Battery with electronic compartment

[0001] The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/468,541, filed on May 6, 2003, and is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/839,822, filed on May 5, 2004, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

[0002] The present invention relates generally to electronic circuitry and more particularly to wireless control devices powered with batteries.

[0003] As the cost and physical form factor of radio-frequency (RF) components and subsystems has fallen, and integration and available bandwidth has risen, many new applications of wireless technology have become practical and/or commercially viable. In many cases, this trend results in the viability of adding wireless functionality to existing products to either add features or overcome limitations of the device. In other cases, the availability of small, integrated, low cost RF devices and modules make viable accessories which improve or overcome some limitation of existing products.

[0004] One example of this is an article locator. The article locator is a small wireless device attached to an article which a forgetful owner may frequently misplace, such as a TV remote control, car keys, cell phone, MP3 players, audio equipment, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), or any other type of battery operated device. Typically, a number of location devices are sold with a base station. Pressing a button on the base station causes the base station to transmit a signal to the wireless article locator. The article locator upon receiving the signal from the base station emits an audible, visual or vibratory alarm enabling the user to locate the article attached to the wireless device.

[0005] Adding new and possibly unrelated functionality to commonly used articles creates numerous obstacles. Accessories, such as the article locator, usually add to the physical form factor of the attached article. The physical form factor refers to the conventional physical outside appearance and shape of an article. Changing the physical form factor generally requires the user to accept a penalty in exchange for the utility of the wireless feature.

[0006] For example, a remote control device may be ergonomically designed to be evenly balanced and to be comfortably held in the hand of an operator. The operator can point the remote control device and press the buttons on the remote control device at the same time.

[0007] Attaching a wireless locator device to the top or bottom of the remote control device disrupts these ergonomic characteristics, including disrupting any balancing aspects of the remote, the way the remote may rest on a coffee table or on top of a television, and the way that the remote is normally operated. For example, it may not be possible for the operator to hold the remote and press the buttons at the same time with the same hand, since the wireless device may obstruct certain movements of the fingers on the top of a remote control key pad. Integrating wireless functionality inside a device at the factory burdens all manufactured devices with the cost of the additional functionality, which may only be used by a fraction of the purchasers.

[0008] It is often either cumbersome or impossible to add the desired functionality to an existing device, particularly if no external data interface is provided. For example, it would be advantageous to be able to convert a typical Infra-Red (IR) television (TV) remote control to use Radio Frequency (RF) signals in order to remove the need for line-of-sight between the remote control and the TV. Various accessories have been marketed implementing this function, but they have not been particularly successful because of the difficulty of attaching a universal external IR receiver to the multiplicity of different remote control form factors.

[0009] In addition, most batteries have certain disadvantages. It is not generally possible for a user to determine battery life. It is also not possible to turn a battery off other than by removing the battery from the device it is powering.

[0010] An Electronic Containment (EC) battery includes a battery section and an electronic section that together form a standard battery form factor that allows insertion into conventional electronic devices. The electronic section can include Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry that enables electronic operations in the electronic containment battery to be communicated or controlled wirelessly.

[0023] An Electronic Containment (EC) battery has a standard battery form factor and contains both a battery section holding a Direct Current (DC) battery and a separate electronic section for providing electronic functionality such as a wireless capability. The EC battery allows electronic features, such as wireless operations, to be added to existing battery operated devices without impacting the physical form factor of the device.

[0024] Batteries come in many form factors, but the majority of batteries use standard form factors, such as AAA, AA, 9V, C, D cells and watch batteries. A variety of battery technologies, including both one-time use and rechargeable, are available for each of these common battery form factors. The power density of these various battery technologies varies. It is generally possible to provide adequate power density in a smaller form factor than a particular battery-powered device needs, simply by using a marginally more expensive battery technology.

[0025] For example, many TV remote controls use AAA or AA battery cells and achieve months or years of life even when using the lowest power density and lowest cost batteries. It is therefore possible to use less space in a standard battery form factor by using a higher quality battery technology. For example, the EC battery can use a smaller alkaline, Nickel Cadmium (NiCad), or Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) battery technology to provide the same power storage capability as a standard battery in a smaller space. The additional space made available in the standard battery form factor is then used for providing additional electronic or other wireless functions.

[0026] Some of the many possible physical partitions of power storage and electronics within a standard battery form factor are shown in FIGS. 1-7. Other configurations or partitions are also possible for any other conventional battery form factor. FIGS. 1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the Electronic Containment (EC) battery 12 that includes a battery section 14 and an electronic section 16 and maintains a standard AAA, AA, C or D battery form factor.

[0027] In one exemplary embodiment, the battery section 14 may comprise an alkaline, NiCad, or NiMH battery technology or other battery technology that uses less space than cheaper battery materials. The electronic section 16, in one example, contains Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry 18 and an antenna 20. Both the electronic section 16 section and the battery section 14 may be coupled to a positive terminal 22 and a negative terminal 23 of the EC battery 12. Additional current and/or voltage sensing circuitry 26 may also be contained in the electronic section 16.

[0028] In one embodiment, all the electronics in the electronic section 16 are implemented in a single Integrated Circuit (IC) or a small circuit board. The battery section 14 and the electronic section 16 each comprise a semi-cylindrical longitudinal half of the EC battery 12. A wall 30 separates the electronic section 16 from the battery section 14. Both the battery section 14 and the electronic section 16 may be formed out of the same metal, paper, etc. that normally forms the outside container of a conventional battery. In another embodiment, the battery section 14 and the electronic section 16 are formed out of plastic or any other semi-rigid or rigid material.

[0029] The outside container for the EC battery 12 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 may be a single continuous piece of material that permanently holds the battery section 14 and the electronic unit 16 together. In this arrangement, the battery material in battery section 14 may be rechargeable. The electronics in the electronic section 16 may then include circuitry that prevents damage when the battery section 14 is being recharged.

[0030] FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the EC battery 12 that provides a detachable battery section 14 and electronic section 16. This configuration allows either disposable or rechargeable battery materials to be used in battery section 14. Replacement battery sections 14 could then could be interchanged with the electronic section 16. The battery section 14 is formed into a separate container with a substantially half semi-cylinder shape. The electronic section 16 similarly is a separate container having a substantially half semi-cylinder shape. The two sections 14 and 16 can be formed out of any material typically used to contain a battery or alternatively could be made out of other material such as plastic.

[0031] In one example, the battery section 14 includes two receptor slots 34 that receive mating connectors 32. In one embodiment, the connectors 32 and receptor slots 34 are formed of conductive material. The connectors 32 are coupled to the electronic circuitry in the electronic section 16 and the receptor slots 34 are coupled to the positive terminal 22 and negative terminal 23 of the battery section 14. Inserting the connectors 32 into the receptor slots 34 couple the electronics 18, 20 and 26 (FIG. 2) to the positive terminal 22 and the negative terminal 23.

[0032] In another embodiment, the connectors 32 and the receptor slots 34 only provide mechanical attachment of the battery section 14 with the electronic section 16. In this embodiment, contacts 36 on opposite ends of the electronic section 16 provide electrical coupling with the positive terminal 22 and negative terminal 23 of the battery section 14 when the two sections 14 and 16 are fully attached together. Other mechanical and electrical coupling techniques are also possible.

[0033] FIG. 4 shows another embodiment where the battery section 14 and the electronic section 16 take up different portions of the EC battery 12. In this example, the battery section 14, similar to the battery section 14 shown in FIGS. 1-3, may comprise a NiMH or other type of battery technology that uses less space than a conventional battery form factor. The extra space in the EC battery 12 is used by the electronic section 16 to hold RF circuitry 18, antenna 20 and current and/or voltage sensing circuitry 26. Both the electronic section 16 and the battery section 14 may be coupled to both the positive terminal 22 and the negative terminal 23 of the EC battery 12.

[0034] In one mechanical embodiment the battery section 14 and the electronic section 16 are formed into a unitary single package with a conventional battery form factor. In another embodiment, the battery section 14 and electronic section 16 are contained in separate container pieces 28A and 28B that are both electrically and mechanically connected together possibly using connectors 38 and associated contact slots 40 similar to the connectors 32 and contact slots 34 previously shown in FIG. 3. In this embodiment, the two separate container pieces 28A and 28B have circular shapes that connect along substantially a vertical center axis of the EC battery 12 as opposed to being semi-circular shapes that connect along a horizontal center axis of EC battery 12 as shown in FIG. 3.

[0035] FIGS. 5 and 6 show another example of an EC battery 12 having the form factor of a standard battery but mechanically arranged to accept a battery 48 having a smaller standard battery form factor. The EC battery 12 includes an electronic section 16 that holds the RF circuitry 18, antenna 20 or any other circuitry or electronic function that may be desired to be implemented. The electronic section 16 includes a slot 46 that slidingly receives a conventional battery 48. When the battery 48 is inserted into the slot 46, the form factor of the EC battery 12 is the same as a standard battery. For example, the EC battery 12 may have the form factor of a standard AA, C, or D battery. The slot 48 however is configured to receive a AAA, AA or watch battery 48 or any other type of convention battery that is small enough to fit inside the standard battery form factor of the EC battery 12. Other battery form factors could also be used, including camera flash batteries with a 9 Volt (V) form factor or other battery form factors not specifically listed above.

[0036] FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the EC battery 12 that has the form factor of a conventional watch battery. The battery section 14 contains a battery material conventionally used for watch batteries such as a micro alkaline or silver oxide material. The electronic section 16 contains any of the electronics described above in FIGS. 1-6 or may contain other electronics not mentioned.

[0037] Battery Level Indicator

[0038] FIG. 8 shows the EC battery 12 inserted into slot 52 of a battery powered device 50. The battery powered device 50 can be any electrical device that receives a conventional battery having a standard battery form factor. Some examples of battery powered devices include, key faubs, television and stereo remote controls, garage door remote controls, smoke alarms, cellular telephones, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) or any other type of battery powered device.

[0039] The EC battery 12 may include the current and/or voltage sensing circuitry 26 previously described in FIG. 4. The sensing circuitry 26 monitors the voltage or current level of the battery material in battery section 14. In one example, the EC battery 12 uses the RF circuitry 18 to then send wireless signals 58 to a base station 60 communicating the voltage or current level data monitored by the sensing circuitry 26. The sensing circuitry 26 can either continuously provide real time battery status information 58 to the base station 60 or may only send the battery status information 58 when a low charge threshold is crossed by the battery material in battery section 14.

[0040] Responsive to the battery status information 58, the base station 60 either annunciates a low battery warning through an annunciator 62, such as a speaker, or may display the battery level information on a display 68. In another embodiment, the base station 60 identifies the particular EC battery 12 that sends the battery status information 58. For example, the RF circuitry 18 in the EC battery 12 may send a serial number or other identifier in the wireless signals 58 that is used by the base station 60 to identify the specific EC battery 12 on display 68.

[0041] The current or voltage sensing circuitry 26 could also infer information about the operation of the battery powered device 50 based on the measured current or voltage of the battery section 14. For example, the sensing circuitry 26 could send a wireless signal 58 to base station 60 indicating that the battery section 14 is drawing substantially no voltage or current. The base station 60 may infer from the low power draw that the battery powered device 50 is either off or in a standby mode. If the sensing circuitry 26 indicates a voltage or current draw above some minimal amount, the base station 60 may infer that the device 50 is in an operational mode. Pursuant to receiving signal 58, the base station 60 would then indicate on display 68 that the device 50 is currently on. This would allow a user to look at the display 68 on base station 60 to determine if any electronic devices, such as battery powered device 50, should be turned off.

[0042] Smoke Alarm

[0043] Referring still to FIG. 8, another embodiment of the EC battery is used for enhancing smoke alarm functionality. In this application, the battery powered device 50 is a smoke alarm that contains the EC battery 12. In this example, the EC battery 12 may have a 9 volt battery form factor. There may be multiple smoke alarms 50 that each includes an EC battery 12. The EC batteries 12 communicate with the base station 60 which typically would be located in the kitchen within easy reach of a stove. The base station 60 provides an indication of battery life as described above. This allows the battery section 14 to be replaced or recharged before the irritating low battery indication signal begins to sound on the smoke alarm.

[0044] The EC battery 12 could also include an electronic on/off switch (see switch 90 in FIG. 10) with a failsafe state of on. If the smoke alarm 50 were activated in a non-emergency situation, such as while cooking, one of buttons 66 on the base station 60 can be pressed to temporarily disconnect the battery section 14 from the smoke alarm 50. This would turn off the smoke detector alarm for a brief period. The battery section 14 would then be automatically reconnected to the smoke alarm.

[0045] The base station 60 could also connect to a security system 74, to add central station fire alarm capability without having to install new fire sensors and wiring. In this embodiment, the sensing circuitry 26 may detect when the smoke alarm 50 is activated by detecting a particular level of current drain from battery section 14. The RF circuitry 18 accordingly sends an alarm signal 58 to the base station 60 indicating the smoke alarm 50 has been activated. The base station 60 then sends an alarm signal to the central security alarm 74.

[0046] Device Locator

[0047] Referring still to FIG. 8, the EC battery 12 can also be used as a device locator. The EC battery 12 both powers the device 50 and also serves to locate the battery powered device 50. The EC battery 12 may include an annunciation device 55, such as a speaker. The base station 60 includes one or more find buttons 66 that cause the base station 60 to send a wireless signal 58 to the RF circuitry 18 in the EC battery 12. Upon receiving the wireless signal 58, the annunciation device 55 in the electronic section 16 is activated. A user can then listen to the annunciation signal 53 output from the EC battery 12 to locate device 50. The annunciation device 55 may use the cavity of the electronic section 16 (see FIGS. 1-7) for increasing the resonance of the annunciation signal 53.

[0048] The base station 60 can include multiple buttons 66, each communicating with one of multiple different wireless EC batteries 12. The base station 60 can also include a battery charger 64 for recharging the battery sections 14 that include rechargeable battery materials.

[0049] Proximity Monitor

[0050] Referring still to FIG. 8, another application for the EC battery 12 is for use as an anti-theft or child security device. In the anti-theft application, the base station 60 may be connected to a burglar alarm 74 or other security system. The EC battery 12 and the base station 60 periodically exchange wireless signals 58. The alarm 74 is activated when the base station 60 does not receive the wireless signal 58 from the EC battery 12 for some period of time. This indicates that the device 50 has been taken beyond some threshold communication distance from the remote station 60. For example, when some is trying to steal the device 50.

[0051] In another application, the EC battery 12 is used in a device 50, such as a pager type device with a clip, that can be attached to a child or located in a child stroller. In this application, the failure of the base station 60 to periodically receive the signal 58 from the device 50 indicates that the child carrying the device 50 has strayed beyond some preconfigured distance from the base station 60. As shown in FIG. 9, the base station 60 may be a portable device that can be carried by the child's parent.

[0052] To avoid detection, someone may try to remove the EC battery 12 from the battery powered device 50. The sensing circuitry 26 could sense a quiescent current drawn from the device 50, even when the device 50 is turned off. If the EC battery 12 is removed from the device 50, the sensing circuitry 26 detects no quiescent current draw. This causes the sensing circuitry 26 to send a wireless signal 58 to the base station 60 that causes the base station 60 to activate the alarm 74 or annunciator 62.

[0053] FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of the EC battery 12 used as a proximity monitor. The base station 60 in this example may be worn on a person 82 or carried in another clothing article commonly worn or carried by person 82. The EC battery 12 powers a battery powered device 50 that the user 82 does not wish to be separated from. For example, the battery powered device 50 in this example may be a car key faub, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), etc. In another example, the device 50 does not even need to be inserted into a battery powered device, but may simply be placed in the article, such as a wallet or purse, that the person 82 does not wish to forget.

[0054] The base station 60 and the EC battery 12 periodically (for example every minute) exchange brief wireless signals 58, confirming that they are within some predefined range. If the base station 60 and the EC battery 12 became separated beyond some threshold distance or were unable to successfully exchange the wireless signals 58, the annunciator 62 in the base station 60 or the annunciator 55 in the EC battery 12, or both, are activated. Thus, the EC battery 12 prevents someone from leaving behind the battery powered device 50, such as the PDA or key faub.

[0055] FIG. 10 shows one example of circuitry in the EC battery 12 and in the base station 60 used for providing the battery charge sensing, device locating, or proximity monitoring functions described above. For battery level detection the sensing circuitry 26 in the EC battery 12 may include a resistor or any other electrical components used for monitoring a voltage or current level for the battery section 14. A Micro-Controller Unit (MCU) 92 may periodically activate a switch 91 that enables a measurement of the voltage or current for the battery in battery section 14. If the voltage or current measurement from sensing circuitry 26 drops below some threshold value, the MCU 92 activates an RF transmitter in the RF circuitry 18 that transmits a signal 58 to the base station 60.

[0056] A MCU 96 in the base station 60 receives signal 58 and generates a signal to an interface device, such as the annunciator 62 or the display 68 (FIGS. 8 and 9). In an alternative embodiment, the MCU 96 in the base station 60 transmits a signal 58 to the EC battery 12 that causes the MCU 92 to take a measurement for battery section 14. The MCU 92 reports the measurement value over wireless signal 58 back to the base station 60. The battery charge query signal 58 transmitted by the base station 60 may be initiated automatically by the MCU 96 or may be initiated manually by a user pressing one of buttons 66 (FIG. 8).

[0057] For the device locator application, the EC battery 12 includes the annunciation device 55 that is activated when one of the buttons 66 (FIG. 8) in the base station signal 60 is pressed. In this application, the MCU 96 or some other type of signal generator in the base station 60 generates one or more signals 58 that are output from an RF transmitter in base station RF circuitry 94. The RF circuitry 18 in the EC battery 12 includes an RF receiver that receives the signals 58 via antenna 20. The MCU 92, or some other type control circuitry, activates the annunciator 55 whenever the wireless signal 58 is detected from the base station 60.

[0058] In another embodiment where the EC battery 12 is used as a device locator or as a proximity monitor, the RF circuitry 18 in the EC battery 12 may include RF transceiver circuitry that bounces back signal 58 sent from the base station 60 back to the base station 60. This allows the MCU 96 in the base station 60 to measure a propagation delay for the signal 58 sent to and then received back from the EC battery 12.

[0059] For example, the MCU 96 may include a counter function that counts the number of pulses 98 in signal 58 that are received over some period of time. The number of counted pulses is proportional to the propagation delay of the signal 58. Alternatively, the MCU 96 may count the amount of time required for each pulse 98 in signal 58 to be sent and then received back from the EC battery 12. The base station 60 determines the distance of the device 50 from the base station 60 according to measured propagation delay. Calculating a propagation delay of a wireless signal is known to those skilled in the art and is therefore not described in further detail.

[0060] The calculated distance between the base station 60 and the device 50 is then used for any of the device locator or proximity detection applications described above. For example, for the device locator application, the distance of the device 50 from base station 60 can be output in text form from the display 68 (FIG. 8) on the basic station 60 or a tone can be generated from annunciator 62 on the basic station 60 that varies according to the distance of device 50 (FIG. 8) from the base station 60.

[0061] For example, a high pitched tone could be generated when the device 50 is relatively close to the base station 60. A lower pitched tone could be generated by the base station 60 when the device 50 is a farther distance away. This could eliminate having to provide the annunciation device 55 in the EC battery 12. It is also possible to use multiple base stations 60 that triangulate signals received back from the same EC battery 12 so that a precise x-y position of the device 50 from the base station 60 could be displayed.

[0062] In the proximity monitoring application described above, the EC battery 12 is used for preventing someone from leaving the device 50 or for preventing someone from stealing the device 50. As also described above, proximity monitoring can be used to notify a parent when a child has wondered too far away from the base station 60. In these applications, the MCU 96 calculates the distance of the device 50 from the base station 60 according to the measured propagation delay of signal 58 as described above. The MCU 96 in the base station 60 compares the calculated distance to some threshold value that may be programmed into the MCU 96. If the calculated distance is greater than the threshold value, or if the wireless signal 58 is simply not returned to the base station 60, the MCU 96 activates annunciator 62 and/or the security system 74 (FIGS. 8 and 9)

[0063] On/Off Switch

[0064] Referring to FIGS. 8 and 10, switch 90 is used for the smoke alarm application described above. The switch 90 can be in a normally closed position. A user may press one of the buttons 66 (FIG. 8) on the base station 60 to disable one or more smoke alarms 50 powered by one or more of the EC batteries 12. For example, the smoke alarm 50 may activate while a user is cooking. The user presses button 66 to send signal 58 to the EC battery 12 in the smoke alarm 50. The MCU 92 in the EC battery 12 detects the signal 58 and accordingly opens switch 90 (FIG. 10) for some predetermined period of time. This temporarily disables the alarm in the smoke detector 50. After the predetermined period has passed, the MCU 92 closes switch 90 reconnecting the battery section 14 to the smoke alarm 50.

[0065] In another embodiment, the circuitry in the EC battery 12 disables the battery section 14 from powering the device 50 unless the device 50 is within some predetermined range of the base station 60. The base station 60 may periodically send the signal 58 to the EC battery 12. If the RF circuitry 18 does not receive the signal 58 from the base station 60 for some period of time, or if the propagation delay of signal 58 is greater than some threshold, the MCU 92 opens switch 90 disconnecting the battery section 14 from the battery powered device 50.

[0066] The on/off switch 90 in FIG. 10 can also be used to improve battery life. Many battery-powered devices 50 continue to drain current from attached batteries even when not in use. This continuous quiescent current drain can exhaust all the power from batteries that are left in devices 50 for an extended period. One example is wireless Human Interface Devices (HID) devices, such a keyboard, mouse, gamepad, etc, which typically draw significant current even when not being used.

[0067] In one implementation, the sensing circuitry 26 monitors the current drain from battery section 14 and sends a wireless signal 58 reporting the current drain to the base station 60. The base station 60 monitors the current drain signal 58 and detects when the device 50 is off or in a standby mode. For example; when the current drain is below some low threshold value. The base station 60 sends a message to the EC battery 12 turning off switch 90 effectively disconnecting the device 50 from battery section 14. This causes device 50 to only draw power from battery section 14 when the device 50 is in operation.

[0068] The MCU 92 in EC battery 12 can alternatively be programmed to perform any of the monitoring functions performed by the base station 60. The base station 60 can generate unique signals for different EC batteries 12. The circuitry in the EC batteries 12 would then only respond to their associated wireless signals 58. Any unique signaling technique can be used for differentiating signals sent to different EC batteries 12. For example, a serial number may be associated with each EC battery and a wireless signal 58 may include an identifier associated with the EC battery serial number. Alternatively, the RF circuitry 18 in each EC battery 12 may be associated with different frequency hopping schemes or different encoding schemes.

[0069] Infra-Red-Radio Frequency Converter

[0070] Current IR remote control devices operate on line of site. In other words, the remote control signals do not work if the IR signals from the remote control device do not point substantially at the IR receiver in the television or stereo. If the portion of the TV or stereo equipment containing the IR receiver is located in a cabinet, the IR signals may not be able to pass through the glass or other furniture containing the IR receiver.

[0071] Referring back to FIG. 8, the EC battery 12 in another embodiment operates as an Infra-Red (IR) to Radio Frequency (RF) remote control converter. In this embodiment, the battery powered device 50 is an IR-based remote control device, such as a television or stereo remote control. The current-sensing ability of the sensing circuitry 26 is used to monitor the power drawn by the IR-based remote control device 50 from the battery section 14.

[0072] The sensing circuitry 26 infers from the current draw from the battery section 14 when an IR Light Emitting Diode (LED) 56 in the remote control device 50 is on and when it was off. The sensing circuitry 26 then converts the IR data into RF signals 58 that are transmitted to the base station 60. The base station 60 receives the RF signals 56 and retransmits the data as an IR signal 73 to a TV, stereo 78, etc. using an IR LED 70. Because the RF signals 58 can be received from the EC battery 12 without having to be within line-of-site, the base station 60 can successfully receive the RF signals 58 and forward the equivalent data as IR signals 73 to the TV or stereo IR receiver 76.

[0073] The base station 60 is well positioned in some location where the IR signal 73 can be successfully received by the IR receiver 76 in the TV or stereo 78. For example, the base station 60 may be located in the same stereo cabinet containing the TV or stereo 78. In an alternative embodiment, the base station 60 is connected through a cable 75 directly to the TV or stereo 78. Electrical signals are then sent over the cable 75 that contain the remote control data received over the RF signals 58.

[0074] FIG. 11 shows the circuitry in the EC battery 12 that provides the RF remote control converter function for an IR remote device 50. The IR remote control circuitry in the remote control device 50 includes a MCU 100. The MCU 100 generates different pulse signals 102 responsive to an operator pressing buttons 104 on the remote control device 50. The pulse signals 102 are conventionally used to activate the IR LED 56 that transmits an IR signal 106 to the IR receiver 76 in the TV, stereo or other IR controlled device 78 (FIG. 8).

[0075] The sensing circuitry 26 in the EC battery 12 monitors the current drain from the battery section 14 that rises and falls in proportion to the on and off condition generated by IR signal 102. In other words, when the pulses in signal 102 are high (on condition), the LED 56 is activated drawing current from battery section 14. In between pulses, the signal 102 is low and the LED 56 is off drawing little or no current from battery section 14.

[0076] The current signals 108 are proportional to the current drain and are sensed by the sensing circuitry 26. The sensing circuitry 26 converts the current signal 108 into a corresponding voltage signal 110 that is fed into a mixer 112. The sensing circuitry 26 also generates a current detection signal 114 that activates an on/off switch 116 whenever the current signal 108 indicates an on condition. The on/off switch 116 activates a frequency generator 118 generating a frequency signal that is mixed with the voltage signal 110 to produce the RF signal 58 that corresponds to the IR signal 102. The RF signal 58 is transmitted via antenna 20 to the base station 60.

[0077] An RF receiver 120 in the base station 60 receives the RF signal 58 via antenna 72. The RF receiver 120 outputs the RF signals to an amplifier 122 and also generates an RF detection signal 124 then turns the amplifier 122 on and off according to any detected RF signals 58. The amplifier 122 generates an output signal 126 that corresponds to the IR signal 102 generated by the MCU 100 in the IR remote control device 50. The signal 126 activates the IR LED 70 in the base station 60. The IR LED 70 is located next to the IR receiver 76 (FIG. 8) in the TV or stereo 78. Thus, the RF signal 58 is alternatively used for controlling an IR operated device. In one alternative embodiment, an output 128 from the amplifier 122 connects to the cable 75 that couples directly to an input of the TV or stereo 78.

[0078] FIG. 12 shows an alternative embodiment of the sensing circuitry 26 in the EC battery 12. An operational amplifier (op-amp) 130 monitors the current drain 108 of the battery section 14. The op-amp 130 generates a voltage signal 132 that corresponds to the current drain signal 108. When the current drain signal 108 is low, the output of op-amp 130 is off. When the current drain signal 108 is high, the output of op-amp 130 is on. The output signal 132 drives a signal generator 134 that generates the RF signal 58 that is transmitted via the antenna 20 to the base station 60.

[0079] It should be understood that any combination of the applications above can be included in the electronics provided in the EC battery 12. For example, the device locator function can be combined with the IR-RF function used in an IR remote control device. The base station 60 can also program the MCU 92 (FIG. 10) in any EC battery 12 to provide any one or more of the different operations described above. The EC battery 12 is inserted into the slot 64 shown in FIG. 8. A user would then press one of buttons 66 on the base station 60 that causes the MCU 92 to be programmed to perform one or more of the operations described above. The MCU 92 could alternatively be programmed through RF signals 58 or through a separate physical connection in the base station 60.

[0080] The EC battery 12 can also be designed to minimize power consumption from the battery section 14. For example, some applications may require the RF circuitry 18 to continuously send signals 58 to the base station 60 or may require the RF circuitry 18 to continuously monitor signals 58 sent from the base station 60. The MCU 92 (FIG. 10) can be programmed to only periodically turn on the RF circuitry 18. This may require a user to press a locator button 66 on the base station 60 for a longer period of time or it may require the base station 60 to send out a propagation delay detection signal for a longer period of time. However, this has the benefit of substantially reducing the amount of operating power consumed by the electronics in the EC battery 12.

[0081] The EC battery 12 enables RF functionality to be inserted into a standard battery slot for battery-powered devices without impacting the device form factor. The RF features can be optionally added to existing electronic products without requiring redesign or burdening the base cost of the product. The EC battery 12 can detect current flow into the battery powered device 50 and in some circumstances allows accessories to infer data about device operation. Battery life can be remotely monitored and the battery can be turned on and off remotely.

[0082] It should be appreciated that reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, it is emphasized and should be appreciated that two or more references to “an embodiment” or “one embodiment” or “an alternative embodiment” in various portions of this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined as suitable in one or more embodiments of the invention.

[0083] Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. This method of disclosure, however, is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed invention requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into this detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this invention.