US 7,793,714 B2Grant
Device and system for well completion and control and method for completing and controlling a well
Issue Date:2010-09-14
•13 Claims
•8 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A fracing and production configuration including a tubular having a plurality of openings. The openings having a beaded matrix therein, a valve sub in operable communication with the tubular and an underminable plugging material plugging each of the beaded matrixes. A method for fracing and producing from a wellbore in a formation.
Metadata
Assignee
- Baker Hughes Incorporated
Inventor
- Michael H. Johnson
Application Information
Application Number:US 12/144,416
Filing Date:2008-06-23
Priority Date:2007-10-19
Art Unit:3676
Classifications
IPC:
E21B43/10
Patent Drawings (8 sheets)
Description
Cross Reference to Related Application
[0001] The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/052,919, filed May 13, 2008, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/875,584, filed Oct. 19, 2007, the entire contents of which are specifically incorporated herein by reference.
Background
[0002] Well completion and control are the most important aspects of hydrocarbon recovery short of finding hydrocarbon reservoirs to begin with. A host of problems are associated with both wellbore completion and control. Many solutions have been offered and used over the many years of hydrocarbon production and use. While clearly such technology has been effective, allowing the world to advance based upon hydrocarbon energy reserves, new systems and methods are always welcome to reduce costs or improve recovery or both.
Summary
[0003] A fracing and production configuration including a tubular having a plurality of openings. The openings having a beaded matrix therein, a valve sub in operable communication with the tubular and an underminable plugging material plugging each of the beaded matrixes.
[0004] A method for fracing and producing from a wellbore in a formation including running a configuration to depth in a wellbore, actuating a valve sub, pumping a fracing fluid into the wellbore and through the valve sub into the formation, undermining the underminable plugging material, and producing a target fluid through the beaded matrixes into the configuration.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0005] Referring now to the drawings wherein like elements are numbered alike in the several Figures:
[0006] FIG. 1 is a perspective sectional view of a plug as disclosed herein;
[0007] FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional illustration of a tubular member having a plurality of the plugs of FIG. 1 installed therein;
[0008] FIGS. 3A-3D are sequential views of a device having a hardenable and underminable substance therein to hold differential pressure and illustrating the undermining of the material;
[0009] FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a tubular with a plurality of devices disposed therein and flow lines indicating the movement of a fluid such as cement filling an annular space;
[0010] FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of a tubular with a plurality of devices disposed therein and a sand screen disposed therearound;
[0011] FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an expandable configuration having flow ports and a beaded matrix; and
[0012] FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the invention disclosed herein.
Detailed Description
[0013] Referring to FIG. 1 , a beaded matrix plug flow control device 10 includes a plug housing 12 and a permeable material (sometimes referred to as beaded matrix) 14 disposed therein. The housing 12 includes in one embodiment a thread 16 disposed at an outside surface of the housing 12, but it is to be understood that any configuration providing securement to another member including welding is contemplated. In addition, some embodiments will include an o-ring or similar sealing structure 18 about the housing 12 to engage a separate structure such as a tubular structure with which the device 10 is intended to be engaged. In the FIG. 1 embodiment, a bore disposed longitudinally through the device is of more than one diameter (or dimension if not cylindrical). This creates a shoulder 20 within the inside surface of the device 10. While it is not necessarily required to provide the shoulder 20, it can be useful in applications where the device is rendered temporarily impermeable and might experience differential pressure thereacross. Impermeability of matrix 14 and differential pressure capability of the devices is discussed more fully later in this disclosure.
[0014] The matrix itself is described as “beaded” since the individual “beads” 30 are rounded though not necessarily spherical. A rounded geometry is useful primarily in avoiding clogging of the matrix 14 since there are few edges upon which debris can gain purchase.
[0015] The beads 30 themselves can be formed of many materials such as ceramic, glass, metal, etc. without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Each of the materials indicated as examples, and others, has its own properties with respect to resistance to conditions in the downhole environment and so may be selected to support the purposes to which the devices 10 will be put. The beads 30 may then be joined together (such as by sintering, for example) to form a mass (the matrix 14) such that interstitial spaces are formed therebetween providing the permeability thereof In some embodiments, the beads will be coated with another material for various chemical and/or mechanical resistance reasons. One embodiment utilizes nickel as a coating material for excellent wear resistance and avoidance of clogging of the matrix 14. Further, permeability of the matrix tends to be substantially better than a gravel or sand pack and therefore pressure drop across the matrix 14 is less than the mentioned constructions. In another embodiment, the beads are coated with a highly hydrophobic coating that works to exclude water in fluids passing through the device 10.
[0016] In addition to coatings or treatments that provide activity related to fluids flowing through the matrix 14, other materials may be applied to the matrix 14 to render the same temporarily (or permanently if desired) impermeable.
[0017] Each or any number of the devices 10 can easily be modified to be temporarily (or permanently) impermeable by injecting a hardenable (or other property causing impermeability) substance 26 such as a bio-polymer into the interstices of the beaded matrix 14 (see FIG. 3 for a representation of devices 10 having a hardenable substance therein). Determination of the material to be used is related to temperature and length of time for undermining (dissolving, disintegrating, fluidizing, subliming, etc) of the material desired. For example, Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) is appropriate for temperatures up to about 200 degrees Fahrenheit, Polywax for temperatures up to about 180 degrees Fahrenheit; PEO/Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) for temperatures up to about 250 degrees Fahrenheit; Polylactic Acid (PLA) for temperatures above 250 degrees Fahrenheit; among others. These can be dissolved using acids such as Sulfamic Acid, Glucono delta lactone, Polyglycolic Acid, or simply by exposure to the downhole environment for a selected period, for example. In one embodiment, Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is rendered molten or at least relatively soft and injected into the interstices of the beaded matrix and allowed to cool. This can be accomplished at a manufacturing location or at another controlled location such as on the rig. It is also possible to treat the devices in the downhole environment by pumping the hardenable material into the devices in situ. This can be done selectively or collectively of the devices 10 and depending upon the material selected to reside in the interstices of the devices; it can be rendered soft enough to be pumped directly from the surface or other remote location or can be supplied via a tool run to the vicinity of the devices and having the capability of heating the material adjacent the devices. In either case, the material is then applied to the devices. In such condition, the device 10 will hold a substantial pressure differential that may exceed 10,000 PSI.
[0018] The PVC, PEO, PVA, etc. can then be removed from the matrix 14 by application of an appropriate acid or over time as selected. As the hardenable material is undermined, target fluids begin to flow through the devices 10 into a tubular 40 in which the devices 10 are mounted. Treating of the hardenable substance may be general or selective. Selective treatment is by, for example, spot treating, which is a process known to the industry and does not require specific disclosure with respect to how it is accomplished.
[0019] In a completion operation, the temporary plugging of the devices can be useful to allow for the density of the string to be reduced thereby allowing the string to “float” into a highly deviated or horizontal borehole. This is because a lower density fluid (gas or liquid) than borehole fluid may be used to fill the interior of the string and will not leak out due to the hardenable material in the devices. Upon conclusion of completion activities, the hardenable material may be removed from the devices to facilitate production through the completion string.
[0020] Another operational feature of temporarily rendering impermeable the devices 10 is to enable the use of pressure actuated processes or devices within the string. Clearly, this cannot be accomplished in a tubular with holes in it. Due to the pressure holding capability of the devices 10 with the hardenable material therein, pressure actuations are available to the operator. One of the features of the devices 10 that assists in pressure containment is the shoulder 20 mentioned above. The shoulder 20 provides a physical support for the matrix 14 that reduces the possibility that the matrix itself could be pushed out of the tubular in which the device 10 resides.
[0021] In some embodiments, this can eliminate the use of sliding sleeves. In addition, the housing 12 of the devices 10 can be configured with mini ball seats so that mini balls pumped into the wellbore will seat in the devices 10 and plug them for various purposes.
[0022] As has been implied above and will have been understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, each device 10 is a unit that can be utilized with a number of other such units having the same permeability or different permeabilities to tailor inflow capability of the tubular 40, which will be a part of a string (not shown) leading to a remote location such as a surface location. By selecting a pattern of devices 10 and a permeability of individual devices 10, flow of fluid either into (target hydrocarbons) or out of (steam injection, etc.) the tubular can be controlled to improve results thereof. Moreover, with appropriate selection of a device 10 pattern a substantial retention of collapse, burst and torsional strength of the tubular 40 is retained. Such is so much the case that the tubular 40 can be itself used to drill into the formation and avoid the need for an after run completion string.
[0023] In another utility, referring to FIG. 4 , the devices 10 are usable as a tell tale for the selective installation of fluid media such as, for example, cement. In the illustration, a casing 60 having a liner hanger 62 disposed therein supports a liner 64. The liner 64 includes a cement sleeve 66 and a number of devices 10 (two shown). Within the liner 64 is disposed a workstring 68 that is capable of supplying cement to an annulus of the liner 64 through the cement sleeve 66. In this case, the devices 10 are configured to allow passage of mud through the matrix 14 to an annular space 70 between the liner 64 and the workstring 68 while excluding passage of cement. This is accomplished by either tailoring the matrix 14 of the specific devices 10 to exclude the cement or by tailoring the devices 10 to facilitate bridging or particulate matter added to the cement. In either case, since the mud will pass through the devices 10 and the cement will not, a pressure rise is seen at the surface when the cement reaches the devices 10 whereby the operator is alerted to the fact that the cement has now reached its destination and the operation is complete. In an alternate configuration, the devices 10 may be selected so as to pass cement from inside to outside the tubular in some locations while not admitting cement to pass in either direction at other locations. This is accomplished by manufacturing the beaded matrix 14 to possess interstices that are large enough for passage of the cement where it is desired that cement passes the devices and too small to allow passage of the solid content of the cement at other locations. Clearly, the grain size of a particular type of cement is known. Thus if one creates a matrix 14 having an interstitial space that is smaller than the grain size, the cement will not pass but will rather be stopped against the matrix 14 causing a pressure rise.
[0024] In another embodiment, the devices 10 in tubular 40 are utilized to supplement the function of a screen 80. This is illustrated in FIG. 5 . Screens, it is known, cannot support any significant differential pressure without suffering catastrophic damage thereto. Utilizing the devices 10 as disclosed herein, however, a screen segment 82 can be made pressure differential insensitive by treating the devices 10 with a hardenable material as discussed above. The function of the screen can then be fully restored by dissolution or otherwise undermining of the hardenable material in the devices 10.
[0025] Referring to FIG. 6 , an expandable liner 90 is illustrated having a number of beaded matrix areas 90 supplied thereon. These areas 92 are intended to be permeable or renderable impermeable as desired through means noted above but in addition allow the liner to be expanded to a generally cylindrical geometry upon the application of fluid pressure or mechanical expansion force. The liner 90 further provides flex channels 94 for fluid conveyance. Liner 90 provides for easy expansion due to the accordion-like nature thereof. It is to be understood, however, that the tubular of FIG. 2 is also expandable with known expansion methods and due to the relatively small change in the openings in tubular 40 for devices 10, the devices 10 do not leak.
[0026] In another embodiment, referring to FIG. 7 , a configuration 100 for fracing and producing in a single string is illustrated schematically. Having been exposed to the foregoing disclosure, one will recognize tubular 40 with devices 10 and wrap around screen or shroud 80. In addition, and in sealed communication with tubular 40 is a valve sub 102, which may be a sliding sleeve as shown. The purpose of the valve 102 is to create a positively openable and closeable port structure that will allow a frac fluid to be applied to a formation radially outwardly positioned of the configuration 100 and then positively closed to prevent infiltration of formation fluids through that port structure. Opening of the valve 102 may be through an intervention or remotely in different embodiments or may be remote with a back-up mechanical means for ansuring its actuation. In combination with this valve however is the tubular 40 with devices 10. These devices will be plugged in one of the ways previously disclosed herein in order to ensure that they can hold the pressure of the frac fluid when applied to frac the formation through the valve 102. Subsequent to the fracing operation however, the plugging material is removed from the devices 10 and the valve 102 is closed. The devices 10 and the screen 80 then operate as hereinbefore disclosed to allow the configuration 100 to act as a production string. This obviates the need to run a separate string thereby reducing rig time and costs associated therewith as well as speeding the time to production of target fluids.
[0027] In use, the configuration 100 is made up and run in the hole. The valve 102 can be run in he open position or in the closed position but is more likely to be run in the closed position for string floating purposes. Floating of the string is possible due to one of the concepts discussed above. That is that with the devices 10 plugged, an interior of the string is isolated fluidly from the outside of the string and thus can contain a lower density fluid to help float the string. Assuming that the valve 102 was run into the hole in the closed position, after reaching target depth, the valve 102 is opened and a frac fluid is pumped into the formation through the valve 102. The frac fluid does not migrate through the devices 10 as they are plugged, and the plugging material has sufficient structural integrity to withstand fracing pressures. This of course protects the screen 80 from experiencing differential pressure thereacross. Upon completion of the fracing operation, the valve 102 is closed by suitable means and the plugging material undermined in the devices to render them permeable to at least the target fluid. At this point, production is begun through the devices.
[0028] It is noted that while in each discussed embodiment the matrix 14 is disposed within a housing 12 that is itself attachable to the tubular 40, it is possible to simply fill holes in the tubular 40 with the matrix 14 with much the same effect. In order to properly heat treat the tubular 40 to join the beads however, a longer oven would be required.
[0029] While preferred embodiments have been shown and described, modifications and substitutions may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the present invention has been described by way of illustrations and not limitation.
Claims
The invention claimed is:
1. A fracing and production configuration comprising:
a tubular having a plurality of openings, the openings having a beaded matrix therein;
a valve sub in operable communication with the tubular, the valve sub being positively openable and closable to allow, when open, a fracing fluid at fracing pressure to be applied radially outwardly of the configuration;
an underminable plugging material, plugging each of the beaded matrixes.
2. The configuration as claimed in claim 1 wherein the valve sub is a sliding sleeve.
3. The configuration as claimed in claim 1 wherein the beaded matrixes are disposed within individual housings.
4. The configuration as claimed in claim 1 wherein the plugging material has sufficient structural integrity to withstand fracing pressures.
5. The configuration as claimed in claim 1 wherein the plugging material is underminable by acid disintegration.
6. The configuration as claimed in claim 1 wherein the plugging material is underminable by downhole exposure for a selected time.
7. A method for fracing and producing from a wellbore in a formation comprising:
running a configuration as claimed in claim 1 to depth in a wellbore;
actuating a valve sub;
pumping a fracing fluid at a fracing pressure into the wellbore and through the valve sub into the formation;
undermining the underminable plugging material; and
producing a target fluid through the beaded matrixes into the configuration.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7 wherein the actuating is by remote actuation.
9. The method as claimed in claim 7 wherein the actuating is by mechanical intervention.
10. The method as claimed in claim 7 wherein the actuating includes opening of the valve sub.
11. The method as claimed in claim 7 wherein the actuating includes closing of the valve sub.
12. The method as claimed in claim 7 wherein the undermining includes applying acid to the underminable plugging material.
13. The method as claimed in claim 7 wherein the undermining includes exposing the underminable plugging material to wellbore conditions for a selected period of time.
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