US 7,840,477 B2Grant
System and method for routing a trading order based upon quantity
Issue Date:2010-11-23
•44 Claims
•3 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
An apparatus for routing trading orders comprises a memory and a processor. The memory stores first trading information associated with a first buy order placed with a first market center. The first buy order is associated with a product and the first trading information comprises a disclosed quantity of the product and a reserved quantity of the product. The memory also stores second trading information associated with a second buy order placed with a second market center. The second buy order is associated with the product and the second trading information comprises a disclosed quantity of the product and a reserved quantity of the product. The processor is coupled to the memory and receives a sell order associated with a quantity of the product. The processor further cancels at least a portion of the second buy order placed with the second market center for placement with the first market center. The canceled portion of the second buy order is determined based at least in part upon the second trading information. The processor further routes at least one additional sell order to the first market center having a quantity that is based upon at least one of the first trading information and the canceled portion of the second buy order.
Metadata
Assignee
- BGC Partners, Inc.
Inventors
- Matthew W. Claus
- Joseph C. Noviello
Application Information
Application Number:US 11/146,646
Filing Date:2005-06-07
Priority Date:2005-06-07
Art Unit:3691
Classifications
IPC:
G06Q40/00
Patent Drawings (3 sheets)
Description
Technical Field of the Invention
[0001] The present invention relates generally to electronic trading and more specifically to a system for routing a trading order based upon quantity.
Background of the Invention
[0002] In recent years, electronic trading systems have gained wide spread acceptance for trading of a wide variety of items, such as goods, services, financial instruments, and commodities. For example, electronic trading systems have been created which facilitate the trading of financial instruments and commodities such as stocks, bonds, currency, futures contracts, oil, and gold.
[0003] Many of these electronic trading systems use a bid/offer process in which bids and offers are submitted to the systems by a passive side and then those bids and offers are hit or lifted (or taken) by an aggressive side. For example, a passive trading counterparty may submit a “bid” to buy a particular trading product. In response to such a bid, an aggressive side counterparty may submit a “hit” in order to indicate a willingness to sell the trading product to the first counterparty at the given price. Alternatively, a passive side counterparty may submit an “offer” to sell the particular trading product at the given price, and then the aggressive side counterparty may submit a “lift” (or “take”) in response to the offer to indicate a willingness to buy the trading product from the passive side counterparty at the given price.
Summary of the Invention
[0004] In accordance with the present invention, the disadvantages and problems associated with prior electronic trading systems have been substantially reduced or eliminated.
[0005] An apparatus for routing trading orders comprises a memory and a processor. In one mode of operation, the memory stores first trading information associated with a first buy order placed with a first market center. The first buy order is associated with a product and the first trading information comprises a disclosed quantity of the product and a reserved quantity of the product. The memory also stores second trading information associated with a second buy order placed with a second market center. The second buy order is associated with the product and the second trading information comprises a disclosed quantity of the product and a reserved quantity of the product. The processor is coupled to the memory and receives a sell order associated with a quantity of the product. The processor further cancels at least a portion of the second buy order placed with the second market center for placement with the first market center. The canceled portion of the second buy order is determined based at least in part upon the second trading information. The processor further routes at least one additional sell order to the first market center having a quantity that is based upon at least one of the first trading information and the canceled portion of the second buy order.
[0006] In another mode of operation, the memory stores first trading information associated with a first sell order placed with a first market center. The first sell order is associated with a product and the first trading information comprises a disclosed quantity of the product and a reserved quantity of the product. The memory also stores second trading information associated with a second sell order placed with a second market center. The second sell order is associated with the product and the second trading information comprises a disclosed quantity of the product and a reserved quantity of the product. The processor is coupled to the memory and receives a buy order associated with a quantity of the product. The processor further cancels at least a portion of the second sell order placed with the second market center for placement with the first market center. The canceled portion of the second sell order is determined based at least in part upon the second trading information. The processor further routes at least one additional buy order to the first market center having a quantity that is based upon at least one of the first trading information and the canceled portion of the second sell order.
[0007] Various embodiments of the present invention may benefit from numerous advantages. It should be noted that one or more embodiments may benefit from some, none, or all of the advantages discussed below.
[0008] In general, the system of the present invention optimizes the processing of trading orders by routing trading orders to particular market centers based upon quantity. In particular, the trading platform of the system may aggregrate trading orders for communication to a particular, preferred, market center. By aggregating trading orders, the system may reduce the overall number of trading orders that are communicated to market centers and, in doing so, the system may free up network resources in the system to perform other processes, such as to handle other trading orders. Therefore, these techniques may lead to faster and more efficient processing and routing of trading orders.
[0009] In addition, the trading platform of the present system stores trading information regarding previous trading orders (e.g., either buy orders or sell orders) that have been placed with various market centers. When the trading platform receives new trading orders for the same product (e.g., such as a buy order), it can refer to the stored trading information (e.g., such as for previous sell orders) to determine where to route the current trading orders in such a way that the trading orders can be fulfilled promptly. In other words, the trading platform can route current trading orders to particular market centers where it has a good chance of being matched with a prior trading order for the same product. By routing trading orders in this way, the trading platform of the present system allows the associated market centers to clear out previous trading orders from its queue and, in doing so, free up memory space and processing resources at the market center. This leads to a faster and more efficient trading system.
[0010] Other advantages will be readily apparent to one having ordinary skill in the art from the following figures, descriptions, and claims.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0011] For a more complete understanding of the present invention and its advantages, reference is now made to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0012] FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a trading system in accordance with the present invention;
[0013] FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of trading information used by the system illustrated in FIG. 1 ; and
[0014] FIG. 3 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary method for routing trading orders.
Detailed Description of Example Embodiments of the Invention
[0015] FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a trading system 10 that includes a trading platform 12 coupled to a variety of clients 14 using network 16 and further coupled to market centers 18. In general, system 10 optimizes the processing of trading orders 20 by routing trading orders 20 to particular market centers 18 based upon the quantity of product indicated in the order 20 and the quantity of product available at one or more market centers 18.
[0016] A trading order 20 comprises an order to buy a particular quantity of a particular trading product (e.g., bid request) or an order to sell a particular quantity of a particular trading product (e.g., offer request). The quantity of the trading product to be bought or sold is referred to herein as the “total quantity.” In particular embodiments, a trading order 20 may also specify a target price (e.g., target bid price and target offer price) for the trading product. Although the following description of system 10 is detailed with respect to trading equities, the trading product that forms the basis of a given trading order 20 may comprise any type of goods, services, financial instruments, commodities, etc. Examples of financial instruments include, but are not limited to, stocks, bonds, and futures contracts.
[0017] Clients 14 comprise any suitable local or remote end-user devices that may be used by traders to access one or more elements of trading system 10, such as trading platform 12. For example, a client 14 may comprise a computer, workstation, telephone, an Internet browser, an electronic notebook, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a pager, or any other suitable device (wireless or otherwise), component, or element capable of receiving, processing, storing, and/or communicating information with other components of system 10. A client 14 may also comprise any suitable interface for a trader such as a display, a microphone, a keyboard, or any other appropriate terminal equipment according to particular configurations and arrangements. It will be understood that there may be any number of clients 14, such as clients 14a, coupled to trading platform 12. In addition, there may be any number of clients 14, such as clients 14b and 14c, coupled to market centers 18 without using trading platform 12. Clients 14a, 14b, and 14c shall be collectively referred to as clients 14.
[0018] Although clients 14 are described herein as being used by “traders,” it should be understood that the term “trader” is meant to broadly apply to any user of trading system 10, whether that user is an agent acting on behalf of a principal, a principal, an individual, a legal entity (such as a corporation), or any machine or mechanism that is capable of placing and/or responding to trading orders 20 in system 10.
[0019] Network 16 is a communication platform operable to exchange data or information between clients 14 and trading platform 12 and/or market centers 18. Network 16 represents an Internet architecture in a particular embodiment of the present invention, which provides traders operating clients 14 with the ability to electronically execute trades or initiate transactions to be delivered to platform 12 and/or market centers 18. Network 16 could also be a plain old telephone system (POTS), which traders could use to perform the same operations or functions. Such transactions may be assisted by a broker associated with platform 12 or manually keyed into a telephone or other suitable electronic equipment in order to request that a transaction be executed. In other embodiments, network 16 could be any packet data network (PDN) offering a communications interface or exchange between any two nodes in system 10. Network 16 may further comprise any combination of local area network (LAN), metropolitan area network (MAN), wide area network (WAN), wireless local area network (WLAN), virtual private network (VPN), intranet, or any other appropriate architecture or system that facilitates communications between clients 14 and platform 12 and/or market centers 18.
[0020] Market centers 18 comprise all manner of order execution venues including exchanges, Electronic Communication Networks (ECNs), Alternative Trading Systems (ATSs), market makers, or any other suitable market participants. Each market center 18 maintains a bid and offer price in a given trading product by standing ready, willing, and able to buy or sell at publicly quoted prices, also referred to as market center prices.
[0021] Different market centers 18 provide different market center prices for particular trading products. For example, a particular market center 18 may offer a particular bid price and/or offer price for a particular trading product, while another market center 18 may offer a different bid price and/or offer price for the same trading product. Particular market centers 18 also charge a transaction cost in order to execute a trading order 20 that remains in their order book for more than a certain length of time.
[0022] In addition, different market centers 18 have adopted different policies regarding the disclosure to market makers of various details of a trading order 20, such as, for example, the size of a trading order 20. For example, a client 14 may place a trading order 20 with a “reserved quantity.” Such a reserved quantity comprises a portion of the total quantity of the trading order 20, and allows the client 14 to enter a large order while having the market center 18 only display a portion of it to the rest of the market. In this case, a first quantity of the trading order 20 is “disclosed” and a second quantity of the trading order 20 is “reserved.” Particular market centers 18, such as market center 18a, comprise “cooperative” market centers 18 in that they disclose both the disclosed quantity and the reserved quantity of a trading order 20 to trading platform 12. Other market centers 18, such as market center 18b, comprise “non-cooperative” market centers 18 in that they disclose the disclosed quantity of the trading order to trading platform 12, but do not disclose the reserved quantity of the trading order 20 to trading platform 12.
[0023] Trading platform 12 is a trading architecture that facilitates the routing, matching, and otherwise processing of trading orders 20. Platform 12 may comprise a management center or a headquartering office for any person, business, or entity that seeks to manage the trading of orders 20. Accordingly, platform 12 may include any suitable combination of hardware, software, personnel, devices, components, elements, or objects that may be utilized or implemented to achieve the operations and functions of an administrative body or a supervising entity that manages or administers a trading environment. In the particular embodiment described herein, trading platform 12 includes a number of interfaces, processors and memory devices that are executed to support the order processing activities of system 10.
[0024] Client interface 30 coupled to network 16 supports communication between clients 14 and the various components of platform 12. In a particular embodiment, client interface 30 comprises a transaction server that receives trading orders 20 communicated by clients 14.
[0025] Processor 32 is coupled to client interface 30 and performs a number of order handling tasks within platform 12. In particular, processor 32 records trading orders 20 in memory 34 and routes trading orders 20 to market centers 18. Processor 32 comprises any suitable combination of hardware and software implemented in one or more modules to provide the described function or operation. Processor 32 may execute program instructions stored in memory 34 and comprise processing components to execute the program instructions. Market center interface 36 supports communication between platform 12 and market centers 18.
[0026] Memory 34 comprises any suitable arrangement of random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), magnetic computer disk, CD-ROM, or other magnetic or optical storage media, or any other volatile or non-volatile memory devices that stores one or more files, lists, tables, or other arrangements of information, such as trading orders 20 and trading information 40. Although FIG. 1 illustrates memory 34 as internal to trading platform 12, it should be understood that memory 34 may be internal or external to components of system 10, depending on particular implementations. Also, memory 34 illustrated in FIG. 1 may be separate or integral to other memory devices to achieve any suitable arrangement of memory devices for use in system 10.
[0027] It should be noted that the internal structure of trading platform 12, and the interfaces, processors, and memory devices associated therewith, is malleable and can be readily changed, modified, rearranged, or reconfigured in order to achieve its intended operations.
[0028] In operation, clients 14 place a variety of trading orders 20 with market centers 18 with or without the assistance of trading platform 12. Memory 34 stores trading information 40 associated with these trading orders 20. For any given trading order 20, trading information 40 may comprise information about whether the trading order 20 is a buy order or a sell order, the underlying trading product, the total quantity, pricing information, and any other suitable information regarding the trading order 20. For those trading orders 20 placed with market center 18a but not by trading platform 12, for example, trading information 40 may include both the disclosed quantity of the underlying trading product as well as the reserved quantity of the trading product. For those trading orders 20 placed with market center 18b but not by trading platform 12, for example, trading information 40 may include only the disclosed quantity of the underlying trading product. For those trading orders 20 placed with either market center 18a or 18b by trading platform 12, trading information 20 may include both the disclosed quantity of the underlying trading product as well as the reserved quantity of the trading product.
[0029] When trading platform 12 receives additional trading orders 20 from clients 14a, processor 32 routes additional trading orders 20 to one or more market centers 18 based upon trading information 40 stored in memory 34. For example, if trading platform 12 receives a sell order 20 associated with a quantity of a particular product, processor 32 routes at least one additional sell order 20 to one or more of market centers 18 based upon trading information 40 associated with previous buy orders 20 for the same product. Similarly, if trading platform 12 receives a buy order 20 associated with a quantity of a particular product, processor 32 routes at least one additional buy order 20 to one or more of market centers 18 based upon trading information 40 associated with previous sell orders 20 for the same product. While this description is detailed with reference to the trading platform 12 receiving one or more trading orders 20 and communicating additional trading orders 20 to market centers 18, it should be understood that one or more of the additional trading orders 20 may comprise some, none, or all of a trading order 20 received by trading platform 12.
[0030] In routing these additional trading orders 20 to market centers 18, trading platform 12 may show a preference for one market center 18, such as cooperative market center 18a, over another market center 18, such as non-cooperative market center 18b. In particular, trading platform 12 may seek to fulfill as much as possible of the total quantity of a trading order 20 for a particular product at market center 18a before seeking to fulfill any portion of the total quantity of the trading order 20 at market center 18b. In addition, where trading platform 12 previously placed a trading order 20, such as a buy order 20 for a particular product, with market center 18b, it may cancel such previous trading order 20 and place it at market center 18a so that a subsequently received trading order 20, such as a sell order 20 for the same product, may be fulfilled (at least in part) at market center 18a rather than market center 18b. The portion of the trading order 20 that is canceled at market center 18b and placed instead at market center 18a is based at least in part upon trading information 40.
[0031] FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of trading information 40 used by system 10. Trading information 40 is illustrated in a table having columns 50-58 and rows 60-72. Columns 50-58 illustrate at least a portion of the types of information that comprise trading information 40, including the type of trading orders 20 (e.g., buy order or sell order) in column 50; the product that is the subject of the trading order 20 in column 52; the disclosed quantity of the trading order 50 in column 54; the reserved quantity of the trading order 50 in column 56; and the market center 18a or 18a to which a particular trading order 20 was routed in column 58. Each row 60-72 represents a trading order 20 previously placed or currently in place with a market center 18, whether it was or was not placed by trading platform 12. It should be understood that trading information 40 may be stored in any suitable arrangement of data, whether formatted in a table or any other data structure.
[0032] Several examples of the operation of system 10 will now be described with reference to trading information 40 illustrated in FIG. 2 . At the outset, however, suppose clients 14b placed trading orders 20 with market center 18a, as illustrated in rows 60 and 62, without the assistance of trading platform 12. In particular, the first trading order 20, illustrated in row 60, may be a buy order 20 for a product “XYZ” with a disclosed quantity of ten units and a reserved quantity of ten units. The second trading order 20, illustrated in row 62, may be a buy order 20 for the product “XYZ” with a disclosed quantity of ten units and a reserved quantity of zero units. Suppose further that clients 14c placed trading orders 20 with market center 18b, as illustrated in rows 64 and 66, without the assistance of trading platform 12. In particular, the first trading order 20, illustrated in row 64, may be a buy order 20 for a product “XYZ” with a disclosed quantity of ten units and a reserved quantity that remains unknown since market center 18b is “non-cooperative” with trading platform 12. The second trading order 20, illustrated in row 66, may be a buy order 20 for the product “XYZ” with a disclosed quantity of ten units and a reserved quantity that is unknown also.
[0033] Therefore, at this point, trading information 40 indicates that a disclosed quantity of forty units of product “XYZ” is being bid upon at market centers 18a and 18b (as indicated by rows 60-66 at column 54), that a reserved quantity of ten units of product “XYZ” is being bid upon at market center 18a (as indicated by row 60 at column 56), and that an unknown reserved quantity of product “XYZ” is being bid upon at market center 18b (as indicated by rows 64 and 66 at column 56).
[0034] In the first example operation, assume that trading platform 12 receives a sell order 20 for product “XYZ” for a total quantity of thirty units. Assume further that platform 12 preferences cooperative market center 18a in its order routing decisions. Because platform 12 stores trading information 40 indicating that thirty units of product “XYZ” is currently being bid upon in market center 18a, trading platform 12 routes a sell order 20 for product “XYZ” for the total quantity of thirty units to market center 18a where it can be fulfilled. By fulfilling as much as possible (e.g., thirty units) of the total quantity of the sell order 20 (e.g., thirty units) at market center 18a to the exclusion of market center 18b, trading platform 12 exhibits a preference for cooperative market center 18a in its order routing process.
[0035] In the second example operation, assume that trading platform 12 receives a sell order 20 for product “XYZ” for a total quantity of fifty units. Assume further that platform 12 preferences cooperative market center 18a in its order routing decisions. Because trading information 40 indicates that thirty units of product “XYZ” is currently being bid upon in market center 18a, trading platform 12 routes a sell order 20 for product “XYZ” for a quantity of thirty units to market center 18a where it can be fulfilled. Because trading platform 12 indicates that twenty units of product “XYZ” is currently being bid upon in market center 18b, trading platform 12 routes a sell order 20 for product “XYZ” for the remaining quantity of twenty units to market center 18b where it can be fulfilled. By fulfilling as much as possible (e.g., thirty units) of the total quantity of the sell order 20 (e.g., fifty units) at market center 18a before fulfilling the remainder (e.g., twenty units) at market center 18b, trading platform 12 exhibits a preference for cooperative market center 18a in its order routing process.
[0036] In the third example, assume further that trading platform 12 receives an additional buy order 20 for product “XYZ” in the amount of twenty units (e.g., ten units disclosed and ten units reserved) from a client 14a. Per the instructions of client 14a, assume that trading platform 12 places a buy order 20 with market center 18a for product “XYZ” with a disclosed quantity of five units and a reserved quantity of five units, as illustrated in row 68. Assume further that trading platform 12 places a buy order 20 with market center 18b for product “XYZ” with a disclosed quantity of five units and a reserved quantity of five units, as illustrated in row 70. At this point, trading information 40 indicates that a disclosed quantity of fifty units of product “XYZ” is being bid upon at market centers 18a and 18b (as indicated by rows 60-70 at column 54), that a reserved quantity of fifteen units of product “XYZ” is being bid upon at market center 18a (as indicated by rows 60 and 68 at column 56), and that a reserved quantity of five units of product “XYZ” is being bid upon at market center 18b (as indicated by row 70 at column 56).
[0037] Now, assume that trading platform 12 receives a sell order 20 for product “XYZ” for a total quantity of seventy-five units. Assume further that platform 12 preferences cooperative market center 18a in its order routing decisions. Because trading information 40 indicates that a total of forty units of product “XYZ” is currently being bid upon in market center 18a (as indicated by rows 60, 62, and 68), trading platform 12 routes a sell order 20 for product “XYZ” for a quantity of forty units to market center 18a where it can be fulfilled. Next, trading information 40 indicates that trading platform 12 placed with market center 18b a buy order 20 for product “XYZ” for a disclosed quantity of five units and a reserved quantity of five units, for a total quantity of ten units (as indicated in row 70). Assume further that platform 12 preferences cooperative market center 18a in its order routing decisions. As a result, platform 12 cancels the buy order 20 placed with market center 18b detailed in row 70 (as indicated by the dashed line through row 70) and, instead, places the buy order 20 with market center 18a (as indicated in row 72). Now, trading information 40 indicates that ten units of product “XYZ” is currently being bid upon in market center 18a (as indicated by row 72). Therefore, trading platform 12 routes a sell order 20 for product “XYZ” for a quantity of ten units to market center 18a where it can be fulfilled. The cancellation of the buy order 20 with market center 18b and the placement of the buy order 20 with market center 18a may occur simultaneously or sequentially in time.
[0038] Of the original quantity of seventy-five units in the sell order 20 received by trading platform 12, fifty units have now been fulfilled at market center 18a, leaving an additional twenty-five units unfulfilled. However, trading information 40 indicates that twenty units of product “XYZ” is currently being bid upon in market center 18b (as indicated by rows 64 and 66). Therefore, trading platform 12 routes a sell order 20 for product “XYZ” for a quantity of twenty units to market center 18b where it can be fulfilled. The five units of the sell order 20 that remain unfulfilled may be routed to market center 18a, market center 18b, or both per the instructions of the client 14a or the order routing priorities of trading platform 12. By fulfilling as much as possible (e.g., forty units) of the total quantity of the sell order 20 (e.g., seventy-five units) at market center 18a, and by canceling a buy order 20 previously placed with market center 18b (e.g., for ten units) for placement at market center 18a so that another ten units of the sell order 20 could be fulfilled at market center 18a, trading platform 12 exhibits a preference for cooperative market center 18a in its order routing process.
[0039] Although the previous examples are detailed with reference to trading information 40 detailing buy orders 20 and trading platform 12 routing sell orders 40 accordingly, it should be understood that trading information 40 can detail any number and combination of buy orders 20 and sell orders 20, and that trading platform 12 can route any number and combination of buy orders 20 and sell orders 20 using the techniques described above.
[0040] FIG. 3 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary method for routing trading orders 20. The method begins at steps 80 and 82 where trading platform 12 stores trading information 40 associated with one or more trading orders 20 (e.g., buy orders 20 and/or sell orders 20 for a particular product) placed with market center 18a, and trading information 40 associated with one or more trading orders 20 (e.g., buy orders 20 and/or sell orders 20 for a particular product) placed with market center 18b. At least a portion of this trading information 40 may be associated with trading orders 20 placed with market centers 18a or 18b by trading platform 12. Execution proceeds to step 84 where trading platform 12 receives a trading order 20 (e.g., buy order 20 or sell order 20) for a particular quantity of the particular product.
[0041] At step 86, trading platform 12 determines whether a corresponding trading order 20 for the particular product was placed by trading platform 12 at market center 18b. For example, if the trading order 20 received at step 84 is a buy order 20, trading platform 12 determines at step 86 whether a sell order 20 for the particular product was placed by trading platform 12 at market center 18b. If the trading order 20 received at step 84 is a sell order 20, trading platform 12 determines at step 86 whether a buy order 20 for the particular product was placed by trading platform 12 at market center 18b. If so, execution proceeds to step 88 where trading platform 12 cancels at least a portion of the corresponding order 20 at market center 18b. Execution proceeds to step 90 where trading platform 12 places the corresponding order 20 at market center 18a.
[0042] Upon placing the corresponding order 20 at market center 18a at step 90, or upon determining that a corresponding order 20 was not placed by trading platform 12 at market center 18b at step 86, execution proceeds to step 92 where trading platform 12 routes one or more trading orders 20 to market center 18a to fulfill at least a portion of the trading order 20 received at step 84. The trading order 20 received at step 84 may be fulfilled at least in part by corresponding trading orders 20 that were originally placed at market center 18a (whether by trading platform 12 or not) and/or by corresponding trading orders 20 that were placed at market center 18a by trading platform 12 at step 90 in association with a corresponding trading order 20 that was canceled at market center 18b at step 88. In this regard, trading platform 12 exhibits a preference for cooperative market center 18a in its order routing process.
[0043] Although the present invention has been described in several embodiments, a myriad of changes and modifications may be suggested to one skilled in the art, and it is intended that the present invention encompass such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the present appended claims.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An apparatus for routing trading orders, comprising:
at least one processor of a trading platform; and
a memory coupled to the at least one processor, the memory operable to store:
first trading information associated with a first buy order, wherein the first buy order is associated with a product and the first trading information comprises a disclosed first quantity of the product and a reserved first quantity of the product; and
second trading information associated with a second buy order, wherein the second buy order is associated with the product and the second trading information comprises a disclosed second quantity of the product and a reserved second quantity of the product; and
instructions which, when executed, direct the at least one processor to:
receive the first buy order;
route the first buy order to a first market center, the first market center having an associated first disclosure policy concerning the disclosure of reserved quantities of trading orders placed at the first market center by trading participants other than the trading platform, in which the first market center discloses reserved quantities of trading orders placed by the other trading participants to the trading platform pursuant to the first disclosure policy;
receive the second buy order;
route the second buy order to a second market center, the second market center having an associated second disclosure policy concerning the disclosure of reserved quantities of trading orders placed at the second market center by trading participants other than the trading platform, in which the second market center does not disclose reserved quantities of trading orders placed by the other trading participants to the trading platform pursuant to the second disclosure policy;
receive a sell order associated with a first sell quantity of the product, in which the first sell quantity exceeds a sum of the disclosed first quantity and the reserved first quantity associated with the first buy order;
responsive to receiving the sell order, cancel at least a portion of the second buy order placed with the second market center for placement with the first market center based at least upon (1) a determination that the first market center discloses reserved quantities of trading orders placed by the other trading participants to the trading platform pursuant to the first disclosure policy, (2) a determination that the second market center does not disclose reserved quantities of trading orders placed by the other trading participants to the trading platform pursuant to the second disclosure policy, and (3) the first sell quantity exceeding a sum of the disclosed first quantity and the reserved first quantity associated with the first buy order, wherein the canceled portion of the second buy order comprises a cancelled quantity determined based at least in part upon the second trading information;
responsive to cancelling at least a portion of the second buy order placed with the second market center, route a third buy order associated with the product to the first market center based at least in part on (1) the determination that the first market center discloses reserved quantities of trading orders placed by the other trading participants to the trading platform pursuant to the first disclosure policy and (2) the determination that the second market center does not disclose reserved quantities of trading orders placed by the other trading participants to the trading platform pursuant to the second disclosure policy, in which the second buy order comprises a quantity equal to the cancelled quantity; and
route at least a portion of the sell order to the first market center based at least in part on the determination that the first market center discloses reserved quantities of trading orders placed by the other trading participants to the trading platform pursuant to the first disclosure policy, the at least a portion of the sell order having a second sell quantity that is determined based at least in part upon at least one of (i) the first trading information and (ii) the canceled portion of the second buy order, in which the second sell quantity exceeds the sum of the disclosed first quantity of the reserved first quantity associated with the first buy order.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor places the first buy order with the first market center.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor places the second buy order with the second market center.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the memory is further operable to store third trading information associated with at least one additional buy order placed with the first market center but not by the processor, the at least one additional buy order being associated with the product and comprising a disclosed quantity of the product and a reserved quantity of the product; and
the quantity of the at least one additional sell order routed to the first market center is determined based at least in part upon the third trading information.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the memory is further operable to store third trading information associated with at least one additional buy order placed with the second market center but not by the processor, the at least one additional buy order being associated with the product and comprising a disclosed quantity of the product but not a reserved quantity of the product; and
the processor is further operable to route at least one additional sell order to the second market center having a quantity that is determined based at least in part upon the third trading information.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor places the canceled portion of the second buy order with the first market center and, in response thereto, routes the sell order to the first market center.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor places the canceled portion of the second buy order with the first market center and, in conjunction therewith, routes the sell order to the first market center.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the canceled portion of the second buy order is determined based further upon the quantity of the product identified in the order.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sell order comprises:
a first additional sell order routed to the first market center and having a quantity that is based at least in part upon the first trading information; and
a second additional sell order routed to the first market center and having a quantity that is based at least in part upon the canceled portion of the second buy order.
10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the first market center comprises a cooperative exchange; and
the second market center comprises a non-cooperative exchange.
11. An apparatus for routing trading orders, comprising:
at least one processor of a trading platform; and
a memory coupled to the at least one processor, the memory operable to store:
first trading information associated with a first sell order, wherein the first sell order is associated with a product and the first trading information comprises a disclosed first quantity of the product and a reserved first quantity of the product; and
second trading information associated with a second sell order, wherein the second sell order is associated with the product and the second trading information comprises a disclosed second quantity of the product and a reserved second quantity of the product; and
instructions which, when executed, direct the at least one processor to:
receive the first sell order;
route the first sell order to a first market center, the first market center having an associated first disclosure policy concerning the disclosure of reserved quantities of trading orders placed at the first market center by trading participants other than the trading platform, in which the first market center discloses reserved quantities of trading orders placed by the other trading participants to the trading platform pursuant to the first disclosure policy;
receive the second sell order;
route the second sell order to a second market center, the second market center having an associated second disclosure policy concerning the disclosure of reserved quantities of trading orders placed at the second market center by trading participants other than the trading platform, in which the second market center does not disclose reserved quantities of trading orders placed by the other trading participants to the trading platform pursuant to the second disclosure policy;
receive a buy order associated with a first buy quantity of the product, in which the first buy quantity exceeds a sum of the disclosed first quantity and the reserved first quantity associated with the first sell order;
responsive to receiving the buy order, cancel at least a portion of the second sell order placed with the second market center for placement with the first market center based at least upon (1) a determination that the first market center discloses reserved quantities of trading orders placed by the other trading participants to the trading platform pursuant to the first disclosure policy, (2) a determination that the second market center does not disclose reserved quantities of trading orders placed by the other trading participants to the trading platform pursuant to the second disclosure policy, and (3) the first buy quantity exceeding a sum of the disclosed first quantity and the reserved first quantity associated with the first sell order, wherein the canceled portion of the second sell order comprises a cancelled quantity determined based at least in part upon the second trading information;
responsive to cancelling at least a portion of the second sell order placed with the second market center, route a third sell order associated with the product to the first market center based at least in part on (1) the determination that the first market center discloses reserved quantities of trading orders placed by the other trading participants to the trading platform pursuant to the first disclosure policy and (2) the determination that the second market center does not disclose reserved quantities of trading orders placed by the other trading participants to the trading platform pursuant to the second disclosure policy, in which the second sell order comprises a quantity equal to the cancelled quantity; and
route at least a portion of the buy order to the first market center based at least in part on the determination that the first market center discloses reserved quantities of trading orders placed by the other trading participants to the trading platform pursuant to the first disclosure policy, the at least a portion of the buy order having a second buy quantity that is determined based at least in part upon at least one of (i) the first trading information and (ii) the canceled portion of the second sell order, in which the second buy quantity exceeds the sum of the disclosed first quantity of the reserved first quantity associated with the first sell order.
12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor places the first sell order with the first market center.
13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor places the second sell order with the second market center.
14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein:
the memory is further operable to store third trading information associated with at least one additional sell order placed with the first market center but not by the processor, the at least one additional sell order being associated with the product and comprising a disclosed quantity of the product and a reserved quantity of the product; and
the quantity of the at least one additional buy order routed to the first market center is determined based at least in part upon the third trading information.
15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein:
the memory is further operable to store third trading information associated with at least one additional sell order placed with the second market center but not by the processor, the at least one additional sell order being associated with the product and comprising a disclosed quantity of the product but not a reserved quantity of the product; and
the processor is further operable to route at least one additional buy order to the second market center having a quantity that is determined based at least in part upon the third trading information.
16. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor places the canceled portion of the second sell order with the first market center and, in response thereto, routes the buy order to the first market center.
17. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor places the canceled portion of the second sell order with the first market center and, in conjunction therewith, routes the buy order to the first market center.
18. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the canceled portion of the second buy order is determined based further upon the quantity of the product identified in the buy order.
19. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the buy order comprises:
a first additional buy order routed to the first market center and having a quantity that is based at least in part upon the first trading information; and
a second additional buy order routed to the first market center and having a quantity that is based at least in part upon the canceled portion of the second sell order.
20. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein:
the first market center comprises a cooperative exchange; and
the second market center comprises a non-cooperative exchange.
21. A method for routing trading orders, comprising:
storing by at least one processor first trading information associated with a first buy order, wherein the first buy order is associated with a product and the first trading information comprises a disclosed first quantity of the product and a reserved first quantity of the product;
storing by the at least one processor second trading information associated with a second buy order, wherein the second buy order is associated with the product and the second trading information comprises a disclosed second quantity of the product and a reserved second quantity of the product;
receiving by the at least one processor the first buy order;
routing by the at least one processor the first buy order to a first market center, the first market center having an associated first disclosure policy concerning the disclosure of reserved quantities of trading orders placed at the first market center by trading participants other than the trading platform, in which the first market center discloses reserved quantities of trading orders placed by the other trading participants to the trading platform pursuant to the first disclosure policy;
receiving by the at least one processor the second buy order;
routing by the at least one processor the second buy order to a second market center, the second market center having an associated second disclosure policy concerning the disclosure of reserved quantities of trading orders placed at the second market center by trading participants other than the trading platform, in which the second market center does not disclose reserved quantities of trading orders placed by the other trading participants to the trading platform pursuant to the second disclosure policy;
receiving by the at least one processor a sell order associated with a first sell quantity of the product, in which the first sell quantity exceeds a sum of the disclosed first quantity and the reserved first quantity associated with the first buy order;
responsive to receiving the sell order, canceling by the at least one processor at least a portion of the second buy order placed with the second market center for placement with the first market center based at least upon (1) a determination that the first market center discloses reserved quantities of trading orders placed by the other trading participants to the trading platform pursuant to the first disclosure policy, (2) a determination that the second market center does not disclose reserved quantities of trading orders placed by the other trading participants to the trading platform pursuant to the second disclosure policy, and the first sell quantity exceeding the sum of the disclosed first quantity and the reserved first quantity associated with the first buy order, wherein the canceled portion of the second buy order comprises a cancelled quantity determined based at least in part upon the second trading information;
responsive to cancelling at least a portion of the second buy order placed with the second market center, routing by the at least one processor a third buy order associated with the product to the first market center based at least in part on (1) the determination that the first market center discloses reserved quantities of trading orders placed by the other trading participants to the trading platform pursuant to the first disclosure policy and (2) the determination that the second market center does not disclose reserved quantities of trading orders placed by the other trading participants to the trading platform pursuant to the second disclosure policy, in which the second buy order comprises a quantity equal to the cancelled quantity; and
routing by the at least one processor at least a portion of the sell order to the first market center based at least in part on the determination that the first market center discloses reserved quantities of trading orders placed by the other trading participants to the trading platform pursuant to the first disclosure policy, the at least a portion of the sell order having a second sell quantity that is determined based at least in part upon at least one of (i) the first trading information and (ii) the canceled portion of the second buy order, in which the second sell quantity exceeds the sum of the disclosed first quantity of the reserved first quantity associated with the first buy order.
22. The method of claim 21, further comprising placing the first buy order with the first market center.
23. The method of claim 21, further comprising placing the second buy order with the second market center.
24. The method of claim 21, further comprising storing third trading information associated with at least one additional buy order placed with the first market center, the at least one additional buy order being associated with the product and comprising a disclosed quantity of the product and a reserved quantity of the product, wherein the quantity of the at least one additional sell order routed to the first market center is determined based at least in part upon the third trading information.
25. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
storing third trading information associated with at least one additional buy order placed with the second market center, the at least one additional buy order being associated with the product and comprising a disclosed quantity of the product but not a reserved quantity of the product; and
routing at least one additional sell order to the second market center having a quantity that is determined based at least in part upon the third trading information.
26. The method of claim 21, further comprising placing the canceled portion of the second buy order with the first market center and, in response thereto, routing the sell order to the first market center.
27. The method of claim 21, further comprising placing the canceled portion of the second buy order with the first market center and, in conjunction therewith, routing the sell order to the first market center.
28. The method of claim 21, wherein the canceled portion of the second buy order is determined based further upon the quantity of the product identified in the sell order.
29. The method of claim 21, wherein the sell order comprises:
a first additional sell order routed to the first market center and having a quantity that is based at least in part upon the first trading information; and
a second additional sell order routed to the first market center and having a quantity that is based at least in part upon the canceled portion of the second buy order.
30. The method of claim 21, wherein:
the first market center comprises a cooperative exchange; and
the second market center comprises a non-cooperative exchange.
31. A method for routing trading orders, comprising:
storing by at least one processor first trading information associated with a first sell order, wherein the first sell order is associated with a product and the first trading information comprises a disclosed first quantity of the product and a reserved first quantity of the product;
storing by the at least one processor second trading information associated with a second sell order, wherein the second sell order is associated with the product and the second trading information comprises a disclosed second quantity of the product and a reserved second quantity of the product;
receiving by the at least one processor the first sell order;
routing by the at least one processor the first sell order to a first market center, the first market center having an associated first disclosure policy concerning the disclosure of reserved quantities of trading orders placed at the first market center by trading participants other than the trading platform, in which the first market center discloses reserved quantities of trading orders placed by the other trading participants to the trading platform pursuant to the first disclosure policy;
receiving by the at least one processor the second sell order;
routing by the at least one processor the second sell order to a second market center, the second market center having an associated second disclosure policy concerning the disclosure of reserved quantities of trading orders placed at the second market center by trading participants other than the trading platform, in which the second market center does not disclose reserved quantities of trading orders placed by the other trading participants to the trading platform pursuant to the second disclosure policy;
receiving by the at least one processor a buy order associated with a first buy quantity of the product, in which the first buy quantity exceeds a sum of the disclosed first quantity and the reserved first quantity associated with the first sell order;
responsive to receiving the buy order, canceling by the at least one processor at least a portion of the second sell order placed with the second market center for placement with the first market center based at least upon (1) a determination that the first market center discloses reserved quantities of trading orders placed by the other trading participants to the trading platform pursuant to the first disclosure policy, (2) a determination that the second market center does not disclose reserved quantities of trading orders placed by the other trading participants to the trading platform pursuant to the second disclosure policy, and the first buy quantity exceeding the sum of the disclosed first quantity and the reserved first quantity associated with the first sell order, wherein the canceled portion of the second sell order comprises a cancelled quantity determined based at least in part upon the second trading information;
responsive to cancelling at least a portion of the second sell order placed with the second market center, routing by the at least one processor a third sell order associated with the product to the first market center based at least in part on (1) the determination that the first market center discloses reserved quantities of trading orders placed by the other trading participants to the trading platform pursuant to the first disclosure policy and (2) the determination that the second market center does not disclose reserved quantities of trading orders placed by the other trading participants to the trading platform pursuant to the second disclosure policy, in which the second sell order comprises a quantity equal to the cancelled quantity; and
routing by the at least one processor at least a portion of the buy order to the first market center based at least in part on the determination that the first market center discloses reserved quantities of trading orders placed by the other trading participants to the trading platform pursuant to the first disclosure policy, the at least a portion of the buy order having a second buy quantity that is determined based at least in part upon at least one of (i) the first trading information and (ii) the canceled portion of the second sell order, in which the second buy quantity exceeds the sum of the disclosed first quantity of the reserved first quantity associated with the first sell order.
32. The method of claim 31, further comprising placing the first sell order with the first market center.
33. The method of claim 31, further comprising placing the second sell order with the second market center.
34. The method of claim 31, further comprising storing third trading information associated with at least one additional sell order placed with the first market center, the at least one additional sell order being associated with the product and comprising a disclosed quantity of the product and a reserved quantity of the product, wherein the quantity of the at least one additional buy order routed to the first market center is determined based at least in part upon the third trading information.
35. The method of claim 31, further comprising:
storing third trading information associated with at least one additional sell order placed with the second market center, the at least one additional sell order being associated with the product and comprising a disclosed quantity of the product but not a reserved quantity of the product; and
routing at least one additional buy order to the second market center having a quantity that is determined based at least in part upon the third trading information.
36. The method of claim 31, further comprising placing the canceled portion of the second sell order with the first market center and, in response thereto, routing the buy order to the first market center.
37. The method of claim 31, further comprising placing the canceled portion of the second sell order with the first market center and, in conjunction therewith, routing the buy order to the first market center.
38. The method of claim 31, wherein the canceled portion of the second buy order is determined based further upon the quantity of the product identified in the buy order.
39. The method of claim 31, wherein the buy order comprises:
a first additional buy order routed to the first market center and having a quantity that is based at least in part upon the first trading information; and
a second additional buy order routed to the first market center and having a quantity that is based at least in part upon the canceled portion of the second sell order.
40. The method of claim 31, wherein:
the first market center comprises a cooperative exchange; and
the second market center comprises a non-cooperative exchange.
41. The apparatus of claim 1, in which the second sell quantity is equal to a sum of the disclosed first quantity, the reserved first quantity, the disclosed second quantity, and the reserved second quantity.
42. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second sell quantity is determined based at least in part on the canceled portion of the second buy order.
43. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second sell quantity is determined based at least in part on the first trading information.
44. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the act of cancelling at least as portion of the second buy order comprises cancelling the entire second buy order.
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