a virtual button deck may be used to provide similar capabilities. An example of a virtual button deck is disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/938,203, entitled, “Game Related Systems, Methods, and Articles That Combine Virtual and Physical Elements,” filed on Nov. 9, 2007, which is hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference.

[0160] Cabinet housing 420 may optionally include top box 450 which contains “top glass” 452 comprising advertising or payout information related to the game or games available on gaming machine 400. Player tracking panel 436 includes player tracking card reader 434 and player tracking display 432. Voucher printer 430 may be integrated into player tracking panel 436 or installed elsewhere in cabinet housing 420 or top box 450.

[0161] Game display 440 presents a game of chance wherein a player receives one or more outcomes from a set of potential outcomes. For example, one such game of chance is a video slot machine game. In other aspects of the invention, gaming machine 400 may present a video or mechanical reel slot machine, a video keno game, a lottery game, a bingo game, a Class II bingo game, a roulette game, a craps game, a blackjack game, a mechanical or video representation of a primary wheel game or the like.

[0162] Mechanical or video/mechanical embodiments may include game displays such as mechanical reels, wheels, or dice as required to present the game to the player. In video/mechanical or pure video embodiments, game display 440 is typically a CRT or a flat-panel display in the form of, but not limited to, liquid crystal, plasma, electroluminescent, vacuum fluorescent, field emission, or any other type of panel display known or developed in the art. Game display 440 may be mounted in either a “portrait” or “landscape” orientation and be of standard or “widescreen” dimensions (i.e., a ratio of one dimension to another of at least 16×9). For example, a widescreen display may be 32 inches wide by 18 inches tall. A widescreen display in a “portrait” orientation may be 32 inches tall by 18 inches wide. FIG. 34 illustrates an example of a portrait mode game display 440 having widescreen dimensions in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Additionally, game display 440 preferably includes a touch screen or touch glass system (not shown) and presents player interfaces such as, but not limited to, credit meter (not shown), win meter (not shown) and touch screen buttons (not shown). An example of a touch glass system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,942,571, entitled “Gaming Device with Direction and Speed Control of Mechanical Reels Using Touch Screen,” which is hereby incorporated by reference. Furthermore, as described above, game display 440 may include transparent portions which cover and may interact with displays on mechanical reels, as described in U.S. application Ser. No. 12/113,112, entitled, “MECHANICAL REELS WITH INTERACTIVE DISPLAY,” filed on Apr. 30, 2008, which is hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference.

[0163] Game display 440 may also present information such as, but not limited to, player information, advertisements and casino promotions, graphic displays, news and sports updates, or may even offer an alternate game. This information may be generated through a host computer networked with gaming machine 400 on its own initiative, or it may be obtained by request of the player using either (1) one or more of the plurality of player-activated buttons 460; (2) the game display itself, if game display 440 comprises a touch screen or similar technology; (3) buttons (not shown) mounted on game display 440 which may permit selections such as those found on an ATM machine, where legends on the screen are associated with respective selecting buttons; or (4) any player input device that offers the required functionality.

[0164] Cabinet housing 420 incorporates a single game display 440. However, in alternate embodiments, cabinet housing 420 or top box 450 may house one or more additional displays 453 or components used for various purposes including additional game play screens, animated “top glass,” progressive meters or mechanical or electromechanical devices (not shown) such as, but not limited to, wheels, pointers or reels. The additional displays may or may not include a touch screen or touch glass system.

[0165] Referring to FIGS. 35a and 35b, electronic gaming machine 501 is shown in accordance with one or more embodiments. Electronic gaming machine 501 includes base game integrated circuit board 503 (EGM Processor Board) connected through serial bus line 505 to game monitoring unit (GMU) 507 (such as a Bally MC300 or ACSC NT), and player interface integrated circuit board (PIB) 509 connected to player interface devices 511 over bus lines 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 523. Printer 525 is connected to PIB 509 and GMU 507 over bus lines 527, 529. EGM Processor Board 503, PIB 509, and GMU 507 connect to Ethernet switch 531 over bus lines 533, 535, 537. Ethernet switch 531 connects to a slot management system (SMS) and a casino management system (CMS) network over bus line 539. GMU 507 also may connect to the SMS and CMS network over bus line 541. Speakers 543 connect through audio mixer 545 and bus lines 547, 549 to EGM Processor Board 503 and PIB 509. The proximity and biometric devices and circuitry may be installed by upgrading a commercially available PIB 509, such as a Bally iVIEW unit. Coding executed on EGM Processor Board 503, PID 509, and/or GMU 507 may be upgraded to integrate a game having an interactive wheel game as is more fully described herein.

[0166] Peripherals 551 connect through bus 553 to EGM Processor Board 503. For example, a bill/ticket acceptor is typically connected to a game input-output board 553 which is, in turn, connected to a conventional central processing unit (“CPU”) board 503, such as an Intel Pentium microprocessor mounted on a gaming motherboard. I/O board 553 may be connected to CPU processor board 503 by a serial connection such as RS-232 or USB or may be attached to the processor by a bus such as, but not limited to, an ISA bus. The gaming motherboard may be mounted with other conventional components, such as are found on conventional personal computer motherboards, and loaded with a game program which may include a gaming machine operating system (OS), such as a Bally Alpha OS. Processor board 503 executes a game program that causes processor board 503 to play a game. In one embodiment, the game program provides a slot machine game having an interactive wheel feature game. The various components and included devices may be installed with conventionally and/or commercially available components, devices, and circuitry into a conventionally and/or commercially available gaming machine cabinet, examples of which are described above.

[0167] When a player has inserted a form of currency such as, for example and without limitation, paper currency, coins or tokens, cashless tickets or vouchers, electronic funds transfers or the like into the currency acceptor, a signal is sent by way of I/O board 553 to processor board 503 which, in turn, assigns an appropriate number of credits for play in accordance with the game program. The player may further control the operation of the gaming machine by way of other peripherals 551, for example, to select the amount to wager via electromechanical or touch screen buttons. The game starts in response to the player operating a start mechanism such as a handle or touch screen icon.

[0168] The game program includes a random number generator to provide a display of randomly selected indicia on one or more displays. In some embodiments, the random number generator may be physically separate from gaming machine 400. For example, it may be part of a central determination host system which provides random game outcomes to the game program. Thereafter, the player may or may not interact with the game through electromechanical or touch screen buttons to change the displayed indicia. Finally, processor board 503 under control of the game program and OS compares the final display of indicia to a pay table. The set of possible game outcomes may include a subset of outcomes related to the triggering of a feature game. In the event the displayed outcome is a member of this subset, processor board 503, under control of the game program and by way of I/O Board 553, may cause feature game play to be presented on a feature display.

[0169] Predetermined payout amounts for certain outcomes, including feature game outcomes, are stored as part of the game program. Such payout amounts are, in response to instructions from processor board 503, provided to the player in the form of coins, credits or currency via I/O board 553 and a pay mechanism, which may be one or more of a credit meter, a coin hopper, a voucher printer, an electronic funds transfer protocol or any other payout means known or developed in the art.

[0170] In various embodiments, the game program is stored in a memory device (not shown) connected to or mounted on the gaming motherboard. By way of example, but not by limitation, such memory devices include external memory devices, hard drives, CD-ROMs, DVDs, and flash memory cards. In an alternative embodiment, the game programs are stored in a remote storage device. In one embodiment, the remote storage device is housed in a remote server. The gaming machine may access the remote storage device via a network connection, including but not limited to, a local area network connection, a TCP/IP connection, a wireless connection, or any other means for operatively networking components together. Optionally, other data including graphics, sound files and other media data for use with the EGM are stored in the same or a separate memory device (not shown). Some or all of the game program and its associated data may be loaded from one memory device into another, for example, from flash memory to random access memory (RAM).

[0171] In one or more embodiments, peripherals may be connected to the system over Ethernet connections directly to the appropriate server or tied to the system controller inside the EGM using USB, serial or Ethernet connections. Each of the respective devices may have upgrades to their firmware utilizing these connections.

[0172] GMU 507 includes an integrated circuit board, a GMU processor, and memory including coding for network communications, such as the G2S (game-to-system) protocol from the Gaming Standards Association, Las Vegas, Nev., used for system communications over the network. As shown, GMU 507 may connect to card reader 555 through bus 557 and may thereby obtain player card information and transmit the information over the network through bus 541. Gaming activity information may be transferred by the EGM Processor Board 503 to GMU 507 where the information may be translated into a network protocol, such as S2S, for transmission to a server, such as a player tracking server, where information about a player's playing activity may be stored in a designated server database.

[0173] PID 509 includes an integrated circuit board, PID processor, and memory which includes an operating system, such as Windows CE, a player interface program which may be executable by the PID processor together with various input/output (I/O) drivers for respective devices which connect to PID 509, such as player interface devices 511, and which may further include various games or game components playable on PID 509 or playable on a connected network server and PID 509, which is operable as the player interface. PID 509 connects to card reader 555 through bus 523, display 559 through video decoder 561 and bus 521, such as an LVDS or VGA bus.

[0174] As part of its programming, the PID processor executes coding to drive display 559 and provides messages and information to a player. Touch screen circuitry interactively connects display 559 and video decoder 561 to PID 509, such that a player may input information and cause the information to be transmitted to PID 509 either on the player's initiative or responsive to a query by PID 509. Additionally, soft keys 565 connects through bus 517 to PID 509 and operates together with display 559 to provide information or queries to a player and receive responses or queries from the player. PID 509, in turn, communicates over the CMS/SMS network through Ethernet switch 531 and busses 535, 539 and with respective servers, such as a player tracking server.

[0175] Player interface devices 511 are linked into the virtual private network of the system components in gaming machine 501. The system components include the iVIEW processing board and game monitoring unit (GMU) processing board. These system components may connect over a network to the slot management system (such as a commercially-available Bally SDS/SMS) and/or casino management system (such as a commercially-available Bally CMP/CMS).

[0176] The GMU system component has a connection to the base game through a serial SAS connection and is connected to various servers using, for example, HTTPs over Ethernet. Through this connection, firmware, media, operating system software, or gaming machine configurations can be downloaded to the system components from the servers. This data is authenticated prior to installation on the system components.

[0177] The system components include the iVIEW processing board and game monitoring unit (GMU) processing board. The GMU and iVIEW can be combined into one like the commercially available Bally GTM iVIEW device. This device may have a video mixing technology to mix the EGM processor's video signals with the iVIEW display onto the top box monitor or any monitor on the gaming device.

[0178] In accordance with one or more embodiments, FIG. 36 is a functional block diagram of a gaming kernel 600 of a game program under control of processor board 503, using gaming kernel 600 by calling it into application programming interface (API) 602, which is part of game manager 603. The components of game kernel 600, as shown in FIG. 36, are only illustrative and should not be considered limiting. For example, the number of managers may be changed, additional managers may be added or some managers may be removed without deviating from the scope and spirit of the invention.

[0179] As shown in the example, there are three layers: a hardware layer 605; an operating system layer 610, such as, but not limited to, Linux; and a game kernel layer 600 having game manager 603 therein. In one or more embodiments, the use of a standard operating system 610, such a UNIX-based or Windows-based operating system, allows game developers interfacing to the gaming kernel to use any of a number of standard development tools and environments available for the operating systems. This is in contrast to the use of proprietary, low-level interfaces which may require significant time and engineering investments for each game upgrade, hardware upgrade, or feature upgrade. The game kernel layer 600 executes at the user level of the operating system 610, and itself contains a major component called the I/O Board Server 615. To properly set the bounds of game application software (making integrity checking easier), all game applications interact with gaming kernel 600 using a single API 602 in game manager 603. This enables game applications to make use of a well-defined, consistent interface, as well as making access points to gaming kernel 600 controlled, where overall access is controlled using separate processes.

[0180] For example, game manager 603 parses an incoming command stream and, when a command dealing with I/O comes in (arrow 604), the command is sent to an applicable library routine 612. Library routine 612 decides what it needs from a device, and sends commands to I/O Board Server 615 (see arrow 608). A few specific drivers remain in operating system 610's kernel, shown as those below line 606. These are built-in, primitive, or privileged drivers that are (i) general, (ii) kept to a minimum, and (iii) easier to leave than extract. In such cases, the low-level communications is handled within operating system 610, and the contents is passed to library routines 612.

[0181] Thus, in a few cases, library routines may interact with drivers inside operating system 610, which is why arrow 608 is shown as having three directions (between library utilities 612 and I/O Board Server 615, or between library utilities 612 and certain drivers in operating system 610). No matter which path is taken, the logic needed to work with each device is coded into modules in the user layer of the diagram. Operating system 610 is kept as simple, stripped down, and common across as many hardware platforms as possible. The library utilities and user-level drivers change as dictated by the game cabinet or game machine in which it will run. Thus, each game cabinet or game machine may have an industry standard processor board 505 connected to a unique, relatively dumb, and as inexpensive as possible I/O adapter board 540, plus a gaming kernel 600 which will have the game-machine-unique library routines and I/O Board Server 615 components needed to enable game applications to interact with the gaming machine cabinet. Note that these differences are invisible to the game application software with the exception of certain functional differences (i.e., if a gaming cabinet has stereo sound, the game application will be able to make use of API 602 to use the capability over that of a cabinet having traditional monaural sound).

[0182] Game manager 603 provides an interface into game kernel 600, providing consistent, predictable, and backwards-compatible calling methods, syntax, and capabilities by way of game application API 602. This enables the game developer to be free of dealing directly with the hardware, including the freedom to not have to deal with low-level drivers as well as the freedom to not have to program lower-level managers 630, although lower-level managers 630 may be accessible through game manager 603's interface 602 if a programmer has the need. In addition to the freedom derived from not having to deal with the hardware level drivers and the freedom of having consistent, callable, object-oriented interfaces to software managers of those components (drivers), game manager 603 provides access to a set of upper level managers 620 also having the advantages of consistent callable, object-oriented interfaces, and further providing the types and kinds of base functionality required in casino-type games. Game manager 603, providing all the advantages of its consistent and richly functional interface 602 as supported by the rest of game kernel 600, thus provides a game developer with a multitude of advantages.

[0183] Game manager 603 may have several objects within itself, including an initialization object (not shown). The initialization object performs the initialization of the entire game machine, including other objects, after game manager 603 has started its internal objects and servers in appropriate order. In order to carry out this function, the kernel's configuration manager 621 is among the first objects to be started. The configuration manager 621 has the data needed to initialize and correctly configure other objects or servers.

[0184] The upper level managers 620 of game kernel 600 may include game event log manager 622 which provides, at the least, a logging or logger base class, enabling other logging objects to be derived from this base object. The logger object is a generic logger. Otherwise stated, the logger object is not aware of the contents of logged messages and events. The log manager's (622) job is to log events in non-volatile event log space. The size of the space may be fixed, although the size of the logged event is typically not. When the event space or log space fills up, one embodiment deletes the oldest logged event (each logged event has a time/date stamp, as well as other needed information such as length), providing space to record the new event. In this embodiment, the most recent events are found in the log space, regardless of their relative importance. Further provided is the capability to read the stored logs for event review.

[0185] In accordance with one embodiment, meter manager 623 manages the various meters embodied in the game kernel 600. This includes the accounting information for the game machine and game play. There are hard meters (counters) and soft meters. The soft meters may be stored in non-volatile storage such as non-volatile battery-backed RAM to prevent loss. Further, a backup copy of the soft meters may be stored in a separate non-volatile storage such as EEPROM. In one embodiment, meter manager 623 receives its initialization data for the meters, during startup, from configuration manager 621. While running, the cash-in (624) and cash-out (625) managers call the meter manager's (623) update functions to update the meters. Meter manager 623 will, on occasion, create backup copies of the soft meters by storing the soft meters' readings in EEPROM. This is accomplished by calling and using EEPROM manager 631.

[0186] In accordance with still other embodiments, progressive manager 626 manages progressive games playable from the game machine. Event manager 627 is generic, like log manager 622, and is used to manage various gaming machine events. Focus manager 628 correlates which process has control of various focus items. Tilt manager 632 is an object that receives a list of errors (if any) from configuration manager 621 at initialization, and during game play from processes, managers, drivers, and the like, that may generate errors. A random number generator manager 629 is provided to allow easy programming access to a random number generator (RNG), as an (RNG) is required in virtually all casino-style (gambling) games. The RNG manager 629 includes the capability of using multiple seeds.

[0187] In accordance with one or more embodiments, a credit manager object (not shown) manages the current state of credits (cash value or cash equivalent) in the game machine, including any available winnings, and further provides denomination conversion services. Cash out manager 625 has the responsibility of configuring and managing monetary output devices. During initialization, cash out manager 625, using data from configuration manager 621, sets the cash-out devices correctly and selects any selectable cash-out denominations. During play, a game application may post a cash-out event through the event manager 627 (the same way all events are handled), and using a callback posted by cash-out manager 625, and cash-out manager 625 is informed of the event. Cash-out manager 625 updates the credit object, updates its state in non-volatile memory, and sends an appropriate control message to the device manager that corresponds to the dispensing device. As the device dispenses dispensable media, there typically are event messages being sent back and forth between the device and cash-out manager 625 until the dispensing finishes. After the dispensing finishes, the cash-out manager 625, having updated the credit manager and any other game state (such as some associated with meter manager 623) that needs to be updated for this set of actions, sends a cash out completion event to event manager 627 and to the game application thereby. The cash in manager 624 functions similarly to cash out manager 625, addressing requirements for controlling, interfacing, and managing actions associated with cashing in events, cash in devices, and associated meters and crediting.

[0188] In a further example, in accordance with one or more embodiments, I/O server 615 may write data to the gaming machine EEPROM memory, which is located in the gaming machine cabinet and holds meter storage that must be kept even in the event of power failure. Game manager 603 calls the I/O library functions to write data to the EEPROM. The I/O server 615 receives the request and starts a low priority EEPROM thread 616 within I/O server 615 to write the data. This thread uses a sequence of an 8-bit command, and data writes to the EEPROM device to write the appropriate data in the proper location within the device. Any errors detected are sent as IPC messages to game manager 603. Preferably, all of this processing is asynchronously performed.

[0189] In accordance with one embodiment, button module 617 within I/O server 615, polls (or is sent) the state of buttons every two milliseconds. These inputs are debounced by keeping a history of input samples. Certain sequences of samples are required to detect a button was pressed, in which case the I/O server 615 sends an inter-process communication event to game manager 603 that a button was pressed or released. In some embodiments, the gaming machine may have intelligently distributed I/O which debounces the buttons, in which case button module 617 may be able to communicate with the remote intelligent button processor to retrieve the button events and simply relay them to game manager 603 via IPC messages. In still another embodiment, the I/O library may be used for pay-out requests from the game application. For example, hopper module 618 must start the hopper motor, constantly monitoring the coin sensing lines of the hopper, debounce them, and send an IPC message to the game manager 603 when each coin is paid.

[0190] Further details, including disclosure of lower level fault handling and/or processing, are included in U.S. Pat. No. 7,351,151 entitled “Gaming Board Set and Gaming Kernel for Game Cabinets” and provisional U.S. patent application No. 60/313,743, entitled “Form Fitting Upgrade Board Set For Existing Game Cabinets,” filed Aug. 20, 2001; said patent and provisional application are both fully incorporated herein by explicit reference.

[0191] Referring to FIGS. 37a and 37b, enterprise gaming system 701 is shown in accordance with one or more embodiments. Enterprise gaming system 701 may include one casino or multiple locations and generally includes a network of gaming machines 703, floor management system (SMS) 705, and casino management system (CMS) 707. SMS 705 may include load balancer 711, network services servers 713, player interface (iVIEW) content servers 715, certificate services server 717, floor radio dispatch receiver/transmitters (RDC) 719, floor transaction servers 721 and game engines 723, each of which may connect over network bus 725 to gaming machines 703. CMS 707 may include location tracking server 731, WRG RTCEM server 733, data warehouse server 735, player tracking server 737, biometric server 739, analysis services server 741, third party interface server 743, slot accounting server 745, floor accounting server 747, progressives server 749, promo control server 751, bonus game (such as Bally Live Rewards) server 753, download control server 755, player history database 757, configuration management server 759, browser manager 761, tournament engine server 763 connecting through bus 765 to server host 767 and gaming machines 703.

[0192] The various servers and gaming machines 703 may connect to the network with various conventional network connections (such as, for example, USB, serial, parallel, RS485, and Ethernet). Additional servers which may be incorporated with CMS 707 include a responsible gaming limit server (not shown), advertisement server (not shown), and a control station server (not shown) where an operator or authorized personnel may select options and input new programming to adjust each of the respective servers and gaming machines 703. SMS 705 may also have additional servers including a control station (not shown) through which authorized personnel may select options, modify programming, and obtain reports of the connected servers and devices, and obtain reports. The various CMS and SMS servers are descriptively entitled to reflect the functional executable programming stored thereon and the nature of databases is maintained and utilized in performing their respective functions.

[0193] Gaming machines 703 include various peripheral components that may be connected with USB, serial, parallel, RS-485 or Ethernet devices/architectures to the system components within the respective gaming machine. The GMU has a connection to the base game through a serial SAS connection. The system components in the gaming cabinet may be connected to the servers using HTTPs or G2S over Ethernet. Using CMS 707 and/or SMS 305 servers and devices, firmware, media, operating systems, and configurations may be downloaded to the system components of respective gaming machines for upgrading or managing floor content and offerings in accordance with operator selections or automatically depending upon CMS 707 and SMS 705 master programming. The data and programming updates to gaming machines 703 are authenticated using conventional techniques prior to installation on the system components.

[0194] In various embodiments, any of the gaming machines 703 may be a mechanical reel spinning slot machine, video slot machine, video poker machine, video bingo machine, keno machine, or a gaming machine offering one or more of the above-described games including an interactive wheel feature. Alternately, gaming machines 703 may provide a game with an accumulation-style feature game as one of a set of multiple primary games selected for play by a random number generator, as described above. A gaming system of the type described above also allows a plurality of games in accordance with the various embodiments of the invention to be linked under the control of a group game server (not shown) for cooperative or competitive play in a particular area, carousel, casino or between casinos located in geographically separate areas. For example, one or more examples of group games under the control of a group game server are disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/938,079, entitled “Networked System and Method for Group Gaming,” filed on Nov. 9, 2007, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

[0195] Those skilled in the art will readily recognize various modifications and changes that may be made to the claimed invention without following the example embodiments and applications illustrated and described herein, and without departing from the true spirit and scope of the claimed invention.