US 8,018,068 B1Grant
Semiconductor package including a top-surface metal layer for implementing circuit features
Issue Date:2011-09-13
•10 Claims
•5 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A semiconductor package including a top-surface metal layer for implementing circuit features provides improvements in top-surface interconnect density, more flexible routing and mounting of top surface semiconductor packages, dies and passive components or a conformal shield cap implementation. The metal layer interconnected with an internal substrate of the semiconductor package by blind vias laser-ablated through the encapsulation and filled with metal. The vias extend from the top surface to an internal package substrate or through the encapsulation to form bottom-side terminals. The metal layer may be formed by circuit patterns and/or terminals embedded within the encapsulation conformal to the top surface by laser-ablating channels in the top surface of the encapsulation and filling the channels with metal. A conformal coating may be applied to the top surface of the semiconductor package over the metal layer to prevent solder bridging to circuit patterns of the metal layer.
Metadata
Assignee
- Amkor Technology, Inc.
Inventors
- Christopher Marc Scanlan
- Ronald Patrick Huemoeller
Application Information
Application Number:US 12/589,839
Filing Date:2009-10-28
Priority Date:2004-03-23
Art Unit:2891
Classifications
IPC:
H01L23/52H01L23/48H01L29/40H01L23/28H01L23/495
Patent Drawings (5 sheets)
Description
Cross-Reference to Related Applications
[0001] The present application is a continuation of Scanlan et al., U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/293,999 filed on Dec. 5, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,633,765, issued Dec. 15, 2009, which is a continuation-in-part of Hiner et al., U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/806,640 filed on Mar. 23, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,185,426 issued Mar. 6, 2007. The specifications of the above-referenced U.S. Patent Applications are incorporated herein by reference.
Field of the Invention
[0002] The present invention relates generally to semiconductor packaging, and more specifically, to a semiconductor package having blind vias for interconnecting a metal layer atop the semiconductor package to internal circuits of the semiconductor package.
Background of the Invention
[0003] Semiconductor packages that provide mechanical mounting and electrical interconnection of a semiconductor die are commonly provided in ball grid array and land grid array configurations. A semiconductor die is electrically connected to a substrate with grid array terminals disposed on the “bottom” side of the semiconductor package and solder balls are attached for connection to a system substrate, typically a printed circuit board (PCB) having lands located to attach the solder balls of the semiconductor package (referred to as ball grid array or BGA attach). Alternatively, conductive paste, a socket or “interposer” may be used to provide contacts between lands of the semiconductor package and lands on the system substrate (referred to as land grid array or LGA connection).
[0004] The above-incorporated Parent U.S. Patent Application discloses a top-surface mounting terminal structure for attaching a second semiconductor package or die to the top of a first semiconductor package. While the packaging density of the combined devices is increased, the location of the terminals is dictated by the design of the die or semiconductor package mounted on the first semiconductor package, which typically increases the interconnect density of the substrate in the first semiconductor package.
[0005] Also, it is often desirable to provide a metal shield cap atop a semiconductor package. Such shields are usually connected to a ground terminal or other reference voltage level by a through via extending through the semiconductor package to one or more terminals.
[0006] Therefore, it would be desirable improve upon the techniques of the above-incorporated parent U.S. Patent Application to provide a semiconductor package and a method of manufacturing such a semiconductor package that facilitates stacking of grid arrays and other components while reducing interconnect densities in the semiconductor package and increases flexibility of design. It would further be desirable to improve the techniques of the above-incorporated parent U.S. Patent Application to provide a semiconductor package and method of manufacture that provides a metal shield cap without requiring additional through vias.
Summary of the Invention
[0007] The above objectives are accomplished in a semiconductor package having one or more metal patterns conformal to the top surface of an encapsulation of the semiconductor package. The one or more metal patterns are electrically connected to an interconnect substrate within the semiconductor package or terminals on the bottom of the semiconductor package by blind vias laser-ablated through to the substrate or through the circuit package and subsequently filled with metal.
[0008] The top-surface metal circuit patterns may include via capture lands, interconnect patterns, terminals for connection of semiconductor package or dies and/or passive components or may implement a single contiguous shield cap. The blind vias may be filled with conductive paste or a low melting-temperature alloy or plated. The vias may have a conical profile to improved plating uniformity. The vias may terminate on the internal substrate circuit pattern, or may pass through the encapsulation and the substrate to provide lands for bottom-side terminals. A conformal coating (solder mask) may be applied to the top surface of the semiconductor package exclusive of terminal areas of the one or more metal patterns to prevent solder flow to circuit patterns implemented by the one or more metal patterns.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0009] FIGS. 1A-1H are pictorial diagrams depicting stages in preparation of a semiconductor package in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
[0010] FIGS. 2A-2C are pictorial diagrams depicting further stages in assembly of a semiconductor package in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2D is a pictorial diagram depicting a semiconductor package in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;
[0011] FIG. 3A is a pictorial diagram depicting a semiconductor package in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention; and
[0012] FIGS. 3B-3C are pictorial diagrams depicting stages in fabrication of a semiconductor package in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention.
[0013] The invention, as well as a preferred mode of use and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals indicate like parts throughout.
Detailed Description
[0014] The present invention concerns a semiconductor package and a method for manufacturing a semiconductor package that include a metal layer formed atop a semiconductor package encapsulation and connected to an internal substrate of the semiconductor package by blind vias and/or terminals on the bottom side of the encapsulation by through vias.
[0015] While the exemplary embodiments depict ball grid array packages, it will be understood by those skilled in the art, that the techniques of the present invention can be extended to other types of semiconductor packages. The exemplary embodiments also show wirebond die connections within the semiconductor package, but it will be understood that any type of internal die and die mounting can be used within the semiconductor package embodiments of the present invention.
[0016] Referring now to FIG. 1A , a semiconductor package 10A for forming a semiconductor package in accordance with an embodiment of the invention and corresponding to a first illustrated step of manufacture is depicted. Semiconductor package 10A is in the form of a ball grid array (BGA) or land grid array (LGA) package as is commonly known in the art, except that particular circuit features are positioned for providing vias to the top side of semiconductor package 10A in subsequent manufacturing steps, so that connections may be made to features to be formed in subsequent steps.
[0017] Semiconductor package 10A includes a die 16 mounted to a substrate 14A that includes lands 18 to which solder ball terminals may be attached or that may be connected with a conductive paste to form a LGA mounted semiconductor package. Encapsulation 12A surrounds die 16 and substrate 14A, although substrate 14A may alternatively be exposed on a bottom side of semiconductor package 10A. Electrical connections 15 of die 16 are connected to circuit patterns 17 on substrate 14A via wires 19, but the type of die mounting is not limiting, but exemplary and other die mounting types may be used such as flip-chip die mounting. Additionally, while substrate 14A is depicted as a film or laminate-type mounting structure, lead frame and other substrate technologies may be used within the structures of the present invention.
[0018] Referring now to FIG. 1B , a first modification to semiconductor package 10A that illustrates a second step in the manufacturing process to form semiconductor package 10B is shown. Semiconductor package 10B includes a plurality of via holes 20A, 20B and 20C laser-ablated through encapsulation 12A of FIG. 1A to form encapsulation 12B. While only three via holes are shown, many via holes may be provided. The three via holes shown and as disclosed in the above-incorporated parent U.S. Patent Application illustrate the three different types of via holes that may be provided through control of laser energy and exposure time. The first via hole type, illustrated as via 20A, is fabricated by laser-ablating either completely through semiconductor package 10B or by laser-ablating through encapsulation 12A to the top side of lands 18, so that a connection is provided through from the top side of semiconductor package 10B to the bottom side of semiconductor package 10B when the via is filled. If via 20A is ablated completely through, then the corresponding land 18 is provided by the bottom surface of a via formed in hole 20A.
[0019] The next type of via hole is provided by laser-ablating through encapsulation 12A to reach circuit pattern 17 so that connection may be made through substrate 14A circuit patterns to die 16 electrical terminals, to lands 18 or both. The last type of via is provided by laser-ablating through encapsulation 12A to reach electrical connections 15 of die 16 so that direct connection to the circuits of die 16 can be made from a piggybacked semiconductor package. Each of via holes 20A, 20B and 20C is depicted as a via hole having a conical cross-section, which is desirable for providing uniform plating current density during a plating process. However, via holes 20A, 20B and 20C may alternatively be made cylindrical in shape if the advantage of conical cross-section is not needed, for example if a conductive paste is used to fill the via holes.
[0020] Referring now to FIG. 1C , a semiconductor package step 10C is illustrated. Conductive material applied within via holes 20A, 20B and 20C to form conductive vias 22A, 22B and 22C through encapsulation 12C and optionally substrate 14C for vias that are formed completely through substrate 14C. The conductive material used form vias 22A, 22B and 22C may be electroplated or electro-less plated metal, conductive paste such as copper or silver epoxy compounds, or a low melting temperature high-wicking solder alloy such as SUPER SOLDER.
[0021] Referring now to FIG. 1D , a next step of preparation of a semiconductor package 10D is illustrated. Channels 24 are laser-ablated in the top surface of encapsulation 12C to form encapsulation 12D. Channels 24 may define circuit traces, terminals and other features that either provide complete interconnection at the top surface of encapsulation 12D or connect top-side features such as circuit traces and terminals to one or more of vias 22A, 22B and 22C.
[0022] Next, as shown in FIG. 1E , channels 24 are filled to provide a metal layer 26 in a semiconductor package step 10E. Channels 24 may be filled by electroplating, filling with conductive paste with planarization if required, or electro-less plating after treating channels 24 with an activating compound. Further, the top surface of encapsulation 12D may be overplated or over-pasted and then etched to isolate the circuit features of metal layer 26.
[0023] After formation of metal layer 26, plating 28 may be applied as shown in FIG. 1F , yielding semiconductor package step 10F to protect the surface of metal layer and/or to prepare terminal areas defined by the top surface of metal layer 26 for further processing such as wire bond attach or soldering.
[0024] Then, as shown in FIG. 1G , a solder mask 30 may be applied over the top of encapsulation 12D and portions of the metal layer 26, yielding semiconductor package step 10G. Solder mask 30 is useful in operations where reflow solder operations will be used to attach components to metal layer 26.
[0025] Solder balls 34 may be attached to bottom-side terminals 18 of semiconductor package step 10G to yield a completed ball-grid-array (BGA) package 10H that is ready for mounting on a circuit board or other mounting location. Alternatively, as with all depicted final semiconductor packages described herein below, the step illustrated in FIG. 1H may be omitted and bottom side terminals 18 plated, yielding a land-grid-array (LGA) package.
[0026] A “tinning” coat of solder 32 may be applied to the top side of semiconductor package 10H as illustrated by FIG. 2A to prepare for mounting of top side components. The solder may be selectively applied to only solder mounting terminal areas via a mask.
[0027] Next, components are mounted on the top side of semiconductor package 10H and attached to metal layer 26 as illustrated in FIG. 2B . It will be apparent that the steps of attaching solder balls depicted in FIG. 1H can be performed after this step and that in general, various steps in formation of structures above encapsulation 12D may be performed at different times. FIG. 2B illustrates mounting of another semiconductor die 16A that is wire-bonded via wires 19A to plated terminals of metal layer 26 and also mounting of discrete surface-mount components 36 via reflow soldering.
[0028] After attachment and interconnection of die 16A, a second encapsulation 12E may be applied over die 16A, wires 19A and part of the top surface of encapsulation 12D to form a completed assembly as illustrated in FIG. 2C .
[0029] Another alternative embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2D . In FIG. 2D , another semiconductor package 38 may be ball-mounted to terminals formed on metal layer 26. The depicted embodiment provides for redistribution of terminals at virtually any position atop semiconductor package 10H2, since metal layer 26 can provide routing of circuits from vias such as 22A-C to solder balls 34A at virtually any position atop semiconductor package 10H2.
[0030] FIG. 3A illustrates another embodiment of the present invention that includes a metal layer 40 that provides a shield cap for semiconductor package 10I. Metal layer 40 may be electro-less plated atop encapsulation 12C (See FIGS. 1A-1C for formation steps prior to FIG. 3A ) by applying a seed layer or may be paste screened to form metal layer 40. Metal layer may be solid layer, or a continuous pattern such as a mesh screen to reduce separation and required metal to improve the plating process. Metal layer 40 is electrically connected to vias 22A and/or 22B to provide a return path for the shield.
[0031] FIG. 3B illustrates another shield embodiment of the present invention. A shield cavity is laser-ablated in the top surface of encapsulation 12E to form a semiconductor package step 10J having a cavity 24A. Cavity 24A is then filled to form a metal shield layer 40A as shown in FIG. 3C . Metal layer 40A may be applied by paste screening or plating (and possible subsequent etching process) to yield a shield that is contained within the sides of semiconductor package 10K.
[0032] The above description of embodiments of the invention is intended to be illustrative and not limiting. Other embodiments of this invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art in view of the above disclosure and fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A semiconductor package, comprising:
a substrate comprising a circuit pattern on a top surface of the substrate and lands on a bottom surface of the substrate, the lands being electrically connected to the circuit pattern;
a semiconductor die mounted on the top surface of the substrate;
an encapsulation covering the semiconductor die and the top surface of the substrate;
a metal layer within the encapsulation at a top surface of the encapsulation;
a solder mask over the top surface of the encapsulation and portions of the metal layer, the solder mask comprising openings therein that expose terminals of the metal layer; and
blind vias in the encapsulation, the metal layer being electrically connected to the circuit pattern by the blind vias, wherein at least some of the blind vias extend through the substrate to be directly electrically connected to the lands.
2. The semiconductor package of claim 1 further comprising wires electrically connecting electrical connections of the semiconductor die to the circuit pattern.
3. The semiconductor package of claim 2 wherein at least some of the blind vias directly contact the electrical connections of the semiconductor die.
4. The semiconductor package of claim 3 wherein the at least some of the blind vias directly connect the electrical connections of the semiconductor die to the metal layer.
5. The semiconductor package of claim 1 further comprising solder balls attached to the lands.
6. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the metal layer comprises circuit traces.
7. The semiconductor package of claim 6 further comprising laser-ablated channels in the top surface of the encapsulation, the circuit traces being in the laser-ablated channels.
8. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the metal layer is embedded in the encapsulation.
9. The semiconductor package of claim 1 wherein the metal layer directly contacts the encapsulation.
10. The semiconductor package of claim 1 further comprising a plating on the metal layer.
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