US 8,208,995 B2Grant
Method and apparatus for imaging of vessel segments
Issue Date:2012-06-26
•21 Claims
•9 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
An apparatus, method and software arrangement for imaging a surface of a structure that is in contact with an opaque fluid is provided. The apparatus includes an article of manufacture (e.g., a housing), a fluid delivery arrangement and an imaging arrangement. The housing includes an aperture formed in the article of manufacture. The fluid delivery arrangement is configured to deliver a volume of substantially transparent fluid to the aperture formed in the housing. The imaging arrangement is configured to image the surface of the structure using an imaging modality after the volume of the transparent fluid is delivered to the aperture, wherein the imaging arrangement and/or the article of manufacture is translated along the surface of the structure while imaging the surface of the structure.
Metadata
Assignee
- The General Hospital Corporation
Inventors
- Guillermo J. Tearney
- Milen Shishkov
- Brett Eugene Bouma
Application Information
Application Number:US 11/211,483
Filing Date:2005-08-24
Priority Date:2004-08-24
Art Unit:3777
Classifications
IPC:
A61B6/00
Patent Drawings (9 sheets)
Description
Cross-Reference to Related Application(s)
[0001] The present invention claims priority from U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 60/604,138 filed on Aug. 24, 2004, the entire disclosure of which incorporated herein by reference.
Field of the Invention
[0002] The present invention relates to methods and apparatus that use optical radiation for imaging surfaces and, more particularly to a method and apparatus that use optical radiation to image an interior target surface of a blood vessel.
Background Information
[0003] Acute myocardial infarction (“AMI”) is the leading cause of death in the United States and industrialized countries. Research conducted for over the past 15 years has demonstrated that several types of minimally or modestly stenotic atherosclerotic plaques, termed vulnerable plaques, are precursors to coronary thrombosis, myocardial ischemia, and sudden cardiac death. Postmortem studies have identified one type of vulnerable plaque, i.e., the thin-cap fibroatheroma (“TCFA”), as the culprit lesion in approximately 80% of sudden cardiac deaths. Over 90% of TCFA's are found within the most proximal 5.0 cm segment of each of the main coronary arteries (left anterior descending—LAD; left circumflex—LCx; and right coronary artery—RCA). The TCFA is typically a minimally occlusive plaque characterized histologically by the following features: a) thin fibrous cap (<65 μm), b) large lipid pool, and c) activated macrophages near the fibrous cap. It is hypothesized that these features predispose TCFAs to rupture in response to biomechanical stresses. Following the rupture, the release of procoagulant factors, such as tissue factor, create a nidus for thrombus formation and the potential for an acute coronary event. While TCFAs are associated with the majority of AMIs, recent autopsy studies have shown that coronary plaques with erosions or superficial calcified nodules may also precipitate thrombosis and sudden occlusion of a coronary artery.
[0004] Although autopsy studies have been valuable in determining features of culprit plaques, the retrospective nature of these studies may limit their ability to quantify the risk of an individual plaque for causing acute coronary thrombosis. For instance, TCFAs are a frequent autopsy finding in asymptomatic or stable patients, and are found with equal frequency in culprit and non-culprit arteries in acute coronary syndromes. Moreover, disrupted TCFAs have been found in about 10% of non-cardiac deaths. Recent findings of multiple ruptured plaques and increased systemic inflammation in acute patients have challenged the notion of a single vulnerable plaque as the precursor for AMI. A better understanding of the natural history and clinical significance of these lesions may accelerate progress in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of coronary artery disease.
[0005] An exemplary approach to studying the evolution of vulnerable plaques is a non-invasive or intracoronary imaging of individual lesions at multiple points in time. Unfortunately, the microscopic features that characterize vulnerable plaque are not reliably identified by the conventional imaging technologies, such as intravascular ultrasound (“IVUS”), catscan (“CT”), and magnetic resonance imaging (“MRI”). While experimental intracoronary imaging modalities such integrated backscatter IVUS, elastography, angioscopy, near-infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and thermography have been investigated for the detection of vulnerable plaque, it is believed that no method other than optical coherence tomography (“OCT”) has been shown to reliably identify the characteristic features of these lesions.
[0006] OCT is an optical analog of ultrasound that provides high-resolution (˜10 μm) cross-sectional images of human tissue. OCT has been established as an accurate method for characterizing the microscopic features associated with vulnerable plaque. This technology can also be used to quantify macrophage content within atherosclerotic plaque. Intracoronary optical imaging using such technology is safe, and images obtained from patients have features substantially identical to those identified ex vivo. Thus, OCT has the ability to provide a large amount of information about plaque microstructure. This technology may play an important role in improving the understanding of vulnerable coronary plaques in patients.
[0007] Strong attenuation of light in blood may present a significant challenge for intravascular optical imaging methods. To overcome this potential obstacle, intermittent 10 cc flushes of saline through a guiding catheter can provide an average of 2 seconds of clear viewing during which effective images can be captured, as is shown in FIG. 1B . For example, FIG. 1B illustrates an analysis of the time of angiographic lumen attenuation following a 6 cc contrast injection at three separate locations, shown in part A of FIG. 1B . As can be seen from part B of FIG. 1B , the angiographic lumen attenuation following the 6 cc contrast injection at a rate of 3 cc/s demonstrates a complete filling for the duration of the purge (approximately 2 seconds) regardless of the location. Additionally, saline flushing of a blood vessel for a limited duration (for example, less than 30 seconds) is safe, and generally does not result in a myocardial ischemia. This approach can provide exceptional cross-sectionally images of coronary vasculature. However, the combination of the limited flush duration and low image acquisition rate may reduce comprehensive coronary screening.
[0008] One proposed solution has been to change the optical properties of blood. The primary mechanism of optical attenuation in blood is optical scattering. For instance, matching the refractive index of the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets with that of a serum decreases optical scattering. This approach has resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in penetration of OCT when diluting blood with Dextran. Unfortunately, since the optical attenuation of blood is so high, at least a 10-fold improvement would be preferable to allow for effective intracoronary OCT imaging in patients.
[0009] Another proposed solution is to completely occlude the artery, and replace blood with saline. This technique that is commonly deployed in angioscopic imaging requires proximal balloon occlusion. Following vascular occlusion, all of the remaining blood in the vessel is replaced with saline. This conventional method allows a cross-sectional optical imaging of the entire coronary tree. While this procedure is commonly conducted in Japan, the potential for coronary dissection and myocardial ischemia precludes widespread clinical application of this procedure.
[0010] Still another proposed solution is to purge the blood vessel with optically transparent blood substitutes. Blood substitutes that are transparent in the infrared can potentially provide clear imaging for an extended duration. This method has achieved significantly improved imaging in murine myocardium by replacing blood with Oxyglobin. Although these compounds may hold promise for future clinical application, they are not yet approved for human use.
[0011] A further proposed solution is to increase the frame rate of OCT scans. Since the goal is to acquire a sufficient number of images to comprehensively screen coronary arteries, a straightforward approach would be to accept the clear viewing time provided by conventional saline flushing, and increase the frame rate of OCT scans dramatically. Two possibilities exist for increasing the frame rate of OCT scans: a reduction of the number of A-lines per image, and an increase of the radial scan rate.
[0012] Similarly to many imaging methods, OCT images are acquired in a point sampling fashion and are composed of multiple radial scans or A-lines. To increase the image rate, it is possible to reduce the number of A-lines per image by increasing the catheter rotation rate. Image quality degrades rapidly in such case, however, manifested by a decrease in transverse resolution as can be seen in FIG. 1A . For example, image A of FIG. 1A depicts a sample image generated using OCT imaging at a rate of 4 frames per second having 500 A-line scans per frame. Image B of FIG. 1A depicts a sample image generated using OCT imaging at a rate of 40 frames per second having 50 A-line scans per frame. As can be clearly seen, the image quality of Image A far exceeds the image quality of Image B. This degradation is unacceptable for most clinical applications.
[0013] A second possibility is to increase the radial scan rate. For technical reasons specific to the current OCT paradigm, an increase in A-line rate may result in an unacceptable penalty in signal to noise ratio, and thus, images of sufficient quality for accurate diagnosis cannot be obtained.
[0014] Therefore, there is a need to provide a method and apparatus that combine quality imaging of internal surfaces of blood vessels and other biological structures and effective imaging of segments of the internal surfaces of the blood vessels.
Summary of the Invention
[0015] It is therefore one of the objects of the present invention to provide an apparatus and method that combine quality imaging of internal surfaces of blood vessels and other biological structures and effective imaging of segments of the internal surfaces of the blood vessels. Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method that provide quality images of internal surfaces of segments of blood vessels in order to offer an improved understanding of the natural history and clinical significance of these lesions which will accelerate progress in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of coronary artery disease.
[0016] These and other objects can be achieved with the exemplary embodiment of the apparatus, method and software arrangement according to the present invention for imaging a structure that is in contact with an opaque fluid. The exemplary apparatus can include a housing, a fluid delivery arrangement and an imaging arrangement. The fluid delivery arrangement is configured to deliver a volume of further fluid to an external location with respect to the housing. And the imaging arrangement is configured to image the structure after the volume of the further fluid is delivered to the external location, wherein the imaging arrangement is translated along a path which approximately corresponds to an axis of extension of a surface while imaging the structure.
[0017] In another exemplary embodiment of the apparatus, method and software arrangement according to the present invention for imaging a structure that is in contact with an opaque fluid. The exemplary method includes injecting a bolus of transparent or semi-transparent fluid into the vessel, imaging the vessel using rapid circumferential and pull-back imaging to achieve a helical or three-dimensional scan, evaluating image quality during the pull-back, discontinuing imaging when image quality falls below a given level, and taking steps to improve image quality, including repeating the above procedure.
[0018] According to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, apparatus, method and software arrangement are provided for imaging a structure (e.g., a blood vessel) that is in contact with a first fluid. A volume of a second fluid is delivered by a fluid delivery arrangement configured to an external location with respect to, e.g., an article of manufacture (e.g., a housing). The structure can be imaged. e.g., using an imaging arrangement during or after the volume of the second fluid (e.g., a transparent fluid) is delivered to the external location. For example, the imaging arrangement or the article of manufacture can be translated along a path which approximately corresponds to an axis of extension of a surface while imaging the structure. The fluid delivery arrangement can be a pump or syringe that is operatively connected to the article of manufacture a syringe operatively connected to the article of manufacture.
[0019] The article of manufacture can include an aperture formed in the article of manufacture. The fluid delivery arrangement may include a transparent fluid reservoir containing the second fluid, and a delivery conduit having a first end connected to the second fluid reservoir and a second end connected to the aperture of the article of manufacture. The aperture of the housing can be located at a distal end of the housing or adjacent to the imaging arrangement. The imaging arrangement may include a directing arrangement configured to direct light to a surface of the structure, at least one optical fiber operatively connected to the directing arrangement, and an image processing arrangement operatively connected to the at least one optical fiber. The directing arrangement can include optics at the distal end of the imaging arrangement, and/or a lens and a light directing element. Further, the directing element can be an optical arrangement which is configured to alter at least one direction of light, and the optical arrangement is capable of directing the light from a direction substantially parallel to the greater axis of the housing to a direction substantially perpendicular to the greater axis of the article of manufacture. The lens can focus the light approximately 0.5 mm to 5 mm beyond the article of manufacture.
[0020] A rotating arrangement can be provided that is operatively connected to the imaging arrangement, and configured to rotate the imaging arrangement. The rotating arrangement may rotate at a rate of at least above approximately 30 rotations/second and at most approximately 1000 rotations/second. The imaging arrangement may be rotated within the article of manufacture while imaging the structure. A pull-back arrangement can be provided that is operatively connected to the imaging arrangement, and configured to translate the imaging arrangement relative to the article of manufacture. The pull-back arrangement may translate the imaging arrangement at a rate of at least approximately 1 mm/second and at most approximately 100 mm/second, and/or at a rate of approximately 10 mm/second.
[0021] At least a portion of the article of manufacture can be transparent. The imaging modality may be time domain optical coherence tomography, a spectral domain optical coherence tomography or a optical frequency domain imaging. The second fluid can be substantially transparent to radiation utilized by the imaging modality. A guide catheter configured to receive the article of manufacture therein can be provided. The fluid delivery arrangement can deliver the fluid to a proximal end of the guide catheter, and the fluid may flow through an aperture formed through the guide catheter.
[0022] The imaging arrangement can obtain data associated with the structure, and a processing arrangement may provided to receive the data, and capable of controlling at least one of the fluid delivery arrangement and the imaging arrangement as a function of the data. The processing arrangement may control the fluid delivery arrangement or the imaging arrangement based on information previously received by the processing arrangement. The processing arrangement may also control the translation of the imaging arrangement, the fluid delivery of the fluid delivery arrangement, and/or the translation of the imaging arrangement and the fluid delivery of the fluid delivery arrangement. A catheter can be provided which includes the article of manufacture or the imaging arrangement. The fluid delivery arrangement may deliver the second fluid through an internal portion of the catheter. The imaging arrangement may include imaging optics which emit a beam to obtain the image, the beam being transmitted outside of the catheter.
[0023] These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description of embodiments of the invention, when taken in conjunction with the appended claims.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0024] For a more complete understanding of the present invention and its advantages, reference is now made to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0025] FIG. 1A shows images of the interior surface of a blood vessel gathered using OCT imaging at different settings;
[0026] FIG. 1B illustrates an analysis of the time of angiographic lumen attenuation following a contrast injection at three separate locations in a given blood vessel;
[0027] FIGS. 2A-2B show an exemplary embodiment of an imaging catheter for conducting scans of a segment of a blood vessel;
[0028] FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a flow chart depicting a process for gathering information representative of a helical scan of a segment of a blood vessel using the imaging catheter of FIGS. 2A-2B ;
[0029] FIG. 4 shows the imaging catheter of FIG. 2A after retraction of a rotatable inner shaft of the imaging catheter;
[0030] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an enlarged section of the imaging catheter of FIG. 2A as defined by the dashed box A; and
[0031] FIG. 6 shows the imaging catheter of FIG. 2A , enclosed within a guide catheter, whereby a transparent solution is injected into the guide catheter enclosing the imaging catheter.
[0032] Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals and characters, unless otherwise stated, are used to denote like features, elements, components, or portions of the illustrated embodiments. Moreover, while the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the Figures, it is done so in connection with the illustrative embodiments.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments
[0033] FIGS. 2A , 2B, 4, 5 and 6 illustrate various exemplary embodiments of an apparatus for obtaining an image of internal surfaces of a segment of an anatomic structure and FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a method to implant the same. Generally, the exemplary method and apparatus according to the present invention perform a helical scan of the internal surfaces of the segment of the anatomic structure after injecting a bolus of transparent or semi-transparent fluid, so as to obtain an image of the internal surfaces of the segment of the anatomic structure using an imaging modality. Such technique combines the efficacy of the imaging modality and the process of injecting a bolus of transparent or semi-transparent fluid with the beneficial effect of imaging an entire segment of the anatomic structure. The exemplary embodiments of the method and apparatus according to the present invention utilize a further paradigm for imaging that provide a significant increase in the image acquisition rate, while preserving a good image quality. According to one exemplary embodiment, the dramatic increase represents at least an approximately 10-fold increase in the image acquisition rate. With this exemplary technology, comprehensive coronary imaging can be achieved using conventional methods of transparent or semi-transparent fluid flushing in conjunction with automatic catheter pullback. In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, this new paradigm utilizes Optical Frequency Domain Imaging (“OFDI”) as an imaging modality to obtain these images. In another exemplary embodiment, the anatomic structure can be a blood vessel.
[0034] It should be understood that alternate imaging modalities that detect single scattered light, such as time domain OCT and confocal microscopy, can also be used.
[0035] In a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention (as shown in FIG. 2A ), the imaging module 224 utilizes OCT, visible light imaging, spectroscopy and/or thermography. In another exemplary embodiment, the OCT imaging modality used is time-domain OCT (“TD-OCT”), spectral-domain OCT (“SD-OCT”), optical frequency domain imaging (“OFDI”), and/or low-coherence interferometry. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the visible light imaging modality used is intracoronary angioscopy, speckle imaging, fluorescence imaging, and/or multi-photon imaging. In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the spectroscopy modality uses visible light having a spectrum of approximately 0.3-0.7 μm, near infrared light (“NIR”) having a spectrum of approximately 0.7-2.2 μm, infrared light (“IR”) having a spectrum of approximately 2.2-12 μm, Raman scattered light and/or fluorescent light. In a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the imaging module 224 utilizes ultrasound, particularly high-frequency ultrasound having a frequency of at least approximately 20 MHz. In a still further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the imaging assembly 204 includes a lens, mirror and/or prism.
[0036] FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate an exemplary embodiment of an imaging system 200 including a specially modified optical catheter 202 having a distal end 220 and a proximal end 222. The imaging system 200 is capable of imaging long arterial segments by utilizing a rapid acquisition rate of imaging modalities and implementing automated pullback of the imaging catheter 202. These efforts may allow a proximal portion of each main coronary artery (LAD, LCx, and RCA) to be comprehensively imaged with a specific longitudinal image spacing, while administering a safe total amount of transparent or semi-transparent fluid to the patient.
[0037] In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, long arterial portion that is up to 10 cm in length can be examined. In another exemplary embodiment, the long arterial portion of up to 5.0 cm in length can be examined. In still another exemplary embodiment, the proximal portion of each main coronary artery is up to 10 cm in length which is capable of being examined. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the proximal portion of each main coronary artery is up to 5 cm in length which is capable of being examined. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the specific longitudinal imaging spacing is between approximately 100 μm and approximately 150 μm, preferably approximately 125 μm. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the specific longitudinal imaging spacing matches the transverse spot diameter, and is therefore between approximately 15 μm and approximately 35 μm, preferably approximately 25 μm. In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the safe total amount of transparent or semi-transparent fluid is at most 150 cc/artery, and preferably no more than 30 cc/artery. In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the transparent or semi-transparent fluid can be normal saline, ½ normal saline, ¼ normal saline, lactated ringers solution, phosphate buffered saline, blood substitute such as Oxyglobin, and/or coronary contrast media. In a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the imaging system 200 may image segments of any blood vessel including: carotid arteries, iliac arteries, femoral arteries, popliteal arteries, radial arteries, other peripheral arteries and veins.
[0038] Blood presents a challenge for any light-based intravascular imaging modality. As light propagates in blood, certain information is lost due to both scattering and absorption. At a wavelength of approximately 1.3 μm, the combined attenuation due to scattering and absorption can be minimized. Even at this optimal wavelength, however, imaging vascular structure through blood may not be feasible. Particular preferences for imaging may include a high signal-to-noise ratio (“SNR”) and a high image quality requiring substantial amounts of detail. If OCT imaging is utilized as the imaging modality, a large number of A-lines are preferable in each OCT scan. Clear OCT imaging may be achieved for short durations, e.g., on the order of three (3) seconds, by temporarily displacing blood using a bolus injection of transparent or semi-transparent fluid through the catheter 200. Therefore, at an imaging rate of four (4) frames per second, a single transparent or semi-transparent fluid purge may provide approximately 12 high-quality OCT images before blood reenters the field of view.
[0039] In a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the bolus injection of transparent or semi-transparent fluid can introduce approximately between 1 and 50 cc of transparent or semi-transparent fluid into the blood vessel. In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the bolus injection of transparent or semi-transparent fluid introduces approximately 10 cc of transparent or semi-transparent fluid into the blood vessel.
[0040] According to these embodiments, a modified optical catheter 200, probe or other instrument may be inserted into a blood vessel (e.g., artery) to image the vessel. When plaque is located, the probe is moved into the proximity of the specific atherosclerotic plaque. Light reflected from the interior wall of the blood vessels and/or from a plaque is collected and transmitted to a detector 236 of an imaging module 224.
[0041] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, pathologies other than plaque may be imaged, for example, thrombus, dissections, rupture, stents, and the like.
[0042] Referring to FIG. 2A , the specially modified optical catheter 202 may include a rotatable inner shaft 210 and an outer sheath 208. The rotatable inner shaft 210 houses a fiber array 218 and an imaging assembly 204 near the distal end 220 of the catheter 202. The outer sheath 208 includes an aperture 221 formed therethrough. The aperture 221 is connected to a fluid delivery channel 223, which is in turn connected to a fluid pump 225. The fluid pump 225 can cause the injection of a specific volume of transparent or semi-transparent fluid through the fluid delivery channel 223 and out from the aperture 221, thereby displacing the liquid surrounding the distal end 220 of the catheter 202 with the injected bolus. The fiber array 218 of the catheter 202 connects to a rotary junction 212, which is in turn connected to a fixed optical fiber 214 that it extends from the catheter 202 proximally to the imaging module 224. The rotary junction 212 is also connected to a pullback device 215. The pullback device 215 translates the rotatable inner shaft 210 within the outer sheath 208 when instructed by a processor 240 during imaging, such that a helical scan can be generated. FIG. 4 illustrates the catheter 202 after pullback of the rotatable inner shaft 210 has been completed, otherwise the system 200 of FIG. 4 is identical to the system 200 of FIG. 2A . The process 300 by which the imaging system 200 gathers data representative of a helical scan of a section of the blood vessel is illustrated in FIG. 3 , and described in more detail herein.
[0043] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the outer sheath 208 of the catheter 202 is not transparent. For example, during the pull-back the entire catheter 202, the outer sheath 208 is translated through the blood vessel, while the internal shaft 210 rotates. In this exemplary embodiment, the internal shaft 210 is not translated relative to the outer sheath 208. In another exemplary embodiment, the fiber array 218 includes a single fiber. In still another exemplary embodiment, the fiber array 218 includes a number of fibers.
[0044] The catheter 202 can be fabricated using an FDA approved 2.6-3.2 F IVUS catheter. The inner core of the IVUS catheter is capable of rotating and obtaining cross-sectional images at, e.g., 40 frames per second. The ultrasound transducer and conductive wire, which are generally used in the IVUS catheter, may be removed and replaced with the imaging assembly 204, the fiber array 218, the inner shaft 210, the fluid delivery channel 223 and an aperture is formed through the aperture of the outer sheath of the IVUS catheter. The newly provided inner shaft 210 of the IVUS catheter rotates to provide circumferential scanning and may be pulled back for screening a segment of a blood vessel. The transparent outer sheath 208, which incorporates a monorail guide wire (not shown), does not rotate and is plugged at the distal end of the IVUS catheter using an FDA approved polymer. The catheter 202 is also attached to the rotary junction 212.
[0045] In an exemplary embodiment, the catheter 202 includes a rotating optical fiber within a flexible inner cable. The flexible inner cable is contained within an outer transparent housing or sheath. The outer housing may include a monorail guide wire. The rotating optical fiber and the flexible inner cable each have a distal end and a proximal end. The rotating optical fiber and the flexible inner cable are oriented such that the distal end of the rotating optical fiber and the distal end of the flexible inner cable are adjacent to one another, and the proximal end of the rotating optical fiber and the proximal end of the flexible inner cable are adjacent to one another. Distal optics including a lens and a beam directing element are attached to the distal end of the flexible inner cable. An optical rotating junction is provided at the proximal end of the rotating optical fiber. The rotating optical fiber couples a static optical fiber to the rotating optical fiber within the flexible inner cable. The optical rotating junction rotates the rotating optical fiber, the flexible inner cable and the distal optics to provide circumferential optical sampling of the luminal surface of the vessel. The optical fiber, inner flexible cable, and distal optics rotate and an image is obtained for each catheter rotation. The inner optical cable is pulled back longitudinally within the outer transparent housing to form a helical scan of the vessel.
[0046] In an exemplary embodiment, the beam directing element is a prism that directs the beam substantially perpendicular to the catheter axis and the lens focuses the beam to approximately 2 mm from the outer sheath. In another exemplary embodiment, the rotation rate ranges from approximately 10 per second to approximately 100 per second and preferably approximately 30 per second. In still another embodiment, the entire catheter including the transparent outer sheath is pulled back within the lumen of the vessel. In a further preferred embodiment, the pull back rate ranges from approximately 1 mm/second to approximately 20 mm/second and preferably approximately 10 mm/second.
[0047] In an exemplary embodiment, the monorail guide wire is similar to the guide wire as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,350,395, entitled “Angioplasty Apparatus Facilitating Rapid Exchanges,” to Paul G. Yock, issued Sep. 27, 1994, and incorporated herein in its entirety.
[0048] The entire shaft 210 of the catheter 202 can rotate 360 degrees, allowing the catheter 202 to gather images of the subject tissue 250 around the entire circumference of the catheter 202. In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the catheter 202 can obtain images of a plaque around the circumference of an interior vessel wall.
[0049] In operation, a coherent light, such as laser light, is transmitted from a light source 232 via beam-splitter 234, through the fixed optical fiber 214 and central fiber 226 and onto the imaging assembly 204. The light is directed via the imaging assembly 204 to a subject tissue 250 (arrow 206). According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the subject tissue 250 may be a layer of static tissue over a layer of moving tissue, such as an atherosclerotic plaque. The outer sheath 208 can be placed directly in contact with the sample 250 and/or can be positioned at a short distance (e.g., 1 mm to 10 cm) away from the sample. For example, light can enter sample 250, where it is reflected by molecules, cellular debris, proteins, compounds (e.g., cholesterol crystals), and cellular microstructures (such as organelles, microtubules) within the subject tissue 250. Light remitted from the subject tissue 250 (shown by arrows 228 in FIG. 2B , the remainder of FIG. 2B is identical to FIG. 2A ) is conveyed through the imaging assembly 204 to the single optical fiber or fibers of the fiber array 218, and then transmitted by the optical fiber or fiber array 218 to the detection device 236, via the beam-splitter 234. In another embodiment, the device transmitting light to the catheter and receiving light from the catheter is an optical circulator.
[0050] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the fiber array 218 may include one or multiple fibers for detection and illumination. In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the detection may occur using a single fiber. Alternatively, the illumination may occur via a fiber array, where each fiber is selectively illuminated to generate multiple focused spots as a function of position on the subject tissue 250. This exemplary method can provide a scanning of the incident light across the sample, while maintaining the probe in a stationary position. The fibers may be illuminated and/or detected simultaneously or illuminating and/or detecting light from one fiber after another in series.
[0051] The data produced by the detection device 236 may then be digitized by an analog-digital converter 238, and analyzed using imaging procedures executed by the processor 240. The imaging procedures applicable with the exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in U.S. Provisional Patent Appn. No. 60/514,769, entitled “Method and Apparatus for Performing Optical Imaging Using Frequency-Domain Interferometry,” filed Oct. 27, 2003, and International Patent Application No. PCT/US03/02349 filed on Jan. 24, 2003, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. The processor 240 is also operatively connected to the pullback device 216, the rotary junction 212 and the fluid pump 225.
[0052] The diameter of the catheter can be less than 500 μn. Larger diameters may also be utilized within the scope of the present invention.
[0053] Other types of instruments can be used to gather image data. For example, the optics of the catheter 200 can be integrated into other types of instruments, such as endoscopes or laparoscopes. The optics can also form a stand-alone unit passed into the accessory port of standard endoscopes or laparoscopes, and/or integrated into another type of catheter, such as dual-purpose intravascular ultrasound catheter.
[0054] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the detector 236 may be a charge coupled device (“CCD”), a photographic plate, an array of photodetectors, and/or a single detector. In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the light source 232 can illuminate the sample with continuous light, continuous broad bandwidth light, wavelength scanning light, or synchronized pulses.
[0055] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a method/process 300 for gathering data representative of a helical scan if a screening segment of the subject tissue 250 according to the present invention. The process 300 begins in step 301 where the catheter 200 is inserted and positioned within the screening segment of the subject tissue 250. Once the catheter 200 is inserted and positioned properly, the imaging module 232 instructs the fluid pump or operator 225 to inject a bolus of transparent or semi-transparent fluid into the subject tissue 250, in step 302. Depending on the size of the subject tissue 250, the imaging module 232 may alter volume and/or rate of injection of the bolus of transparent or semi-transparent fluid. In an exemplary embodiment, the subject tissue 250 is a blood vessel.
[0056] In step 304, the imaging module 232 determines whether the image received from the imaging assembly 204 is of a sufficient quality to begin scanning the subject tissue 250. If the imaging module 232 determines that the image is not of sufficient quality, the process 300 advances to step 302. Otherwise, the process 300 advances to step 306, where the rotary junction 212 begins rotating the rotatable inner shaft 210 and the pullback device 215 begins pulling back the shaft 210.
[0057] The imaging module 232 determines whether the image received from the imaging assembly 204 is of sufficient quality to begin scanning by attempting to detect the presence of blood. The imaging module 232 makes this determination by measuring the amount of scattering the imaging modality is experiencing and/or by analyzing the spectroscopy registered by the imaging modality. If the imaging modality is OCT, other methods may be used.
[0058] When the imaging module 232 measures the amount of scattering experienced by the imaging modality, the imaging module 232 determines whether the light received from the subject tissue 250 is scattered. Saline and other transparent perfusion liquids do not contain an appreciable amount of scattering. Blood on the other hand, is highly scattering. Due to this effect, a method for determining the presence of blood may be to observe the intensity of the reflection of light back to the catheter. Preferentially, certain wavelengths of light may be used that have the property that the absorption penetration depth is small in both water and blood.
[0059] When the imaging module 232 is utilizing spectroscopy to determine whether blood is present, the imaging module 232 can measure the differential absorption experienced by the imaging modality. Blood adjacent to the subject tissue 250 can be detected by utilizing differential absorption of blood. In blood which is oxygenated, there are several absorption peaks in the visible spectrum, e.g., at 520-590 nm and 800-900 nm. A simple device may obtain the light scattered back from the catheter at these wavelengths, and compare such light to the light scattered back from an adjacent wavelength where blood absorption is low. This comparison can be accomplished by a linear combination of the intensity of light reflected back by the two wavelengths. For example if R(λ1) is the light reflected back to the catheter on the absorption peak and R(λ2) is the light reflected back to the tissue off of the absorption peak, blood can be estimated by several differential/ratiometric combinations of R(λ1) and R(λ2):
[0060]
[0061] The device for delivery and detection can be a simple side firing single or multi-mode optical fiber.
[0062] If the imaging modality is OCT, another method for detecting blood can be used. Since OCT is capable of obtaining a cross-sectional image of the lumen, it is potentially more sensitive to the presence of small amounts of blood than is diffuse spectroscopy. The OCT signal from blood is fairly characteristic, and not commonly observed in other tissues. For example, blood can exhibit a rapid attenuation and a homogeneous appearance. As a result, in one exemplary embodiment, it is possible to process the OCT signal to determine if blood is present. A wide variety of image processing techniques known in the art, such as texture discrimination, pattern recognition, etc. can be used to identify blood. In one embodiment, in order to determine whether blood is present, two parameters are determined: (a) the slope of the logarithm of the OCT axial scan data (attenuation); and (b) the standard deviation of the logarithm of the OCT axial scan data (signal variance). These two parameters can differentiate most human tissue types. Other measures of attenuation and signal variance known in the art can also be utilized to differentiate blood from arterial wall tissue. Other measurements including probability distribution function statistics, Fourier domain analysis, high pass filtering, energy and entropy measurements, edge counting, and N-order moments can be utilized to determine the presence of blood in the lumen of the blood vessel. OCT can be combined with spectroscopy (e.g., performing OCT at two wavelengths), birefringence, and Doppler to further enhance the capability of OCT for identifying blood in the lumen. In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the fluid pump 225 continues injecting the bolus of transparent or semi-transparent fluid during the step 304.
[0063] Turning back to the process 300 of FIG. 3 , in step 308, the imaging module 232 determines whether the image received from the imaging assembly 204 is of sufficient quality to continue scanning the subject tissue 250. If the imaging module 232 determines that the image is of sufficient quality, the process 300 advances to step 306. Otherwise, the process 300 advances to step 310. At step 310, the rotary junction 212 stops rotating the rotatable inner shaft 210, and the pullback device 215 halts the pullback of the shaft 210. If the fluid pump 225 is continuing to inject the bolus of transparent or semi-transparent fluid, the fluid pump 225 is instructed to discontinue injecting the transparent or semi-transparent fluid. If there is catheter motion, the catheter may be advanced or retracted substantially along the longitudinal axis of the vessel prior to the next bolus injection in order to ensure that the subsequent pullback imaging process does not skip over any areas of tissue.
[0064] This process represents a feedback control loop where a measure of image quality is utilized to control the process/conditions under which images are obtained. If the image is not of sufficient quality, action is taken to improve the image quality before additional images are taken. In an exemplary embodiment, when image quality drops below a predetermined measure but image quality is still sufficient to continue imaging, additional transparent or semi-transparent fluid is injected via the fluid pump 225 improving image quality. In another exemplary embodiment, when image quality drops below a predetermined measure and image quality is insufficient to continue imaging, imaging is halted. The feedback control loop may be set up many different ways in order to automate at least a part of the process 300. A wide variety of image processing techniques known in the art, such as texture discrimination, pattern recognition, etc. can be used to determine whether or not image quality of the vessel wall is sufficient to continue imaging.
[0065] In an exemplary embodiment, two parameters are determined: (a) the slope of the logarithm of the OCT axial scan data (attenuation); and (b) the standard deviation of the logarithm of the OCT axial scan data (signal variance). These two parameters can differentiate most human tissue types. Other measures of attenuation and signal variance known in the art can also be utilized to identify and characterize the quality of images obtained from arterial wall tissue. These other measurements including image segmentation and blob quantification, morphologic processing, probability distribution function statistics, Fourier domain analysis, high pass filtering, energy and entropy measurements, edge counting, N-order moments. OCT can be combined with spectroscopy (e.g., performing OCT at two wavelengths), birefringence, and Doppler to further enhance the capability of OCT for assessing image quality.
[0066] In step 312, the imaging module 232 determines whether the entire length of the screening segment of the subject tissue 250 has been imaged. If additional portions of the screening segment of the subject tissue 250 need to be imaged, the process 300 advances to step 302. Otherwise, the process 300 advances to step 314 where the imaging module 232 reconstructs the helical or three-dimensional scans of the screening segment of the subject tissue 250 based on the information gathered during the scan. After the helical scans are reconstructed, the imaging module 316 can display the reconstructed data (images) and the process 300 exits.
[0067] FIG. 6 illustrates an imaging system 600 including the specially modified optical catheter 202 disposed within a guide catheter 602. The optical catheter 202 is identical to the optical catheter 202 as illustrated in FIG. 2A , except that the fluid delivery channel 223 and the aperture 221 are not necessarily included in the optical catheter 202 as illustrated in FIG. 6 . The fluid delivery channel 223 and the aperture 221 are replaced by the fluid delivery channel 606 and the aperture 604, respectively. In order to use the imaging system 600, the guide catheter 602 is inserted into a blood vessel and positioned adjacent to a target area to be imaged.
[0068] The optical catheter 202 is inserted into the guide catheter 602 until the distal end 220 of the optical catheter 202 protrudes beyond the guide catheter 602 (as shown in FIG. 6 ). Once the guide catheter 602 is positioned relative to the guide catheter 602, the optical catheter 202 operates in the same manner as discussed above in connection with FIGS. 2A , 2B, 3, 4, and 5, with the exception that the fluid pump 225 injects transparent or semi-transparent fluid into the fluid delivery channel 606 and through the aperture 604 to the target area instead of utilizing the fluid delivery channel 223 and aperture 221.
[0069] In an exemplary embodiment, the guide catheter 602 is used as the fluid delivery channel. The guide catheter 602 does not necessarily include a special purpose fluid delivery channel 606. The fluid pump 225 is connected directly to the guide catheter 602 and transparent or semi-transparent fluid is provided at the target area via the guide catheter 602. In another exemplary embodiment, the imaging assembly 204 protrudes beyond the distal end of the guide catheter 602. The imaging of the target area takes place while the imaging assembly 204 of the optical catheter 202 protrudes from the distal end of the guide catheter 602. In a further exemplary embodiment, the guide catheter 602 is transparent and the optical catheter 202 is inserted into the guide catheter 602 until it is adjacent to the target area. The imaging assembly 204 of the optical catheter 202 does not protrude beyond the guide catheter 602 and the imaging of the target area takes place while the optical catheter 202 is within the guide catheter 602.
[0070] The foregoing merely illustrates the principles of the invention. Various modifications and alterations to the described embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the teachings herein. It will thus be appreciated that those skilled in the art will be able to devise numerous techniques which, although not explicitly described herein, embody the principles of the invention and are thus within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An apparatus for imaging a structure using optical coherence tomography, comprising:
an article of manufacture;
a first fluid delivery arrangement configured to deliver a volume of a fluid to an external location with respect to the article of manufacture; and
a second arrangement including an imaging arrangement which is configured to obtain optical coherence tomography data associated with the structure at least one of before, during or after the volume of the fluid is delivered to the external location,
wherein at least one first portion of the second arrangement or at least one second portion of the article of manufacture is translated along a path which approximately corresponds to an axis of extension of a surface,
wherein the second arrangement includes a computer controlled which is configured to automatically control at least one of the translation or a rotation of the at least one first portion of the second arrangement or the at least one second portion of the article of manufacture as a function of the data.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the computer controlled apparatus is configured to control the at least one of the translation or the rotation based on at least one of a presence or an absence of at least one of (i) blood or (ii) the fluid in the external location as a function of the data.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the computer controlled arrangement includes a processing arrangement which is configured to determine at least one of a presence or an absence of blood in or at the external location as a function of the data.
4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the processing arrangement determines the at least one of the presence or the absence of blood based on at least one of an absorption or scattering properties associated with the blood or the fluid at or in the external location.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rotation is performed at a rate of at least above approximately 30 rotations/second.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rotation is performed at a rate of at least above approximately 50 rotations/second.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the translation is performed at a rate of more than approximately 1 mm/second.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the translation is performed at a rate of approximately 10 mm/second.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fluid is substantially transparent to a radiation utilized by an imaging modality, which is a time domain optical coherence tomography, a spectral domain optical coherence tomography or an optical frequency domain imaging.
10. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a guide catheter configured to receive the article of manufacture therein.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the first fluid delivery arrangement delivers the fluid to a proximal end of the guide catheter, and wherein the fluid flows through an aperture formed through the guide catheter.
12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the imaging arrangement obtains further data associated with the structure, and further comprising a processing arrangement receiving the data, and configured to control at least one of the first fluid delivery arrangement or the second arrangement as a function of the further data.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the processing arrangement controls at least one of the first fluid delivery arrangement or the second arrangement based on information previously received by the processing arrangement.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the processing arrangement controls the translation of the at least one first portion of the second arrangement.
15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the processing arrangement controls the fluid delivery of the first fluid delivery arrangement.
16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the processing arrangement controls the translation of the at least one first portion of the second arrangement and the fluid delivery of the first fluid delivery arrangement.
17. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a processing arrangement which controls the translation of the at least one first portion of the second arrangement.
18. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a catheter which includes at least one of the article of manufacture or the second arrangement.
19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the first fluid delivery arrangement delivers the fluid through an internal portion of the catheter.
20. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the translation is performed at the same time as at least one of obtaining the data associated with the structure or delivering the volume of the fluid.
21. An apparatus for imaging a structure using optical coherence tomography, comprising:
an article of manufacture;
a first fluid delivery arrangement configured to deliver a volume of a fluid to an external location with respect to the article of manufacture; and
a second arrangement including an imaging arrangement which is configured to obtain using optical coherence tomography data associated with the structure at least one of before, during or after the volume of the fluid is delivered to the external location, wherein at least one of at least one first portion of the second arrangement or at least one second portion of the article of manufacture is translated along a path which approximately corresponds to an axis of extension of a surface,
wherein the second arrangement includes a further computer controlled arrangement which is further configured to automatically control:
i) at least one of the translation or a rotation of the at least one of the at least one first portion of the second arrangement or the at least one second portion of the article of manufacture as a function of the data, and
ii) the at least one of the translation or the rotation based on at least one of a presence or an absence of at least one of (i) blood or (ii) the fluid in the external location as a function of the image information, and
wherein the second arrangement includes a processing arrangement which is configured to determine at least one of a presence or an absence of blood in or at the external location as a function of the image information.
Patent Citations (563)
| Patent | Date | Inventor | Cited By |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2339754(A) | 1944-01-01 | Brace | Applicant |
| US3090753(A) | 1963-05-01 | Matuszak et al. | Applicant |
| US3601480(A) | 1971-08-01 | Randall | Applicant |
| US3856000(A) | 1974-12-01 | Chikama | Applicant |
| US3872407(A) | 1975-03-01 | Hughes | Applicant |
| US3941121(A) | 1976-03-01 | Olinger | Applicant |
| US3973219(A) | 1976-08-01 | Tang et al. | Applicant |
| US3983507(A) | 1976-09-01 | Tang et al. | Applicant |
| US4030827(A) | 1977-06-01 | Delhaye et al. | Applicant |
| US4030831(A) | 1977-06-01 | Gowrinathan | Applicant |
| US4140364(A) | 1979-02-01 | Yamashita et al. | Applicant |
| US4141362(A) | 1979-02-01 | Wurster | Applicant |
| US4224929(A) | 1980-09-01 | Furihata | Applicant |
| US4295738(A) | 1981-10-01 | Meltz et al. | Applicant |
| US4300816(A) | 1981-11-01 | Snitzer et al. | Applicant |
| US4303300(A) | 1981-12-01 | Pressiat et al. | Applicant |
| US4428643(A) | 1984-01-01 | Kay | Applicant |
| US4479499(A) | 1984-10-01 | Alfano | Applicant |
| US4533247(A) | 1985-08-01 | Epworth | Applicant |
| US4585349(A) | 1986-04-01 | Gross et al. | Applicant |
| US4601036(A) | 1986-07-01 | Faxvog et al. | Applicant |
| US4607622(A) | 1986-08-01 | Fritch et al. | Applicant |
| US4631498(A) | 1986-12-01 | Cutler | Applicant |
| US4639999(A) | 1987-02-01 | Daniele | Applicant |
| US4650327(A) | 1987-03-01 | Ogi | Applicant |
| US4734578(A) | 1988-03-01 | Horikawa | Applicant |
| US4744656(A) | 1988-05-01 | Moran et al. | Applicant |
| US4751706(A) | 1988-06-01 | Rohde et al. | Applicant |
| US4763977(A) | 1988-08-01 | Kawasaki et al. | Applicant |
| US4770492(A) | 1988-09-01 | Levin et al. | Applicant |
| US4827907(A) | 1989-05-01 | Tashiro | Examiner |
| US4834111(A) | 1989-05-01 | Khanna et al. | Applicant |
| US4868834(A) | 1989-09-01 | Fox et al. | Applicant |
| US4890901(A) | 1990-01-01 | Cross, Jr. | Applicant |
| US4892406(A) | 1990-01-01 | Waters | Applicant |
| US4905169(A) | 1990-02-01 | Buican et al. | Applicant |
| US4909631(A) | 1990-03-01 | Tan et al. | Applicant |
| US4925302(A) | 1990-05-01 | Cutler | Applicant |
| US4928005(A) | 1990-05-01 | Lefevre et al. | Applicant |
| US4940328(A) | 1990-07-01 | Hartman | Applicant |
| US4965441(A) | 1990-10-01 | Picard | Applicant |
| US4965599(A) | 1990-10-01 | Roddy et al. | Applicant |
| US4966589(A) | 1990-10-01 | Kaufman | Applicant |
| US4984888(A) | 1991-01-01 | Tobias et al. | Applicant |
| US4993834(A) | 1991-02-01 | Carlhoff et al. | Applicant |
| US4998972(A) | 1991-03-01 | Chin et al. | Examiner |
| US5039193(A) | 1991-08-01 | Snow et al. | Applicant |
| US5040889(A) | 1991-08-01 | Keane | Applicant |
| US5045936(A) | 1991-09-01 | Lobb et al. | Applicant |
| US5046501(A) | 1991-09-01 | Crilly | Applicant |
| US5065331(A) | 1991-11-01 | Vachon et al. | Applicant |
| US5085496(A) | 1992-02-01 | Yoshida et al. | Applicant |
| US5120953(A) | 1992-06-01 | Harris | Applicant |
| US5121983(A) | 1992-06-01 | Lee | Applicant |
| US5127730(A) | 1992-07-01 | Brelje et al. | Applicant |
| US5197470(A) | 1993-03-01 | Helfer et al. | Applicant |
| US5202745(A) | 1993-04-01 | Sorin et al. | Applicant |
| US5202931(A) | 1993-04-01 | Bacus et al. | Applicant |
| US5208651(A) | 1993-05-01 | Buican | Applicant |
| US5212667(A) | 1993-05-01 | Tomlinson et al. | Applicant |
| US5214538(A) | 1993-05-01 | Lobb | Applicant |
| US5217456(A) | 1993-06-01 | Narciso, Jr. | Applicant |
| US5228001(A) | 1993-07-01 | Birge et al. | Applicant |
| US5241364(A) | 1993-08-01 | Kimura et al. | Applicant |
| US5248876(A) | 1993-09-01 | Kerstens et al. | Applicant |
| US5250186(A) | 1993-10-01 | Dollinger et al. | Applicant |
| US5251009(A) | 1993-10-01 | Bruno | Applicant |
| US5262644(A) | 1993-11-01 | Maguire | Applicant |
| US5275594(A) | 1994-01-01 | Baker | Applicant |
| US5281811(A) | 1994-01-01 | Lewis | Applicant |
| US5283795(A) | 1994-02-01 | Fink | Applicant |
| US5291885(A) | 1994-03-01 | Taniji et al. | Applicant |
| US5293872(A) | 1994-03-01 | Alfano et al. | Applicant |
| US5293873(A) | 1994-03-01 | Fang | Applicant |
| US5302025(A) | 1994-04-01 | Kleinerman | Applicant |
| US5304173(A) | 1994-04-01 | Kittrell et al. | Applicant |
| US5304810(A) | 1994-04-01 | Amos | Applicant |
| US5305759(A) | 1994-04-01 | Kaneko et al. | Applicant |
| US5317389(A) | 1994-05-01 | Hochberg et al. | Applicant |
| US5318024(A) | 1994-06-01 | Kittrell et al. | Applicant |
| US5321501(A) | 1994-06-01 | Swanson et al. | Applicant |
| US5348003(A) | 1994-09-01 | Caro | Applicant |
| US5353790(A) | 1994-10-01 | Jacques et al. | Applicant |
| US5383467(A) | 1995-01-01 | Auer et al. | Applicant |
| US5394235(A) | 1995-02-01 | Takeuchi et al. | Applicant |
| US5404415(A) | 1995-04-01 | Mori et al. | Applicant |
| US5411016(A) | 1995-05-01 | Kume et al. | Applicant |
| US5419323(A) | 1995-05-01 | Kittrell et al. | Applicant |
| US5424827(A) | 1995-06-01 | Horwitz et al. | Applicant |
| US5439000(A) | 1995-08-01 | Gunderson et al. | Applicant |
| US5441053(A) | 1995-08-01 | Lodder et al. | Applicant |
| US5450203(A) | 1995-09-01 | Penkethman | Applicant |
| US5454807(A) | 1995-10-01 | Lennox et al. | Applicant |
| US5459325(A) | 1995-10-01 | Hueton et al. | Applicant |
| US5459570(A) | 1995-10-01 | Swanson et al. | Applicant |
| US5465147(A) | 1995-11-01 | Swanson | Applicant |
| US5486701(A) | 1996-01-01 | Norton et al. | Applicant |
| US5491524(A) | 1996-02-01 | Hellmuth et al. | Applicant |
| US5491552(A) | 1996-02-01 | Kittrell | Applicant |
| US5522004(A) | 1996-05-01 | Djupsjobacka et al. | Applicant |
| US5526338(A) | 1996-06-01 | Hasman et al. | Applicant |
| US5555087(A) | 1996-09-01 | Miyagawa et al. | Applicant |
| US5562100(A) | 1996-10-01 | Kittrell et al. | Applicant |
| US5565983(A) | 1996-10-01 | Barnard et al. | Applicant |
| US5565986(A) | 1996-10-01 | Knuttel | Applicant |
| US5566267(A) | 1996-10-01 | Neuberger | Applicant |
| US5583342(A) | 1996-12-01 | Ichie | Applicant |
| US5590660(A) | 1997-01-01 | MacAulay et al. | Applicant |
| US5600486(A) | 1997-02-01 | Gal et al. | Applicant |
| US5601087(A) | 1997-02-01 | Richards-Kortum et al. | Applicant |
| US5621830(A) | 1997-04-01 | Lucey et al. | Applicant |
| US5623336(A) | 1997-04-01 | Raab et al. | Applicant |
| US5635830(A) | 1997-06-01 | Itoh | Applicant |
| US5649924(A) | 1997-07-01 | Everett et al. | Applicant |
| US5697373(A) | 1997-12-01 | Gunderson et al. | Applicant |
| US5698397(A) | 1997-12-01 | Zarling et al. | Applicant |
| US5710630(A) | 1998-01-01 | Essenpreis et al. | Applicant |
| US5716324(A) | 1998-02-01 | Toida | Applicant |
| US5719399(A) | 1998-02-01 | Alfano et al. | Applicant |
| US5730731(A) | 1998-03-01 | Mollenauer et al. | Examiner |
| US5735276(A) | 1998-04-01 | Lemelson | Applicant |
| US5740808(A) | 1998-04-01 | Panescu et al. | Applicant |
| US5748318(A) | 1998-05-01 | Maris et al. | Applicant |
| US5748598(A) | 1998-05-01 | Swanson et al. | Applicant |
| US5752518(A) | 1998-05-01 | McGee et al. | Applicant |
| US5784352(A) | 1998-07-01 | Swanson et al. | Applicant |
| US5785651(A) | 1998-07-01 | Baker et al. | Applicant |
| US5795295(A) | 1998-08-01 | Hellmuth et al. | Applicant |
| US5801826(A) | 1998-09-01 | Williams | Applicant |
| US5801831(A) | 1998-09-01 | Sargoytchev et al. | Applicant |
| US5803082(A) | 1998-09-01 | Stapleton et al. | Applicant |
| US5807261(A) | 1998-09-01 | Benaron et al. | Applicant |
| US5810719(A) | 1998-09-01 | Toida | Applicant |
| US5817144(A) | 1998-10-01 | Gregory et al. | Applicant |
| US5836877(A) | 1998-11-01 | Zavislan et al. | Applicant |
| US5840023(A) | 1998-11-01 | Oraevsky et al. | Applicant |
| US5840075(A) | 1998-11-01 | Mueller et al. | Applicant |
| US5842995(A) | 1998-12-01 | Mahadevan-Jansen et al. | Applicant |
| US5843000(A) | 1998-12-01 | Nishioka et al. | Applicant |
| US5843052(A) | 1998-12-01 | Benja-Athon | Applicant |
| US5847827(A) | 1998-12-01 | Fercher | Applicant |
| US5862273(A) | 1999-01-01 | Pelletier | Applicant |
| US5865754(A) | 1999-02-01 | Sevick-Muraca et al. | Applicant |
| US5867268(A) | 1999-02-01 | Gelikonov et al. | Applicant |
| US5871449(A) | 1999-02-01 | Brown | Applicant |
| US5872879(A) | 1999-02-01 | Hamm | Applicant |
| US5877856(A) | 1999-03-01 | Fercher | Applicant |
| US5887009(A) | 1999-03-01 | Mandella et al. | Applicant |
| US5892583(A) | 1999-04-01 | Li | Applicant |
| US5910839(A) | 1999-06-01 | Erskine et al. | Applicant |
| US5912764(A) | 1999-06-01 | Togino | Applicant |
| US5920373(A) | 1999-07-01 | Bille | Applicant |
| US5920390(A) | 1999-07-01 | Farahi et al. | Applicant |
| US5921926(A) | 1999-07-01 | Rolland et al. | Applicant |
| US5926592(A) | 1999-07-01 | Harris et al. | Applicant |
| US5949929(A) | 1999-09-01 | Hamm | Applicant |
| US5951482(A) | 1999-09-01 | Winston et al. | Applicant |
| US5955737(A) | 1999-09-01 | Hallidy et al. | Applicant |
| US5956355(A) | 1999-09-01 | Swanson et al. | Applicant |
| US5968064(A) | 1999-10-01 | Selmon et al. | Applicant |
| US5975697(A) | 1999-11-01 | Podoleanu et al. | Applicant |
| US5983125(A) | 1999-11-01 | Alfano et al. | Applicant |
| US5987346(A) | 1999-11-01 | Benaron et al. | Applicant |
| US5991697(A) | 1999-11-01 | Nelson et al. | Applicant |
| US5994690(A) | 1999-11-01 | Kulkarni et al. | Applicant |
| US5995223(A) | 1999-11-01 | Power | Applicant |
| US6002480(A) | 1999-12-01 | Izatt et al. | Applicant |
| US6004314(A) | 1999-12-01 | Wei et al. | Applicant |
| US6006128(A) | 1999-12-01 | Izatt et al. | Applicant |
| US6007996(A) | 1999-12-01 | McNamara et al. | Applicant |
| US6010449(A) | 2000-01-01 | Selmon et al. | Applicant |
| US6014214(A) | 2000-01-01 | Li | Applicant |
| US6016197(A) | 2000-01-01 | Krivoshlykov | Applicant |
| US6020963(A) | 2000-02-01 | Dimarzio et al. | Applicant |
| US6025956(A) | 2000-02-01 | Nagano et al. | Applicant |
| US6033721(A) | 2000-03-01 | Nassuphis | Applicant |
| US6037579(A) | 2000-03-01 | Chan et al. | Applicant |
| US6044288(A) | 2000-03-01 | Wake et al. | Applicant |
| US6045511(A) | 2000-04-01 | Ott et al. | Applicant |
| US6048742(A) | 2000-04-01 | Weyburne et al. | Applicant |
| US6053613(A) | 2000-04-01 | Wei et al. | Applicant |
| US6069698(A) | 2000-05-01 | Ozawa et al. | Applicant |
| US6078047(A) | 2000-06-01 | Mittleman et al. | Applicant |
| US6091496(A) | 2000-07-01 | Hill | Applicant |
| US6091984(A) | 2000-07-01 | Perelman et al. | Applicant |
| US6094274(A) | 2000-07-01 | Yokoi | Applicant |
| US6107048(A) | 2000-08-01 | Goldenring et al. | Applicant |
| US6111645(A) | 2000-08-01 | Tearney et al. | Applicant |
| US6117128(A) | 2000-09-01 | Gregory | Applicant |
| US6120516(A) | 2000-09-01 | Selmon et al. | Applicant |
| US6134003(A) | 2000-10-01 | Tearney et al. | Examiner |
| US6134010(A) | 2000-10-01 | Zavislan | Applicant |
| US6134033(A) | 2000-10-01 | Bergano et al. | Applicant |
| US6141577(A) | 2000-10-01 | Rolland et al. | Applicant |
| US6151522(A) | 2000-11-01 | Alfano et al. | Applicant |
| US6159445(A) | 2000-12-01 | Klaveness et al. | Applicant |
| US6160826(A) | 2000-12-01 | Swanson et al. | Applicant |
| US6161031(A) | 2000-12-01 | Hochmann et al. | Applicant |
| US6166373(A) | 2000-12-01 | Mao | Applicant |
| US6174291(B1) | 2001-01-01 | McMahon et al. | Applicant |
| US6175669(B1) | 2001-01-01 | Colston et al. | Applicant |
| US6185271(B1) | 2001-02-01 | Kinsinger | Applicant |
| US6191862(B1) | 2001-02-01 | Swanson et al. | Applicant |
| US6193676(B1) | 2001-02-01 | Winston et al. | Applicant |
| US6198956(B1) | 2001-03-01 | Dunne | Applicant |
| US6201989(B1) | 2001-03-01 | Whitehead et al. | Applicant |
| US6208415(B1) | 2001-03-01 | De Boer et al. | Applicant |
| US6208887(B1) | 2001-03-01 | Clarke | Applicant |
| US6245026(B1) | 2001-06-01 | Campbell et al. | Applicant |
| US6249349(B1) | 2001-06-01 | Lauer | Applicant |
| US6249381(B1) | 2001-06-01 | Suganuma | Applicant |
| US6249630(B1) | 2001-06-01 | Stock et al. | Applicant |
| US6263234(B1) | 2001-07-01 | Engelhardt et al. | Applicant |
| US6264610(B1) | 2001-07-01 | Zhu | Applicant |
| US6272376(B1) | 2001-08-01 | Marcu et al. | Applicant |
| US6274871(B1) | 2001-08-01 | Dukor et al. | Applicant |
| US6282011(B1) | 2001-08-01 | Tearney et al. | Applicant |
| US6297018(B1) | 2001-10-01 | French et al. | Applicant |
| US6301048(B1) | 2001-10-01 | Cao et al. | Applicant |
| US6308092(B1) | 2001-10-01 | Hoyns | Applicant |
| US6324419(B1) | 2001-11-01 | Guzelsu et al. | Applicant |
| US6341036(B1) | 2002-01-01 | Tearney et al. | Applicant |
| US6353693(B1) | 2002-03-01 | Kano et al. | Applicant |
| US6359692(B1) | 2002-03-01 | Groot | Applicant |
| US6374128(B1) | 2002-04-01 | Toida et al. | Applicant |
| US6377349(B1) | 2002-04-01 | Fercher | Applicant |
| US6384915(B1) | 2002-05-01 | Everett et al. | Applicant |
| US6393312(B1) | 2002-05-01 | Hoyns | Applicant |
| US6394964(B1) | 2002-05-01 | Sievert, Jr. et al. | Applicant |
| US6396941(B1) | 2002-05-01 | Bacus et al. | Applicant |
| US6421164(B2) | 2002-07-01 | Tearney et al. | Applicant |
| US6437867(B2) | 2002-08-01 | Zeylikovich et al. | Applicant |
| US6441892(B2) | 2002-08-01 | Xiao et al. | Applicant |
| US6441959(B1) | 2002-08-01 | Yang et al. | Applicant |
| US6445485(B1) | 2002-09-01 | Frigo et al. | Applicant |
| US6445939(B1) | 2002-09-01 | Swanson et al. | Applicant |
| US6445944(B1) | 2002-09-01 | Ostrovsky | Applicant |
| US6459487(B1) | 2002-10-01 | Chen et al. | Applicant |
| US6463313(B1) | 2002-10-01 | Winston et al. | Applicant |
| US6469846(B2) | 2002-10-01 | Ebizuka et al. | Applicant |
| US6475159(B1) | 2002-11-01 | Casscells et al. | Applicant |
| US6475210(B1) | 2002-11-01 | Phelps et al. | Applicant |
| US6477403(B1) | 2002-11-01 | Eguchi et al. | Applicant |
| US6485413(B1) | 2002-11-01 | Boppart et al. | Applicant |
| US6485482(B1) | 2002-11-01 | Belef | Applicant |
| US6501551(B1) | 2002-12-01 | Tearney et al. | Applicant |
| US6501878(B2) | 2002-12-01 | Hughes et al. | Applicant |
| US6516014(B1) | 2003-02-01 | Sellin et al. | Applicant |
| US6517532(B1) | 2003-02-01 | Altshuler et al. | Applicant |
| US6538817(B1) | 2003-03-01 | Farmer et al. | Applicant |
| US6540391(B2) | 2003-04-01 | Lanzetta et al. | Applicant |
| US6549801(B1) | 2003-04-01 | Chen et al. | Applicant |
| US6552796(B2) | 2003-04-01 | Magnin et al. | Applicant |
| US6556305(B1) | 2003-04-01 | Aziz et al. | Applicant |
| US6556853(B1) | 2003-04-01 | Cabib et al. | Applicant |
| US6558324(B1) | 2003-05-01 | Von Behren et al. | Applicant |
| US6564087(B1) | 2003-05-01 | Pitris et al. | Applicant |
| US6564089(B2) | 2003-05-01 | Izatt et al. | Applicant |
| US6567585(B2) | 2003-05-01 | Harris | Applicant |
| US6593101(B2) | 2003-07-01 | Richards-Kortum et al. | Applicant |
| US6611833(B1) | 2003-08-01 | Johnson et al. | Applicant |
| US6615071(B1) | 2003-09-01 | Casscells, III et al. | Applicant |
| US6622732(B2) | 2003-09-01 | Constantz | Applicant |
| US6654127(B2) | 2003-11-01 | Everett et al. | Applicant |
| US6657730(B2) | 2003-12-01 | Pfau et al. | Applicant |
| US6658278(B2) | 2003-12-01 | Gruhl | Applicant |
| US6680780(B1) | 2004-01-01 | Fee | Applicant |
| US6685885(B2) | 2004-02-01 | Nolte et al. | Applicant |
| US6687007(B1) | 2004-02-01 | Meigs | Applicant |
| US6687010(B1) | 2004-02-01 | Horii et al. | Applicant |
| US6687036(B2) | 2004-02-01 | Riza | Applicant |
| US6692430(B2) | 2004-02-01 | Adler | Applicant |
| US6701181(B2) | 2004-03-01 | Tang et al. | Applicant |
| US6721094(B1) | 2004-04-01 | Sinclair et al. | Applicant |
| US6738144(B1) | 2004-05-01 | Dogariu et al. | Applicant |
| US6741355(B2) | 2004-05-01 | Drabarek | Applicant |
| US6757467(B1) | 2004-06-01 | Rogers | Applicant |
| US6790175(B1) | 2004-09-01 | Furusawa et al. | Applicant |
| US6806963(B1) | 2004-10-01 | Wälti et al. | Applicant |
| US6816743(B2) | 2004-11-01 | Moreno et al. | Applicant |
| US6831781(B2) | 2004-12-01 | Tearney et al. | Applicant |
| US6839496(B1) | 2005-01-01 | Mills et al. | Applicant |
| US6882432(B2) | 2005-04-01 | Deck | Applicant |
| US6900899(B2) | 2005-05-01 | Nevis | Applicant |
| US6903820(B2) | 2005-06-01 | Wang | Applicant |
| US6909105(B1) | 2005-06-01 | Heintzmann et al. | Applicant |
| US6949072(B2) | 2005-09-01 | Furnish et al. | Applicant |
| US6961123(B1) | 2005-11-01 | Wang et al. | Applicant |
| US6980299(B1) | 2005-12-01 | de Boer | Applicant |
| US6996549(B2) | 2006-02-01 | Zhang et al. | Applicant |
| US7006231(B2) | 2006-02-01 | Ostrovsky et al. | Applicant |
| US7006232(B2) | 2006-02-01 | Rollins et al. | Applicant |
| US7019838(B2) | 2006-03-01 | Izatt et al. | Examiner |
| US7027633(B2) | 2006-04-01 | Foran et al. | Applicant |
| US7061622(B2) | 2006-06-01 | Rollins et al. | Applicant |
| US7072047(B2) | 2006-07-01 | Westphal et al. | Applicant |
| US7075658(B2) | 2006-07-01 | Izatt et al. | Applicant |
| US7099358(B1) | 2006-08-01 | Chong et al. | Applicant |
| US7113288(B2) | 2006-09-01 | Fercher | Applicant |
| US7113625(B2) | 2006-09-01 | Watson et al. | Applicant |
| US7130320(B2) | 2006-10-01 | Tobiason et al. | Applicant |
| US7139598(B2) | 2006-11-01 | Hull et al. | Applicant |
| US7142835(B2) | 2006-11-01 | Paulus | Applicant |
| US7148970(B2) | 2006-12-01 | De Boer | Applicant |
| US7177027(B2) | 2007-02-01 | Hirasawa et al. | Applicant |
| US7190464(B2) | 2007-03-01 | Alphonse | Applicant |
| US7230708(B2) | 2007-06-01 | Lapotko et al. | Applicant |
| US7231243(B2) | 2007-06-01 | Tearney et al. | Applicant |
| US7236637(B2) | 2007-06-01 | Sirohey et al. | Applicant |
| US7242480(B2) | 2007-07-01 | Alphonse | Applicant |
| US7267494(B2) | 2007-09-01 | Deng et al. | Applicant |
| US7272252(B2) | 2007-09-01 | De La Torre-Bueno et al. | Applicant |
| US7304798(B2) | 2007-12-01 | Izumi et al. | Applicant |
| US7330270(B2) | 2008-02-01 | O'Hara et al. | Applicant |
| US7336366(B2) | 2008-02-01 | Choma et al. | Applicant |
| US7342659(B2) | 2008-03-01 | Horn et al. | Applicant |
| US7355716(B2) | 2008-04-01 | De Boer et al. | Applicant |
| US7355721(B2) | 2008-04-01 | Quadling et al. | Applicant |
| US7359062(B2) | 2008-04-01 | Chen et al. | Applicant |
| US7366376(B2) | 2008-04-01 | Shishkov et al. | Applicant |
| US7382809(B2) | 2008-06-01 | Chong et al. | Applicant |
| US7391520(B2) | 2008-06-01 | Zhou et al. | Applicant |
| US7458683(B2) | 2008-12-01 | Chernyak et al. | Applicant |
| US7530948(B2) | 2009-05-01 | Seibel et al. | Applicant |
| US7539530(B2) | 2009-05-01 | Caplan et al. | Applicant |
| US7609391(B2) | 2009-10-01 | Betzig | Applicant |
| US7630083(B2) | 2009-12-01 | de Boer et al. | Applicant |
| US7643152(B2) | 2010-01-01 | de Boer et al. | Applicant |
| US7643153(B2) | 2010-01-01 | de Boer et al. | Applicant |
| US7646905(B2) | 2010-01-01 | Guittet et al. | Applicant |
| US7649160(B2) | 2010-01-01 | Colomb et al. | Applicant |
| US7664300(B2) | 2010-02-01 | Lange et al. | Applicant |
| US7733497(B2) | 2010-06-01 | Yun et al. | Applicant |
| US7734332(B2) | 2010-06-01 | Sher | Examiner |
| US7782464(B2) | 2010-08-01 | Mujat et al. | Applicant |
| US7805034(B2) | 2010-09-01 | Kato et al. | Applicant |
| US2001/0036002(A1) | 2001-11-01 | Tearney et al. | Applicant |
| US2001/0047137(A1) | 2001-11-01 | Moreno et al. | Applicant |
| US2002/0016533(A1) | 2002-02-01 | Marchitto et al. | Applicant |
| US2002/0024015(A1) | 2002-02-01 | Hoffmann et al. | Applicant |
| US2002/0048025(A1) | 2002-04-01 | Takaoka | Applicant |
| US2002/0048026(A1) | 2002-04-01 | Isshiki et al. | Applicant |
| US2002/0052547(A1) | 2002-05-01 | Toida | Applicant |
| US2002/0057431(A1) | 2002-05-01 | Fateley et al. | Applicant |
| US2002/0064341(A1) | 2002-05-01 | Fauver et al. | Applicant |
| US2002/0076152(A1) | 2002-06-01 | Hughes et al. | Applicant |
| US2002/0085209(A1) | 2002-07-01 | Mittleman et al. | Applicant |
| US2002/0086347(A1) | 2002-07-01 | Johnson et al. | Applicant |
| US2002/0091322(A1) | 2002-07-01 | Chaiken et al. | Applicant |
| US2002/0093662(A1) | 2002-07-01 | Chen et al. | Applicant |
| US2002/0109851(A1) | 2002-08-01 | Deck | Applicant |
| US2002/0122182(A1) | 2002-09-01 | Everett et al. | Applicant |
| US2002/0122246(A1) | 2002-09-01 | Tearney et al. | Applicant |
| US2002/0140942(A1) | 2002-10-01 | Fee et al. | Applicant |
| US2002/0158211(A1) | 2002-10-01 | Gillispie | Applicant |
| US2002/0161357(A1) | 2002-10-01 | Anderson et al. | Applicant |
| US2002/0163622(A1) | 2002-11-01 | Magnin et al. | Applicant |
| US2002/0168158(A1) | 2002-11-01 | Furusawa et al. | Applicant |
| US2002/0172485(A1) | 2002-11-01 | Keaton et al. | Applicant |
| US2002/0183623(A1) | 2002-12-01 | Tang et al. | Applicant |
| US2002/0188204(A1) | 2002-12-01 | McNamara et al. | Applicant |
| US2002/0196446(A1) | 2002-12-01 | Roth et al. | Applicant |
| US2002/0198457(A1) | 2002-12-01 | Tearney et al. | Applicant |
| US2003/0001071(A1) | 2003-01-01 | Mandella et al. | Applicant |
| US2003/0013973(A1) | 2003-01-01 | Georgakoudi et al. | Applicant |
| US2003/0023153(A1) | 2003-01-01 | Izatt et al. | Applicant |
| US2003/0026735(A1) | 2003-02-01 | Nolte et al. | Applicant |
| US2003/0028114(A1) | 2003-02-01 | Casscells, III et al. | Applicant |
| US2003/0030816(A1) | 2003-02-01 | Eom et al. | Applicant |
| US2003/0043381(A1) | 2003-03-01 | Fercher | Applicant |
| US2003/0053673(A1) | 2003-03-01 | Dewaele et al. | Applicant |
| US2003/0067607(A1) | 2003-04-01 | Wolleschensky et al. | Applicant |
| US2003/0082105(A1) | 2003-05-01 | Fischman et al. | Applicant |
| US2003/0097048(A1) | 2003-05-01 | Ryan et al. | Applicant |
| US2003/0108911(A1) | 2003-06-01 | Klimant et al. | Applicant |
| US2003/0120137(A1) | 2003-06-01 | Pawluczyk et al. | Applicant |
| US2003/0135101(A1) | 2003-07-01 | Webler | Applicant |
| US2003/0137669(A1) | 2003-07-01 | Rollins et al. | Applicant |
| US2003/0164952(A1) | 2003-09-01 | Deichmann et al. | Applicant |
| US2003/0165263(A1) | 2003-09-01 | Hamer et al. | Applicant |
| US2003/0171691(A1) | 2003-09-01 | Casscells, III et al. | Applicant |
| US2003/0174339(A1) | 2003-09-01 | Feldchtein et al. | Applicant |
| US2003/0199769(A1) | 2003-10-01 | Podoleanu et al. | Applicant |
| US2003/0216719(A1) | 2003-11-01 | Debenedictis et al. | Applicant |
| US2003/0220749(A1) | 2003-11-01 | Chen et al. | Applicant |
| US2003/0236443(A1) | 2003-12-01 | Cespedes et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0002650(A1) | 2004-01-01 | Mandrusov et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0039298(A1) | 2004-02-01 | Abreu | Applicant |
| US2004/0054268(A1) | 2004-03-01 | Esenaliev et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0072200(A1) | 2004-04-01 | Rigler et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0075841(A1) | 2004-04-01 | Van Neste et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0076940(A1) | 2004-04-01 | Alexander et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0077949(A1) | 2004-04-01 | Blofgett et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0085540(A1) | 2004-05-01 | Lapotko et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0086245(A1) | 2004-05-01 | Farroni et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0100631(A1) | 2004-05-01 | Bashkansky et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0100681(A1) | 2004-05-01 | Bjarklev et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0110206(A1) | 2004-06-01 | Wong et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0126048(A1) | 2004-07-01 | Dave et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0126120(A1) | 2004-07-01 | Cohen et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0133191(A1) | 2004-07-01 | Momiuchi et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0150829(A1) | 2004-08-01 | Koch et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0150830(A1) | 2004-08-01 | Chan | Applicant |
| US2004/0152989(A1) | 2004-08-01 | Puttappa et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0165184(A1) | 2004-08-01 | Mizuno | Applicant |
| US2004/0166593(A1) | 2004-08-01 | Nolte et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0189999(A1) | 2004-09-01 | De Groot et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0212808(A1) | 2004-10-01 | Okawa et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0239938(A1) | 2004-12-01 | Izatt et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0246490(A1) | 2004-12-01 | Wang | Applicant |
| US2004/0246583(A1) | 2004-12-01 | Mueller et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0254474(A1) | 2004-12-01 | Seibel et al. | Applicant |
| US2004/0263843(A1) | 2004-12-01 | Knopp et al. | Applicant |
| US2005/0004453(A1) | 2005-01-01 | Tearney et al. | Applicant |
| US2005/0018133(A1) | 2005-01-01 | Huang et al. | Applicant |
| US2005/0018201(A1) | 2005-01-01 | De Boer et al. | Applicant |
| US2005/0035295(A1) | 2005-02-01 | Bouma et al. | Applicant |
| US2005/0036150(A1) | 2005-02-01 | Izatt et al. | Applicant |
| US2005/0046837(A1) | 2005-03-01 | Izumi et al. | Applicant |
| US2005/0057680(A1) | 2005-03-01 | Agan | Applicant |
| US2005/0057756(A1) | 2005-03-01 | Fang-Yen et al. | Applicant |
| US2005/0059894(A1) | 2005-03-01 | Zeng et al. | Applicant |
| US2005/0065421(A1) | 2005-03-01 | Burckhardt et al. | Applicant |
| US2005/0075547(A1) | 2005-04-01 | Wang | Applicant |
| US2005/0083534(A1) | 2005-04-01 | Riza et al. | Applicant |
| US2005/0119567(A1) | 2005-06-01 | Choi et al. | Applicant |
| US2005/0128488(A1) | 2005-06-01 | Yelin et al. | Applicant |
| US2005/0165303(A1) | 2005-07-01 | Kleen et al. | Applicant |
| US2005/0171438(A1) | 2005-08-01 | Chen et al. | Applicant |
| US2005/0190372(A1) | 2005-09-01 | Dogariu et al. | Applicant |
| US2005/0254061(A1) | 2005-11-01 | Alphonse et al. | Applicant |
| US2006/0033923(A1) | 2006-02-01 | Hirasawa et al. | Applicant |
| US2006/0093276(A1) | 2006-05-01 | Bouma et al. | Applicant |
| US2006/0103850(A1) | 2006-05-01 | Alphonse et al. | Applicant |
| US2006/0146339(A1) | 2006-07-01 | Fujita et al. | Applicant |
| US2006/0155193(A1) | 2006-07-01 | Leonardi et al. | Applicant |
| US2006/0164639(A1) | 2006-07-01 | Horn et al. | Applicant |
| US2006/0171503(A1) | 2006-08-01 | O'Hara et al. | Applicant |
| US2006/0184048(A1) | 2006-08-01 | Saadat et al. | Applicant |
| US2006/0193352(A1) | 2006-08-01 | Chong et al. | Applicant |
| US2006/0244973(A1) | 2006-11-01 | Yun et al. | Applicant |
| US2006/0279742(A1) | 2006-12-01 | Tearney | Applicant |
| US2007/0019208(A1) | 2007-01-01 | Toida et al. | Applicant |
| US2007/0038040(A1) | 2007-02-01 | Cense et al. | Applicant |
| US2007/0070496(A1) | 2007-03-01 | Gweon et al. | Applicant |
| US2007/0076217(A1) | 2007-04-01 | Baker et al. | Applicant |
| US2007/0086013(A1) | 2007-04-01 | De Lega et al. | Applicant |
| US2007/0086017(A1) | 2007-04-01 | Buckland et al. | Applicant |
| US2007/0091317(A1) | 2007-04-01 | Freischlad et al. | Applicant |
| US2007/0133002(A1) | 2007-06-01 | Wax et al. | Applicant |
| US2007/0188855(A1) | 2007-08-01 | Shishkov et al. | Applicant |
| US2007/0223006(A1) | 2007-09-01 | Tearney et al. | Applicant |
| US2007/0236700(A1) | 2007-10-01 | Yun et al. | Applicant |
| US2007/0258094(A1) | 2007-11-01 | Izatt et al. | Applicant |
| US2007/0291277(A1) | 2007-12-01 | Everett et al. | Applicant |
| US2008/0002197(A1) | 2008-01-01 | Sun et al. | Applicant |
| US2008/0007734(A1) | 2008-01-01 | Park et al. | Applicant |
| US2008/0049220(A1) | 2008-02-01 | Izzia et al. | Applicant |
| US2008/0094613(A1) | 2008-04-01 | de Boer et al. | Applicant |
| US2008/0094637(A1) | 2008-04-01 | de Boer et al. | Applicant |
| US2008/0097225(A1) | 2008-04-01 | Tearney et al. | Applicant |
| US2008/0097709(A1) | 2008-04-01 | de Boer et al. | Applicant |
| US2008/0100837(A1) | 2008-05-01 | de Boer et al. | Applicant |
| US2008/0152353(A1) | 2008-06-01 | de Boer et al. | Applicant |
| US2008/0154090(A1) | 2008-06-01 | Hashimshony | Applicant |
| US2008/0204760(A1) | 2008-08-01 | Gollier et al. | Applicant |
| US2008/0228086(A1) | 2008-09-01 | Ilegbusi et al. | Applicant |
| US2008/0265130(A1) | 2008-10-01 | Colomb et al. | Applicant |
| US2008/0308730(A1) | 2008-12-01 | Vizi et al. | Applicant |
| US2009/0005691(A1) | 2009-01-01 | Huang | Applicant |
| US2009/0011948(A1) | 2009-01-01 | Uniu et al. | Applicant |
| US2009/0196477(A1) | 2009-08-01 | Cense et al. | Applicant |
| US2009/0273777(A1) | 2009-11-01 | Yun et al. | Applicant |
| US2009/0290156(A1) | 2009-11-01 | Popescu et al. | Applicant |
| US2010/0086251(A1) | 2010-04-01 | Xu et al. | Applicant |
| US2010/0094576(A1) | 2010-04-01 | de Boer et al. | Applicant |
| US2010/0150467(A1) | 2010-06-01 | Zhao et al. | Applicant |
| CN1550203 | 2004-12-01 | Applicant | |
| DE4105221 | 1991-09-01 | Applicant | |
| DE4309056 | 1994-09-01 | Applicant | |
| DE19542955 | 1997-05-01 | Applicant | |
| DE10351319 | 2005-06-01 | Applicant | |
| EP110201 | 1984-06-01 | Applicant | |
| EP251062 | 1988-01-01 | Applicant | |
| EP617286 | 1994-02-01 | Applicant | |
| EP590268 | 1994-04-01 | Applicant | |
| EP728440 | 1996-08-01 | Applicant | |
| EP933096 | 1999-08-01 | Applicant | |
| EP1324051 | 2003-07-01 | Applicant | |
| EP1426799 | 2004-06-01 | Applicant | |
| FR2738343 | 1995-08-01 | Applicant | |
| GB1257778 | 1971-12-01 | Applicant | |
| GB2030313 | 1980-04-01 | Applicant | |
| GB2209221 | 1989-05-01 | Applicant | |
| GB2298054 | 1996-08-01 | Applicant | |
| JP6073405 | 1985-04-01 | Applicant | |
| JP20040056907 | 1992-02-01 | Applicant | |
| JP4135550 | 1992-05-01 | Applicant | |
| JP4135551 | 1992-05-01 | Applicant | |
| JP5509417 | 1993-11-01 | Applicant | |
| JP2002214127 | 2002-07-01 | Applicant | |
| JP20030035659 | 2003-02-01 | Applicant | |
| JP2007271761 | 2007-10-01 | Applicant | |
| WO7900841 | 1979-10-01 | Applicant | |
| WO9201966 | 1992-02-01 | Applicant | |
| WO9216865 | 1992-10-01 | Applicant | |
| WO9219930 | 1992-11-01 | Applicant | |
| WO9303672 | 1993-03-01 | Applicant | |
| WO9533971 | 1995-12-01 | Applicant | |
| WO9628212 | 1996-09-01 | Applicant | |
| WO9732182 | 1997-09-01 | Applicant | |
| WO9800057 | 1998-01-01 | Applicant | |
| WO9801074 | 1998-01-01 | Applicant | |
| WO9814132 | 1998-04-01 | Applicant | |
| WO9835203 | 1998-08-01 | Applicant | |
| WO9838907 | 1998-09-01 | Applicant | |
| WO9846123 | 1998-10-01 | Applicant | |
| WO9848838 | 1998-11-01 | Applicant | |
| WO9848846 | 1998-11-01 | Applicant | |
| WO9905487 | 1999-02-01 | Applicant | |
| WO9944089 | 1999-02-01 | Applicant | |
| WO9944089 | 1999-09-01 | Applicant | |
| WO9957507 | 1999-11-01 | Applicant | |
| WO58766 | 2000-10-01 | Applicant | |
| WO101111 | 2001-01-01 | Applicant | |
| WO108579 | 2001-02-01 | Applicant | |
| WO127679 | 2001-04-01 | Applicant | |
| WO138820 | 2001-05-01 | Applicant | |
| WO142735 | 2001-06-01 | Applicant | |
| WO236015 | 2002-05-01 | Applicant | |
| WO237075 | 2002-05-01 | Applicant | |
| WO238040 | 2002-05-01 | Applicant | |
| WO254027 | 2002-07-01 | Applicant | |
| WO2053050 | 2002-07-01 | Applicant | |
| WO2084263 | 2002-10-01 | Applicant | |
| WO3013624 | 2003-02-01 | Applicant | |
| WO3020119 | 2003-03-01 | Applicant | |
| WO3046495 | 2003-06-01 | Applicant | |
| WO3046636 | 2003-06-01 | Applicant | |
| WO3052478 | 2003-06-01 | Applicant | |
| WO3053226 | 2003-07-01 | Applicant | |
| WO3062802 | 2003-07-01 | Applicant | |
| WO3105678 | 2003-12-01 | Applicant | |
| WO2004034869 | 2004-04-01 | Applicant | |
| WO2004057266 | 2004-07-01 | Applicant | |
| WO2004066824 | 2004-08-01 | Applicant | |
| WO2004088361 | 2004-10-01 | Applicant | |
| WO2004105598 | 2004-12-01 | Applicant | |
| WO2005000115 | 2005-01-01 | Applicant | |
| WO2005047813 | 2005-05-01 | Applicant | |
| WO2005054780 | 2005-06-01 | Applicant | |
| WO2005082225 | 2005-09-01 | Applicant | |
| WO2006004743 | 2006-01-01 | Applicant | |
| WO2006014392 | 2006-02-01 | Applicant | |
| WO2006038876 | 2006-04-01 | Applicant | |
| WO2006039091 | 2006-04-01 | Applicant | |
| WO2006059109 | 2006-06-01 | Applicant | |
| WO2006124860 | 2006-11-01 | Applicant | |
| WO2006130797 | 2006-12-01 | Applicant | |
| WO2007028531 | 2007-03-01 | Applicant | |
| WO2007038787 | 2007-04-01 | Applicant | |
| WO2007083138 | 2007-07-01 | Applicant | |
| WO2007084995 | 2007-07-01 | Applicant |
Non-Patent Literature (925)
- Acioli, L. H., M. Ulman, et al. (1991). “Femtosecond Temporal Encoding in Barium-Titanate.” Optics Letters 16(24):1984-1986.Applicant
- Aigouy, L., A. Lahrech, et al. (1999). “Polarization effects in apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy: an experimental study.” Optics Letters 24(4): 187-189.Applicant
- Akiba, M., K. P. Chan, et al. (2003). “Full-field optical coherence tomography by two-dimensional heterodyne detection with a pair of CCD cameras.” Optics Letters 28(10): 816-818.Applicant
- Akkin, T., D. P. Dave, et al. (2004). “Detection of neural activity using phase-sensitive optical low-coherence reflectometry.” Optics Express 12(11): 2377-2386.Applicant
- Akkin, T., D. P. Dave, et al. (2003). “Surface analysis using phase sensitive optical low coherencere flectometry.” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine: 4-4.Applicant
- Akkin, T., D. P. Dave, et al. (2003). “Imaging tissue response to electrical and photothermal stimulation with nanometer sensitivity.” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 33(4): 219-225.Applicant
- Akkin, T., T. E. Milner, et al. (2002). “Phase-sensitive measurement of birefringence change as an indication of neural functionality and diseases.” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine: 6-6.Applicant
- Andretzky, P., Lindner, M.W., Hellmann, J.M., Schultz, A., Konzog, M., Kiesewetter, F., Haeusler, G. (1999). “Optical coherence tomography by ‘spectral radar’: Dynamic range estimation and in vivo measurements of skin.” Proceedings of SPIE—The International Society for Optical Engineering 3567: pp. 78-87.Applicant
- Antcliff, R. J., T. J. ffytche, et al. (2000). “Optical coherence tomography of melanocytoma.” American Journal of Ophthalmology 130(6):845-7.Applicant
- Antcliff, R. J., M. R. Stanford, et al. (2000). “Comparison between optical coherence tomography and fundus fluorescein angiography for the detection of cystoid macular edema in patients with uveitis.” Ophthalmology 107(3): 593-9.Applicant
- Anvari, B., T. E. Milner, et al. (1995). “Selective Cooling of Biological Tissues—Application For Thermally Mediated Therapeutic Procedures.” Physics in Medicine and Biology 40(2): 241-252.Applicant
- Anvari, B., B. S. Tanenbaum, et al. (1995). “A Theoretical-Study of the Thermal Response of Skin to Cryogen Spray Cooling and Pulsed-Laser Irradiation—Implications for Treatment of Port-Wine Stain Birthmarks.” Physics in Medicine and Biology 40(9): 1451-1465.Applicant
- Arend, O., M. Ruffer, et al. (2000). “Macular circulation in patients with diabetes mellitus with and without arterial hypertension.” British Journal of Ophthalmology 84(12): 1392-1396.Applicant
- Arimoto, H. and Y. Ohtsuka (1997). “Measurements of the complex degree of spectral coherence by use of a wave-front-folded interferometer.” Optics Letters 22(13): 958-960.Applicant
- Azzolini, C., F. Patelli, et al. (2001). “Correlation between optical coherence tomography data and biomicroscopic interpretation of idiopathic macular hole.” American Journal of Ophthalmology 132(3): 348-55.Applicant
- Baba, T., K. Ohno-Matsui, et al. (2002). “Optical coherence tomography of choroidal neovascularization in high myopia.” Acta Ophthalmoloqica Scandinavica 80(1): 82-7.Applicant
- Bail, M. A. H., Gerd; Herrmann, Juergen M.; Lindner, Michael W.; Ringler, R. (1996). “Optical coherence tomography with the “spectral radar”: fast optical analysis in volume scatterers by short-coherence interferometry.” Proc. SPIE , 2925: p. 298-303.Applicant
- Baney, D. M. and W. V. Sorin (1993). “Extended-Range Optical Low-Coherence Reflectometry Using a Recirculating Delay Technique.” Ieee Photonics Technology Letters 5(9): 1109-1112.Applicant
- Baney, D. M., B. Szafraniec, et al. (2002). “Coherent optical spectrum analyzer.” Ieee Photonics Technology Letters 14(3): 355-357.Applicant
- Barakat, R. (1981). “Bilinear Constraints between Elements of the 4by4 Mueller-Jones Transfer-Matrix of Polarization Theory.” Optics Communications 38(3): 159-161.Applicant
- Barakat, R. (1993). “Analytic Proofs of the Arago-Fresnel Laws for the Interference of Polarized-Light.” Journal of the Optical Society of America a—Optics Image Science and Vision 10(1): 180-185.Applicant
- Barbastathis, G. and D. J. Brady (1999). “Multidimensional tomographic imaging using volume holography.” Proceedings of the leee 87(12): 2098-2120.Applicant
- Bardal, S., A. Kamal, et al. (1992). “Photoinduced Birefringence in Optical Fibers—a Comparative-Study of low-Birefringence and High-Birefringence Fibers.” Optics Letters 17(6): 411-413.Applicant
- Barsky, S. H., S. Rosen, et al. (1980). “Nature and Evolution of Port Wine Stains—Computer-Assisted Study.” Journal of Investigative Dermatology 74(3): 154-157.Applicant
- Barton, J. K., J. A. Izatt, et al. (1999). “Three-dimensional reconstruction of blood vessels from in vivo color Doppler optical coherence tomography images.” Dermatology 198(4): 355-361.Applicant
- Barton, J. K., A. Rollins, et al. (2001). “Photothermal coagulation of blood vessels: a comparison of high-speed optical coherence tomography and numerical modelling.” Physics in Medicine and Biology 46.Applicant
- Barton, J. K., A. J. Welch, et al. (1998). “Investigating pulsed dye laser-blood vessel interaction with color Doppler optical coherence tomography.” Optics Express 3.Applicant
- Bashkansky, M., M. D. Duncan, et al. (1997). “Subsurface defect detection in ceramics by high-speed high-resolution optical coherent tomography.” Optics Letters 22 (1): 61-63.Applicant
- Bashkansky, M. and J. Reintjes (2000). “Statistics and reduction of speckle in optical coherence tomography.” Optics Letters 25(8): 545-547.Applicant
- Baumgartner, A., S. Dichtl, et al. (2000). “Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography of dental structures.” Caries Research 34(1): 59-69.Applicant
- Baumgartner, A., C. K. Hitzenberger, et al. (2000). “Resolution-improved dual-beam and standard optical coherence tomography: a comparison.” Graefes Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 238(5): 385-392.Applicant
- Baumgartner, A., C. K. Hitzenberger, et al. (1998). “Signal and resolution enhancements in dual beam optical coherence tomography of the human eye.” Journal of Biomedical Optics 3(1): 45-54.Applicant
- Beaurepaire, E., P. Gleyzes, et at. (1998). Optical coherence microscopy for the in-depth study of biological structures: System based on a parallel detection scheme, Proceedings of SPIE—The International Society for Optical Engineering.Applicant
- Beaurepaire, E., L. Moreaux, et al. (1999). “Combined scanning optical coherence and two-photon-excited fluorescence microscopy.” Optics Letters 24(14): 969-971.Applicant
- Bechara, F. G., T. Gambichler, et al. (2004). “Histomorphologic correlation with routine histology and optical coherence tomography.” Skin Research and Technology 10 (3): 169-173.Applicant
- Bechmann, M., M. J. Thiel, et al. (2000). “Central corneal thickness determined with optical coherence tomography in various types of glaucoma. [see comments].” British Journal of Ophthalmology 84(11): 1233-7.Applicant
- Bek, T. and M. Kandi (2000). “Quantitative anomaloscopy and optical coherence tomography scanning in central serous chorioretinopathy.” Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica 78(6): 632-7.Applicant
- Benoit, A. M., K. Naoun, et al. (2001). “Linear dichroism of the retinal nerve fiber layer expressed with Mueller matrices.” Applied Optics 40(4): 565-569.Applicant
- Bicout, D., C. Brosseau, et al. (1994). “Depolarization of Multiply Scattered Waves by Spherical Diffusers—Influence of the Size Parameter.” Physical Review E 49(2): 1767-1770.Applicant
- Blanchot, L., M. Lebec, et al. (1997). Low-coherence in depth microscopy for biological tissues imaging: Design of a real time control system. Proceedings of SPIE—The International Society for Optical Engineering.Applicant
- Blumenthal, E. Z. and R. N. Weinreb (2001). “Assessment of the retinal nerve fiber layer in clinical trials of glaucoma neuroprotection. [Review] [36 refs].” Survey of Ophthalmology 45(Suppl 3): S305-12; discussion S332-4.Applicant
- Blumenthal, E. Z., J. M. Williams, et al. (2000). “Reproducibility of nerve fiber layer thickness measurements by use of optical coherence tomography.” Ophthalmology 107(12): 2278-82.Applicant
- Boppart, S. A., B. E. Bouma, et al. (1996). “Imaging developing neural morphology using optical coherence tomography.” Journal of Neuroscience Methods 70.Applicant
- Boppart, S. A., B. E. Bouma, et al. (1997). “Forward-imaging instruments for optical coherence tomography.” Optics Letters 22.Applicant
- Boppart, S. A., B. E. Bouma, et al. (1998). “Intraoperative assessment of microsurgery with three-dimensional optical coherence tomography.” Radiology 208: 81-86.Applicant
- Boppart, S. A., J. Herrmann, et al. (1999). “High-resolution optical coherence tomography-guided laser ablation of surgical tissue.” Journal of Surgical Research 82(2): 275-84.Applicant
- Bouma, B. E. and J. G. Fujimoto (1996). “Compact Kerr-lens mode-locked resonators.” Optics Letters 21.Applicant
- Bouma, B. E., L. E. Nelson, et al. (1998). “Optical coherence tomographic imaging of human tissue at 1.55 mu m and 1.81 mu m using Er and Tm-doped fiber sources.” Journal of Biomedical Optics3.Applicant
- Bouma, B. E., M. Ramaswamy-Paye, et al. (1997). “Compact resonator designs for mode-locked solid-state lasers.” Applied Physics B (Lasers and Optics) B65.Applicant
- Bouma, B. E. and G. J. Tearney (2002). “Clinical imaging with optical coherence tomography.” Academic Radiology 9(8): 942-953.Applicant
- Bouma, B. E., G. J. Tearney, et al. (1996). “Self-phase-modulated Kerr-lens mode-locked Cr:forsterite laser source for optical coherence tomography.” Optics Letters 21(22): 1839.Applicant
- Bouma, B. E., G. J. Tearney, et al. (2000). “High-resolution imaging of the human esophagus and stomach in vivo using optical coherence tomography.” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 51(4): 467-474.Applicant
- Bouma, B. E., G. J. Tearney, et al. (2003). “Evaluation of intracoronary stenting by intravascular optical coherence tomography.”Heart 89(3): 317-320.Applicant
- Bourquin, S., V. Monterosso, et al. (2000). “Video-rate optical low-coherence reflectometry based on a linear smart detector array.” Optics Letters 25(2): 102-104.Applicant
- Bourquin, S., P. Seitz, et al. (2001). “Optical coherence topography based on a two-dimensional smart detector array.” Optics Letters 26(8): 512-514.Applicant
- Bouzid, A., M. A. G. Abushagur, et al. (1995). “Fiber-optic four-detector polarimeter.” Optics Communications 118(3-4): 329-334.Applicant
- Bowd, C., R. N. Weinreb, et al. (2000). “The retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in ocular hypertensive, normal, and glaucomatous eyes with optical coherence tomography.” Archives of Ophthalmology 118(1): 22-6.Applicant
- Bowd, C., L. M. Zangwill, et al. (2001). “Detecting early glaucoma by assessment of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and visual function.” Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 42(9): 1993-2003.Applicant
- Bowd, C., L. M. Zangwill, et al. (2002). “Imaging of the optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer: the effects of age, optic disc area, refractive error, and gender.” Journal of the Optical Society of America, A, Optics, Image Science, & Vision 19(1): 197-207.Applicant
- Brand, S., J. M. Poneros, et al. (2000). “Optical coherence tomography in the gastrointestinal tract.”Endoscopy 32(10): 796-803.Applicant
- Brezinski, M. E. and J. G. Fujimoto (1999). “Optical coherence tomography: high-resolution imaging in nontransparent tissue.” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 5(4): 1185-1192.Applicant
- Brezinski, M. E., G. J. Tearney, et al. (1996). “Imaging of coronary artery microstructure (in vitro) with optical coherence tomography.” American Journal of Cardiology 77 (1): 92-93.Applicant
- Brezinski, M. E., G. J. Tearney, et al. (1996). “Optical coherence tomography for optical biopsy—Properties and demonstration of vascular pathology.” Circulation 93(6): 1206-1213.Applicant
- Brezinski, M. E., G. J. Tearney, et al. (1997). “Assessing atherosclerotic plaque morphology: Comparison of optical coherence tomography and high frequency intravascular ultrasound.” Heart 77(5): 397-403.Applicant
- Brink, H. B. K. and G. J. Vanblokland (1988). “Birefringence of the Human Foveal Area Assessed Invivo with Mueller-Matrix Ellipsometry.” Journal of the Optical Society of America a-Optics Image Science and Vision 5(1): 49-57.Applicant
- Brosseau, C. and D. Bicout (1994). “Entropy Production in Multiple-Scattering of Light by a Spatially Random Medium.” Physical Review E 50(6): 4997-5005.Applicant
- Burgoyne, C. F., D. E. Mercante, et al. (2002). “Change detection in regional and volumetric disc parameters using longitudinal confocal scanning laser tomography.” Ophthalmology 109(3): 455-66.Applicant
- Candido, R. and T. J. Allen (2002). “Haemodynamics in microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes.” Diabetes-Metabolism Research and Reviews 18(4): 286-304.Applicant
- Cense, B., T. C. Chen, et al. (2004). “Thickness and birefringence of healthy retinal nerve fiber layer tissue measured with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography.” Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 45(8): 2606-2612.Applicant
- Cense, B., N. Nassif, et al. (2004). “Ultrahigh-Resolution High-Speed Retinal Imaging Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography.” Optics Express 12(11): 2435-2447.Applicant
- Chance, B., J. S. Leigh, et al. (1988). “Comparison of Time-Resolved and Time-Unresolved Measurements of Deoxyhemoglobin in Brain.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 85(14): 4971-4975.Applicant
- Chang, E. P., D. A. Keedy, et al. (1974). “Ultrastructures of Rabbit Corneal Stroma—Mapping of Optical and Morphological Anisotropies.” Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta 343(3): 615-626.Applicant
- Chartier, T., A. Hideur, et al. (2001). “Measurement of the elliptical birefringence of single-mode optical fibers.” Applied Optics 40(30): 5343-5353.Applicant
- Chauhan, B. C., J. W. Blanchard, et al. (2000). “Technique for Detecting Serial Topographic Changes in the Optic Disc and Peripapillary Retina Using Scanning Laser Tomograph.” Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 41: 775-782.Applicant
- Chen, Z. P., T. E. Milner, et al. (1997). “Optical Doppler tomographic imaging of fluid flow velocity in highly scattering media.” Optics Letters 22(1): 64-66.Applicant
- Chen, Z. P., T. E. Milner, et al. (1997). “Noninvasive imaging of in vivo blood flow velocity using optical Doppler tomography.” Optics Letters 22(14): 1119-1121.Applicant
- Chen, Z. P., Y. H. Zhao, et al. (1999). “Optical Doppler tomography.” Ieee Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 5(4): 1134-1142.Applicant
- Cheong, W. F., S. A. Prahl, et al. (1990). “A Review of the Optical-Properties of Biological Tissues.” Ieee Journal of Quantum Electronics 26(12): 2166-2185.Applicant
- Chernikov, S. V., Y. Zhu, et al. (1997). “Supercontinuum self-Q-switched ytterbium fiber laser.” Optics Letters 22(5): 298-300.Applicant
- Cho, S. H., B. E. Bouma, et al. (1999). “Low-repetition-rate high-peak-power Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:AI/sub 2/0/sub 3/ laser with a multiple-pass cavity.” Optics Letters 24(6): 417-419.Applicant
- Choma, M. A., M. V. Sarunic, et al. (2003). “Sensitivity advantage of swept source and Fourier domain optical coherence tomography.” Optics Express 11(18): 2183-2189.Applicant
- Choma, M. A., C. H. Yang, et al. (2003). “Instantaneous quadrature low-coherence interferometry with 3×3 fiber-optic couplers.” Optics Letters 28(22): 2162-2164.Applicant
- Choplin, N. T. and D. C. Lundy (2001). “The sensitivity and specificity of scanning laser polarimetry in the detection of glaucoma in a clinical setting.” Ophthalmology 108 (5): 899-904.Applicant
- Christens Barry, W. A., W. J. Green, et al. (1996). “Spatial mapping of polarized light transmission in the central rabbit cornea.” Experimental Eye Research 62(6): 651-662.Applicant
- Chvapil, M., D. P. Speer, et al. (1984). “Identification of the depth of burn injury by collagen stainability.” Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 73(3): 438-41.Applicant
- Cioffi, G. A. (2001). “Three common assumptions about ocular blood flow and glaucoma.” Survey of Ophthalmology 45: S325-S331.Applicant
- Coleman, A. L. (1999). “Glaucoma.” Lancet 354(9192): 1803-10.Applicant
- Collaborative Normal-Tension Glaucoma Study Group (1998). “Comparison of Glaucomatous Progression Between Untreated Patients With Normal Tension Glaucoma and Patients with Therapeutically Reduced Intraocular Pressures.” Am J Ophthalmol 126: 487-97.Applicant
- Collaborative Normal-Tension Glaucoma Study Group (1998). “The effectiveness of intraocular pressure reduction in the treatment of normal-tension glaucoma.” Am J Ophthalmol 126: 498-505.Applicant
- Collaborative Normal-Tension Glaucoma Study Group (2001). “Natural History of Normal-Tension Glaucoma.” Ophthalmology 108: 247-253.Applicant
- Colston, B. W., M. J. Everett, et al. (1998). “Imaging of hard- and soft-tissue structure in the oral cavity by optical coherence tomography.” Applied Optics 37(16): 3582-3585.Applicant
- Colston, B. W., U. S. Sathyam, et al. (1998). “Dental OCT.” Optics Express 3(6): 230-238.Applicant
- Congdon, N. G., D. S. Friedman, et al. (2003). “Important causes of visual impairment in the world today.” Jama—Journal of the American Medical Association 290(15): 2057-2060.Applicant
- Cregan, R. F., B. J. Mangan, et al. (1999). “Single-mode photonic band gap guidance of light in air.” Science 285(5433): 1537-1539.Applicant
- DalMolin, M., A. Galtarossa, et al. (1997). “Experimental investigation of linear polarization in high-birefringence single-mode fibers.” Applied Optics 36(12): 2526-2528.Applicant
- Danielson, B. L. and C. D. Whittenberg (1987). “Guided-Wave Reflectometry with Micrometer Resolution.” Applied Optics 26(14): 2836-2842.Applicant
- Dave, D. P. and T. E. Milner (2000). “Doppler-angle measurement in highly scattering media.” Optics Letters 25(20): 1523-1525.Applicant
- de Boer, J. F., T. E. Milner, et al. (1998). Two dimensional birefringence imaging in biological tissue using phase and polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography. Trends in Optics and Photonics (TOPS): Advances in Optical Imaging and Photon Migration, Orlando, USA, Optical Society of America, Washington, DC 1998.Applicant
- de Boer, J. F., C. E. Saxer, et al. (2001). “Stable carrier generation and phase-resolved digital data processing in optical coherence tomography.” Applied Optics 40(31): 5787-5790.Applicant
- Degroot, P. and L. Deck (1993). “3-Dimensional Imaging by Sub-Nyquist Sampling of White-Light Interferograms.” Optics Letters 18(17): 1462-1464.Applicant
- Denk, W., J. H. Strickler, et al. (1990). “2-Photon Laser Scanning Fluorescence Microscopy.” Science 248(4951): 73-76.Applicant
- Descour, M. R., A. H. O. Karkkainen, et al. (2002). “Toward the development of miniaturized Imaging systems for detection of pre-cancer.” IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 38(2): 122-130.Applicant
- Dettwiller, L. (1997). “Polarization state interference: A general investigation.” Pure and Applied Optics 6(1): 41-53.Applicant
- DiCarlo, C. D., W. P. Roach, et al. (1999). “Comparison of optical coherence tomography imaging of cataracts with histopathology.” Journal of Biomedical Optics 4.Applicant
- Ding, Z., Y. Zhao, et al. (2002). “Real-time phase-resolved optical coherence tomography and optical Doppler tomography.” Optics Express 10(5): 236-245.Applicant
- Dobrin, P. B. (1996). “Effect of histologic preparation on the cross-sectional area of arterial rings.” Journal of Surgical Research 61(2): 413-5.Applicant
- Donohue, D. J., B. J. Stoyanov, et al. (1995). “Numerical Modeling of the Corneas Lamellar Structure and Birefringence Properties.” Journal of the Optical Society of America a-Optics Image Science and Vision 12(7): 1425-1438.Applicant
- Doornbos, R. M. P., R. Lang, et al. (1999). “The determination of in vivo human tissue optical properties and absolute chromophore concentrations using spatially resolved steady-state diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.” Physics in Medicine and Biology 44(4): 967-981.Applicant
- Drexler, W., A. Baumgartner, et al. (1997). “Biometric investigation of changes in the anterior eye segment during accommodation.” Vision Research 37(19): 2789-2800.Applicant
- Drexler, W., A. Baumgartner, et al. (1997). “Submicrometer precision biometry of the anterior segment of the human eye.” Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 38(7): 1304-1313.Applicant
- Drexler, W., A. Baumgartner, et al. (1998). “Dual beam optical coherence tomography: signal identification for ophthalmologic diagnosis.” Journal of Biomedical Optics 3 (1): 55-65.Applicant
- Drexler, W., O. Findl, et al. (1998). “Partial coherence interferometry: A novel approach to biometry in cataract surgery.” American Journal of Ophthalmology 126(4): 524-534.Applicant
- Drexler, W., O. Findl, et al. (1997). “Clinical feasibility of dual beam optical coherence topography and tomography for ophthalmologic diagnosis.” Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 38(4): 1038-1038.Applicant
- Drexler, W., C. K. Hitzenberger, et al. (1998). “Investigation of dispersion effects in ocular media by multiple wavelength partial coherence interferometry.” Experimental Eye Research 66(1): 25-33.Applicant
- Drexler, W., C. K. Hitzenberger, et al. (1996). “(Sub)micrometer precision biometry of the human and eye by optical coherence tomography and topography.” Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 37(3): 4374-4374.Applicant
- Drexler, W., C. K. Hitzenberger, et aI. (1995). “Measurement of the Thickness of Fundus Layers by Partial Coherence Tomography.” Optical Engineering 34(3): 701-710.Applicant
- Drexler, W., U. Morgner, et al. (2001). “Ultrahigh-resolution ophthalmic optical coherence tomography.” Nature Medicine 7(4): 502-507.Applicant
- Drexler, W., U. Morgner, et al. (2001). “Ultrahigh-resolution ophthalmic optical coherence tomography. [erratum appears in Nat Med May 2001;7(5):636.].” Nature Medicine 7(4): 502-7.Applicant
- Drexler, W., H. Sattmann, et al. (2003). “Enhanced visualization of macular pathology with the use of ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography.” Archives of Ophthalmology 121(5): 695-706.Applicant
- Drexler, W., D. Stamper, et al. (2001). “Correlation of collagen organization with polarization sensitive imaging of in vitro cartilage: implications for osteoarthritis.” Journal of Rheumatology 28(6): 1311-8.Applicant
- Droog, E. J., W. Steenbergen, et al. (2001). “Measurement of depth of bums by laser Doppler perfusion imaging.” Burns 27(6): 561-8.Applicant
- Dubois, A., K. Grieve, et al. (2004). “Ultrahigh-resolution full-field optical coherence tomography.” Applied Optics 43(14): 2874-2883.Applicant
- Dubois, A., L. Vabre, et al. (2002). “High-resolution full-field optical coherence tomography with a Linnik microscope.” Applied Optics 41(4): 805-812.Applicant
- Ducros, M., M. Laubscher, et al. (2002). “Parallel optical coherence tomography in scattering samples using a two-dimensional smart-pixel detector array.” Optics Communications 202(1-3): 29-35.Applicant
- Ducros, M. G., J. D. Marsack, et al. (2001). “Primate retina imaging with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography.” Journal of the Optical Society of America a-Optics Image Science and Vision 18(12): 2945-2956.Applicant
- Duncan, A., J. H. Meek, et al. (1995). “Optical Pathlength Measurements on Adult Head, Calf and Forearm and the Head of the Newborn-Infant Using Phase-Resolved Optical Spectroscopy.” Physics in Medicine and Biology 40(2): 295-304.Applicant
- Eigensee, A., G. Haeusler, et al. (1996). “New method of short-coherence interferometry in human skin (in vivo) and in solid volume scatterers.” Proceedings of SPIE—The International Society for Optical Engineering 2925: 169-178.Applicant
- Eisenbeiss, W., J. Marotz, et al. (1999). “Reflection-optical multispectral imaging method for objective determination of burn depth.” Burns 25(8): 697-704.Applicant
- Elbaum, M., M. King, et al. (1972). “Wavelength-Diversity Technique for Reduction of Speckle Size.” Journal of the Optical Society of America 62(5): 732-&.Applicant
- Ervin, J. C., H. G. Lemij, et al. (2002). “Clinician change detection viewing longitudinal stereophotographs compared to confocal scanning laser tomography in the LSU Experimental Glaucoma (LEG) Study.” Ophthalmology 109(3): 467-81.Applicant
- Essenpreis, M., C. E. Elwell, et al. (1993). “Spectral Dependence of Temporal Point Spread Functions in Human Tissues.” Applied Optics 32(4): 418-425.Applicant
- Eun, H. C. (1995). “Evaluation of skin blood flow by laser Doppler flowmetry. [Review] [151 refs]” Clinics in Dermatology 13(4): 337-47.Applicant
- Evans, J. A., J. M. Poneros, et al. (2004). “Application of a histopathologic scoring system to optical coherence tomography (OCT) images to identify high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus.” Gastroenterology 126(4): A51-A51.Applicant
- Feldchtein, F. I., G. V. Gelikonov, et al. (1998). “In vivo OCT imaging of hard and soft tissue of the oral cavity.” Optics Express 3(6): 239-250.Applicant
- Feldchtein, F. I., G. V. Gelikonov, et al. (1998). “Endoscopic applications of optical coherence tomography.” Optics Express 3(6): 257-270.Applicant
- Fercher, A. F., W. Drexler, et al. (1997). “Optical ocular tomography.” Neuro-Ophthalmology 18(2): 39-49.Applicant
- Fercher, A. F., W. Drexler, et al. (1994). Measurement of optical distances by optical spectrum modulation. Proceedings of SPIE—The International Society for Optical Engineering.Applicant
- Fercher, A. F., W. Drexler, et al. (2003). “Optical coherence tomography—principles and applications.” Reports on Progress in Physics 66(2): 239-303.Applicant
- Fercher, A. F., C. Hitzenberger, et al. (1991). “Measurement of Intraocular Optical Distances Using Partially Coherent Laser-Light.” Journal of Modern Optics 38(7): 1327-1333.Applicant
- Fercher, A. F., C. K. Hitzenberger, et al. (1996). Ocular partial coherence interferometry. Proceedings of SPIE—The International Society for Optical Engineering.Applicant
- Fercher, A. F., C. K. Hitzenberger, et al. (1993). “In-Vivo Optical Coherence Tomography.” American Journal of Ophthalmology 116(1): 113-115.Applicant
- Fercher, A. F., C. K. Hitzenberger, et al. (1994). In-vivo dual-beam optical coherence tomography. Proceedings of SPIE—The International Society for Optical Engineering.Applicant
- Fercher, A. F., C. K. Hitzenberger, et al. (1995). “Measurement of Intraocular Distances by Backscattering Spectral Interferometry.” Optics Communications 117(1-2): 43-48.Applicant
- Fercher, A. F., C. K. Hitzenberger, et al. (2000). “A thermal light source technique for optical coherence tomography.” Optics Communications 185(1-3): 57-64.Applicant
- Fercher, A. F., C. K. Hitzenberger, et al. (2001). “Numerical dispersion compensation for Partial Coherence Interferometry and Optical Coherence Tomography.” Optics Express 9(12): 610-615.Applicant
- Fercher, A. F., C. K. Hitzenberger, et al. (2002). “Dispersion compensation for optical coherence tomography depth-scan signals by a numerical technique.” Optics Communications 204(1-6): 67-74.Applicant
- Fercher, A. F., H. C. Li, et al. (1993). “Slit Lamp Laser-Doppler Interferometer.” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 13(4): 447-452.Applicant
- Fercher, A. F., K. Mengedoht, et at. (1988). “Eye-Length Measurement by Interferometry with Partially Coherent-Light.” Optics Letters 13(3): 186-188.Applicant
- Ferro, P., M. Haelterman, et al. (1991). “All-Optical Polarization Switch with Long Low-Birefringence Fiber.” Electronics Letters 27(16): 1407-1408.Applicant
- Fetterman, M. R., D. Goswami, et al. (1998). “Ultrafast pulse shaping: amplification and characterization.” Optics Express 3(10): 366-375.Applicant
- Findl, O., W. Drexler, et al. (2001). “Improved prediction of intraocular lens power using partial coherence interferometry.” Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery 27 (6): 861-867.Applicant
- Fork, R. L., C. H. B. Cruz, et al. (1987). “Compression of Optical Pulses to 6 Femtoseconds by Using Cubic Phase Compensation.” Optics Letters 12(7): 483-485.Applicant
- Foschini, G. J. and C. D. Poole (1991). “Statistical-Theory of Polarization Dispersion in Single-Mode Fibers.” Journal of Lightwave Technology 9(11): 1439-1456.Applicant
- Francia, C., F. Bruyere, et al. (1998). “PMD second-order effects on pulse propagation in single-mode optical fibers.” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 10(12): 1739-1741.Applicant
- Fried, D., R. E. Glena, et al. (1995). “Nature of Light-Scattering in Dental Enamel and Dentin at Visible and near-Infrared Wavelengths.” Applied Optics 34(7): 1278-1285.Applicant
- Fujimoto, J. G., M. E. Brezinski, et al. (1995). “Optical Biopsy and Imaging Using Optical Coherence Tomography.” Nature Medicine 1(9): 970-972.Applicant
- Fukasawa, A. and H. lijima (2002). “Optical coherence tomography of choroidal osteoma.” American Journal of Ophthalmology 133(3): 419-21.Applicant
- Fymat, A. L. (1981). “High-Resolution Interferometric Spectrophotopolarimetry.” Optical Engineering 20(1): 25-30.Applicant
- Galtarossa, A., L. Palmieri, et al. (2000). “Statistical characterization of fiber random birefringence.” Optics Letters 25(18): 1322-1324.Applicant
- Galtarossa, A., L. Palmieri, et al. (2000). “Measurements of beat length and perturbation length in long single-mode fibers.” Optics Letters 25(6): 384-386.Applicant
- Gandjbakhche, A. H., P. Mills, et al. (1994). “Light-Scattering Technique for the Study of Orientation and Deformation of Red-Blood-Cells in a Concentrated Suspension.” Applied Optics 33(6): 1070-1078.Applicant
- Garcia, N. and M. Nieto-Vesperinas (2002). “Left-handed materials do not make a perfect lens.” Physical Review Letters 88(20).Applicant
- Gelikonov, V. M., G. V. Gelikonov, et al. (1995). “Coherent Optical Tomography of Microscopic Inhomogeneities in Biological Tissues.” Jetp Letters 61(2): 158-162.Applicant
- George, N. and A. Jain (1973). “Speckle Reduction Using Multiple Tones of Illumination.” Applied Optics 12(6): 1202-1212.Applicant
- Gibson, G. N., R. Klank, et al. (1996). “Electro-optically cavity-dumped ultrashort-pulse Ti:sapphire oscillator.” Optics Letters 21(14): 1055.Applicant
- Gil, J. J. (2000). “Characteristic properties of Mueller matrices.” Journal of the Optical Society of America a-Optics Image Science and Vision 17(2): 328-334.Applicant
- Gil, J. J. and E. Bernabeu (1987). “Obtainment of the Polarizing and Retardation Parameters of a Nondepolarizing Optical-System from the Polar Decomposition of Its Mueller Matrix.” Optik 76(2):67-71.Applicant
- Gladkova, N. D., G. A. Petrova, et al. (2000). “In vivo optical coherence tomography imaging of human skin: norm and pathology.” Skin Research and Technology 6 (1): 6-16.Applicant
- Glaessl, A., A. G. Schreyer, et al. (2001). “Laser surgical planning with magnetic resonance imaging-based 3-dimensional reconstructions for intralesional Nd : YAG laser therapy of a venous malformation of the neck.” Archives of Dermatology 137(10): 1331-1335.Applicant
- Gloesmann, M., B. Hermann, et al. (2003). “Histologic correlation of pig retina radial stratification with ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography.” Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 44(4): 1696-1703.Applicant
- Goldberg, L. and D. Mehuys (1994). “High-Power Superluminescent Diode Source.” Electronics Letters 30(20): 1682-1684.Applicant
- Goldsmith, J. A., Y. Li, et al. (2005). “Anterior chamber width measurement by high speed optical coherence tomography.” Ophthalmology 112(2): 238-244.Applicant
- Goldstein, L. E., J. A. Muffat, et al. (2003). “Cytosolic beta-amyloid deposition and supranuclear cataracts in lenses from people with Alzheimer's disease.” Lancet 361(9365): 1258-1265.Applicant
- Golubovic, B., B. E. Bouma, et al. (1996). “Thin crystal, room-temperature Cr/sup 4+/:forstefite laser using near-infrared pumping.” Optics Letters 21(24): 1993-1995.Applicant
- Gonzalez, S. and Z. Tannous (2002). “Real-time, in vivo confocal reflectance microscopy of basal cell carcinoma.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 47(6): 869-874.Applicant
- Gordon, M. O. and M. A. Kass (1999). “The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study: design and baseline description of the participants.” Archives of Ophthalmology 117(5): 573-83.Applicant
- Grayson, T. P., J. R. Torgerson, et al. (1994). “Observation of a Nonlocal Pancharatnam Phase-Shift In the Process of Induced Coherence without Induced Emission.” Physical Review A 49(1): 626-628.Applicant
- Greaney, M. J., D. C. Hoffman, et al. (2002). “Comparison of optic nerve imaging methods to distinguish normal eyes from those with glaucoma.” Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 43(1): 140-5.Applicant
- Greenfield, D. S., H. Bagga, et al. (2003). “Macular thickness changes in glaucomatous optic neuropathy detected using optical coherence tomography.” Archives of Ophthalmology 121(1): 41-46.Applicant
- Greenfield, D. S., R. W. Knighton, et al. (2000). “Effect of corneal polarization axis on assessment of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness by scanning laser polarimetry.” American Journal of Ophthalmology 129(6): 715-722.Applicant
- Griffin, R. A., D. D. Sampson, et al. (1995). “Coherence Coding for Photonic Code-Division Multiple-Access Networks.” Journal of Lightwave Technology 13(9): 1826-1837.Applicant
- Guedes, V., J. S. Schuman, et al. (2003). “Optical coherence tomography measurement of macular and nerve fiber layer thickness in normal and glaucomatous human eyes.” Ophthalmology 110(1): 177-189.Applicant
- Gueugniaud, P. Y., H. Carsin, et al. (2000). “Current advances in the initial management of major thermal burns. [Review] [76 refs].” Intensive Care Medicine 26(7): 848-56.Applicant
- Guido, S. and R. T. Tranquillo (1993). “A Methodology for the Systematic and Quantitative Study of Cell Contact Guidance in Oriented Collagen Gels—Correlation of Fibroblast Orientation and Gel Birefringence.” Journal of Cell Science 105: 317-331.Applicant
- Gurses-Ozden, R., H. Ishikawa, et al. (1999). “Increasing sampling density improves reproducibility of optical coherence tomography measurements.” Journal of Glaucoma 8(4): 238-41.Applicant
- Guzzi, R. (1998). “Scattering Theory from Homogeneous and Coated Spheres.” 1-11.Applicant
- Haberland, U. B., Vladimir; Schmitt, Hans J. (1996). “Optical coherent tomography of scattering media using electrically tunable near-infrared semiconductor laser.” Applied Optics.Applicant
- Haberland, U. R., Walter; Blazek, Vladimir; Schmitt, Hans J. (1995). “Investigation of highly scattering media using near-infrared continuous wave tunable semiconductor laser.” Proc. SPIE , 2389: 503-512.Applicant
- Hale, G. M. and M. R. Querry (1973). “Optical-Constants of Water in 200-Nm to 200-Mum Wavelength Region.” Applied Optics 12(3): 555-563.Applicant
- Hammer, D. X., R. D. Ferguson, et al. (2002). “Image stabilization for scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.” Optics Express 10(26): 1542.Applicant
- Hara, T., Y. Ooi, et al. (1989). “Transfer Characteristics of the Microchannel Spatial Light-Modulator.” Applied Optics 28(22): 4781-4786.Applicant
- Harland, C. C., S. G. Kale, et al. (2000). “Differentiation of common benign pigmented skin lesions from melanoma by high-resolution ultrasound.” British Journal of Dermatology 143(2): 281-289.Applicant
- Hard, I., X. D. Li, et al. (2001). “Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography using continuum generation in an air-silica microstructure optical fiber.” Optics Letters 26(9): 608-610.Applicant
- Hassenstein, A., A. A. Bialasiewicz, et al. (2000). “Optical coherence tomography in uveitis patients.” American Journal of Ophthalmology 130(5): 669-70.Applicant
- Hattenhauer, M. G., D. H. Johnson, et al. (1998). “The probability of blindness from open-angle glaucoma. [see comments].” Ophthalmology 105(11): 2099-104.Applicant
- Hausler, G., J. M. Herrmann, et al. (1996). “Observation of light propagation in volume scatterers with 10(11)-fold slow motion.” Optics Letters 21(14): 1087-1089.Applicant
- Hazebroek, H. F. and A. A. Holscher (1973). “Interferometric Ellipsometry.” Journal of Physics E-Scientific Instruments 6(9): 822-826.Applicant
- Hazebroek, H. F. and W. M. Visser (1983). “Automated Laser Interferometric Ellipsometry and Precision Reflectometry.” Journal of Physics E-Scientific Instruments 16(7): 654-661.Applicant
- He, Z. Y., N. Mukohzaka, et al. (1997). “Selective image extraction by synthesis of the coherence function using two-dimensional optical lock-in amplifier with microchannel spatial light modulator.” Ieee Photonics Technology Letters 9(4): 514-516.Applicant
- Hee, M. R., J. A. Izatt, et al. (1993). “Femtosecond Transillumination Optical Coherence Tomography.” Optics Letters 18(12): 950-952.Applicant
- Hee, M. R., J. A. Izatt, et al. (1995). “Optical coherence tomography of the human retina.” Archives of Ophthalmology 113(3): 325-32.Applicant
- Hee, M. R., C. A. Puliafito, et al. (1998). “Topography of diabetic macular edema with optical coherence tomography.” Ophthalmology 105(2): 360-70.Applicant
- Hee, M. R., C. A. Puliafito, et al. (1995). “Quantitative assessment of macular edema with optical coherence tomography.” Archives of Ophthalmology 113(8): 1019-29.Applicant
- Hellmuth, T. and M. Welle (1998). “Simultaneous measurement of dispersion, spectrum, and distance with a fourier transform spectrometer.” Journal of Biomedical Optics 3(1): 7-11.Applicant
- Hemenger, R. P. (1989). “Birefringence of a medium of tenuous parallel cylinders.” Applied Optics 28(18): 4030-4034.Applicant
- Henry, M. (1981). “Fresnel-Arago Laws for Interference in Polarized-Light—Demonstration Experiment.” American Journal of Physics 49(7): 690-691.Applicant
- Herz, P. R., Y. Chen, et al. (2004). “Micromotor endoscope catheter for in vivo, ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography.” Optics Letters 29(19): 2261-2263.Applicant
- Hirakawa, H., H. Iijima, et al. (1999). “Optical coherence tomography of cystoid macular edema associated with retinitis pigmentosa.” American Journal of Ophthalmology 128(2): 185-91.Applicant
- Hitzenberger, C. K., A. Baumgartner, et al. (1994). “Interferometric Measurement of Corneal Thickness with Micrometer Precision.” American Journal of Ophthalmology 118(4): 468-476.Applicant
- Hitzenberger, C. K., A. Baumgartner, et al. (1999). “Dispersion effects in partial coherence interferometry: Implications for intraocular ranging.” Journal of Biomedical Optics 4(1): 144-151.Applicant
- Hitzenberger, C. K., A. Baumgartner, et al. (1998). “Dispersion induced multiple signal peak splitting in partial coherence interferometry.” Optics Communications 154 (4): 179-185.Applicant
- Hitzenberger, C. K., M. Danner, et al. (1999). “Measurement of the spatial coherence of superluminescent diodes.” Journal of Modern Optics 46(12): 1763-1774.Applicant
- Hitzenberger, C. K. and A. F. Fercher (1999). “Differential phase contrast in optical coherence tomography.” Optics Letters 24(9): 622-624.Applicant
- Hitzenberger, C. K., M. Sticker, et al. (2001). “Differential phase measurements in low-coherence interferometry without 2 pi ambiguity.” Optics Letters 26(23): 1864-1866.Applicant
- Hoeling, B. M., A. D. Fernandez, et al. (2000). “An optical coherence microscope for 3-dimensional imaging in developmental biology.” Optics Express 6(7): 136-146.Applicant
- Hoerauf, H., C. Scholz, et al. (2002). “Transscleral optical coherence tomography: a new imaging method for the anterior segment of the eye.” Archives of Ophthalmology 120(6): 816-9.Applicant
- Hoffmann, K., M. Happe, et al. (1998). “Optical coherence tomography (OCT) in dermatology.” Journal of Investigative Dermatology 110(4): 583-583.Applicant
- Hoh, S. T., D. S. Greenfield, et al. (2000). “Optical coherence tomography and scanning laser polarimetry in normal, ocular hypertensive, and glaucomatous eyes.” American Journal of Ophthalmology 129(2): 129-35.Applicant
- Hohenleutner, U., M. Hilbert, et al. (1995). “Epidermal Damage and Limited Coagulation Depth with the Flashlamp-Pumped Pulsed Dye-Laser—a Histochemical-Study.” Journal of Investigative Dermatology 104(5): 798-802.Applicant
- Holland, A. J. A., H. C. O. Martin, et al. (2002). “Laser Doppler imaging prediction of burn wound outcome in children.” Burns 28(1): 11-17.Applicant
- Hotate, K. and T. Okugawa (1994). “Optical Information-Processing by Synthesis of the Coherence Function.” Journal of Lightwave Technology 12(7): 1247-1255.Applicant
- Hourdakis, C. J. and A. Perris (1995). “A Monte-Carlo Estimation of Tissue Optical-Properties for Use in Laser Dosimetry.” Physics in Medicine and Biology 40(3): 351-364.Applicant
- Hu, Z., F. Li, et al. (2000). “Wavelength-tunable narrow-linewidth semiconductor fiber-ring laser.” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 12(8): 977-979.Applicant
- Huang, F., W. Yang, et al. (2001). “Quadrature spectral interferometric detection and pulse shaping.” Optics Letters 26(6): 382-384.Applicant
- Huang, X. R. and R. W. Knighton (2002). “Linear birefringence of the retinal nerve fiber layer measured in vitro with a multispectral imaging micropolarimeter.” Journal of Biomedical Optics 7(2): 199-204.Applicant
- Huber, R., M. Wojtkowski, et al. (2005). “Amplified, frequency swept lasers for frequency domain reflectometry and OCT imaging: design and scaling principles.” Optics Express 13(9): 3513-3528.Applicant
- Hunter, D. G., J. C. Sandruck, et al. (1999). “Mathematical modeling of retinal birefringence scanning.” Journal of the Optical Society of America a-Optics Image Science and Vision 16(9): 2103-2111.Applicant
- Hurwitz, H. H. and R. C. Jones (1941). “A new calculus for the treatment of optical systems II. Proof of three general equivalence theorems.” Journal of the Optical Society of America 31(7): 493-499.Applicant
- Huttner, B., C. De Barros, et al. (1999). “Polarization-induced pulse spreading in birefringent optical fibers with zero differential group delay.” Optics Letters 24(6): 370-372.Applicant
- Huttner, B., B. Gisin, et al. (1999). “Distributed PMD measurement with a polarization-OTDR in optical fibers.” Journal of Lightwave Technology 17(10): 1843-1848.Applicant
- Huttner, B., J. Reecht, et al. (1998). “Local birefringence measurements in single-mode fibers with coherent optical frequency-domain reflectometry.” Ieee Photonics Technology Letters 10(10): 1458-1460.Applicant
- Hyde, S. C. W., N. P. Barry, et al. (1995). “Sub-100-Mu-M Depth-Resolved Holographic Imaging through Scattering Media in the near-Infrared.” Optics Letters 20(22): 2330-2332.Applicant
- Hyde, S. C. W., N. P. Barry, et al. (1995). “Depth-Resolved Holographic Imaging through Scattering Media by Photorefraction.” Optics Letters 20(11): 1331-1333.Applicant
- Iftimia, N. V., B. E. Bouma, et al. (2004). “Adaptive ranging for optical coherence tomography.” Optics Express 12(17): 4025-4034.Applicant
- Iida, T., N. Hagimura, et al. (2000). “Evaluation of central serous chorioretinopathy with optical coherence tomography.” American Journal of Ophthalmology 129(1): 16-20.Applicant
- Imai, M., H. Iijima, et al. (2001). “Optical coherence tomography of tractional macular elevations in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. [republished in Am J Ophthalmol. Sep. 2001;132(3):458-61 ; 11530091.].” American Journal of Ophthalmology 132(1): 81-4.Applicant
- Indebetouw, G. and P. Klysubun (2000). “Imaging through scattering media with depth resolution by use of low-coherence gating in spatiotemporal digital holography.” Optics Letters 25(4): 212-214.Applicant
- Ip, M. S., B. J. Baker, et al. (2002). “Anatomical outcomes of surgery for idiopathic macular hole as determined by optical coherence tomography.” Archives of Ophthalmology 120(1): 29-35.Applicant
- Ismail, R., V. Tanner, et al. (2002). “Optical coherence tomography imaging of severe commotio retinae and associated macular hole.” British Journal of Ophthalmology 86(4): 473-4.Applicant
- Izatt, J. A., M. R. Hee, et al. (1994). “Optical Coherence Microscopy in Scattering Media.” Optics Letters 19(8): 590-592.Applicant
- Izatt, J. A., M. R. Hee, et al. (1994). “Micrometer-scale resolution imaging of the anterior eye in vivo with optical coherence tomography.” Archives of Ophthalmology 112 (12): 1584-9.Applicant
- Izatt, J. A., M. D. Kulkami, et al. (1997). “In vivo bidirectional color Doppler flow imaging of picoliter blood volumes using optical coherence tomogrfaphy.” Optics Letters 22(18): 1439-1441.Applicant
- Izatt, J. A., M. D. Kulkarni, et al. (1996). “Optical coherence tomography and microscopy in gastrointestinal tissues.” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 2(4): 1017.Applicant
- Jacques, S. L., J. S. Nelson, et al. (1993). “Pulsed Photothermal Radiometry of Port-Wine-Stain Lesions.” Applied Optics 32(13): 2439-2446.Applicant
- Jacques, S. L., J. R. Roman, et al. (2000). “Imaging superficial tissues with polarized light.” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 26(2): 119-129.Applicant
- Jang, I. K., B. E. Bouma, et al. (2002). “Visualization of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients using optical coherence tomography: Comparison with intravascular ultrasound.” Journal of the American College of Cardiology 39(4): 604-609.Applicant
- Jang, I. K., B. D. MacNeill, et al. (2002). “In-vivo characterization of coronary plaques in patients with ST elevation acute myocardial infarction using optical coherence tomography (OCT).” Circulation 106(19): 698-698 3440 Suppl. S,.Applicant
- Jang, I. K., G. J. Tearney, et al. (2000). “Comparison of optical coherence tomography and intravascular ultrasound for detection of coronary plaques with large lipid-core in living patients.” Circulation 102(18): 509-509.Applicant
- Jeng, J. C., A. Bridgeman, et al. (2003). “Laser Doppler imaging determines need for excision and grafting in advance of clinical judgment: a prospective blinded trial.” Burns 29(7): 665-670.Applicant
- Jesser, C. A., S. A. Boppart, et al. (1999). “High resolution imaging of transitional cell carcinoma with optical coherence tomography: feasibility for the evaluation of bladder pathology.” British Journal of Radiology 72: 1170-1176.Applicant
- Johnson, C. A., J. L. Keltner, et al. (2002). “Baseline visual field characteristics in the ocular hypertensiod treatment study.” Ophthalmology 109(3): 432-7.Applicant
- Jones, R. C. (1941). “A new calculus for the treatment of optical systems III. The Sohncke theory of optical activity.” Journal of the Optical Society of America 31 (7): 500-503.Applicant
- Jones, R. C. (1941). “A new calculus for the treatment of optical systems I. Description and discussion of the calculus.” Journal of the Optical Society of America 31(7): 488-493.Applicant
- Jones, R. C. (1942). “A new calculus for the treatment of optical systems. IV.” Journal of the Optical Society of America 32(8): 486-493.Applicant
- Jones, R. C. (1947). “A New Calculus for the Treatment of Optical Systems .6. Experimental Determination of the Matrix.” Journal of the Optical Society of America 37(2): 110-112.Applicant
- Jones, R. C. (1947). “A New Calculus for the Treatment of Optical Systems .5. A More General Formulation, and Description of Another Calculus.” Journal of the Optical Society of America 37(2): 107-110.Applicant
- Jones, R. C. (1948). “A New Calculus for the Treatment of Optical Systems .7. Properties of the N-Matrices.” Journal of the Optical Society of America 38(8): 671-685.Applicant
- Jones, R. C. (1956). “New Calculus for the Treatment of Optical Systems .8. Electromagnetic Theory.” Journal of the Optical Society of America 46(2): 126-131.Applicant
- Jopson, R. M., L. E. Nelson, et al. (1999). “Measurement of second-order polarization-mode dispersion vectors in optical fibers.” Ieee Photonics Technology Letters 11 (9): 1153-1155.Applicant
- Jost, B. M., A. V. Sergienko, et al. (1998). “Spatial correlations of spontaneously down-converted photon pairs detected with a single-photon-sensitive CCD camera.” Optics Express 3(2): 81-88.Applicant
- Kaplan, B., E. Compain, et al. (2000). “Phase-modulated Mueller ellipsometry characterization of scattering by latex sphere suspensions.” Applied Optics 39 (4): 629-636.Applicant
- Kass, M. A., D. K. Heuer, et al. (2002). “The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study: a randomized trial determines that topical ocular hypotensive medication delays or prevents the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma.” Archives of Ophthalmology 120(6): 701-13; discussion 829-30.Applicant
- Kasuga, Y., J. Arai, et al. (2000). “Optical coherence tomograghy to confirm early closure of macular holes.” American Journal of Ophthalmology 130(5): 675-6.Applicant
- Kaufman, T., S. N. Lusthaus, et al. (1990). “Deep Partial Skin Thickness Burns—a Reproducible Animal-Model to Study Burn Wound-Healing.” Burns 16(1): 13-16.Applicant
- Kemp, N. J., J. Park, et al. (2005). “High-sensitivity determination of birefringence in turbid media with enhanced polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography.” Journal of the Optical Society of America a-Optics Image Science and Vision 22(3): 552-560.Applicant
- Kerrigan-Baumrind, L. A., H. A. Quigley, et al. (2000). “Number of ganglion cells in glaucoma eyes compared with threshold visual field tests in the same persons.” Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 41(3): 741-8.Applicant
- Kesen, M. R., G. L. Spaeth, et al. (2002). “The Heidelberg Retina Tomograph vs clinical impression in the diagnosis of glaucoma.” American Journal of Ophthalmology 133(5): 613-6.Applicant
- Kienle, A. and R. Hibst (1995). “A New Optimal Wavelength for Treatment of Port-Wine Stains.” Physics in Medicine and Biology 40(10): 1559-1576.Applicant
- Kienle, A., L. Lilge, et al. (1996). “Spatially resolved absolute diffuse reflectance measurements for noninvasive determination of the optical scattering and absorption coefficients of biological tissue.” Applied Optics 35(13): 2304-2314.Applicant
- Kim, B. Y. and S. S. Choi (1981). “Analysis and Measurement of Birefringence in Single-Mode Fibers Using the Backscattering Method.” Optics Letters 6(11): 578-580.Applicant
- Kimel, S., L. O. Svaasand, et al. (1994). “Differential Vascular-Response to Laser Photothermolysis.” Journal of Investigative Dermatology 103(5): 693-700.Applicant
- Kloppenberg, F. W. H., G. Beerthuizen, et al. (2001). “Perfusion of burn wounds assessed by Laser Doppler Imaging is related to burn depth and healing time.” Burns 27(4): 359-363.Applicant
- Knighton, R. W. and X. R. Huang (2002). “Analytical methods for scanning laser polarimetry.” Optics Express 10(21): 1179-1189.Applicant
- Knighton, R. W., X. R. Huang, et al. (2002). “Analytical model of scanning laser polarimetry for retinal nerve fiber layer assessment.” Investigative Ophtalmology & Visual Science 43(2): 383-392.Applicant
- Knuettel, A. R. S., Joseph M.: Shay, M.; Knutson, Jay R. (1994). “Stationary low-coherence light imaging and spectroscopy using a CCD camera.” Proc. SPIE , vol. 2135: p. 239-250.Applicant
- Knuttel, A. and M. Boehlau-Godau (2000). “Spatially confined and temporally resolved refractive index and scattering evaluation in human skin performed with optical coherence tomography.” Journal of Biomedical Optics 5(1): 83-92.Applicant
- Knuttel, A. and J. M. Schmitt (1993). “Stationary Depth-Profiling Reflectometer Based on Low-Coherence Interferometry.” Optics Communications 102(3-4): 193-198.Applicant
- Knuttel, A., J. M. Schmitt, et al. (1994). “Low-Coherence Reflectometry for Stationary Lateral and Depth Profiling with Acoustooptic Deflectors and a CCD Camera.” Optics Letters 19(4): 302-304.Applicant
- Kobayashi, M., H. Hanafusa, et al. (1991). “Polarization-Independent Interferometric Optical-Time-Domain Reflectometer.” Journal of Lightwave Technology 9(5): 623-628.Applicant
- Kolios, M. C., M. D. Sherar, et al. (1995). “Large Blood-Vessel Cooling in Heated Tissues—a Numerical Study.” Physics in Medicine and Biology 40(4): 477-494.Applicant
- Koozekanani, D., K. Boyer, et al. (2001). “Retinal thickness measurements from optical coherence tomography using a Markov boundary model.” Ieee Transactions on Medical Imaging 20(9): 900-916.Applicant
- Kop, R. H. J. and R. Sprik (1995). “Phase-sensitive interferometry with ultrashort optical pulses.” Review of Scientific Instruments 66(12): 5459-5463.Applicant
- Kramer, R. Z., J. Bella, et al. (1999). “Sequence dependent conformational variations of collagen triple-helical structure.” Nature Structural Biology 6(5): 454-7.Applicant
- Kulkarni, M. D., T. G. van Leeuwen, et al. (1998). “Velocity-estimation accuracy and frame-rate limitations in color Doppler optical coherence tomography.” Optics Letters 23(13): 1057-1059.Applicant
- Kwon, Y. H., C. S. Kim, et al. (2001). “Rate of visual field loss and long-term visual outcome in primary open-angle glaucoma.” American Journal of Ophthalmology 132(1): 47-56.Applicant
- Kwong, K. F., D. Yankelevich, et al. (1993). “400-Hz Mechanical Scanning Optical Delay-Line.” Optics Letters 18(7): 558-560.Applicant
- Landers, J., I. Goldberg, et al. (2002). “Analysis of risk factors that may be associated with progression from ocular hypertension to primary open angle glaucoma.” Clin Experiment Ophthalmogy 30(4): 242-7.Applicant
- Laszlo, A. and A. Venetianer (1998). Heat resistance in mammalian cells: Lessons and challenges. Stress of Life. 851: 169-178.Applicant
- Laszlo, A. and A. Venetianer (1998). “Heat resistance in mammalian cells: lessons and challenges. [Review] [52 refs].” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 851: 169-78.Applicant
- Laufer, J., R. Simpson, et al. (1998). “Effect of temperature on the optical properties of ex vivo human dermis and subdermis.” Physics in Medicine and Biology 43(9): 2479-2489.Applicant
- Lederer, D. E., J. S. Schuman, et al. (2003). “Analysis of macular volume in normal and glaucomatous eyes using optical coherence tomography.” American Journal of Ophthalmology 135(6): 838-843.Applicant
- Lee, P. P., Z. W. Feldman, et al. (2003). “Longitudinal prevalence of major eye diseases.” Archives of Ophthalmology 121(9): 1303-1310.Applicant
- Lehrer, M. S., T. T. Sun, et al. (1998). “Strategies of epithelial repair: modulation of stem cell and transit amplifying cell proliferation.” Journal of Cell Science 111(Pt 19): 2867-75.Applicant
- Leibowitz, H. M., D. E. Krueger, et al. (1980). “The Framingham Eye Study monograph: An ophthalmological and epidemiological study of cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, and visual acuity in a general population of 2631 adults, 1973-1975.” Survey of Ophthalmology 24(Suppl): 335-610.Applicant
- Leitgeb, R., C. K. Hitzenberger, et al. (2003). “Performance of fourier domain vs. time domain optical coherence tomography.” Optics Express 11(8): 889-894.Applicant
- Leitgeb, R., L. F. Schmetterer, et al. (2002). “Flow velocity measurements by frequency domain short coherence interferometry.” Proc. SPIE 4619: 16-21.Applicant
- Leitgeb, R. A., W. Drexler, et al. (2004). “Ultrahigh resolution Fourier domain optical coherence tomography.” Optics Express 12(10): 2156-2165.Applicant
- Leitgeb, R. A., C. K. Hitzenberger, et al. (2003). “Phase-shifting algorithm to achieve high-speed long-depth-range probing by frequency-domain optical coherence tomography.” Optics Letters 28(22): 2201-2203.Applicant
- Leitgeb, R. A., L. Schmetterer, et al. (2003). “Real-time assessment of retinal blood flow with ultrafast acquisition by color Doppler Fourier domain optical coherence tomography.” Optics Express 11(23): 3116-3121.Applicant
- Leitgeb, R. A., L. Schmetterer, et al. (2004). “Real-time measurement of in vitro flow by Fourier-domain color Doppler optical coherence tomography.” Optics Letters 29 (2): 171-173.Applicant
- LeRoyBrehonnet, F. and B. LeJeune (1997). “Utilization of Mueller matrix formalism to obtain optical targets depolarization and polarization properties.” Progress in Quantum Electronics 21(2): 109-151.Applicant
- Leske, M. C., A. M. Connell, et al. (1995). “Risk factors for open-angle glaucoma. The Barbados Eye Study. [see comments].” Archives of Ophthalmology 113(7): 918-24.Applicant
- Leske, M. C., A. M. Connell, et al. (2001). “Incidence of open-angle glaucoma: The Barbados Eye Studies. The Barbados Eye Studies Group. [see comments].” Archives of Ophthalmology 119(1): 89-95.Applicant
- Leske, M. C., A. Heijl, et al. (1999). “Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial. Design and Baseline Data.” Ophthalmology 106(11): 2144-2153.Applicant
- Lewis, S. E., J. R. DeBoer, et al. (2005). “Sensitive, selective, and analytical improvements to a porous silicon gas sensor.” Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 110(1): 54-65.Applicant
- Lexer, F., C. K. Hitzenberger, et al. (1999). “Dynamic coherent focus OCT with depth-independent transversal resolution.” Journal of Modern Optics 46(3): 541-553.Applicant
- Li, X., C. Chudoba, et al. (2000). “Imaging needle for optical coherence tomography.” Optics Letters 25: 1520-1522.Applicant
- Li, X., T. H. Ko, et al. (2001). “Intraluminal fiber-optic Doppler imaging catheter for structural and functional optical coherence tomography.” Optics Letters 26: 1906-1908.Applicant
- Liddington, M. I. and P. G. Shakespeare (1996). “Timing of the thermographic assessment of burns.” Burns 22(1): 26-8.Applicant
- Lindmo, T., D. J. Smithies, et al. (1998). “Accuracy and noise in optical Doppler tomography studied by Monte Carlo simulation.” Physics in Medicine and Biology 43(10): 3045-3064.Applicant
- Liu, J., X. Chen, et al. (1999). “New thermal wave aspects on burn evaluation of skin subjected to instantaneous heating:” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 46(4): 420-8.Applicant
- Luke, D. G., R. McBride, et al. (1995). “Polarization mode dispersion minimization in fiber-wound piezoelectric cylinders.” Optics Letters 20(24): 2550-2552.Applicant
- MacNeill, B. D., I. K. Jong, et al. (2004). “Focal and multi-focal plaque distributions in patients with macrophage acute and stable presentations of coronary artery disease.” Journal of the American College of Cardiology 44(5): 972-979.Applicant
- Mahgerefteh, D. and C. R. Menyuk (1999). “Effect of first-order PMD compensation on the statistics of pulse broadening in a fiber with randomly varying birefringence.” Ieee Photonics Technology Letters 11(3): 340-342.Applicant
- Maitland, D. J. and J. T. Walsh, Jr. (1997). “Quantitative measurements of linear birefringence during heating of native collagen:” Lasers in Surgery & Medicine 20 (3): 310-8.Applicant
- Majaron, B., S. M. Srinivas, et al. (2000). “Deep coagulation of dermal collagen with repetitive Er : YAG laser irradiation.” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 26(2): 215-222.Applicant
- Mansuripur, M. (1991). “Effects of High-Numerical-Aperture Focusing on the State of Polarization in Optical and Magnetooptic Data-Storage Systems.” Applied Optics 30(22): 3154-3162.Applicant
- Marshall, G. W., S. J. Marshall, et al. (1997). “The dentin substrate: structure and properties related to bonding.” Journal of Dentistry 25(6): 441-458.Applicant
- Martin, P. (1997). “Wound healing—Aiming for perfect skin regeneration.” Science 276 (5309): 75-81.Applicant
- Martinez, O. E. (1987). “3000 Times Grating Compressor with Positive Group-Velocity Dispersion—Application to Fiber Compensation in 1.3-1.6 Mu-M Region.” Ieee Journal of Quantum Electronics 23(1): 59-64.Applicant
- Martinez, O. E., J. P. Gordon, et al. (1984). “Negative Group-Velocity Dispersion Using Refraction.” Journal of the Optical Society of America a-Optics Image Science and Vision 1(10): 1003-1006.Applicant
- McKinney, J. D., M. A. Webster, et al. (2000). “Characterization and imaging in optically scattering media by use of laser-speckle and a variable-coherence source.” Optics Letters 25(1): 4-6.Applicant
- Miglior, S., M. Casula, et al. (2001). “Clinical ability of Heidelberg retinal tomograph examination to detect glaucomatous visual field changes.” Ophthalmology 108 (9): 1621-7.Applicant
- Milner, T. E., D. M. Goodman, et al. (1996). “Imaging laser heated subsurface chromophores in biological materials: Determination of lateral physical dimensions.” Physics in Medicine and Biology 41(1): 31-44.Applicant
- Milner, T. E., D. M. Goodman, et al. (1995). “Depth Profiling of Laser-Heated Chromophores in Biological Tissues by Pulsed Photothermal Radiometry.” Journal of the Optical Society of America a—Optics Image Science and Vision 12 (7): 1479-1488.Applicant
- Milner, T. E., D. J. Smithies, et al. (1996). “Depth determination of chromophores in human skin by pulsed photothermal radiometry.” Applied Optics 35(19): 3379-3385.Applicant
- Mishchenko, M. I. and J. W. Hovenier (1995). “Depolarization of Light Backscattered by Randomly Oriented Nonspherical Particles.” Optics Letters 20(12): 1356-&.Applicant
- Mistlberger, A., J. M. Liebmann, et al. (1999). “Heidelberg retina tomography and optical coherence tomography in normal, ocular-hypertensive, and glaucomatous eyes.” Ophthalmology 106(10): 2027-32.Applicant
- Mitsui, T. (1999). “High-speed detection of ballistic photons propagating through suspensions using spectral interferometry.” Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Part 1—Regular Papers Short Notes & Review Papers 38(5A): 2978-2982.Applicant
- Molteno, A. C., N. J. Bosma, et al. (1999). “Otago glaucoma surgery outcome study: long-term results of trabeculectomy—1976 to 1995.” Ophthalmology 106(9): 1742-50.Applicant
- Morgner, U., W. Drexler, et al. (2000). “Spectroscopic optical coherence tomography.” Optics Letters 25(2): 111-113.Applicant
- Morgner, U., F. X. Kartner, et al. (1999). “Sub-two-cycle pulses from a Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti : sapphire laser (vol. 24, p. 411, 1999).” Optics Letters 24(13): 920-920.Applicant
- Mourant, J. R., A. H. Hielscher, et al. (1998). “Evidence of intrinsic differences in the light scattering properties of tumorigenic and nontumorigenic cells.” Cancer Cytopathology 84(6): 366-374.Applicant
- Muller, M., J. Squier, et al. (1998). “Dispersion pre-compensation of 15 femtosecond optical pulses for high-numerical-aperture objectives.” Journal of Microscopy—Oxford 191: 141-150.Applicant
- Muscat, S., N. McKay, et al. (2002). “Repeatability and reproducibility of corneal thickness measurements by optical coherence tomography.” Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 43(6): 1791-5.Applicant
- Musch, D. C., P. R. Lichter, et al. (1999). “The Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study. Study Design, Methods, and Baseline Characteristics of Enrolled Patients.” Ophthalmology 106: 653-662.Applicant
- Neerken, S., Lucassen, G.W., Bisschop, M.A., Lenderink, E., Nuijs, T.A.M. (2004). “Characterization of age-related effects in human skin: A comparative study that applies confocal laser scanning microscopy and optical coherence tomography.” Journal of Biomedical Optics 9(2): 274-281.Applicant
- Nelson, J. S., K. M. Kelly, et al. (2001). “Imaging blood flow in human port-wine stain in situ and in real time using optical Doppler Tomography.” Archives of Dermatology 137(6): 741-744.Applicant
- Newson, T. P., F. Farahi, et al. (1988). “Combined Interferometric and Polarimetric Fiber Optic Temperature Sensor with a Short Coherence Length Source.” Optics Communications 68(3): 161-165.Applicant
- Nov., L. J. (1993). “Recovery of the Matrix Operators in the Similarity and Congruency Transformations—Applications in Polarimetry.” Journal of the Optical Society of America a-Optics Image Science and Vision 10(4): 719-739.Applicant
- Oh, W. Y., S. H. Yun, et al. (2005). “Wide tuning range wavelength-swept laser with two semiconductor optical amplifiers.” Ieee Photonics Technology Letters 17(3): 678-680.Applicant
- Oka, K. and T. Kato (1999). “Spectroscopic polarimetry with a channeled spectrum.” Optics Letters 24(21): 1475-1477.Applicant
- Okugawa, T. and K. Rotate (1996). “Real-time optical image processing by synthesis of the coherence function using real-time holography.” Ieee Photonics Technology Letters 8(2): 257-259.Applicant
- Oshima, M., R. Torii, et al. (2001). “Finite element simulation of blood flow in the cerebral artery.”Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 191 (6-7): 661-671.Applicant
- Pan, Y. T., H. K. Xie, et al. (2001). “Endoscopic optical coherence tomography based on a microelectromechanical mirror.” Optics Letters 26(24): 1966-1968.Applicant
- Parisi, V., G. Manni, et al. (2001). “Correlation between optical coherence tomography, pattern electroretinogram, and visual evoked potentials in open-angle glaucoma patients.” Ophthalmology 108(5): 905-12.Applicant
- Park, B. H., M. C. Pierce, et al. (2005). “Real-time fiber-based multi-functional spectral-domain optical coherence tomography at 1.3 mu m.” Optics Express 13(11): 3931-3944.Applicant
- Park, D. H., J. W. Hwang, et al. (1998). “Use of laser Doppler flowmetry for estimation of the depth of burns.” Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 101(6): 1516-1523.Applicant
- Pendry, J. B., A. J. Holden, et al. (1999). “Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena.” Ieee Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 47(11): 2075-2084.Applicant
- Penninckx, D. and V. Morenas (1999). “Jones matrix of polarization mode dispersion.” Optics Letters 24(13): 875-877.Applicant
- Pierce, M. C., M. Shishkov, et al. (2005). “Effects of sample arm motion in endoscopic polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography.” Optics Express 13(15): 5739-5749.Applicant
- Pircher, M., E. Gotzinger, et al. (2003). “Measurement and imaging of water concentration in human cornea with differential absorption optical coherence tomography.” Optics Express 11(18): 2190-2197.Applicant
- Pircher, M., E. Gotzinger, et al. (2003). “Speckle reduction in optical coherence tomography by frequency compounding.” Journal of Biomedical Optics 8(3): 565-569.Applicant
- Podoleanu, A. G., G. M. Dobre, et al. (1998). “En-face coherence imaging using galvanometer scanner modulation.” Optics Letters 23(3): 147-149.Applicant
- Podoleanu, A. G. and D. A. Jackson (1999). “Noise analysis of a combined optical coherence tomograph and a confocal scanning ophthalmoscope.” Applied Optics 38(10): 2116-2127.Applicant
- Podoleanu, A. G., J. A. Rogers, et al. (2000). “Three dimensional OCT images from retina and skin.” Optics Express 7(9): 292-298.Applicant
- Podoleanu, A. G., M. Seeger, et al. (1998). “Transversal and longitudinal images from the retina of the living eye using low coherence reflectometry.” Journal of Biomedical Optics 3(1): 12-20.Applicant
- Poole, C. D. (1988). “Statistical Treatment of Polarization Dispersion in Single-Mode Fiber.” Optics Letters 13(8): 687-689.Applicant
- Povazay, B., K. Bizheva, et al. (2002). “Submicrometer axial resolution optical coherence tomography.” Optics Letters 27(20): 1800-1802.Applicant
- Qi, B., A. P. Himmer, et al. (2004). “Dynamic focus control in high-speed optical coherence tomography based on a microelectromechanical mirror.” Optics Communications 232(1-6): 123-128.Applicant
- Radhakrishnan, S., A. M. Rollins, et al. (2001). “Real-time optical coherence tomography of the anterior segment at 1310 nm.” Archives of Ophthalmology 119(8): 1179-1185.Applicant
- Rogers, A. J. (1981). “Polarization-Optical Time Domain Reflectometry—a Technique for the Measurement of Field Distributions.” Applied Optics 20(6): 1060-1074.Applicant
- Rollins, A. M. and J. A. Izatt (1999). “Optimal interferometer designs for optical coherence tomography.” Optics Letters 24(21): 1484-1486.Applicant
- Rollins, A. M., R. Ung-arunyawee, et al. (1999). “Real-time in vivo imaging of human gastrointestinal ultrastructure by use of endoscopic optical coherence tomography with a novel efficient interferometer design.” Optics Letters 24(19): 1358-1360.Applicant
- Rollins, A. M., S. Yazdanfar, et al. (2002). “Real-time in vivo colors Doppler optical coherence tomography.” Journal of Biomedical Optics 7(1): 123-129.Applicant
- Rollins, A. M., S. Yazdanfar, et al. (2000). “Imaging of human retinal hemodynamics using color Doppler optical coherence tomography.” Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 41(4): S548-S548.Applicant
- Sandoz, P. (1997). “Wavelet transform as a processing tool in white-light interferometry.” Optics Letters 22(14): 1065-1067.Applicant
- Sankaran, V., M. J. Everett, et al. (1999). “Comparison of polarized-light propagation in biological tissue and phantoms.” Optics Letters 24(15): 1044-1046.Applicant
- Sankaran, V., J. T. Walsh, et al. (2000). “Polarized light propagation through tissue phanto, ehms containing densely packed scatterers.” Optics Letters 25(4): 239-241Applicant
- Sarunic, M. V., M. A. Choma, et al. (2005). “Instantaneous complex conjugate resolved spectral domain and swept-source OCT using 3×3 fiber couplers.” Optics Express 13(3): 957-967.Applicant
- Sathyam, U. S., B. W. Colston, et al. (1999). “Evaluation of optical coherence quantitation of analytes in turbid media by use of two wavelengths.” Applied Optics 38(10): 2097-2104.Applicant
- Schmitt, J. M. (1997). “Array detection for speckle reduction in optical coherence microscopy.” Physics in Medicine and Biology 42(7): 1427-1439.Applicant
- Schmitt, J. M. (1999). “Optical coherence tomography (OCT): A review.” Ieee Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 5(4): 1205-1215.Applicant
- Schmitt, J. M. and A. Knuttel (1997). “Model of optical coherence tomography of heterogeneous tissue.” Journal of the Optical Society of America a—Optics Image Science and Vision 14(6): 1231-1242.Applicant
- Schmitt, J. M., S. L. Lee, et al. (1997). “An optical coherence microscope with enhanced resolving power in thick tissue.” Optics Communications 142(4-6): 203-207.Applicant
- Schmitt, J. M., S. H. Xiang, et al. (1998). “Differential absorption imaging with optical coherence tomography.” Journal of the Optical Society of America a—Optics Image Science and Vision 15(9): 2288-2296.Applicant
- Schmitt, J. M., S. H. Xiang, et aI. (1999). “Speckle in optical coherence tomography.” Journal of Biomedical Optics 4(1): 95-105.Applicant
- Schmitt, J. M., M. J. Yadlowsky, et al. (1995). “Subsurface Imaging of Living Skin with Optical Coherence Microscopy.” Dermatology 191(2): 93-98.Applicant
- Shi, H., J. Finlay, et al. (1997). “Multiwavelength 10-GHz picosecond pulse generation from a single-stripe semiconductor diode laser.” Ieee Photonics Technology Letters 9(11): 1439-1441.Applicant
- Shi, H., I. Nitta, et al. (1999). “Demonstration of phase correlation in multiwavelength mode-locked semiconductor diode lasers.” Optics Letters 24(4): 238-240.Applicant
- Simon, R. (1982). “The Connection between Mueller and Jones Matrices of Polarization Optics.” Optics Communications 42(5): 293-297.Applicant
- Smith, P. J. M., E.M.; Taylor, C.M.; Selviah, D.R.; Day, S.E.; Commander, L.G. “Variable-Focus Microlenses as a Potential Technology for Endoscopy.”Applicant
- Smithies, D. J., T. Lindmo, et al. (1998). “Signal attenuation and localization in optical coherence tomography studied by Monte Carlo simulation.” Physics in Medicine and Biology 43(10): 3025-3044.Applicant
- Sorin, W. V. and D. F. Gray (1992). “Simultaneous Thickness and Group Index Measurement Using Optical Low-Coherence Reflectometry.” Ieee Photonics Technology Letters 4(1): 105-107.Applicant
- Sticker, M., C. K. Hitzenberger, et al. (2001). “Quantitative differential phase measurement and imaging in transparent and turbid media by optical coherence tomography.” Optics Letters 26(8): 518-520.Applicant
- Sticker, M., M. Pircher, et al. (2002). “En face imaging of single cell layers by differential phase-contrast optical coherence microscopy.” Optics Letters 27(13): 1126-1128.Applicant
- Stoller, P., B. M. Kim, et al. (2002). “Polarization-dependent optical second-harmonic imaging of a rat-tail tendon.” Journal of Biomedical Optics 7(2): 205-214.Applicant
- Sun, C. S. (2003). “Multiplexing of fiber-optic acoustic sensors in a Michelson interferometer configuration.” Optics Letters 28(12): 1001-1003.Applicant
- Swanson, E. A., J. A. Izatt, et al. (1993). “In-Vivo Retinal Imaging by Optical Coherence Tomography.” Optics Letters 18(21): 1864-1866.Applicant
- Takada, K., A. Himeno, et al. (1991). “Phase-Noise and Shot-Noise Limited Operations of Low Coherence Optical-Time Domain Reflectometry.” Applied Physics Letters 59(20): 2483-2485.Applicant
- Takenaka, H. (1973). “Unified Formalism for Polarization Optics by Using Group-Theory I (Theory).” Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 12(2): 226-231.Applicant
- Tanno, N., T. Ichimura, et al. (1994). “Optical Multimode Frequency-Domain Reflectometer.” Optics Letters 19(8): 587-589.Applicant
- Tan-no, N., T. Ichimura, et al. (1994). “Optical Multimode Frequency-Domain Reflectometer.” Optics Letters 19(8): 587-589.Applicant
- Targowski, P., M. Wojtkowski, et al. (2004). “Complex spectral OCT in human eye imaging in vivo.” Optics Communications 229(1-6): 79-84.Applicant
- Tearney, G. J., S. A. Boppart, et al. (1996). “Scanning single-mode fiber optic catheter-endoscope for optical coherence tomography (vol. 21, p. 543, 1996).” Optics Letters 21(12): 912-912.Applicant
- Tearney, G. J., B. E. Bouma, et al. (1996). “Rapid acquisition of in vivo biological images by use of optical coherence tomography.” Optics Letters 21(17): 1408-1410.Applicant
- Tearney, G. J., B. E. Bouma, et al. (1997). “In vivo endoscopic optical biopsy with optical coherence tomography.” Science 276(5321): 2037-2039.Applicant
- Tearney, G. J., M. E. Brezinski, et al. (1996). “Catheter-based optical imaging of a human coronary artery.” Circulation 94(11): 3013-3013.Applicant
- Tearney, G. J., M. E. Brezinski, et al. (1997). “In vivo endoscopic optical biopsy with optical coherence tomography.” Science 276(5321): 2037-9.Applicant
- Tearney, G. J., M. E. Brezinski, et al. (1997). “Optical biopsy in human gastrointestinal tissue using optical coherence tomography.” American Journal of Gastroenterology 92(10): 1800-1804.Applicant
- Tearney, G. J., M. E. Brezinski, et al. (1995). “Determination of the refractive index of highly scattering human tissue by optical coherence tomography.” Optics Letters 20(21): 2258-2260.Applicant
- Tearney, G. J., I. K. Jang, et al. (2000). “Porcine coronary imaging in vivo by optical coherence tomography.” Acta Cardiologica 55(4): 233-237.Applicant
- Tearney, G. J., R. H. Webb, et al. (1998). “Spectrally encoded confocal microscopy.” Optics Letters 23(15): 1152-1154.Applicant
- Tearney, G. J., H. Yabushita, et al. (2003). “Quantification of macrophage content in atherosclerotic plaques by optical coherence tomography.” Circulation 107(1): 113-119.Applicant
- Tower, T. T. and R. T. Tranquillo (2001). “Alignment maps of tissues: I. Microscopic elliptical polarimetry.” Biophysical Journal 81(5): 2954-2963.Applicant
- Tower, T. T. and R. T. Tranquillo (2001). “Alignment maps of tissues: II. Fast harmonic analysis for imaging.” Biophysical Journal 81(5): 2964-2971.Applicant
- Troy, T. L. and S. N. Thennadil (2001). “Optical properties of human skin in the near infrared wavelength range of 1000 to 2200 nm.” Journal of Biomedical Optics 6 (2): 167-176.Applicant
- Vabre, L., A. Dubois, et al. (2002). “Thermal-light full-field optical coherence tomography.” Optics Letters 27(7): 530-532.Applicant
- Vakhtin, A. B., D. J. Kane, et al. (2003). “Common-path interferometer for frequency-domain optical coherence tomography.” Applied Optics 42(34): 6953-6958.Applicant
- Vakhtin, A. B., K. A. Peterson, et al. (2003). “Differential spectral interferometry: an imaging technique for biomedical applications.” Optics Letters 28(15): 1332-1334.Applicant
- Vakoc, B. J., S. H. Yun, et al. (2005). “Phase-resolved optical frequency domain imaging.” Optics Express 13(14): 5483-5493.Applicant
- van Leeuwen, T. G., M. D. Kulkarni, et al. (1999). “High-flow-velocity and shear-rate imaging by use of color Doppler optical coherence tomography.” Optics Letters 24(22): 1584-1586.Applicant
- Vansteenkiste, N., P. Vignolo, et al. (1993). “Optical Reversibility Theorems for Polarization—Application to Remote-Control of Polarization.” Journal of the Optical Society of America a—Optics Image Science and Vision 10(10): 2240-2245.Applicant
- Vargas, O., E. K. Chan, et al. (1999). “Use of an agent to reduce scattering in skin.” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 24(2): 133-141.Applicant
- Wang, R. K. (1999). “Resolution improved optical coherence-gated tomography for imaging through biological tissues.” Journal of Modern Optics 46(13): 1905-1912.Applicant
- Wang, X. J., T. E. Milner, et al. (1997). “Measurement of fluid-flow-velocity profile in turbid media by the use of optical Doppler tomography.” Applied Optics 36(1): 144-149.Applicant
- Wang, X. J., T. E. Milner, et al. (1995). “Characterization of Fluid-Flow Velocity by Optical Doppler Tomography.” Optics Letters 20(11): 1337-1339.Applicant
- Wang, Y. M., J. S. Nelson, et al. (2003). “Optimal wavelength for ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography.” Optics Express 11(12): 1411-1417.Applicant
- Wang, Y. M., Y. H. Zhao, et al. (2003). “Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography by broadband continuum generation from a photonic crystal fiber.” Optics Letters 28(3): 182-184.Applicant
- Watkins, L. R., S. M. Tan, et al. (1999). “Determination of interferometer phase distributions by use of wavelets.” Optics Letters 24(13): 905-907.Applicant
- Wetzel, J. (2001). “Optical coherence tomography in dermatology: a review.” Skin Research and Technology 7(1): 1-9.Applicant
- Wentworth, R. H. (1989). “Theoretical Noise Performance of Coherence-Multiplexed Interferometric Sensors.” Journal of Lightwave Technology 7(6): 941-956.Applicant
- Westphal, V., A. M. Rollins, et al. (2002). “Correction of geometric and refractive image distortions in optical coherence tomography applying Fermat's principle.” Optics Express 10(9): 397-404.Applicant
- Westphal, V., S. Yazdanfar, et al. (2002). “Real-time, high velocity-resolution color Doppler optical coherence tomography.” Optics Letters 27(1): 34-36.Applicant
- Williams, P. A. (1999). “Rotating-wave-plate Stokes polarimeter for differential group delay measurements of polarization-mode dispersion.” Applied Optics 38(31): 6508-6515.Applicant
- Wojtkowski, M., T. Bajraszewski, et al. (2003). “Real-time in vivo imaging by high-speed spectral optical coherence tomography.” Optics Letters 28(19): 1745-1747.Applicant
- Wojtkowski, M., A. Kowalczyk, et al. (2002). “Full range complex spectral optical coherence tomography technique in eye imaging.” Optics Letters 27(16): 1415-1417.Applicant
- Wojtkowski, M., R. Leitgeb, et al. (2002). “In vivo human retinal imaging by Fourier domain optical coherence tomography.” Journal of Biomedical Optics 7(3): 457-463.Applicant
- Wojtkowski, M., R. Leitgeb, et al. (2002). “Fourier domain OCT imaging of the human eye in vivo.” Proc. SPIE 4619: 230-236.Applicant
- Wojtkowski, M., V. J. Srinivasan, et al. (2004). “Ultrahigh-resolution, high-speed, Fourier domain optical coherence tomography and methods for dispersion compensation.” Optics Express 12(11): 2404-2422.Applicant
- Wong, B. J. F., Y. H. Zhao, et al. (2004). “Imaging the internal structure of the rat cochlea using optical coherence tomography at 0.827 mu m and 1.3 mu m.” Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery 130(3): 334-338.Applicant
- Yabushita, H. B., B.E.; Houser, S.L.; Aretz, H.T.; .Tang, I.; Schlendorf, K.H.; Kauffman, C.R.; Shishkov, M.; Halpern, E.F.; Tearney, G.J. “Measurement of Thin Fibrous Caps in Atherosclerotic Plaques by Optical Coherence Tomography.”Applicant
- Yang, C., A. Wax, et al. (2001). “Phase-dispersion optical tomography.” Optics Letters 26(10): 686-688.Applicant
- Yang, C., A. Wax, et al. (2001). “Phase-referenced interferometer with subwavelength and subhertz sensitivity applied to the study of cell membrane dynamics.” Optics Letters 26(16): 1271-1273.Applicant
- Yang, C. H., A. Wax, et al. (2001). “Phase-dispersion optical tomography.” Optics Letters 26(10): 686-688.Applicant
- Yang, C. H., A. Wax, et al. (2000). “Interferometric phase-dispersion microscopy.” Optics Letters 25(20): 1526-1528.Applicant
- Yang, V. X. D., M. L. Gordon, et al. (2002). “Improved phase-resolved optical Doppler tomography using the Kasai velocity estimator and histogram segmentation.” Optics Communications 208(4-6): 209-214.Applicant
- Yang, V. X. D., M. L. Gordon, et al. (2003). “High speed, wide velocity dynamic range Doppler optical coherence tomography (Part I): System design, signal processing, and performance.” Optics Express 11(7): 794-809.Applicant
- Yang, V. X. D., M. L. Gordon, et al. (2003). “High speed, wide velocity dynamic range Doppler optical coherence tomography (Part II): Imaging in vivo cardiac dynamics of Xenopus laevis.” Optics Express 11(14): 1650-1658.Applicant
- Yang, V. X. D., M. L. Gordon, et al. (2003). “High speed, wide velocity dynamic range Doppler optical coherence tomography (Part III): in vivo endoscopic imaging of blood flow in the rat and human gastrointestinal tracts.” Optics Express 11(19): 2416-2424.Applicant
- Yang, V. X. D., B. Qi, et al. (2003). “In vivo feasibility of endoscopic catheter-based Doppler optical coherence tomography.” Gastroenterology 124(4): A49-A50.Applicant
- Yao, G. and L. H. V. Wang (2000). “Theoretical and experimental studies of ultrasound-modulated optical tomography in biological tissue.” Applied Optics 39(4): 659-664.Applicant
- Yazdanfar, S. and J. A. Izatt (2002). “Self-referenced Doppler optical coherence tomography.” Optics Letters 27(23): 2085-2087.Applicant
- Yazdanfar, S., M. D. Kulkarni, et al. (1997). “High resolution imaging of in vivo cardiac dynamics using color Doppler optical coherence tomography.” Optics Express 1 (13) : 424-431.Applicant
- Yazdanfar, S., A. M. Rollins, et al. (2000). “Imaging and velocimetry of the human retinal circulation with color Doppler optical coherance tomography.” Optics Letters 25(19): 1448-1450.Applicant
- Yazdanfar, S., A. M. Rollins, et al. (2000). “Noninvasive imaging and velocimetry of human retinal blood flow using color Doppler optical Visual coherence tomography.” Investigative Ophthalmology & Science 41(4): S548-S548.Applicant
- Yazdanfar, S., A. M. Rollins, et al. (2003). “In vivo imaging of human retinal flow dynamics by color Doppler optical coherence tomography.” Archives of Opthalmology 121(2): 235-239.Applicant
- Yazdanfar, S., C. H. Yang, et al. (2005). “Frequency estimation precision in Doppler optical coherence tomography using the Cramer-Rao lower bound.” Optics Express 13(2): 410-416.Applicant
- Yun, S. H., C. Boudoux, et al. (2004). “Extended-cavity semiconductor wavelength- swept laser for biomedical imaging.” Ieee Photonics Technology Letters 16(1): 293-295.Applicant
- Yun, S. H., C. Boudoux, et al. (2003). “High-speed wavelength-swept semiconductor laser with a polygon-scanner-based wavelength filter.” Optics Letters 28(20): 1981-1983.Applicant
- Yun, S. H., G. J. Tearney, et al. (2004). “Pulsed-source and swept-source spectral- domain optical coherence tomography with reduced motion artifacts.” Optics Express 12(23): 5614-5624.Applicant
- Yun, S. H., G. J. Tearney, et al. (2004). “Removing the depth-degeneracy in optical frequency domain imaging with frequency shifting.” Optics Express 12(20): 4822-4828.Applicant
- Yun, S. H., G. J. Tearney, et al. (2004). “Motion artifacts in optical coherence tomography with frequency-domain ranging.” Optics Express 12(13): 2977-2998.Applicant
- Zhang, J., J. S. Nelson, et al. (2005). “Removal of a mirror image and enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio in Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography using an electro-optic phase modulator.” Optics Letters 30(2): 147-149.Applicant
- Zhang, Y., M. Sato, et al. (2001). “Numerical cinvestigations of optimal synthesis of several low oherence sources for resolution improvement.” Optics Communications 192(3-6): 183-192.Applicant
- Zhang, Y., M. Sato, et al. (2001). “Resolution improvement in optical coherence tomography by optimal synthesis of light-emitting diodes.” Optics Letters 26(4): 205-207.Applicant
- Zhao, Y., Z. Chen, et al. (2002). “Real-time phase-resolved functional optical coherence tomography by use of optical Hilbert transformation.” Optics Letters 27(2): 98-100.Applicant
- Zhao, Y. H., Z. P. Chen, et al. (2000). “Doppler standard deviation imaging for clinical monitoring of in vivo human skin blood flow.” Optics Letters 25(18): 1358-1360.Applicant
- Zhao, Y. H., Z. P. Chen, et al. (2000). “Phase-resolved optical coherence tomography and optical Doppler tomography for imaging blood flow in human skin with fast scanning speed and high velocity sensitivity.” Optics Letters 25(2): 114-116.Applicant
- Zhou, D., P. R. Prucnal, et al. (1998). “A widely tunable narrow linewidth semiconductor fiber ring laser.” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 10(6): 781-783.Applicant
- Zuluaga, A. F. and R. Richards-Kortum (1999). “Spatially resolved spectral interferometry for determination of subsurface structure.” Optics Letters 24(8): 519-521.Applicant
- Zvyagin, A. V., J. B. FitzGerald, et al. (2000). “Real-time detection technique for Doppler optical coherence tomography.” Optics Letters 25(22): 1645-1647.Applicant
- Marc Nikles et al., “Brillouin gain spectrum characterization in single-mode optical fibers”, Journal of Lightwave Technology 1997, 15 (10): 1842-1851.Applicant
- Tsuyoshi Sonehara et al., “Forced Brillouin Spectroscopy Using Frequency-Tunable Continuous-Wave Lasers”, Physical Review Letters 1995, 75 (23): 4234-4237.Applicant
- Hajime Tanaka et al., “New Method of Superheterodyne Light Beating Spectroscopy for Brillouin-Scattering Using Frequency-Tunable Lasers”, Physical Review Letters 1995, 74 (9): 1609-1612.Applicant
- Webb RH et al. “Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope”, Applied Optics 1987, 26 (8): 1492-1499.Applicant
- Andreas Zumbusch et al. “Three-dimensional vibrational imaging by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering”, Physical Review Letters 1999, 82 (20): 4142-4145.Applicant
- Katrin Kneipp et al., “Single molecule detection using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)”, Physical Review Letters 1997, 78 (9): 1667-1670.Applicant
- K.J. Koski et al., “Brillouin imaging” Applied Physics Letters 87, 2005.Applicant
- Boas et al., “Diffusing temporal light correlation for burn diagnosis”, SPIE, 1999, 2979:468-477.Applicant
- David J. Briers, “Speckle fluctuations and biomedical optics: implications and applications”, Optical Engineering, 1993, 32(2):277-283.Applicant
- Clark et al., “Tracking Speckle Patterns with Optical Correlation”, SPIE, 1992, 1772:77-87.Applicant
- Facchini et al., “An endoscopic system for DSPI”, Optik, 1993, 95(1):27-30.Applicant
- Hrabovsky, M., “Theory of speckle dispacement and decorrelation: application in mechanics”, SPIE, 1998, 3479:345-354.Applicant
- Sean J. Kirkpatrick et al., “Micromechanical behavior of cortical bone as inferred from laser speckle data”, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 1998, 39(3):373-379.Applicant
- Sean J. Kirkpatrick et al., “Laser speckle microstrain measurements in vascular tissue”, SPIE, 1999, 3598:121-129.Applicant
- Loree et al., “Mechanical Properties of Model Atherosclerotic Lesion Lipid Pools”, Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis, 1994, 14(2):230-234.Applicant
- Podbielska, H. “Interferometric Methods and Biomedical Research”, SPIE, 1999, 2732:134-141.Applicant
- Richards-Kortum et al., “Spectral diagnosis of atherosclerosis using an optical fiber laser catheter”, American Heart Journal, 1989, 118(2):381-391.Applicant
- Ruth, B. “blood flow determination by the laser speckle method”, Int J Microcirc: Clin Exp, 1990, 9:21-45.Applicant
- Shapo et al., “Intravascular strain imaging: Experiments on an Inhomogeneous Phantom”, IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium 1996, 2:1177-1180.Applicant
- Shapo et al., “Ultrasonic displacement and strain imaging of coronary arteries with a catheter array”, IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium 1995, 2:1511-1514.Applicant
- Thompson et al., “Imaging in scattering media by use of laser speckle”, Opt. Soc. Am. A., 1997, 14(9):2269-2277.Applicant
- Thompson et al., “Diffusive media characterization with laser speckle”, Applied Optics, 1997, 36(16):3726-3734.Applicant
- Tuchin, Valery V., “Coherent Optical Techniques for the Analysis of Tissue Structure and Dynamics,” Journal of Biomedical Optics, 1999, 4(1):106-124.Applicant
- M. Wussling et al., “Laser diffraction and speckling studies in skeletal and heart muscle”, Biomed, Biochim, Acta, 1986, 45(1/2):S 23-S 27.Applicant
- T. Yoshimura et al., “Statistical properties of dynamic speckles”, J. Opt. Soc. Am A. 1986, 3(7):1032-1054.Applicant
- Zimnyakov et al., “Spatial speckle correlometry in applications to tissue structure monitoring”, Applied Optics 1997, 36(22): 5594-5607.Applicant
- Zimnyakov et al., “A study of statistical properties of partially developed speckle fields as applied to the diagnosis of structural changes in human skin”, Optics and Spectroscopy, 1994, 76(5): 747-753.Applicant
- Zimnyakov et al., “Speckle patterns polarization analysis as an approach to turbid tissue structure monitoring”, SPIE 1999, 2981:172-180.Applicant
- Ramasamy Manoharan et al., “Biochemical analysis and mapping of atherosclerotic human artery using FT-IR microspectroscopy”, Atherosclerosis, May 1993, 181-1930.Applicant
- N.V. Salunke et al., “Biomechanics of Atherosclerotic Plaque” Critical Reviews™ in Biomedical Engineering 1997, 25(3):243-285.Applicant
- D. Fu et al., “Non-invasive quantitative reconstruction of tissue elasticity using an iterative forward approach”, Phys. Med. Biol. 2000 (45): 1495-1509.Applicant
- S.B. Adams Jr. et al., “The use of polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography and elastography to assess connective tissue”, Optical Soc. of American Washington 2002, p. 3.Applicant
- International Search Report for International Patent application No. PCT/US2005/039740.Applicant
- International Written Opinion for International Patent application No. PCT/US2005/039740.Applicant
- International Search Report for International Patent application No. PCT/US2005/030294.Applicant
- Office Action dated Dec. 6, 2006 for U.S. Appl. No. 10/997,789.Applicant
- Elliott, K. H. “The use of commercial CCD cameras as linear detectors in the physics undergraduate teaching laboratory”, European Journal of Physics 19, 1998, pp. 107-117.Applicant
- Lauer, V. “New approach to optical diffraction tomography yielding a vector equation of diffraction tomography and a novel tomographic microscope”, Journal of Microscopy vol. 205, Issue 2, 2002, pp. 165-176.Applicant
- Yu, P. et al. “Imaging of tumor necroses using full-frame optical coherence imaging”, Proceedings of SPIE vol. 4956, 2003, pp. 34-41.Applicant
- Zhao, Y. et al. “Three-dimensional reconstruction of in vivo blood vessels in human skin using phase-resolved optical Doppler tomography”, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 7.6 (2001): 931-935.Applicant
- Office Action dated Dec. 18, 2006 for U.S. Appl. No. 10/501,276.Applicant
- Devesa, Susan S. et al. (1998) “Changing Patterns in the Incidence of Esophegeal and Gastric Carcinoma in the United States.” American Cancer Society vol. 83, No. 10 pp. 2049-2053.Applicant
- Barr, H et al. (2005) “Endoscopic Therapy for Barrett's Oesophaugs” Gut vol. 54:875-884.Applicant
- Johnston, Mark H.(2005) “Technology Insight: Ablative Techniques for Barrett's Esophagus—Current and Emerging Trends” www.Nature.com/clinicalpractice/gasthep.Applicant
- Falk, Gary W. et al. (1997) “Surveillance of Patients with Barrett's Esophagus for Dysplasia and Cancer with Ballon Cytology” Gastrorenterology vol. 112, pp. 1787-1797.Applicant
- Sepchler, Stuart Jon. (1997) “Barrett's Esophagus: Should We Brush off this Balloning Problem?” Gastroenterology vol. 112, pp. 2138-2152.Applicant
- Froehly, J. et al. (2003) “Multiplexed 3D Imaging Using Wavelength Encoded Spectral Interferometry: A Proof of Principle” Optics Communications vol. 222, pp. 127-136.Applicant
- Kubba A.K. et al. (1999) “Role of p53 Assessment in Management of Barrett's Esophagus” Digestive Disease and Sciences vol. 44, No. 4. pp. 659-667.Applicant
- Reid, Brian J. (2001) “p53 and Neoplastic Progression in Barrett's Esophagus” The American Journal of Gastroenterology vol. 96, No. 5, pp. 1321-1323.Applicant
- Sharma, P. et al.(2003) “Magnification Chromoendoscopy for the Detection Intestinal Metaplasia and Dysplasia in Barrett's Oesophagus” Gut vol. 52, pp. 24-27.Applicant
- Kuipers E.J et al. (2005) “Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy” Journal of Surgical Oncology vol. 92, pp. 203-209.Applicant
- Georgakoudi, Irene et al. (2001) “Fluorescence, Reflectance, and Light-Scattering Spectroscopy for Evaluating Dysplasia in Patients with Barrett's Esophagus” Gastroenterology vol. 120, pp. 1620-1629.Applicant
- Adrain, Alyn L. et al. (1997) “High-Resolution Endoluminal Sonography is a Sensitive Modality for the Identification of Barrett's Meaplasia” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 147-151.Applicant
- Canto, Marcia Irene et al (1999) “Vital Staining and Barrett's Esophagus” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy vol. 49, No. 3, part 2, pp. 12-16.Applicant
- Evans, John A. et al. (2006) “Optical Coherence Tomography to Identify Intramucosal Carcinoma and High-Grade Dysplasia in Barrett's Esophagus” Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology vol. 4, pp. 38-43.Applicant
- Poneros, John M. et al. (2001) “Diagnosis of Specialized Intestinal Metaplasia by Optical Coherence Tomography” Gastroenterology vol. 120, pp. 7-12.Applicant
- Ho, W. Y. et al. (2005) “115 KHz Tuning Repetition Rate Ultrahigh-Speed Wavelength-Swept Semiconductor Laser” Optics Letters col. 30, No. 23, pp. 3159-3161.Applicant
- Brown, Stanley B. et al. (2004) “The Present and Future Role of Photodynamic Therapy in Cancer Treatment” The Lancet Oncology vol. 5, pp. 497-508.Applicant
- Boogert, Jolanda Van Den et al. (1999) “Endoscopic Ablation Therapy for Barrett's Esophagua with High-Grade Dysplasia: A Review” The American Journal of Gastroenterology vol. 94, No. 5, pp. 1153-1160.Applicant
- Sampliner, Richard E. et al. (1996) “Reversal of Barrett's Esophagus with Acid Suppression and Multipolar Electrocoagulation: Preliminary Results” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy vol. 44, No. 5, pp. 532-535.Applicant
- Sampliner, Richard E. (2004) “Endoscopic Ablative Therapy for Barrett's Esophagus: Current Status” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 66-69.Applicant
- Soetikno, Roy M. et al. (2003) “Endoscopic Mucosal resection” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy vol. 57, No. 4, pp. 567-579.Applicant
- Ganz, Robert A. et al. (2004) “Complete Ablation of Esophageal Epithelium with a Balloon-based Bipolar Electrode: A Phased Evaluation in the Porcine and in the Human Esophagus” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy vol. 60, No. 6, pp. 1002-1010.Applicant
- Pfefer, Jorje at al. (2006) “Performance of the Aer-O-Scope, A Pneumatic, Self Propelling, Self Navigating Colonoscope in Animal Experiments” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy vol. 63, No. 5, pp. AB223.Applicant
- Overholt, Bergein F. et al. (1999) “Photodynamic Therapy for Barrett's Esophagus: Follow-Up in 100 Patients” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 1-7.Applicant
- Vogel, Alfred et al. (2003) “Mechanisms of Pulsed Laser Ablation of Biological Tissues” American Chemical Society vol. 103, pp. 577-644.Applicant
- McKenzie, A. L. (1990) “Physics of Thermal Processes in Laser-Tissue Interaction” Phys. Med. Biol vol. 35, No. 9, pp. 1175-1209.Applicant
- Anderson, R. Rox et al. (1983) “Selective Photothermolysis Precise Microsurgery by Selective Absorption of Pulsed Radiation” Science vol. 220, No. 4596, pp. 524-527.Applicant
- Jacques, Steven L. (1993) “Role of Tissue Optics and Pulse Duration on Tissue Effects During High-Power Laser Irradiation” Applied Optics vol. 32, No. 13, pp. 2447-2454.Applicant
- Nahen, Kester et al. (1999) “Investigations on Acosustic On-Line Monitoring of IR Laser Ablation of burned Skin” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine vol. 25, pp. 69-78.Applicant
- Jerath, Maya R. et al. (1993) “Calibrated Real-Time Control of Lesion Size Based on Reflectance Images” Applied Optics vol. 32, No. 7, pp. 1200-1209.Applicant
- Jerath, Maya R. et al (1992) “Dynamic Optical Property Changes: Implications for Reflectance Feedback Control of Photocoagulation” Journal of Photochemical,.Photobiology. B: Biol vol. 16, pp. 113-126.Applicant
- Deckelbaum, Lawrence I. (1994) “Coronary Laser Angioplasty” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine vol. 14, pp. 101-110.Applicant
- Kim, B.M. et al. (1998) “Optical Feedback Signal for Ultrashort Laser Pulse Ablation of Tissue” Applied Surface Science vol. 127-129, pp. 857-862.Applicant
- Brinkman, Ralf et al. (1996) “Analysis of Cavitation Dynamics During Pulsed Laser Tissue Ablation by Optical On-Line Monitoring” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 826-835.Applicant
- Whelan, W.M. et al. (2005) “A novel Strategy for Monitoring Laser Thermal Therapy Based on Changes in Optothermal Properties of Heated Tissues” International Journal of Thermophysics vol. 26., No. 1, pp. 233-241.Applicant
- Thomsen, Sharon et al. (1990) “Microscopic Correlates of Macroscopic Optical Property Changes During Thermal Coagulation of Myocardium” SPIE vol. 1202, pp. 2-11.Applicant
- Khan, Misban Huzaira et al. (2005) “Intradermally Focused Infrared Laser Pulses: Thermal Effects at Defined Tissue Depths” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine vol. 36, pp. 270-280.Applicant
- Neumann, R.A. et al. (1991) “Enzyme Histochemical Analysis of Cell Viability After Argon Laser-Induced Coagulation Necrosis of the Skin” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 991-998.Applicant
- Nadkarni, Seemantini K. et al (2005) “Charaterization of Atherosclerotic Plaques by Laser Speckle Imaging” Circulation vol. 112, pp. 885-892.Applicant
- Zimnyakov, Dmitry A. et al (2002) “Speckle-Contrast Monitoring of Tissue Thermal Modification” Applied Optics vol. 41, No. 28, pp. 5989-5996.Applicant
- Morelli, J.G., et al (1986) “Tunable Dye Laser (577 nm) Treatment of Port Wine Stains” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine vol. 6, pp. 94-99.Applicant
- French, P.M.W. et al. (1993) “Continuous-wave Mode-Locked Cr4+: YAG Laser” Optics Letters vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 39-41.Applicant
- Sennaroglu, Alphan at al. (1995) “Efficient Continuous-Wave Chromium-Doped YAG Laser” Journal of Optical Society of America vol. 12, No. 5, pp. 930-937.Applicant
- Bouma, B et al. (1994) “Hybrid Mode Locking of a Flash-Lamp-Pumped Ti: Al2O3 Laser” Optics Letters vol. 19, No. 22, pp. 1858-1860.Applicant
- Bouma, B et al. (1995) “High Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging Using a Mode-Locked Ti: Al2O3 Laser Source” Optics Letters vol. 20, No. 13, pp. 1486-1488.Applicant
- Fernández, Cabrera Delia et al. “Automated detection of retinal layer structures on optical coherence tomography images”, Optics Express vol. 13, No. 25, Oct. 4, 2005, pp. 10200-10216.Applicant
- Ishikawa, Hiroshi et al. “Macular Segmentation with optical coherence tomography”, Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, vol. 46, No. 6, Jun. 2005, pp. 2012-2017.Applicant
- Tang C. L. et al., “Wide-band electro-optical tuning of semiconductor lasers”, Applied Physics Letters, vol. 30, No. 2, Jan. 15, 1977, pp. 113-116.Applicant
- Tang C. L. et al., “Transient effects in wavelength-modulated dye lasers”, Applied Physics Letters, vol. 26, No. 9, May 1, 1975, pp. 534-537.Applicant
- Telle M. John, et al., “Very rapid tuning of cw dye laser”, Applied Physics Letters, vol. 26, No. 10, May 15, 1975, pp. 572-574.Applicant
- Telle M. John, et al., “New method for electro-optical tuning of tunable lasers”, Applied Physics Letters, vol. 24, No. 2, Jan. 15, 1974, pp. 85-87.Applicant
- Schmitt M. Joseph et al. “OCT elastography: imaging microscopic deformation and strain of tissue”, Optics Express, vol. 3, No. 6, Sep. 14, 1998, pp. 199-211.Applicant
- M. Gualini Muddassir et al., “Recent Advancements of Optical Interferometry Applied to Medicine”, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 23, No. 2, Feb. 2004, pp. 205-212.Applicant
- Maurice L. Roch et al. “Noninvasive Vascular Elastography: Theoretical Framework”, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 23, No. 2, Feb. 2004, pp. 164-180.Applicant
- Kirkpatrick J. Sean et al. “Optical Assessment of Tissue Mechanical Properties”, Proceedings of the SPIE—The International Society for Optical Engineering SPIE—vol. 4001, 2000, pp. 92-101.Applicant
- Lisauskas B. Jennifer et al., “Investigation of Plaque Biomechanics from Intravascular Ultrasound Images using Finite Element Modeling”, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference—IEEE Oct. 30-Nov. 2, 1997, pp. 887-888.Applicant
- Parker K. J. et al., “Techniques for Elastic Imaging: A Review”, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology, Nov./Dec. 1996, pp. 52-59.Applicant
- European Patent Office Search Report for Application No. 05791226.3.Applicant
- Dubois Arnaud et al., “Ultrahigh-resolution OCT using white-light interference microscopy”, Proceedings of SPIE, 2003, vol. 4956, pp. 14-21.Applicant
- Office Action dated Jan. 3, 2008 for U.S. Appl. No. 10/997,789.Applicant
- Office Action dated Dec. 21, 2007 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/264,655.Applicant
- Office Action dated Dec. 18, 2007 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/288,994.Applicant
- Office Action dated Jan. 10, 2008 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/435,228.Applicant
- Office Action dated Jan. 10, 2008 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/410,937.Applicant
- Office Action dated Jan. 11, 2008 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/445,990.Applicant
- Office Action dated Feb. 4, 2008 for U.S. Appl. No. 10/861,179.Applicant
- PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion for Application No. PCT/US2007/061463 dated Jan. 23, 2008.Applicant
- PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion for Application No. PCT/US2007/061481 dated Mar. 17, 2008.Applicant
- PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion for Application No. PCT/US2007/078254 dated Mar. 28, 2008.Applicant
- Sadhwani, Ajay et al., “Determination of Teflon thickness with laser speckle I. Potential for burn depth diagnosis”, Optical Society of America, 1996, vol. 35, No. 28, pp. 5727-5735.Applicant
- C.J. Stewart et al., “A comparison of two laser-based methods for determination of burn scar perfusion: Laser Doppler versus laser speckle imaging”, Elsevier Ltd., 2005, vol. 31, pp. 744-752.Applicant
- G. J. Tearney et al., “Atherosclerotic plaque characterization by spatial and temporal speckle pattern analysis”, CLEO 2001, vol. 56, pp. 307-307.Applicant
- PCT International Search Report for Application No. PCT/US2007/068233 dated Feb. 21, 2008.Applicant
- PCT International Search Report for Application No. PCT/US2007/060787 dated Mar. 18, 2008.Applicant
- Statement under Article 19 and Reply to PCT Written Opinion for PCT International Application No. PCT/US2005/043951 dated Jun. 6, 2006.Applicant
- PCT International Preliminary Report on Patentability for Application No. PCT/US2005/043951 dated Jun. 7, 2007.Applicant
- International Written Opinion for International Patent application No. PCT/US2005/043951.Applicant
- International Search Report for International Patent application No. PCT/US2005/043951.Applicant
- Erdelyi et al. “Generation of diffraction-free beams for applications in optical microlithography”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 15 (12), Mar./Apr. 1997, pp. 287-292.Applicant
- International Search Report for International Patent application No. PCT/US2005/023664.Applicant
- International Written Opinion for International Patent application No. PCT/US2005/023664.Applicant
- Tearney et al., “Spectrally encoded miniature endoscopy” Optical Society of America; Optical Letters vol. 27, No. 6, Mar. 15, 2002; pp. 412-414.Applicant
- Yelin et al., “Double-clad Fiber for Endoscopy” Optical Society of America; Optical Letters vol. 29, No. 20, Oct. 16, 2005; pp. 2408-2410.Applicant
- International Search Report for International Patent application No. PCT/US2001/049704.Applicant
- International Search Report for International Patent application No. PCT/US2004/039454.Applicant
- International Written Opinion for International Patent application No. PCT/US2004/039454.Applicant
- PCT International Preliminary Report on Patentability for International Application No. PCT/US2004/038404 dated Jun. 2, 2006.Applicant
- Notice of Reasons for Rejection and English translation for Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-538830.Applicant
- De Boer, Johannes F. et al., “Review of Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography and Stokes Vector Determination,” Journal of Biomedical Optics, vol. 7, No. 3, Jul. 2002, pp. 359-371.Applicant
- Jiao, Shuliang et al., “Depth-Resolved Two-Dimensional Stokes Vectors of Backscattered Light and Mueller Matrices of Biological Tissue Measured with Optical Coherence Tomography,” Applied Optics, vol. 39, No. 34, Dec. 1, 2000, pp. 6318-6324.Applicant
- Park, B. Hyle et al., “In Vivo Burn Depth Determination by High-Speed Fiber-Based Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography,” Journal of Biomedical Optics, vol. 6 No. 4, Oct. 2001, pp. 474-479.Applicant
- Roth, Jonathan E. et al., “Simplified Method for Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography,” Optics Letters, vol. 26, No. 14, Jul. 15, 2001, pp. 1069-1071.Applicant
- Hitzenberger, Christopher K. et al., “Measurement and Imaging of Birefringence and Optic Axis Orientation by Phase Resolved Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography,” Optics Express, vol. 9, No. 13, Dec. 17, 2001, pp. 780-790.Applicant
- Wang, Xueding et al., “Propagation of Polarized Light in Birefringent Turbid Media: Time-Resolved Simulations,” Optical Imaging Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Program, Texas A&M University.Applicant
- Wong, Brian J.F. et al., “Optical Coherence Tomography of the Rat Cochlea,” Journal of Biomedical Optics, vol. 5, No. 4, Oct. 2000, pp. 367-370.Applicant
- Yao, Gang et al., “Propagation of Polarized Light in Turbid Media: Simulated Animation Sequences,” Optics Express, vol. 7, No. 5, Aug. 28, 2000, pp. 198-203.Applicant
- Wang, Xiao-Jun et al., “Characterization of Dentin and Enamel by Use of Optical Coherence Tomography,” Applied Optics, vol. 38, No. 10, Apr. 1, 1999, pp. 2092-2096.Applicant
- De Boer, Johannes F. et al., “Determination of the Depth-Resolved Stokes Parameters of Light Backscattered from Turbid Media by use of Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography,” Optics Letters, vol. 24, No. 5, Mar. 1, 1999, pp. 300-302.Applicant
- Ducros, Mathieu G. et al., “Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography of the Rabbit Eye,” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 5, No. 4, Jul./Aug. 1999, pp. 1159-1167.Applicant
- Groner, Warren et al., “Orthogonal Polarization Spectral Imaging: A New Method for Study of The Microcirculation,” Nature Medicine Inc., vol. 5 No. 10, Oct. 1999, pp. 1209-1213.Applicant
- De Boer, Johannes F. et al., “Polarization Effects in Optical Coherence Tomography of Various Viological Tissues,” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 5, No. 4, Jul./Aug. 1999, pp. 1200-1204.Applicant
- Yao, Gang et al., “Two-Dimensional Depth-Resolved Mueller Matrix Characterization of Biological Tissue by Optical Coherence Tomography,” Optics Letters, Apr. 15, 1999, vol. 24, No. 8, pp. 537-539.Applicant
- Lu, Shih-Yau et al., “Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Jones Matrices,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A., vol. 11, No. 2, Feb. 1994, pp. 766-773.Applicant
- Bickel, S. William et al., “Stokes Vectors, Mueller Matrices, and Polarized Scattered Light,” Am. J. Phys., vol. 3, No. 5, May 1985 pp. 468-478.Applicant
- Bréhonnet, F. Le Roy et al., “Optical Media and Target Characterization by Mueller Matrix Decomposition,”J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 29, 1996, pp. 34-38.Applicant
- Cameron, Brent D. et al., “Measurement and Calculation of the Two-Dimensional Backscattering Mueller Matrix of a Turbid Medium,” Optics Letters, vol. 23, No. 7, Apr. 1, 1998, pp. 485-487.Applicant
- De Boer, Johannes F. et al., “Two-Dimensional Birefringence Imaging in Biological Tissue by Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography,” Optics Letters, vol. 22, No. 12, Jun. 15, 1997, pp. 934-936.Applicant
- De Boer, Johannes F. et al., “Imagine Thermally Damaged Tissue by Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography,” Optics Express, vol. 3, No. 6, Sep. 14, 1998, pp. 212-218.Applicant
- Everett, M.J. et al., “Birefringence Characterization of Biological Tisse by Use of Optical Coherence Tomography,” Optics Letters, vol. 23, No. 3, Feb. 1, 1998, pp. 228-230.Applicant
- Hee, Michael R. et al., “Polarization-Sensitive Low-Coherence Reflectometer for Birefringence Characterization and Ranging,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B., vol. 9, No. 6, Jun. 1992, pp. 903-908.Applicant
- Barakat, Richard, “Statistics of the Stokes Parameters,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B., vol. 4, No. 7, Jul. 1987, pp. 1256-1263.Applicant
- Schmitt, J.M. et al., “Cross-Polarized Backscatter in Optical Coherence Tomography of Biological Tissue,” Optics Letters, vol. 23, No. 13, Jul. 1, 1998, pp. 1060-1062.Applicant
- Schoenenberger, Klaus et al., “Mapping of Birefringence and Thermal Damage in Tissue by use of Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography,” Applied Optics, vol. 37, No. 25, Sep. 1, 1998, pp. 6026-6036.Applicant
- Pierce, Mark C. et al., “Simultaneous Intensity, Birefringence, and Flow Measurements with High-Speed Fiber-Based Optical Coherence Tomography,” Optics Letters, vol. 27, No. 17, Sep. 1, 2002, pp. 1534-1536.Applicant
- De Boer, Johannes F. et al., “Review of Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography and Stokes Vector Determination,” Journal of Biomedical Optics, Jul. 2002, vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 359-371.Applicant
- Fried, Daniel et al., “Imaging Caries Lesions and Lesion Progression with Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography,” Journal of Biomedical Optics, vol. 7, No. 4, Oct. 2002, pp. 618-627.Applicant
- Jiao, Shuliang et al., “Two-Dimensional Depth-Resolved Mueller Matrix of Biological Tissue Measured with Double-Beam Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography,” Optics Letters, vol. 27, No. 2, Jan. 15, 2002, pp. 101-103.Applicant
- Jiao, Shuliang et al., “Jones-Matrix Imaging of Biological Tissues with Quadruple-Channel Optical Coherence Tomography,” Journal of Biomedical Optics, vol. 7, No. 3, Jul. 2002, pp. 350-358.Applicant
- Kuranov, R.V. et al., “Complementary Use of Cross-Polarization and Standard OCT for Differential Diagnosis of Pathological Tissues,” Optics Express, vol. 10, No. 15, Jul. 29, 2002, pp. 707-713.Applicant
- Cense, Barry et al., “In Vivo Depth-Resolved Birefringence Measurements of the Human Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer by Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography,” Optics Letters, vol. 27, No. 18, Sep. 15, 2002, pp. 1610-1612.Applicant
- Ren, Hongwu et al., “Phase-Resolved Functional Optical Coherence Tomography: Simultaneous Imaging of In Situ Tissue Structure, Blood Flow Velocity, Standard Deviation, Birefringence, and Stokes Vectors in Human Skin,” Optics Letters, vol. 27, No. 19, Oct. 1, 2002, pp. 1702-1704.Applicant
- Tripathi, Renu et al., “Spectral Shaping for Non-Gaussian Source Spectra in Optical Coherence Tomography,” Optics Letters, vol. 27, No. 6, Mar. 15, 2002, pp. 406-408.Applicant
- Yasuno, Y. et al., “Birefringence Imaging of Human Skin by Polarization-Sensitive Spectral Interferometric Optical Coherence Tomography,” Optics Letters, vol. 27, No. 20, Oct. 15, 2002 pp. 1803-1805.Applicant
- White, Brian R. et al., “In Vivo Dynamic Human Retinal Blood Flow Imaging Using Ultra-High-Speed Spectral Domain Optical Doppler Tomography,” Optics Express, vol. 11, No. 25, Dec. 15, 2003, pp. 3490-3497.Applicant
- De Boer, Johannes F. et al., “Improved Signal-to-Noise Ratio in Spectral-Domain Compared with Time-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography,” Optics Letters, vol. 28, No. 21, Nov. 1, 2003, pp. 2067-2069.Applicant
- Jiao, Shuliang et al., “Optical-Fiber-Based Mueller Optical Coherence Tomography,” Optics Letters, vol. 28, No. 14, Jul. 15, 2003, pp. 1206-1208.Applicant
- Jiao, Shuliang et al., “Contrast Mechanisms in Polarization-Sensitive Mueller-Matrix Optical Coherence Tomography and Application in Burn Imaging,” Applied Optics, vol. 42, No. 25, Sep. 1, 2003, pp. 5191-5197.Applicant
- Moreau, Julien et al., “Full-Field Birefringence Imaging by Thermal-Light Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography. I. Theory,” Applied Optics, vol. 42, No. 19, Jul. 1, 2003, pp. 3800-3810.Applicant
- Moreau, Julien et al., “Full-Field Birefringence Imaging by Thermal-Light Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography. II. Instrument and Results,” Applied Optics, vol. 42, No. 19, Jul. 1, 2003, pp. 3811-3818.Applicant
- Morgan, Stephen P. et al., “Surface-Reflection Elimination in Polarization Imaging of Superficial Tissue,” Optics Letters, vol. 28, No. 2, Jan. 15, 2003, pp. 114-116.Applicant
- Oh, Jung-Taek et al., “Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography for Photoelasticity Testing of Glass/Epoxy, Composites,” Optics Express, vol. 11, No. 14, Jul. 14, 2003, pp. 1669-1676.Applicant
- Park, B. Hyle et al., “Real-Time Multi-Functional Optical Coherence Tomography,” Optics Express, vol. 11, No. 7, Apr. 7, 2003, pp. 782-793.Applicant
- Shribak, Michael et al., “Techniques for Fast and Sensitive Measurements of Two-Dimensional Birefringence Distributions,” Applied Optics, vol. 42, No. 16, Jun. 1, 2003, pp. 3009-3017.Applicant
- Somervell, A.R.D. et al., “Direct Measurement of Fringe Amplitude and Phase Using a Heterodyne Interferometer Operating in Broadband Light,” Elsevier, Optics Communications, Oct. 2003.Applicant
- Stiffer, D. et al., “Polarisation-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography for Material Characterisation and Strain-Field Mapping,” Applied Physics A 76, Materials Science & Processing, Jan. 2003, pp. 947-951.Applicant
- Davé, Digant P. et al., “Polarization-Maintaining Fiber-Based Optical Low-Coherence Reflectometer for Characterization and Ranging of Birefringence,” Optics Letters, vol. 28, No. 19, Oct. 1, 2003, pp. 1775-1777.Applicant
- Yang, Ying et al., “Observations of Birefringence in Tissues from Optic-Fibre-Based Optical Coherence Tomography,” Measurement Science and Technology, Nov. 2002, pp. 41-46.Applicant
- Yun, S.H. et al., “High-Speed Optical Frequency-Domain Imaging,” Optics Express, vol. 11, No. 22, Nov. 3, 2003, pp. 2953-2963.Applicant
- Yun, S.H. et al., “High-Speed Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography at 1.3 μm Wavelength,” Optics Express, vol. 11, No. 26, Dec. 29, 2003, pp. 3598-3604.Applicant
- Zhang, Jun et al., “Determination of Birefringence and Absolute Optic Axis Orientation Using Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography with PM Fibers,” Optics Express, vol. 11, No. 24, Dec. 1, 2003, pp. 3262-3270.Applicant
- Pircher, Michael et al., “Three Dimensional Polarization Sensitive OCT of Human Skin In Vivo,” 2004, Optical Society of America.Applicant
- Götzinger, Erich et al., “Measurement and Imaging of Birefringent Properties of the Human Cornea with Phase-Resolved, Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography,” Journal of Biomedical Optics, vol. 9, No. 1, Jan./Feb. 2004, pp. 94-102.Applicant
- Guo, Shuguang et al., “Depth-Resolved Birefringence and Differential Optical Axis Orientation Measurements with Finer-based Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography,” Optics Letters, vol. 29, No. 17, Sep. 1, 2004, pp. 2025-2027.Applicant
- Huang, Xiang-Run et al.,“Variation of Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Birefringence in Normal Human Subjects,” Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, vol. 45, No. 9, Sep. 2004, pp. 3073-3080.Applicant
- Matcher, Stephen J. et al., “The Collagen Structure of Bovine Intervertebral Disc Studied Using Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography,” Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2004, pp. 1295-1306.Applicant
- Nassif, Nader et al., “In Vivo Human Retinal Imaging by Ultrahigh-Speed Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography,” Optics Letters, vol. 29, No. 5, Mar. 1, 2004, pp. 480-482.Applicant
- Nassif, N.A. et al., “In Vivo High-Resolution Video-Rate Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography of the Human Retina and Optic Nerve,” Optics Express, vol. 12, No. 3, Feb. 9, 2004, pp. 367-376.Applicant
- Park, B. Hyle et al., “Comment on Optical-Fiber-Based Mueller Optical Coherence Tomography,” Optics Letters, vol. 29, No. 24, Dec. 15, 2004, pp. 2873-2874.Applicant
- Park, B. Hyle et al., “Jones Matrix Analysis for a Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography System Using Fiber-Optic Components,” Optics Letters, vol. 29, No. 21, Nov. 1, 2004, pp. 2512-2514.Applicant
- Pierce, Mark C. et al., “Collagen Denaturation can be Quantified in Burned Human Skin Using Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography,” Elsevier, Burns, 2004, pp. 511-517.Applicant
- Pierce, Mark C. et al., “Advances in Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging for Dermatology,” The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc. 2004, pp. 458-463.Applicant
- Pierce, Mark C. et al., “Birefringence Measurements in Human Skin Using Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography,” Journal of Biomedical Optics, vol. 9, No. 2, Mar./Apr. 2004, pp. 287-291.Applicant
- Cense, Barry et al., “In Vivo Birefringence and Thickness Measurements of the Human Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Using Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography,” Journal of Biomedical Optics, vol. 9, No. 1, Jan./Feb. 2004, pp. 121-125.Applicant
- Pircher, Michael et al., “Imaging of Polarization Properties of Human Retina in Vivo with Phase Resolved Transversal PS-OCT,” Optics Express, vol. 12, No. 24, Nov. 29, 2004, pp. 5940-5951.Applicant
- Pircher, Michael et al., “Transversal Phase Resolved Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography,” Physics in Medicine & Biology, 2004, pp. 1257-1263.Applicant
- Srinivas, Shyam M. et al., “Determination of Burn Depth by Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography,” Journal of Biomedical Optics, vol. 9, No. 1, Jan./Feb. 2004, pp. 207-212.Applicant
- Strasswimmer, John et al., “Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography of Invasive Basal Cell Carcinoma,” Journal of Biomedical Optics, vol. 9, No. 2, Mar./Apr. 2004, pp. 292-298.Applicant
- Todorovi{hacek over (c)}, Milo{hacek over (s)} et al., “Determination of Local Polarization Properties of Biological Samples in the Presence of Diattenuation by use of Mueller Optical Coherence Tomography,” Optics Letters, vol. 29, No. 20, Oct. 15, 2004, pp. 2402-2404.Applicant
- Yasuno, Yoshiaki et al., “Polarization-Sensitive Complex Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography for Jones Matrix Imaging of Biological Samples,” Applied Physics Letters, vol. 85, No. 15, Oct. 11, 2004, pp. 3023-3025.Applicant
- Hariri, Lida P. et al. “Endoscopic Optical Coherence Tomography and Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy in a Murine Colon Cancer Model”, Laser in Surgery and Medicine, vol. 38, 2006, pp. 305-313.Applicant
- PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion for Application No. PCT/US2006/031905 dated May 3, 2007.Applicant
- PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion for Application No. PCT/US2007/060481 dated May 23, 2007.Applicant
- PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion for Application No. PCT/US2007/060717 dated May 24, 2007.Applicant
- PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion for Application No. PCT/US2007/060319 dated Jun. 6, 2007.Applicant
- D. Yelin et al., “Three-dimensional imaging using spectral encoding heterodyne interferometry”, Optics Letters, Jul. 15, 2005, vol. 30, No. 14, pp. 1794-1796.Applicant
- Akiba, Masahiro et al. “En-face optical coherence imaging for three-dimensional microscopy”, SPIE, 2002, pp. 8-15.Applicant
- Office Action dated Aug. 10, 2007 for U.S. Appl. No. 10/997,789.Applicant
- Office Action dated Feb. 2, 2007 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/174,425.Applicant
- PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion for Application No. PCT/US2007/060657 dated Aug. 13, 2007.Applicant
- Lewis, Neil E. et al., “Applications of Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging Microscopy in Neurotoxicity”, Annals New York Academy of Sciences, pp. 234-246.Applicant
- Joo, Chulmin et al., Spectral-domain optical coherence phase microscopy for quantitative phase-contrast imaging, Optics Letters, Aug. 15, 2005, vol. 30, No. 16, pp. 2131-2133.Applicant
- Guo, Bujin et al., “Laser-based mid-infrared reflectance imaging of biological tissues”, Optics Express, Jan. 12, 2004, vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 208-219.Applicant
- Office Action dated Mar. 28, 2007 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/241,907.Applicant
- Office Action dated May 23, 2007 for U.S. Appl. No. 10/406,751.Applicant
- Office Action dated May 23, 2007 for U.S. Appl. No. 10/551,735.Applicant
- PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion for Application No. PCT/US2007/061815 dated Aug. 2, 2007.Applicant
- Sir Randall, John et al., “Brillouin scattering in systems of biological significance”, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 293, 1979, pp. 341-348.Applicant
- Takagi, Yasunari, “Application of a microscope to Brillouin scattering spectroscopy”, Review of Scientific Instruments, No. 12, Dec. 1992, pp. 5552-5555.Applicant
- Lees, S. et al., “Studies of Compact Hard Tissues and Collagen by Means of Brillouin Light Scattering”, Connective Tissue Research, 1990, vol. 24, pp. 187-205.Applicant
- Berovic, N. “Observation of Brillion scattering from single muscle fibers”, European Biophysics Journal, 1989, vol. 17, pp. 69-74.Applicant
- PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion for Application No. PCT/US2007/062465 dated Aug. 8, 2007.Applicant
- Pyhtila John W. et al., “Rapid, depth-resolved light scattering measurements using Fourier domain, angle-resolved low coherence interferometry”, Optics Society of America, 2004.Applicant
- Pyhtila John W. et al., “Determining nuclear morphology using an improved angle-resolved low coherence interferometry system”, Optics Express, Dec. 15, 2003, vol. 11, No. 25, pp. 3473-3484.Applicant
- Desjardins A.E., et al., “Speckle reduction in OCT using massively-parallel detection and frequency-domain ranging”, Optics Express, May 15, 2006, vol. 14, No. 11, pp. 4736-4745.Applicant
- Nadkarni, Seemantini K., et al., “Measurement of fibrous cap thickness in atherosclerotic plaques by spatiotemporal analysis of laser speckle images”, Journal of Biomedical Optics, vol. 11 Mar./Apr. 2006, pp. 021006-1-021006-8.Applicant
- PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion for Application No. PCT/US2007/066017 dated Aug. 30, 2007.Applicant
- Yamanari M. et al., “Polarization sensitive Fourier domain optical coherence tomography with continuous polarization modulation”, Proc. of SPIE, vol. 6079, 2006.Applicant
- Zhang Jun et al., “Full range polarization-sensitive Fourier domain optical coherence tomography”, Optics Express, Nov. 29, 2004, vol. 12, No. 24, pp. 6033-6039.Applicant
- European Patent Office Search report for Application No. 01991092.6-2305 dated Jan. 12, 2006.Applicant
- PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion for Application No. PCT/US2007/060670 dated Sep. 21, 2007.Applicant
- J. M. Schmitt et al., “Speckle in Optical Coherence Tomography: An Overview”, SPIE vol. 3726, pp. 450-461.Applicant
- Office Action dated Oct. 11, 2007 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/534,095.Applicant
- Office Action dated Oct. 9, 2007 for U.S. Appl. No. 09/709,162.Applicant
- Notice of Allowance dated Oct. 3, 2007 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/225,840.Applicant
- Siavash Yazdanfar et al., “In Vivo imaging in blood flow in human retinal vessels using color Doppler optical coherence tomography”, SPIE, 1999 vol. 3598, pp. 177-184.Applicant
- Office Action dated Oct. 30, 2007 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/670,069.Applicant
- Office Action dated Aug. 24, 2006 for U.S. Appl. No. 10/137,749.Applicant
- Barry Cense et al., “Spectral-domain polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography at 850nm”, Coherence Domain Optical Methods and Optical Coherence Tomography in Biomedicine IX, 2005, pp. 159-162.Applicant
- A. Ymeti et al., “Integration of microfluidics with a four-channel integrated optical Young interferometer immunosensor”, Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Elsevier Science Publishers, 2005, pp. 1417-1421.Applicant
- PCT International Search Report for Application No. PCT/US2006/018865 filed May 5, 2006.Applicant
- International Written Opinion for International Patent application No. PCT/US2006/018865 filed May 5, 2006.Applicant
- John M. Poneros, “Diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus using optical coherence tomography”, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy clinics of North America, 14 (2004) pp. 573-588.Applicant
- P.F. Escobar et al., “Diagnostic efficacy of optical coherence tomography in the management of preinvasive and invasive cancer of uterine cervix and vulva”, Int. Journal of Gynecological Cancer 2004, 14, pp. 470-474.Applicant
- Ko T et al., “Ultrahigh resolution in vivo versus ex vivo OCT imaging and tissue preservation”, Conference on Lasers and electro-optics, 2001, pp. 252-253.Applicant
- Paul M. Ripley et al., “A comparison of Artificial Intelligence techniques for spectral classification in the diagnosis of human pathologies based upon optical biopsy”, Journal of Optical Society of America, 2000, pp. 217-219.Applicant
- Wolfgang Drexler et al., “Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography”, Journal of Biomedical Optics Spie USA, 2004, pp. 47-74.Applicant
- PCT International Search Report for Application No. PCT/US2006/016677 filed Apr. 28, 2006.Applicant
- International Written Opinion for International Patent application No. PCT/US2006/016677 filed Apr. 28, 2006.Applicant
- Office Action dated Nov. 13, 2006 for U.S. Appl. No. 10/501,268.Applicant
- Office Action dated Nov. 20, 2006 for U.S. Appl. No. 09/709,162.Applicant
- PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion for Application No. PCT/US2004/023585 filed Jul. 23, 2004.Applicant
- Fujimoto et al., “High Resolution in Vivo Intra-Arterial Imaging with Optical Coherence Tomography”, Official Journal of the British Cardiac Society, vol. 82, pp. 128-133 Heart, 1999.Applicant
- D. Huang et al., “Optical Coherence Tomography”, Science, vol. 254, pp. 1178-1181, Nov. 1991.Applicant
- Tearney et al., “High-Speed Phase- and Group Delay Scanning with a Grating Based Phase Control Delay Line”, Optics Letters, vol. 22, pp. 1811-1813, Dec. 1997.Applicant
- Rollins, et al., “In Vivo Video Rate Optical Coherence Tomography”, Optics Express, vol. 3, pp. 219-229, Sep. 1998.Applicant
- Saxer, et al., High Speed Fiber-Based Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography of in Vivo Human Skin, Optical Society of America, vol. 25, pp. 1355-1357, Sep. 2000.Applicant
- Oscar Eduardo Martinez, “3000 Times Grating Compress or with Positive Group Velocity Dispersion”, IEEE, vol. QE-23, pp. 59-64, Jan. 1987.Applicant
- Kulkarni, et al., “Image Enhancement in Optical Coherence Tomography Using Deconvolution”, Electronics Letters, vol. 33, pp. 1365-1367, Jul. 1997.Applicant
- Bashkansky, et al., “Signal Processing for Improving Field Cross-Correlation Function in Optical Coherence Tomography”, Optics & Photonics News, vol. 9, pp. 8137-8138, May 1998.Applicant
- Yung et al., “Phase-Domain Processing of Optical Coherence Tomography Images”, Journal of Biomedical Optics, vol. 4, pp. 125-136, Jan. 1999.Applicant
- Tearney, et al., “In Vivo Endoscopic Optical Biopsy with Optical Coherence Tomography”, Science, vol. 276, Jun. 1997.Applicant
- W. Drexler et al., “In Vivo Ultrahigh-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography”, Opt. Lett. vol. 24, pp. 1221-1223, Sep. 1999.Applicant
- Nicusor V. Iftimia et al., “A Portable, Low Coherence Interferometry Based Instrument for Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Guidance” Accepted to Review of Scientific Instruments, 2005.Applicant
- Abbas, G.L., V.W.S. Chan et al., “Local-Oscillator Excess-Noise Suppression for Homodyne and Heterodyne-Detection”, Optics Letters, vol. 8, pp. 419-421, Aug. 1983 issue.Applicant
- Agrawal, G.P., “Population Pulsations and Nondegenerate 4-Wave Mixing in Semiconductor-Lasers and Amplifiers”, Journal of the Optical Society of America B—Optical Physics, vol. 5, pp. 147-159, Jan. 1998.Applicant
- Andretzky, P. et al., “Optical Coherence Tomography by Spectral Radar: Improvement of Signal-to-Noise Ratio”, The International Society for Optical Engineering, USA, vol. 3915, 2000.Applicant
- Ballif, J. et al., “Rapid and Scalable Scans at 21 m/s in optical Low-Coherence Reflectometry”, Optics Letters, vol. 22, pp. 757-759, Jun. 1997.Applicant
- Barfuss H. et al., “Modified Optical Frequency-Domain Reflectometry with High Spatial-Resolution for Components of Integrated Optic Systems”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 7, pp. 3-10, Jan. 1989.Applicant
- Beaud, P. et al., “Optical Reflectometry with Micrometer Resolution for the Investigation of Integrated Optical-Devices”, Leee Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 25, pp. 755-759, Apr. 1989.Applicant
- Bouma, Brett et al., “Power-Efficient Nonreciprocal Interferometer and Linear-Scanning Fiber-Optic Catheter for Optical Coherence Tomography”, Optics Letters, vol. 24, pp. 531-533, Apr. 1999.Applicant
- Brinkmeyer, E. et al., “Efficient Algorithm for Non-Equidistant Interpolation of Sampled Data”, Electronics Letters, vol. 28, p. 693, Mar. 1992.Applicant
- Brinkmeyer, E. et al., “High-Resolution OCDR in Dispersive Wave-Guides”, Electronics Letters, vol. 26, pp. 413-414, Mar. 1990.Applicant
- Chinn, S.R. et al., “Optical Coherence Tomography Using a Frequency-Tunable Optical Source”, Optics Letters, vol. 22, pp. 340-342, Mar. 1997.Applicant
- Danielson, B.L. et al., “Absolute Optical Ranging Using Low Coherence Interferometry”, Applied Optics, vol. 30, p. 2975, Jul. 1991.Applicant
- Dorrer, C. et al., “Spectral Resolution and Sampling Issues in Fourier-Transform Spectral Interferometry”, Journal of the Optical Society of America B—Optical Physics, vol. 17, pp. 1795-1802, Oct. 2000.Applicant
- Dudley, J.M. et al., “Cross-Correlation Frequency Resolved Optical Gating Analysis of Broadband Continuum Generation in Photonic Crystal Fiber: Simulations and Experiments”, Optics Express, vol. 10, p. 1215, Oct. 2002.Applicant
- Eickhoff, W. et al., “Optical Frequency-Domain Reflectometry in Single-Mode Fiber”, Applied Physics Letters, vol. 39, pp. 693-695, 1981.Applicant
- Fercher, Adolf “Optical Coherence Tomography”, Journal of Biomedical Optics, vol. 1, pp. 157-173, Apr. 1996.Applicant
- Ferreira, L.A. et al., “Polarization-Insensitive Fiberoptic White-Light Interferometry”, Optics Communications, vol. 114, pp. 386-392, Feb. 1995.Applicant
- Fujii, Yohji, “High-Isolation Polarization-Independent Optical Circulator”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 9, pp. 1239-1243, Oct. 1991.Applicant
- Glance, B., “Polarization Independent Coherent Optical Receiver”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. LT-5, p. 274, Feb. 1987.Applicant
- Glombitza, U., “Coherent Frequency-Domain Reflectometry for Characterization of Single-Mode Integrated-Optical Wave-Guides”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 11, pp. 1377-1384, Aug. 1993.Applicant
- Golubovic, B. et al., “Optical Frequency-Domain Reflectometry Using Rapid Wavelength Tuning of a Cr4+:Forsterite Laser”, Optics Letters, vol. 11, pp. 1704-1706, Nov. 1997.Applicant
- Haberland, U. H. P. et al., “Chirp Optical Coherence Tomography of Layered Scattering Media”, Journal of Biomedical Optics, vol. 3, pp. 259-266, Jul. 1998.Applicant
- Hammer, Daniel X. et al., “Spectrally Resolved White-Light Interferometry for Measurement of Ocular Dispersion”, Journal of the Optical Society of America A—Optics Image Science and Vision, vol. 16, pp. 2092-2102, Sep. 1999.Applicant
- Harvey, K. C. et al., “External-Cavity Diode-Laser Using a Grazing-Incidence Diffraction Grating”, Optics Letters, vol. 16, pp. 910-912, Jun. 1991.Applicant
- Hausler, Gerd et al., “‘Coherence Radar’ and ‘Spectral Radar’ New Tools for Dermatological Diagnosis”, Journal of Biomedical Optics, vol. 3, pp. 21-31, Jan. 1998.Applicant
- Hee, Michael R. et al., “Polarization-Sensitive Low-Coherence Reflectometer for Birefringence Characterization and Ranging”, Journal of the Optical Society of America B (Optical Physics), vol. 9, p. 903-908, Jun. 1992.Applicant
- Hotate Kazuo et al., “Optical Coherence Domain Reflectometry by Synthesis of Coherence Function”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 11, pp. 1701-1710, Oct. 1993.Applicant
- Inoue, Kyo et al., “Nearly Degenerate 4-Wave-Mixing in a Traveling-Wave Semiconductor-Laser Amplifier”, Applied Physics Letters, vol. 51, pp. 1051-1053, 1987.Applicant
- Ivanov, A. P. et al., “New Method for High-Range Resolution Measurements of Light Scattering in Optically Dense Inhomogeneous Media”, Optics Letters, vol. 1, pp. 226-228, Dec. 1977.Applicant
- Ivanov, A. P. et al., “Interferometric Study of the Spatial Structure of a Light-Scattering Medium”, Journal of Applied Spectroscopy, vol. 28, pp. 518-525, 1978.Applicant
- Kazovsky, L. G. et al., “Heterodyne Detection Through Rain, Snow, and Turbid Media: Effective Receiver Size at Optical Through Millimeter Wavelenghths”, Applied Optics, vol. 22, pp. 706-710, Mar. 1983.Applicant
- Kersey, A. D. et al., “Adaptive Polarization Diversity Receiver Configuration for Coherent Optical Fiber Communications”, Electronics Letters, vol. 25, pp. 275-277, Feb. 1989.Applicant
- Kohlhaas, Andreas et al., “High-Resolution OCDR for Testing Integrated-Optical Waveguides: Dispersion-Corrupted Experimental Data Corrected by a Numerical Algorithm”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 9, pp. 1493-1502, Nov. 1991.Applicant
- Larkin, Kieran G., “Efficient Nonlinear Algorithm for Envelope Detection in White Light Interferometry”, Journal of the Optical Society of America A—Optics Image Science and Vision, vol. 13, pp. 832-843, Apr. 1996.Applicant
- Leitgeb, R. et al., “Spectral measurement of Absorption by Spectroscopic Frequency-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography”, Optics Letters, vol. 25, pp. 820-822, Jun. 2000.Applicant
- Lexer, F. et al., “Wavelength-Tuning Interferometry of Intraocular Distances”, Applied Optics,vol. 36, pp. 6548-6553, Sep. 1997.Applicant
- Mitsui, Takahisa, “Dynamic Range of Optical Reflectometry with Spectral Interferometry”, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Part 1—Regular Papers Short Notes & Review Papers, vol. 38, pp. 6133-6137, 1999.Applicant
- Naganuma, Kazunori et al., “Group-Delay Measurement Using the Fourier-Transform of an Interferometric Cross-Correlation Generated by White Light”, Optics Letters, vol. 15, pp. 393-395, Apr. 1990.Applicant
- Okoshi,Takanori, “Polarization-State Control Schemes for Heterodyne or Homodyne Optical Fiber Communications”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. LT-3, pp. 1232-1237, Dec. 1995.Applicant
- Passy, R. et al., “Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Coherent OFDR with Semiconductor-Laser Sources”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 12, pp. 1622-1630, Sep. 1994.Applicant
- Podoleanu, Adrian G., “Unbalanced Versus Balanced Operation in an Optical Coherence Tomography System”, Applied Optics, vol. 39, pp. 173-182, Jan. 2000.Applicant
- Price, J. H. V. et al., “Tunable, Femtosecond Pulse Source Operating in the Range 1.06-1.33 mu m Based on an Yb3+-doped Holey Fiber Amplifier”, Journal of the Optical Society of America B—Optical Physics, vol. 19, pp. 1286-1294, Jun. 2002.Applicant
- Schmitt, J. M. et al, “Measurement of Optical-Properties O Biological Tissues by Low-Coherence Reflectometry” Applied Optics, vol. 32, pp. 6032-6042, Oct. 1993.Applicant
- Silberberg, Y. et al., “Passive-Mode Locking of a Semiconductor Diode-Laser”, Optics Letters, vol. 9, pp. 507-509, Nov. 1984.Applicant
- Smith, L. Montgomery et al., “Absolute Displacement Measurements Using Modulation of the Spectrum of White-Light in a Michelson Interferometer”, Applied Optics, vol. 28, pp. 3339-3342, Aug. 1989.Applicant
- Sonnenschein, C. M. et al., “Signal-To-Noise Relationships for Coaxial Systems that Heterodyne Backscatter from Atmosphere”, Applied Optics, vol. 10, pp. 1600-1604, Jul. 1971.Applicant
- Sorin, W. V. et al., “Measurement of Rayleigh Backscattering at 1.55 mu m with 32 mu m Spatial Resolution”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 4, pp. 374-376, Apr. 1992.Applicant
- Sorin, W. V. et al., “A Simple Intensity Noise-Reduction Technique for Optical Low-Coherence Reflectometry”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 4, pp. 1404-1406, Dec. 1992.Applicant
- Swanson, E. A. et al., “High-Speed Optical Coherence Domair Reflectometry”, Optics Letters, vol. 17, pp. 151-153, Jan. 1992.Applicant
- Takada, K. et al., “High-Resolution OFDR with Incorporated Fiberoptic Frequency Encoder”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 4, pp. 1069-1072, Sep. 1992.Applicant
- Takada, Kazumasa et al., “Narrow-Band light Source with Acoustooptic Tunable Filter for Optical Low-Coherence Reflectometry”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 8, pp. 658-660, May 1996.Applicant
- Takada, Kazumasa et al., “New Measurement System for Fault Location in Optical Wave-Guide Devices Based on an Interometric-Technique”, Applied Optics, vol. 26, pp. 1603-1606, May 1987.Applicant
- Tateda, Mitsuhiro et al., “Interferometric Method for Chromatic Dispersion Measurement in a Single-Mode Optical Fiber”, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 17, pp. 404-407, Mar. 1981.Applicant
- Toide, M. et al., “Two-Dimensional Coherent Detection Imaging in Multiple Scattering Media Based the Directional Resolution Capability of the Optical Heterodyne Method”, Applied Physics B (Photophysics and Laser Chemistry), vol. B52, pp. 391-394, 1991.Applicant
- Trutna, W. R. et al., “Continuously Tuned External-Cavity Semiconductor-Laser”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 11, pp. 1279-1286, Aug. 1993.Applicant
- Uttam, Deepak et al., “Precision Time Domain Reflectometry in Optical Fiber Systems Using a Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Ranging Technique”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 3, pp. 971-977, Oct. 1985.Applicant
- Von Der Weid, J. P. et al., “On the Characterization of Optical Fiber Network Components with Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 15, pp. 1131-1141, Jul. 1997.Applicant
- Wysocki, P.F. et al., “Broad-Spectrum, Wavelength-Swept, Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser at 1.55-Mu-M”, Optics Letters, vol. 15, pp. 879-881, Aug. 1990.Applicant
- Youngquist, Robert C. et al., “Optical Coherence-Domain Reflectometry—A New Optical Evaluation Technique”, Optics Letters, vol. 12, pp. 158-160, Mar. 1987.Applicant
- Yun, S. H. et al., “Wavelength-Swept Fiber Laser with Frequency Shifted Feedback and Resonantly Swept Intra-Cavity Acoustooptic Tunable Filter”, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 3, pp. 1087-1096, Aug. 1997.Applicant
- Yun, S. H. et al., “Interrogation of Fiber Grating Sensor Arrays with a Wavelength-Swept Fiber Laser”, Optics Letters, vol. 23, pp. 843-845, Jun. 1998.Applicant
- Yung, K. M., “Phase-Domain Processing of Optical Coherence Tomography Images”, Journal of Biomedical Optics, vol. 4, pp. 125-136, Jan. 1999.Applicant
- Zhou, Xiao-Qun et al., “Extended-Range FMCW Reflectometry Using an optical Loop with a Frequency Shifter”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 8, pp. 248-250, Feb. 1996.Applicant
- Zorabedian, Paul et al., “Tuning Fidelity of Acoustooptically Controlled External Cavity Semiconductor-Lasers”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 13, pp. 62-66, Jan. 1995.Applicant
- Victor S. Y. Lin et al., “A Porous Silicon-Based Optical Interferometric Biosensor”, Science Magazine, vol. 278, pp. 840-843, Oct. 31, 1997.Applicant
- Liptak David C. et al., (2007) “On the Development of a Confocal Rayleigh-Brillouin Microscope” American Institute of Physics vol. 78, 016106.Applicant
- Office Action mailed Oct. 1, 2008 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/955,986.Applicant
- Invitation of Pay Additional Fees mailed Aug. 7, 2008 for International Application No. PCT/US2008/062354.Applicant
- Invitation of Pay Additional Fees mailed Jul. 20, 2008 for International Application No. PCT/US2007/081982.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion mailed Mar. 7, 2006 for PCT/US2005/035711.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion mailed Jul. 18, 2008 for PCT/US2008/057533.Applicant
- Aizu, Y et al. (1991) “Bio-Speckle Phenomena and Their Application to the Evaluation of Blood Flow” Optics and Laser Technology, vol. 23, No. 4, Aug. 1, 1991.Applicant
- Richards G.J. et al. (1997) “Laser Speckle Contrast Analysis (LASCA): A Technique for Measuring Capillary Blood Flow Using the First Order Statistics of Laser Speckle Patterns” Apr. 2, 1997.Applicant
- Gonick, Maria M., et al (2002) “Visualization of Blood Microcirculation Parameters in Human Tissues by Time Integrated Dynamic Speckles Analysis” vol. 972, No. 1, Oct. 1, 2002.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion mailed Jul. 4, 2008 for PCT/US2008/051432.Applicant
- Jonathan, Enock (2005) “Dual Reference Arm Low-Coherence Interferometer-Based Reflectometer for Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Application” Optics Communications vol. 252.Applicant
- Motaghian Nezam, S.M.R. (2007) “increased Ranging Depth in optical Frequency Domain Imaging by Frequency Encoding” Optics Letters, vol. 32, No. 19, Oct. 1, 2007.Applicant
- Office Action dated Jun. 30, 2008 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/670,058.Applicant
- Office Action dated Jul. 7, 2008 for U.S. Appl. No. 10/551,735.Applicant
- Australian Examiner's Report mailed May 27, 2008 for Australian patent application No. 2003210669.Applicant
- Notice of Allowance mailed Jun. 4, 2008 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/174,425.Applicant
- European communication dated May 15, 2008 for European patent application No. 05819917.5.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion mailed Jun. 10, 2008 for PCT/US2008/051335.Applicant
- Oh. W.Y. et al (2006) “Ultrahigh-Speed Optical Frequency Domain Imaging and Application to laser Ablation Monitoring” Applied Physics Letters, vol. 88.Applicant
- Office Action dated Aug. 21, 2008 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/505,700.Applicant
- Sticker, Markus (2002) En Face Imaging of Single Cell layers by Differential Phase-Contrast Optical Coherence Microscopy) Optics Letters, col. 27, No. 13, Jul. 1, 2002.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Jul. 17, 2008 for International Application No. PCT/US2008/057450.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Aug. 11, 2008 for International Application No. PCT/US2008/058703.Applicant
- US National Library of Medicine (NLM), Bethesda, MD, US; Oct. 2007, “Abstracts of the 19th Annual Symposium of Transcatheter Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Oct. 20-25, 2007, Washington, DC, USA.”Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion dated May 26, 2008 for International Application No. PCT/US2008/051404.Applicant
- Office Action dated Aug. 25, 2008 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/264,655.Applicant
- Office Action dated Sep. 11, 2008 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/624,334.Applicant
- Office Action dated Aug. 21, 2008 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/956,079.Applicant
- Gelikono, V. M. et al. Oct. 1, 2004 “Two-Wavelength Optical Coherence Tomography” Radio physics and Quantum Electronics, Kluwer Academic Publishers-Consultants. vol. 47, No. 10-1.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/US2007/081982 dated Oct. 19, 2007.Applicant
- Database Compendex Engineering Information, Inc., New York, NY, US; Mar. 5, 2007, Yelin, Dvir et al: “Spectral-Domain Spectrally-Encoded Endoscopy”.Applicant
- Database Biosis Biosciences Information Service, Philadelphia, PA, US; Oct. 2006, Yelin D. et al: “Three-Dimensional Miniature Endoscopy”.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion mailed Mar. 14, 2005 for PCT/US2004/018045.Applicant
- Notification of the international Preliminary Report on Patentability mailed Oct. 21, 2005.Applicant
- Shim M.G. et al., “Study of Fiber-Optic Probes for in vivo Medical Raman Spectroscopy” Applied Spectroscopy. vol. 53, No. 6, Jun. 1999.Applicant
- Bingid U. et al., “Fibre-Optic Laser-Assisted Infrared Tumour Diagnostics (FLAIR); Infrared Tomour Diagnostics” Journal of Physics D. Applied Physics, vol. 38, No. 15, Aug. 7, 2005.Applicant
- Jun Zhang et al. “Full Range Polarization-Sensitive Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography” Optics Express, vol. 12, No. 24. Nov. 29, 2004.Applicant
- Yonghua et al., “Real-Time Phase-Resolved Functional Optical Hilbert Transformation” Optics Letters, vol. 27, No. 2, Jan. 15, 2002.Applicant
- Siavash et al., “Self-Referenced Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography” Optics Letters, vol. 27, No. 23, Dec. 1, 2002.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Dec. 20, 2004 for PCT/US04/10152.Applicant
- Notification Concerning Transmittal of International Preliminary Report on Patentability dated Oct. 13, 2005 for PCT/US04/10152.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Mar. 23, 2006 for PCT/US2005/042408.Applicant
- International Preliminary Report on Patentability dated Jun. 7, 2007 for PCT/US2005/042408.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Feb. 28, 2007 for International Application No. PCT/US2006/038277.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Jan. 30, 2009 for International Application No. PCT/US2008/081834.Applicant
- Fox, J.A. et al; “A New Galvanometric Scanner for Rapid tuning of C02 Lasers” New York, IEEE, US vol. Apr. 7, 1991.Applicant
- Motaghian Nezam, S.M. et al: “High-speed Wavelength-Swept Semiconductor laser using a Diffrection Grating and a Polygon Scanner in Littro Configuration” Optical Fiber Communication and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference Mar. 29, 2007.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Feb. 2, 2009 for International Application No. PCT/US2008/071786.Applicant
- Bilenca A et al: “The Role of Amplitude and phase in Fluorescence Coherence Imaging: From Wide Filed to Nanometer Depth Profiling”, Optics IEEE, May 5, 2007.Applicant
- Inoue, Yusuke et al: “Varible Phase-Contrast-Fluorescence Spectrometry for Fluorescently Strained Cells”, Applied Physics Letters, Sep. 18, 2006.Applicant
- Bernet, S et al: “Quantitative Imaging of Complex Samples by Spiral Phase Contrast Microscopy”, Optics Express, May 9, 2006.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Jan. 15, 2009 for International Application No. PCT/US2008/074863.Applicant
- Office Action dated Feb. 17, 2009 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/211,483.Applicant
- Notice of Reasons for Rejection mailed Dec. 2, 2008 for Japanese patent application No. 2000-533782.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Feb. 24, 2009 for PCT/US2008/076447.Applicant
- European Official Action dated Dec. 2, 2008 for EP 07718117.0.Applicant
- Barfuss et al (1989) “Modified Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry with High spatial Resolution for Components of integrated optic Systems”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, IEEE vol. 7., No. 1.Applicant
- Yun et al., (2004) “Removing the Depth-Degeneracy in Optical Frequency Domain Imaging with Frequency Shifting”, Optics Express, vol. 12, No. 20.Applicant
- International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Jun. 10, 2009 for PCT/US08/075456.Applicant
- European Search Report issued May 5, 2009 for European Application No. 01991471.2.Applicant
- Motz, J.T. et al: “Spectral- and Frequency-Encoded Fluorescence Imaging” Optics Letters, OSA, Optical Society of America, Washington, DC, US, vol. 30, No. 20, Oct. 15, 2005, pp. 2760-2762.Applicant
- Japanese Notice of Reasons for Rejection dated Jul. 14, 2009 for Japanese Patent application No. 2006-503161.Applicant
- Office Action dated Aug. 18, 2009 for U.S. Appl. No. 12/277,178.Applicant
- Office Action dated Aug. 13, 2009 for U.S. Appl. No. 10/136,813.Applicant
- Office Action dated Aug. 6, 2009 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/624,455.Applicant
- Office Action dated May 15, 2009 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/537,123.Applicant
- Office Action dated Apr. 17, 2009 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/537,343.Applicant
- Office Action dated Apr. 15, 2009 for U.S. Appl. No. 12/205,775.Applicant
- Office Action dated Dec. 9, 2008 for U.S. Appl. No. 09/709,162.Applicant
- Office Action dated Dec. 23, 2008 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/780,261.Applicant
- Office Action dated Jan. 9, 2010 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/624,455.Applicant
- Office Action dated Feb. 18, 2009 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/285,301.Applicant
- Beddow et al, (May 2002) “Improved Performance Interferomater Designs for Optical Coherence Tomography”, IEEE Optical Fiber Sensors Conference, pp. 527-530.Applicant
- Yaqoob et al., (Jun. 2002) “High-Speed Wavelength-Multiplexed Fiber-Optic Sensors for Biomedicine,” Sensors Proceedings of the IEEE, pp. 325-330.Applicant
- Office Action dated Feb. 18, 2009 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/697,012.Applicant
- Zhang et al, (Sep. 2004), “Fourier Domain Functional Optical Coherence Tomography”, Saratov Fall Meeting 2004, pp. 8-14.Applicant
- Office Action dated Feb. 23, 2009 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/956,129.Applicant
- Office Action dated Mar. 16, 2009 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/621,694.Applicant
- Office Action dated Oct. 1, 2009 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/677,278.Applicant
- Office Action dated Oct. 6, 2009 for U.S. Appl. No. 12/015,642.Applicant
- Lin, Stollen et al., (1977) “A CW Tunable Near-infrared (1.085-1.175-um) Raman Oscillator,” Optics Letters, vol. 1, 96.Applicant
- Summons to attend Oral Proceedings dated Oct. 9, 2009 for European patent application No. 06813365.1.Applicant
- Office Action dated Dec. 15, 2009 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/549,397.Applicant
- D.J. Bowery et al., (1999) “Patterns of Gastritis in Patients with Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease,”, Gut, vol. 45, pp. 798-803.Applicant
- M.I. Canto et al., (1999) “Vital Staining and Barrett's Esophagus,” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, vol. 49, No.3, Part 2, pp. S12-S16.Applicant
- P. Pfau et al.,(2003) “Criteria for the Diagnosis of Dysphasia by Endoscopic Optical Coherence Tomography,” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, vol. 58, No. 2, pp. 196-2002.Applicant
- X. Qi et al. (2004) “Computer Aided Diagnosis of Dysphasia in Barrett's Esophagus Using Endoscopic Optical Coherence Tomography,” SPIE, Coherence Domain Optical Methods and Optical Coherence Tomography in Biomedicine VIII. Proc. of Conference on., vol. 5316, pp. 33-40.Applicant
- Seltzer et al., (1991) “160 nm Continuous Tuning of a MQW Laser in an Extemal-Cavity Across the Entire 1.3 μm Communications Window,” Electronics Letters, vol. 27, pp. 95-96.Applicant
- R. Haggitt et al., “Barrett's Esophagus Correlation Between Mucin Histochemistry, Flow Cytometry, and Histological Diagnosis for Predicting Increased Cancer Risk,” Apr. 1988, American Journal of Pathology, vol. 131, No. 1, pp. 53-61.Applicant
- R.H. Hardwick et al., (1995) “c-erbB-2 Overexpression in the Dysplasia/Carcinoma Sequence of Barrett's Oesophagus,” Journal of Clinical Pathology, vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 129-132.Applicant
- W. Polkowski et al, (1998) Clinical Decision making in Barrett's Oesophagus can be supported by Computerized Immunoquantitation and Morphometry of Features Associated with Proliferation and Differentiation, Journal of pathology, vol. 184, pp. 161-168.Applicant
- J.R. Turner et al., MN Antigen Expression in Normal Preneoplastic, and Neoplastic Esophagus: A Clinicopathological Study of a New Cancer-Associated Biomarker,: Jun. 1997, Human Pathology, vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 740-744.Applicant
- D.J. Bowery et al., (1999) “Patterns of Gastritis in Patients with Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease,”, Gut, vol, 45, pp. 798-803.Applicant
- O'Reich et al., (2000) “Expression of Oestrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Low-Grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcomas,”, British Journal of Cancer, vol. 82, No. 5, pp. 1030-1034.Applicant
- M.I. Canto et al., (1999) “Vital Staining and Barrett's Esophagus,” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, vol. 49, No. 3, Part 2, pp. S12-S16.Applicant
- S. Jackle et al., (2000) “In Vivo Endoscopic Optical Coherence Tomography of the Human Gastrointestinal Tract-Toward Optical Biopsy,” Encoscopy, vol. 32, No. 10, pp. 743-749.Applicant
- E. Montgomery et al., “Reproducibility of the Diagnosis of Dysplasia in Barrett Esophagus: A Reaffirmation,” Apr. 2001, Human Pathology, vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 368-378.Applicant
- H. Geddert et al., “Expression of Cyclin B1 in the Metaplasia-Dysphasia-Carcinoma Sequence of Barrett Esophagus,” Jan. 2002, Cancer, vol. 94, No. 1, pp. 212-218.Applicant
- P. Pfau et al., (2003) “Criteria for the Diagnosis of Dysphasia by Endoscopic Optical Coherence Tomography,” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, vol. 58, No. 2, pp. 196-2002.Applicant
- R. Kiesslich et al., (2004) “Confocal Laser Endoscopy for Diagnosing Intraepithelial Neoplasias and Colorectal Cancer in Vivo,” Gastroenterology, vol. 127, No. 3, pp. 706-713.Applicant
- X. Qi et al., (2004) “Computer Aided Diagnosis of Dysphasia in Barrett's Esophagus Using Endoscopic Optical Coherence Tomography,” SPIE, Coherence Domain Optical Methods and Optical Coherence Tomography in Biomedicine VIII. Proc. of Conference on., vol. 5316, pp. 33-40.Applicant
- Seltzer et al., (1991) “160 nm Continuous Tuning of a MQW Laser in an External Cavity Across the Entire 1.3 μm Communications Window,” Electronics Letters, vol. 27, pp. 95-96.Applicant
- Office Action dated Jan. 25, 2010 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/537,048.Applicant
- International Search Report dated Jan. 27, 2010 for PCT/US2009/050553.Applicant
- International Search Report dated Jan. 27, 2010 for PCT/US2009/047988.Applicant
- International Search Report dated Feb. 23, 2010 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/445,131.Applicant
- Office Action dated Mar. 18, 2010 of U.S. Appl. No. 11/844,454.Applicant
- Office Action dated Apr. 8, 2010 of U.S. Appl. No. 11/414,564.Applicant
- Japanese Office Action dated Apr. 13, 2010 for Japanese Patent application No. 2007-515029.Applicant
- International Search Report dated May 27, 2010 for PCT/US2009/063420.Applicant
- Office Action dated May 28, 2010 for U.S. Appl. No. 12/015,642.Applicant
- Office Action dated Jun. 2, 2010 for U.S. Appl. No. 12/112,205.Applicant
- Office Action dated Jul. 7, 2010 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/624,277.Applicant
- Montag Ethan D., “Parts of the Eye” online textbook for JIMG 774: Vision & Psycophysics, download on Jun. 23, 2010 from http://www.cis.rit.edu/people/faculty/montag/vandplite/pages/chap—8/ch8p3.html.Applicant
- Office Action dated Jul. 16, 2010 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/445,990.Applicant
- Office Action dated Jul. 20, 2010 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/625,135.Applicant
- Office Action dated Aug. 5, 2010 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/623,852.Applicant
- Chinese office action dated Aug. 4, 2010 for CN 200780005949.9.Applicant
- Chinese office action dated Aug. 4, 2010 for CN 200780016266.3.Applicant
- Zhang et al., “Full Range Polarization-Sensitive Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography” Optics Express, Nov. 29, 2004, vol. 12, No. 24.Applicant
- Office Action dated Aug. 27, 2010 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/569,790.Applicant
- Office Action dated Aug. 31, 2010 for U.S. Appl. No. 11/677,278.Applicant
- Office Action dated Sep. 3, 2010 for U.S. Appl. No. 12/139,314.Applicant
- Yong Zhao et al: “Virtual Data Grid Middleware Services for Data-Intensive Science”, Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, Wiley, London, GB, Jan. 1, 2000, pp. 1-7, pp. 1532-0626.Applicant
- Swan et al., “Toward Nanometer-Scale Resolution in Fluorescence Microscopy using Spectral Self-Inteference” IEEE Journal. Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 9 (2) 2003, pp. 294-300.Applicant
- Moiseev et al., “Spectral Self-Interfence Fluorescence Microscopy”, J. Appl. Phys. 96 (9) 2004, pp. 5311-5315.Applicant
- Hendrik Verschueren, “Interference Reflection Microscopy in Cell Biology”, J. Cell Sci. 75, 1985, pp. 289-301.Applicant
- Park et al., “Diffraction Phase and Fluorescence Microscopy”, Opt. Expr. 14 (18) 2006, pp. 8263-8268.Applicant
- Swan et al., “High Resolution Spectral Self-Interference Fluorescence Microscopy”, Proc. SPIE 4621, 2002, pp. 77-85.Applicant
- Sanchez et al., “Near-Field Fluorscence Microscopy Based on Two-Photon Excvitation with Metal Tips”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 (20) 1999, pp. 4014-4017.Applicant
- Wojtkowski, Maciej, Ph.D. “Three-Dimensional Retinal Imaging with High-Speed Ultrahitt-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography” Ophthalmology, Oct. 2005, 112(10): 1734-1746.Applicant
- Vaughan, J.M. et al., “Brillouin Scattering, Density and Elastic Properties of the Lens and Cornea of the Eye”, Nature, vol. 284, Apr. 3, 1980, pp. 489-491.Applicant
- Hess, S.T. et al. “Ultra-high Resolution Imaging by Fluorescence Photoactivation Localization Microscopy” Biophysical Journal vol. 91, Dec. 2006, 4258-4272.Applicant
- Fernandez-Suarez, M. et al., “Fluorescent Probes for Super-Resolution Imaging in Living Cells” Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology vol. 9, Dec. 2008.Applicant
- Extended European Search Report mailed Dec. 14, 2010 for EP 10182301.1.Applicant