Minimally invasive lateral intervertbral fixation system, device and method

[0001] This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/998,376, which was filed Oct. 11, 2007 and entitled “Lateral Fixating Interbody Device,” and which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to spinal fusion devices. More specifically, example embodiments are directed a minimally invasive lateral intervertebral system, device and method.

[0003] Articulations between bony vertebrae of a human spine—such as spinal disks and facet joints—frequently deteriorate with age or trauma and become a source of pain. Spinal disk deterioration causes the spinal disk to lose its normal consistency and volume, which facilitates the spinal disk to collapse and to cause abnormally painful motion across the spinal disk within the spine. The abnormal motion across the deteriorating spinal disk also increases the stresses on the facet joints and accelerates their degeneration, further adding to the abnormally painful motion across the spinal disk of the spine.

[0004] A normal spinal disk is a cylindrical weigh-bearing fibrous structure with a non-compressible viscous center. Due to its ability to deform, the spinal disk not only supports normal functional loads of the human body (e.g., load bearing) but also cushions and evenly distributes the stresses applied with body movement and positioning (e.g., load sharing). The spinal disk articulates between the bony vertebrae—one vertebra above the spinal disk and one vertebra below the spinal disk—through large surface area interfaces known as an endplates. An endplate is a thin (e.g., 1 mm-3 mm) and approximately round plate (e.g., 2 cm-4 cm in diameter) of dense bone and cartilage accounting for a majority of the vertebral load-bearing capacity.

[0005] Surgical treatment of spinal disk disorders has required fusion or elimination of movement across the abnormal spinal disk. This has been accomplished by allowing bone to grow between adjacent vertebrae and through a disk space of the abnormal spinal disk. In the foregoing surgical treatment, the disk space of the abnormal disk is restored to its normal height by opening the disk space occupied by the spinal disk, which is removed, while also restoring a normal curvature of the spine determined by a differential height between the front and the back of the spinal disk between adjacent vertebrae (e.g., lordosis). The foregoing restoration is commonly achieved by using a disk implant that opens the space and allows for growth of bridging bone that fuses the adjacent vertebrae. The ultimate effectiveness of the disk implant is based on: (i) its ability to restore and maintain normal curvature of the spine across the disk space; (ii) ease of its insertion and fixation within the disk space; (iii) its facilitation of bony fusion of the adjacent vertebrae; and (iv) its restriction of movement of the adjacent vertebrae in respect to the disk implant across the disk space.

[0006] Disk implants vary in shape but possess similar characteristics with upper and lower surfaces conforming to the shape of the vertebral endplates and vertical designs that aim to restore normal height of the collapsed disk space and to restore normal curvature of spine. The disk implants are sufficiently porous or hollow to allow bridging bone to grow through the disk implants and to bridge the adjacent vertebrae (e.g., bone fusion). These disk implants generally perform well with vertical load bearing and flexion of the spine. However, these disk implants are not able to restrict movement between adjacent vertebrae when the vertebrae are pulled apart, or subjected to extension and lateral bending. These disk implants further provide negligible restriction during translation (e.g., sliding motion) and rotation of the spine.

[0007] Some disk implants cut into or have protrusions directed into or through the endplates of the vertebrae. These protrusions penetrate the endplates and potentially create channels for bone growth, yet do not alter structural properties of the endplates. These protrusions further reduce the risk of extrusion of the disk implants from of the disk space. The protrusions restrict translation of the disk implants but the protrusions do not restrict extension and lateral bending. This necessitates additional fixation or immobilization usually via posterior pedicle screws.

[0008] One of the surgical techniques used to deliver the disk implant is a minimally invasive lateral approach. The minimally invasive lateral approach utilizes a tubular access retractor to remove the spinal disk and to deliver a weight-bearing disk implant. The disk implant delivered via the lateral approach does not provide sufficiently rigid fixation and requires a further surgical procedure to provide posterior fixation of the disk implant. A current solution is to utilize a lateral plate secured with two screws. The lateral plate requires repetitive delivery of multiple components through a small channel and provides a relatively small fixation advantage over the standalone disk implant. The ability to provide sufficient fixation across the disk space through the minimally invasive lateral approach would eliminate the second surgical procedure.

[0009] In a particular embodiment, an intervertebral fixation device is disclosed. The device includes a weight-bearing shell configured to fit into a disk space between plural vertebrae, the weight-bearing shell including plural sidewalls, a back wall and a front wall, a top surface and a bottom surface, the weight-bearing shell including a keyway opening between and through the plural sidewalls and plural openings between and through the top surface and the bottom surface that form a plurality of open chambers to an exterior of the shell. The intervertebral fixation device includes a first plurality of anchors adapted to penetrate and secure to a first vertebra, the first plurality of anchors rotatably coupled to the shell at a first axis of rotation proximate the top surface, the first plurality of anchors rotatably disposed in a first orientation in relation to the weight-bearing shell. The intervertebral fixation device also includes a second plurality of anchors adapted to penetrate and secure to a second vertebra, the second plurality of anchors rotatably coupled to the shell at a second axis of rotation proximate the bottom surface, the second plurality of anchors rotatably disposed in a second orientation in relation to the weight-bearing shell, the first orientation divergent from the second orientation. Further, the intervertebral fixation device also includes a key adapted to advance from the exterior of the shell through the keyway opening to rotate the first plurality of anchors in divergent directions from the second plurality of anchors and to secure the first vertebra and the second vertebra, respectively, the key further adapted to support the first plurality of anchors and the second plurality of anchors in divergent directions in relation to the weight-bearing shell and secured to the first vertebra and the second vertebra.

[0010] In another particular embodiment, an intervertebral fixation system is disclosed. The system includes an intervertebral fixation device. The device includes a weight-bearing shell configured to fit into a disk space between plural vertebrae, the weight-bearing shell including plural sidewalls, a back wall and a front wall, a top surface and a bottom surface, the weight-bearing shell including a keyway opening between and through the plural sidewalls and plural openings between and through the top surface and the bottom surface that form a plurality of open chambers to an exterior of the shell. The device includes a first plurality of anchors adapted to penetrate and secure to a first vertebra, the first plurality of anchors rotatably coupled to the shell at a first axis of rotation proximate the top surface, the first plurality of anchors rotatably disposed in a first orientation in relation to the weight-bearing shell. The device also includes a second plurality of anchors adapted to penetrate and secure to a second vertebra, the second plurality of anchors rotatably coupled to the shell at a second axis of rotation proximate the bottom surface, the second plurality of anchors rotatably disposed in a second orientation in relation to the weight-bearing shell, the first orientation divergent from the second orientation. The device further includes a key having plural protrusions adapted to engage the weight-bearing shell, the key adapted to advance through the keyway opening to rotate the first plurality of anchors in divergent directions from the second plurality of anchors and to secure the first vertebra and the second vertebra, respectively, the key further adapted to support the first plurality of anchors and the second plurality of anchors in divergent directions in relation to the weight-bearing shell and secured to the first vertebra and the second vertebra.

[0011] In yet another particular embodiment, a method to secure plural vertebrae is disclosed. The method includes advancing a wedge through a weight-bearing shell to rotate a first plurality of anchors and a second plurality of anchors into intermediately rotated divergent positions that partially penetrate the plural vertebrae. The method further include advancing a key through the weight-bearing shell to rotate the first plurality of anchors and the second plurality of anchors from the intermediately rotated divergent positions to extended divergent positions that secure the plural vertebrae to the weight-bearing shell. Further the method includes locking the key in the weight-bearing shell to support the first plurality of anchors and the second plurality of anchors in the extended divergent positions in relation to the weight-bearing shell, the key further to secure the first plurality of anchors and the second plurality of anchors to the plural vertebrae.

[0012] In a further embodiment a method to assemble an intervertebral fixation system is disclosed. The method includes preloading a first plurality of anchors into a weight-bearing shell in a first orientation in relation to the weight-bearing shell and preloading a second plurality of anchors in a second orientation in relation to the weight-bearing shell, the first orientation being divergent form the second orientation. The method also includes preloading a wedge and a key extender into an introducer. The method further includes locking the introducer to the weight-bearing shell using a key via the key extender. The key is adapted to be unlocked from the introducer and locked in the shell to support the first plurality of anchors and the second plurality of anchors.

[0013] Other aspects, advantages, and features of the present disclosure will become apparent after review of the entire application, including the following sections: Brief Description of the Drawings, Detailed Description, and the claims.

[0026] FIG. 1 is a perspective view 100 of an example shell 101 of a minimally invasive lateral intervertebral fixation device. The minimally invasive lateral intervertebral fixation device is illustrated in and described with reference to FIG. 11. The shell 101 is made of a material, such as a thermoplastic, a polymer, or a composite thereof, that is sufficiently resilient to withstand stress or pressure of bodily movement and positioning, while providing a degree of elasticity and also providing biostablity and biocompatibility. The material should have a modulus of elasticity that is comparable to bone. For example, the shell 101 may be made of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a thermoplastic with a Young's modulus of elasticity of about 3.6 GPa and a tensile strength of about 90 MPa. Also, because PEEK is resistant to both organic and aqueous environments, it is practical for the minimally invasive lateral intervertebral fixation device. Other materials that may be used include metals, ceramics, medical plastics, coral, and other medically applicable materials.

[0027] In various embodiments, the dimensions of the shell 101 are approximately the following: the length of the shell 101 between sidewalls 102, 104 is between about 45 mm and about 55 mm; the width of the shell 101 between the back wall 106 and the front wall 108 is between about 15 mm to about 22 mm; and the height of the shell between top and bottom surfaces 110, 122 is between about 8 mm and about 14 mm. It is noted that the foregoing dimensions are non-limiting and may be appropriately adjusted depending on different levels of the spine (e.g. cervical, lumbar, thoracic) and depending on a particular person's spinal anatomy.

[0028] The shell 101 includes sidewalls 102, 104, intermediate walls 146, 148 and 150 between the sidewalls 102, 104, a back wall 106, a front wall 108, and top and bottom surfaces 110, 112. One or more of the sidewalls 102, 104 include a depression or a recess 114 to interface with an introducer described herein below with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10. As is described in reference to FIGS. 9 and 10, the introducer includes a reciprocal protrusion to pressure fit the depression or recess 114 of the shell 101. While the sidewalls 102, 104, the intermediate walls 146, 148, 150 and the top and bottom surfaces 110, 112 are generally flat surfaces, the front wall 108 is a generally curve-shaped or arcuate surface. The sidewalls 102, 104 and the intermediate walls 146, 148, 150 include through holes 116 and 118 aligned at about the top and bottom surfaces 110, 112, forming respective lengthwise channels through the shell 101 to receive and secure to the shell 101 plural anchors (shown in FIG. 4) by using respective pins (not shown) inserted through the respective channels. The respective lengthwise channels through the shell 101 provide a respective axis of rotation proximate to the top and bottom surfaces 110, 112 of the shell 101. The through holes 116, 118 are disposed proximate to the bottom and the top of the sidewalls 102, 104 and the intermediate walls 146, 148, 150. The sidewalls 102, 104 and the intermediate walls 146, 148, 150 also include respective key-shaped openings 120, 138, 140, 142, 144 (hereinafter collectively referred to as a “keyway opening” or “keyway” 119) that provide access to the plural anchors (shown in FIG. 6) to enable their rotation from a concealed position within the shell 101 into an extended and fixed position in relation to the shell 101 (shown in FIG. 11), using a wedge and a cylindrical key (shown in FIGS. 7, 8 and 10). Each of the key-shaped openings 120, 138, 140, 142, 144 is shaped identically to form the keyway opening or keyway 119 between and through the sidewalls 102, 104.

[0029] The shell 101 includes plural openings 122, 124, 126 and 128 through the top and bottom surfaces 110, 112, plural openings 130, 132, 134 and 136 through the back wall 106 and the keyway opening 119 (e.g., plural key-shaped openings 120, 138, 140, 142 and 144) between and through the sidewalls 102, 104. Openings 122, 128 are about 5 mm-6 mm by about 10 mm-12 mm, and openings 124, 126 are about 10 mm-12 mm by about 12 mm-16 mm. Openings 130, 132, 134 and 136 may be of various sizes. The foregoing plural openings form or define plural chambers (e.g., four chambers) within the shell 101 to facilitate growth of bridging bone through the shell 101 of the minimally invasive lateral intervertebral fixation device. The inner chambers (e.g., innermost two chambers), as indicated by the openings 124, 126, also conceal plural anchors as illustrated in and described in reference to FIGS. 4-6. The outer chambers, as indicated by openings 122 and 128 do not conceal any anchors and facilitate locking of the cylindrical key (shown in FIGS. 7, 8 and 10).

[0030] FIG. 2 is an elevated side view 200 of the example shell 101 of FIG. 1. The keyway 119 (e.g., each of the key-shaped openings 120, 138, 140, 142, 144) includes four portions 202, 204, 206 and 208. A central approximately round portion 202 approximates the circumference of the cylindrical key of FIG. 8, while portion 204 approximates the dimension of plural protrusions about the circumference of the cylindrical key of FIG. 8. Portions 202 and 204 allow the cylindrical key to move through the keyway 119 when the protrusions are aligned with portion 204 and restrict movement of the cylindrical key when the protrusions the cylindrical key are not aligned with portion 204. Portions 202, 204, 206 and 208 of the keyway 119 facilitate access to and rotation of the plural anchors concealed within the shell 101 (shown in FIG. 6) from their concealed position within the shell 101 into an extended and fixed position in relation to the shell 101 (shown in FIG. 11), using the wedge and the cylindrical key (shown in FIGS. 7, 8 and 10).

[0031] FIG. 3 is a side view 300 of the example shell 101 of FIG. 1. As illustrated in the side view 300, the sidewalls 102, 104 and the intermediate walls 146, 148, 150 gradually increase in height from the back wall 106 to the front wall 108, where the top and bottom surfaces 110, 112 are angled with respect to a horizontal plane through a center of the shell 101 (not shown) from the back wall 106 to the front wall 108. To illustrate, in a particular embodiment, the shell 101 of the minimally invasive lateral intervertebral fixation device has a front height 304 of the front wall 108 that is higher than a back height 302 in the back wall 106 to provide for a natural curvature of the cervical or lumbar segments of the spine into which the minimally invasive lateral intervertebral fixation device may be implanted. The difference between the heights 302, 304 may be from about 2 mm to about 3 mm. In an example embodiment, the back height 302 may be about 10 mm and the front height 304 may be about 12 mm. The heights 302, 304 may also be equal. As such, the angle may be varied (adjusting the heights 302, 304) between different levels of the spine (e.g., cervical, lumbar, thoracic) and between different people. The angle between the top surface 110 and the horizontal plane (or the bottom surface 112 and the horizontal plane) may be between zero (0) and six (6) degrees, while a combined angle between the horizontal plane and top and bottom surfaces 110, 112 will most commonly be between three (3) and six (6) degrees depending on the level of the spine and a particular person's spinal anatomy.

[0032] FIG. 4 is an elevated view 400 of an example anchor 401 of the minimally invasive lateral intervertebral fixation device. In a particular embodiment, the anchor 401 is made of a metal, such as titanium. Other medically applicable metals may be employed. The anchor 401 is generally c-shaped, having a generally straight base portion 402 that has a protrusion 403, which provides a pivot for rotating the anchor 401 with the wedge and the cylindrical key of FIGS. 7, 8 and 10. Additionally, the protrusion 403 is of a shape that approximates an edge of portion 202 of the key-shaped openings 120, 138, 140, 142, 144 so that the cylindrical key better restricts the rotational movement of the anchor 401. The base portion 402 includes a beveled or chamfered edge 404 to facilitate the wedge in more easily advancing by and rotating the anchor 401. A projection or arm portion 406 extends in a curve-shaped or arcuate direction from the base portion 402 and is adapted to secure an endplate of a vertebra of the spine. The projection 406 includes a leading pointed or sharp edge 408 adapted to penetrate the endplate of a vertebra of the spine. A cylinder portion 410 is disposed transverse to the base portion 402. The cylinder portion 410 includes through hole 411 to secure the anchor 401 in the shell 101 (via pins described above inserted via through holes 116 or 118 and via through hole 411) and to facilitate the anchor 401 in rotating about the axis of rotation at the top or the bottom surfaces 110, 122 of the shell 101 via through hole 411. In a particular embodiment, the through hole 411 is approximately 1.5 mm and the projection 406 is a curve or arc that is approximately 10 mm from the center of the through hole 411. The width 412 of the base portion 402 is about half of the length 414 of the cylinder portion 410. In a particular embodiment, the width 412 is approximately 2.5 mm, the length 414 is approximately 5.5 mm, and the height of the anchor 401 from the base portion 402 to sharp edge 408 is about 12.5 mm. As is described in detail below, an inner surface 416 of the anchor 401 is of a shape that generally approximates the surface 110 or 112 of the shell 101 to provide weight-bearing support for the endplate of the vertebra that it will engage. The inner surface 416 may be adjusted to approximate the surface 110 or 112 of the shell 101. The inner surface 416 includes a top edge 422 of the cylinder portion 410 that transitions to a flat edge 420 of the base portion 402 and includes a continuous inclining edge 418 that transitions the flat edge 420 to the arcuate projection or arm 406.

[0033] FIG. 5 is a side translucent view 500 of the example shell 101 of FIG. 1 with plural example anchors 502, 504 concealed within the shell 101. A first anchor of the plural anchors 502 is positioned in a first orientation and a second anchor 504 is positioned in a second orientation in relation to the first anchor 502. More specifically, the second anchor 504 is positioned upside down in relation to the first anchor 502. The disparate orientations of the anchors 502, 504 in relation to one another enables the anchors 502, 504 to diverge through the openings 124, 126 in the top and bottom surfaces 110, 112 and to engage with endplates of respective vertebra of the spine (not shown). The disparate orientations of the anchors 502, 504 also facilitate the wedge and the cylindrical key of FIGS. 7, 8 and 10 to be inserted through portions 202, 204, 206 and 208, to engage the anchors 502, 504 with the endplates of the respective vertebrae and to lock the anchors 502, 504 in relation to the shell 101 and the respective vertebrae.

[0034] FIG. 6 is a perspective translucent view 600 of the shell 101 of FIG. 1 with plural preloaded anchors 602-616 in a concealed position within the shell 101. The shell 101 conceals four (4) sets of disparately oriented anchors (602, 610), (604, 612), (606, 614), and (608, 616). As illustrated in view 600, the length of the cylinder portion of each anchor 602-616 (e.g., length 414 in FIG. 4) is approximately double of the width of the base portion (e.g., width 412 in FIG. 4) of each anchor 602-616. This allows sufficient width of the cylinder to secure the anchors 602-616 to the shell 101 when the anchors 602-616 are extended (shown in FIG. 11), while mitigating the amount of space necessary for the anchors 602-616. Anchors (602, 610) and (604, 612) diverge and extend through openings 124 in the top and bottom surfaces 110, 112, while anchors (606, 614) and (608, 616) diverge and extend through openings 126 in the top and bottom surfaces 110, 112.

[0035] FIG. 7 is a perspective view 700 of a first embodiment of a minimally invasive lateral intervertebral system 701. The minimally invasive lateral intervertebral system 701 includes an example wedge 702 and an example cylindrical key 704 to interface with the example shell 101 and the example plural anchors 602-616. The wedge 702 and cylindrical key 704 are used to rotate the respective sets of anchors (602, 610), (604, 612), (606, 614), and (608, 616), in order from the proximal to the distal, from a concealed position within the shell 101 into an extended and fixed position in relation to the shell 101 (shown in FIG. 11) to engage and secure endplates of respective vertebrae (not shown). For example, the wedge 702 is advanced forward (e.g., via portions 206 and 208 of the keyway 119) to rotate a first proximal set of anchors (602, 610) from the concealed position within the shell 101 to an intermediately rotated position in which the base portions of the set of anchors (e.g., base portion 402 of FIG. 4) are disposed within the central portion (e.g., central portion 202 of FIG. 2) of the keyway 119 (e.g., key-shaped opening 138 of FIG. 1). The wedge is similarly advanced from the sidewall 102 to the sidewall 104 to rotate the respective sets of the anchors into intermediately rotated positions. In the intermediately rotated position, the respective sets of anchors have been partially extended from the shell 101 through the openings (e.g., openings 124, 126 of FIG. 1) in the top and bottom surfaces of shell 101 (e.g., top and bottom surfaces 110, 112). The cylindrical key 704 is then advanced forward, fully rotating the first proximal set of anchors (602, 610) and other sets of anchors (604, 612), (606, 614), and (608, 616) into their fully extended positions in relation to the shell 101.

[0036] FIG. 8 is a perspective view 800 of the example cylindrical key 704 of the minimally invasive lateral intervertebral system of FIG. 7. The cylindrical key 704 is made of a solid material, such as PEEK, to provide the same biomechanical properties (e.g., resilience and elasticity) as the shell 101. The cylindrical key 704 includes a cylinder portion 802 that includes a driving/rotating end 806 and a conical end 804. The driving/rotating end 806 includes a slit (shown in FIGS. 10-12) for a driver (not shown) that can drive and rotate the cylindrical key 704. The conical end 804 is offset from the center of the cylinder portion's 802 diameter to more easily rotate the anchors from the intermediately rotated position to a fully extended position. The cylindrical key 704 further includes protrusions 808 and 810 that facilitate the cylindrical key 704 to be driven forward when the protrusions 808, 810 are in a first orientation (e.g., protrusions 808, 810 aligned with portion 204 of the keyway 119 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2). The protrusions further facilitate the cylindrical key 704 to secure the respective sets of anchors (e.g., 602-616 of FIG. 6) when the protrusions 808, 810 are rotated via the driving/rotating end 812 into a second orientation. More specifically, protrusion 810 may be engaged between sidewall 102 and intermediate wall 146, while protrusion 810 may be engaged by intermediate wall 150, to support the sets of anchors (e.g., 602-616 of FIG. 6) in extended positions relative to the shell 101 and to prevent the cylindrical key 704 from dislodging from the shell 101. In a particular embodiment, the length of the cylindrical key 704 is about 50 mm and its cross-sectional diameter is about 8 mm. In this embodiment, the protrusions 808, 810 have a height of about 1.5 mm from the surface of the cylindrical key 704, where the protrusion 810 has a length of about 6 mm and a width of about 5 mm, and the protrusion 808 has a length of about 2 mm and a width of about 5 mm. In this embodiment, the protrusion 808 includes a chambered or a beveled edge that forms a part of the conical end 804.

[0037] FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a minimally invasive lateral intervertebral system 900. The minimally invasive lateral intervertebral system 900 includes an example introducer 901, the shell 101 with plural anchors 602-616, the wedge 702, the cylindrical key 704 (shown in FIG. 10) and an extender/connector 907. The introducer 901 interfaces with the shell 101 and the cylindrical key 704 to deliver and implant the shell 101, the plural anchors 602-616 and the cylindrical key 704 (e.g., the minimally invasive lateral intervertebral fixation device) into a disk space between plural vertebrae.

[0038] The introducer 901 is made of a rigid radiolucent material, such as a radiolucent metal. In various embodiments, the radiolucent metal may be aluminum, beryllium or other radiolucent metal. In a particular embodiment, the introducer 901 is approximately 20 cm long and has a hollow configuration that approximates the shell 101 shown in FIG. 1. The introducer includes a mating protrusion that pressure fits the depression or recess 114 of the shell 101. The introducer 901 includes a handle portion 902 and a swivel portion 904. To facilitate the minimally invasive lateral approach in delivering the minimally invasive lateral intervertebral fixation device (shown in FIG. 11), the plural anchors 602-616 are preloaded within the shell 101, the wedge 702 and the cylindrical key 704 are preloaded with the introducer 901. Also preloaded into the introducer 901 is the extender/connector 907 that interfaces the cylindrical key 704 to a driving/rotating tool (not shown), such as hexagonal screwdriver, to facilitate the cylindrical key's 704 advancement and rotation in the shell 101 via the driving/rotating end 806 of the cylindrical key 704. More specifically, the access to the cylindrical key 704 may be extended by the extender/connector 907, which may include a driving/rotating end and a mating end that fits the driving/rotating end 806 of the cylindrical key 704.

[0039] The handle portion 902 includes an opening 906 that receives protrusion 810 of the cylindrical key 704, while the shell 101 receives the protrusion 808 via opening 122 between sidewall 102 and intermediate wall 146 (shown in FIG. 1). Thus, the cylindrical key 704 temporarily secures the introducer 901 to the shell 101 to facilitate the delivery of the shell 101, the anchors 602-616 concealed therein, the cylindrical key 704 and the extender/connector 907 into the disk space between the vertebrae (not shown). The swivel portion 904 includes a pivoting mechanism 905 that allows the swivel portion 904 to pivot via the pivoting mechanism 905 at about 90 degrees with respect to the handle portion 902. Striking a hammer on the swivel portion 904 that is inline with respect to the handle portion 902 is used to deliver or advance the shell 101, the plural concealed anchors 602-616 and the cylindrical key 706 into position within the disk space between the vertebrae.

[0040] The swivel portion 904 includes an opening 903 that provides access to the preloaded wedge 702 and the cylindrical key 704 via the extender/connector 907. More specifically, after positioning the shell 101 in a proper orientation within the disk space by using the introducer 901 in its inline position (e.g., the swivel portion 904 is extended in line with the handle portion 902 as shown in FIG. 9), the swivel portion 904 is pivoted (not shown) via the pivoting mechanism 905 to expose the wedge 704 and the extender/connector 907 to the cylindrical key 704 via the opening 903. The wedge 702 is advanced forward into the shell 101 to rotate the anchors 602-616 into their respective intermediately rotated positions. The cylindrical key 704 is then rotated about 90 degrees via the driving/rotating end 806 by using the extender/connector 907, until protrusions 808, 810 coincide with portion 204 of the keyway 119 (shown in FIG. 2), thereby unlocking the cylindrical key 704 from the introducer 901. The cylindrical key 704 is advanced via the extender/connector 907 into the shell 101, rotating the anchors 602-616 into their respective final extended positions. The cylindrical key 704 is then locked in the shell 101 by rotating the cylindrical key 704 via the extender/connector 907 back or forward so that the protrusions 808, 810 do not coincide with portion 204 of the keyway 119. The wedge 702 and the extender/connector 907 are removed and the introducer 901 is removed from the disk space. Thus, the shell 101 is secured to the endplates of the vertebrae via the anchors 602-616 and the cylindrical key 704.

[0041] FIG. 10 is a perspective view 1000 of a cross-section of the second embodiment of a minimally invasive lateral intervertebral system 900 of FIG. 9. Perspective view 1000 illustrates cross-sections of the example introducer 901 that interfaces with the example shell 101 and the cylindrical key 704 to deliver and implant the shell 101, the plural anchors 602-616 and the cylindrical key 704 (e.g., minimally invasive lateral intervertebral fixation device). The perspective view 1000 also illustrates the preloaded anchors 602-616 in the shell 101, the preloaded wedge 702, cylindrical key 704 and extender/connector 907 within the introducer 901. The preloading of the foregoing elements via the shell 101 and the introducer 901 facilitates the minimally invasive lateral approach in delivering and securing the minimally invasive lateral intervertebral fixation device (e.g., shell 101, anchors 602-616, cylindrical key 704) within the disk space between vertebrae.

[0042] FIG. 11 is an elevated side view 1100 of a minimally invasive lateral intervertebral fixation device 1102. The minimally invasive lateral intervertebral fixation device 1102 is shown with plural anchors 602-616 of FIG. 6 in an extended position in relation to the shell 101 of FIG. 1. The plural anchors 602-616 are locked via the cylindrical key 704, which may be advanced via the driving/rotating end 806 and rotated via a hexagonal recess 1104. In the extended and locked position, the base portions of the plural anchors 602-616 (e.g., base portion 402) are supported by the cylindrical key 704. The inner surfaces 416 of the plural anchors 602-616 generally approximate the surfaces 110 or 112 to provide weight-bearing support for the endplates of the vertebrae.

[0043] FIG. 12 is an elevated side view 1200 of the minimally invasive lateral intervertebral fixation device 1102 of FIG. 11 with the plural example anchors 602-616 in a locked and an extended position in relation to the shell of FIG. 1 and securing a top endplate 1204 of a vertebra 1202 of a spine (not shown). For clarity, the minimally invasive lateral intervertebral fixation device 1102 is shown securing only one vertebra. It is noted, however, that the minimally invasive lateral intervertebral fixation device 1102 is inserted into a disk space between plural vertebrae, one below and one on top of the minimally invasive lateral intervertebral fixation device 1102, and secures the plural vertebrae via the respective anchors 602-608 and 610-616 and cylindrical key 704. The minimally invasive lateral intervertebral fixation device 1102 is disposed approximately centrally within the disk space between the plural vertebrae. The vertebra 1202 includes a top endplate 1204, a bottom endplate 1208 and a central portion 1206. The endplates 1204, 1208 consist of cortical bone, which is much harder and denser than the cancellous bone of the central portion 1206. Consequently, the respective anchors 602-608 and 610-616 hook and secure the respective endplates 1204 and 1208 of plural vertebrae. The inner surfaces 416 of the plural anchors 602-608 and 610-616 generally approximate the top surface 110 or the bottom surface 112 to provide weight-bearing support for the endplates of the vertebra. Because the shell 101 and the cylindrical key 704 are made of the same material (e.g. PEEK) and the inner surfaces 416 of the plural anchors 602-608 and 610-616 approximate the top and bottom surfaces 110, 112 of the shell 101, the minimally invasive lateral intervertebral fixation device 1102 provides substantial weight-bearing capability and mitigates subsidence of the of the minimally invasive lateral intervertebral fixation device 1102 into the vertebrae.

[0044] The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosed embodiments. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope possible consistent with the principles and novel features as defined by the following claims.