Controller for continuously variable transmission

[0001] This application incorporates by references the subject matter of Application No. 2005-117065 filed in Japan on Apr. 14, 2005 on which a priority claim is based under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a).

[0002] (1) Field of the Invention

[0003] The present invention relates to a controller for a continuously variable transmission that is particularly suitable for use in vehicles.

[0004] (2) Description of the Related Art

[0005] Vehicles with a continuously variable transmission (CVT) have hitherto been put to practical use and are able to enhance fuel consumption while preventing a shock that is caused in changing vehicle speed.

[0006] The continuously variable transmission is designed so that stepless speed ratios are obtained. The speed ratios, as shown in FIG. 6, are produced based on a basic speed ratio R_B100 previously set according to a vehicle speed Vs. If the accelerator pedal is depressed, the basic speed ratio R_B100 is shifted (see dashed lines) Note that in the case of gasoline engines, throttle opening may be used instead of accelerator pedal position.

[0007] When the vehicle speed Vs is being held constant, there are cases where engine output control (e.g., control of throttle opening) interferes with speed ratio control relative to the CVT. The interference between them will be explained in detail in the following example. In this concrete example, it is assumed that engine output is controlled by a cruise control system. The continuously variable transmission is controlled by a CVT controller. The engine is a gasoline engine with an electronically controlled throttle valve.

[0008] For instance, the driver sets a target speed to a speed of 60 km/h. In this case, when the vehicle is traveling on a level road at a constant speed, the cruise control system controls the throttle valve so that it is opened according to the target speed.

[0009] Thereafter, if the vehicle begins to go up a slope, the vehicle speed will be reduced. Because of this, the cruise control system opens the throttle valve wider in order to maintain a speed of 60 km/h.

[0010] As a result, the vehicle speed reaches a speed of 60 km/h, but since the throttle valve is opened wider, the CVT controller controls the continuously variable transmission so that the speed ratio becomes higher (see a dashed arrow in FIG. 6). Because of this, the driving torque will increase and therefore the vehicle speed will exceed a speed of 60 km/h.

[0011] Therefore, the cruise control system reduces the throttle opening to maintain a speed of 60 km/h which is the target vehicle speed. The reduction in the throttle opening then causes the CVT controller to control the continuously variable transmission so that the speed ratio becomes lower. As a result, the driving torque will be reduced and the vehicle speed cannot maintain a speed of 60 km/h.

[0012] Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. hei 11-314536 discloses a technique for preventing the engine output control from interfering with the speed ratio control relative to the CVT during travel at a constant speed.

[0013] The technique shown in the aforementioned Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication, however, requires mathematical modeling of a vehicle and a control program therefor, which are fairly difficult and time-consuming. Moreover, fine adjustments to them involve considerable time, labor, and costs.

[0014] The present invention has been made in view of the circumstances described above. Accordingly, it is the primary object of the present invention to provide a structurally simpler controller for a continuously variable transmission which is capable of preventing the engine output control from interfering with the speed ratio control relative to the CVT during travel at a constant speed.

[0015] To achieve this end, there is provided a controller for a continuously variable transmission mounted in a vehicle which has an engine and a cruise control system for maintaining a target vehicle speed. The controller comprises three major components: (1) basic speed ratio setting means for setting a basic speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission based on the target vehicle speed; (2) adjustment speed ratio setting means for sequentially setting an adjustment speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission based on a target torque interrelated value which is a value interrelated with a target torque of the engine; and (3) speed ratio control means for controlling the continuously variable transmission so that an actual speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission becomes equal to a target speed ratio obtained by adding the adjustment speed ratio set by the adjustment speed ratio setting means to the basic speed ratio set by the basic speed ratio setting means. The aforementioned adjustment speed ratio setting means includes (1) adjustment speed ratio increasing means for progressively increasing the adjustment speed ratio according to an increase in the target torque interrelated value only when the target torque interrelated value is increased and when an operating point determined by the target torque interrelated value and adjustment speed ratio is present on a first operating area; and (2) adjustment speed ratio decreasing means for progressively decreasing the adjustment speed ratio according to a decrease in the target torque interrelated value only when the target torque interrelated value is decreased and when the operating point is present on a second operating area. When the operating point is present within a third operating area between the first operating area and the second operating area, the adjustment speed ratio setting means maintains the adjustment speed ratio that is set finally.

[0016] Thus, with a simpler construction, the engine output control can be prevented from interfering with the speed ratio control relative to the CVT during travel at a constant speed.

[0024] Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown a controller for a continuously variable transmission constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, a vehicle 10 includes a gasoline engine (hereinafter referred to simply as an engine (E/G)) 11 and a continuously variable transmission (CVT) 12 by which torque output from the engine 11 is transmitted to driving wheels 13. The engine 11 is equipped with an electronically controlled throttle valve (not shown), its throttle opening being controlled by an engine electronic control unit (E/G-ECU) 20 to be described later.

[0025] The vehicle 10 further includes a cruise control system 14 that can be switched on to maintain a target vehicle speed V_S-T without the use of the accelerator pedal. The cruise control system 14 is connected with the engine 11 and CVT 12 and is mainly equipped with the E/G-ECU 20 and a CVT electronic control unit (CVT-ECU) 30.

[0026] The cruise control system 14 is further connected with a manipulation panel (target vehicle speed setting means) 40, through which the driver's demands are input to the system 14.

[0027] Among these components, the E/G-ECU 20 is an electronic control unit equipped with interfaces, memory devices, a central processing unit, etc., and includes a target torque setting unit (target torque setting means) 21. Based on a difference between the target vehicle speed V_S-T and an actual vehicle speed V_S-A, the target torque setting unit 21 calculates a target torque T_Q-T so that the vehicle 10 can travel at the target vehicle speed V_S-T. This target torque setting unit 21 is realized as software.

[0028] The target vehicle speed V_S-T can be input by the driver via the manipulation panel 40 mounted in a steering wheel (not shown). An actual vehicle speed V_S-A is detected by an actual vehicle speed detecting unit 31 that is to be described later.

[0029] The target torque setting unit 21 calculates a target throttle opening θ_TH-T (which is a value interrelated with a target torque) for obtaining the calculated target torque T_Q-T, and controls the electronically controlled throttle valve (not shown) of the engine 11 so that the throttle opening of the throttle valve becomes the target throttle opening θ_TH-T.

[0030] The CVT-ECU 30, as with the E/G-ECU 20, is an electronic control unit equipped with interfaces, memory devices, a central processing unit, etc., and controls the continuously variable transmission 12 to obtain stepless speed ratios. The CVT-ECU 30 includes an actual vehicle speed detecting unit 31, a basic speed ratio setting unit 32, a target addition speed ratio setting unit 34, an actual addition speed ratio setting unit 36, and a speed ratio control unit 37, these units being realized as software.

[0031] Among these units, the actual vehicle speed detecting unit 31 calculates an actual vehicle speed V_S-A of the vehicle 10 based on a detection signal from a vehicle speed sensor (not shown).

[0032] The basic speed ratio setting unit (basic speed ratio setting means) 32 sets the basic speed ratio R_B of the continuously variable transmission 12 based on the target vehicle speed V_S-T input via the manipulation panel 40 by the driver. This basic speed ratio R_B is obtained according to a basic speed ratio map 33 (see FIG. 2) incorporated in the basic speed ratio setting unit 32.

[0033] The target addition speed ratio setting unit 34 sets a target addition speed ratio R_A-T, based on an operating point that is determined by a target throttle opening θ_TH-T set by the target torque setting unit 21 of the E/G-ECU 20 and an actual addition speed ratio (actual adjustment speed ratio) R_A-A detected by the actual addition speed ratio setting unit 36 (described later). More specifically, the target addition speed ratio R_A-T is obtained according to a target addition speed ratio map 35 (adjustment speed ratio map (FIG. 3)) incorporated in the target addition speed ratio setting unit 34. The setting of the target addition speed ratio R_A-T by the target addition speed ratio setting unit 34 is sequentially executed at extremely short intervals. The target addition speed ratio map 35 combines two functions; it acts both as adjustment speed ratio increasing means and as adjustment speed ratio decreasing means.

[0034] As shown in FIG. 5, the target addition speed ratio (adjustment speed ratio) R_A-T is added to the basic speed ratio R_B obtained by the basic speed ratio setting means 32. The addition of the target addition speed ratio R_A-T to the basic speed ratio R_B obtains a speed ratio (target speed ratio) R_T of the continuously variable transmission 12.

[0035] That is, in the preferred embodiment, the basic speed ratio R_B is constant, whereas the target addition speed ratio R_A-T varies with the target throttle opening θ_TH-T. By adding the target addition speed ratio R_A-T to the basic speed ratio R_B, the target speed ratio R_T is set. Note the setting of the target speed ratio R_T is performed by the speed ratio control unit 37 to be described later.

[0036] As shown in FIG. 3, the target addition speed ratio map 35 has a minimum target addition speed ratio (minimum value) R_A-min and a maximum target addition speed ratio (maximum value) R_A-Max. The minimum speed ratio R_A-min and maximum speed ratio R_A-max satisfy the following Eq. (1):
R_A-min<R_A-max  (1)

[0037] The target addition speed ratio map 35 further has a first target throttle opening θ_TH-T1, a second target throttle opening θ_TH-T2, a third target throttle opening θ_TH-T3, and a fourth target throttle opening θ_TH-T4, which are the threshold values of the target throttle opening θ_TH-T. These are set so as to satisfy the following Eq. (2):
θ_TH-T1<θ_TH-T2<θ_TH-T3<θ_TH-T4  (2)

[0038] The target addition speed ratio map 35 further has a speed ratio decreasing line (adjustment speed ratio decreasing means) L₄, a speed ratio increasing line (adjustment speed ratio increasing means) L₂, a maximum clipping line L₅, and a minimum clipping line L₆.

[0039] Among these lines, the speed ratio decreasing line (adjustment speed ratio decreasing line) L₄ is a line linking points C and D shown in FIG. 3, that is, a straight line linking the second target throttle opening θ_TH-T2 at the maximum speed ratio R_A-max with the first target throttle opening θ_TH-T2 at the minimum speed ratio R_A-min. The speed ratio decreasing line L₄ is inclined at an angle θ₁ to the horizontal axis (axis of the target throttle opening θ_TH-T).

[0040] Only in the case where the target throttle opening θ_TH-T is decreased under the speed ratio decreasing line L₄, as shown by a narrow Y₄ in FIG. 4, the target addition speed ratio R_A-T is set along the speed ratio decreasing line L₄. Therefore, if the target throttle opening θ_TH-T is increased over the speed ratio decreasing line L₄, the line L₄ has no influence on calculation of the target addition speed ratio R_A-T. Note that the speed ratio decreasing line L₄ has a second operating area thereon.

[0041] The speed ratio increasing line (adjustment speed ratio increasing line) L₂ is a line linking points B and A shown in FIG. 3, that is, a straight line linking the fourth target throttle opening θ_TH-T4 at the maximum speed ratio R_A-man with the third target throttle opening θ_TH-T3 at the minimum speed ratio R_A-min. The speed ratio increasing line L₂ is inclined at an angle θ₂ to the horizontal axis (axis of the target throttle opening θ_TH-T).

[0042] In this embodiment, the angle θ₁ of the speed ratio decreasing line L₄ to the axis of the target throttle opening θ_TH-T is equal to the angle θ₂ of the speed ratio increasing line L₂. In other words, the speed ratio decreasing line L₄ is set parallel to the speed ratio increasing line L₂.

[0043] Only in the case where the target throttle opening θ_TH-T is increased over the speed ratio increasing line L₄, as shown by a narrow Y₂in FIG. 4, the target addition speed ratio R_A-T is set along the speed ratio increasing line L₂. Therefore, if the target throttle opening θ_TH-T is decreased under the speed ratio increasing line L₂, the line L₂ has no influence on calculation of the target addition speed ratio R_A-T. Note that the speed ratio increasing line L₂ has a first operating area thereon.

[0044] The maximum clipping line L₅ is a straight line extending from the fourth target throttle opening θ_TH-T4 (point B) in the direction of increasing the target throttle opening θ_TH-T along the maximum speed ratio R_A-max. If the target throttle opening θ_TH-T exceeds the fourth target throttle opening θ_TH-T4, the target addition speed ratio R_A-T is clipped at the maximum speed ratio R_A-max.

[0045] The minimum clipping line L₆ is a straight line linking the origin with the first target throttle opening θ_TH-T1 (point D). If the target throttle opening θ_TH-T is decreased under the first target throttle opening θ_TH-T1, the target addition speed ratio R_A-T is clipped at the minimum speed ratio RA_A-min.

[0046] The target addition speed ratio map 35 further has a third operating area Z₁, which is defined by (1) a minimum speed ratio line L₁ linking the first throttle opening θ_TH-T (point D) at the minimum speed ratio R_A-min with the third throttle opening θ_TH-T3 (point A) at the minimum speed ratio R_A-min, (2) a maximum speed ratio line L₃ linking the second throttle opening θ_TH-T2 (point C) at the maximum speed ratio R_A-max with the fourth throttle opening θ_TH-T4 (point B) at the maximum speed ratio R_A-max, (3) a speed ratio decreasing line L₄ linking the first throttle opening θ_TH-T1 (point D) at the minimum speed ratio R_A-min with the second throttle opening θ_TH-T2 (point C) at the maximum speed ratio R_A-max, and (4) a speed ratio increasing line L₂ linking the third throttle opening θ_TH-T3 (point A) at the minimum speed ratio R_A-min with the fourth throttle opening θ_TH-T4 (point B) at the maximum speed ratio R_A-max.

[0047] In the third operating area Z₁, regardless of the magnitude of the target throttle opening θ_TH-T, an actual addition speed ratio (actual adjustment speed ratio) R_A-A maintains the target addition speed ratio R_A-T that was set last time.

[0048] The actual addition speed ratio detecting unit 36 is used to detect an actual addition speed ratio R_A-A which is the current target addition speed ratio. More specifically, the detecting unit 36 regards as an actual addition speed ratio R_A-A the target addition speed ratio R_A-T set last time by the addition speed ratio setting unit 34 that sequentially calculates a target addition speed ratio R_A-T at extremely short intervals.

[0049] The speed ratio control unit (speed ratio control means) 37, as shown in FIG. 5, adds a target addition speed ratio R_A-T set by the target addition speed ratio setting unit 34 to a basic speed ratio R_B set by the basic speed ratio setting unit 32, thereby obtaining a target speed ratio R_T. The speed ratio control unit 37 controls the CVT 12 so that the speed ratio of the CVT 12 becomes equal to the target speed ratio R_T obtained in the aforementioned manner.

[0050] Since the CVT controller of the preferred embodiment is constructed as described above, it possesses the following operation and advantages. A description will be given in the case where the target throttle opening θ_TH-T varies as shown by θ_THE, θ_THF, θ_THG, θ_THH, θ_THJ, and θ_THK in FIG. 4.

[0051] Initially, consider the case where since the target addition speed ratio setting unit 34 has not calculated a target addition speed ratio R_A-T yet, the target addition speed ratio (i.e., actual addition speed ratio) R_A-A obtained last time is zero, and where the target throttle opening θ_TH-T increases progressively from zero to θ_THE. In this case, until the target throttle opening θ_TH-T increases from zero to the first target opening θ_TH-T1, the target addition speed ratio R_A-T remains zero.

[0052] Thereafter, until the target throttle opening θ_TH-T increases from the first target opening θ_TH-T1 to the third target opening θ_TH-T3, the target addition speed ratio R_A-T remains at the actual addition speed ratio R_A-A. That is, it is maintained at the minimum speed ratio R_A-min.

[0053] Thereafter, until the target throttle opening θ_TH-T increases to θ_THE, the target addition speed ratio R_A-T increases progressively along the speed ratio increasing line L₂ from the minimum speed ratio R_A-min to a value indicated at R_A1 (see the speed ratio increasing line L₂ between points A and E and arrow Y₂).

[0054] Next, consider the case where the target throttle opening θ_TH-T is reduced to zero, from the state in which the actual addition speed ratio R_A-A is R_A1 and the target throttle opening θ_TH-T is θ_THE (point E in FIG. 4). In this case, until the target throttle opening θ_TH-T reaches the speed ratio decreasing line L₄, the target addition speed ratio R_A-T is maintained at a predetermined actual addition speed ratio (R_A1) (see an arrow Y₅). After the target throttle opening θ_TH-T reaches the speed ratio decreasing line L₄ (see point H), the target addition speed ratio R_A-T is progressively decreased along the speed ratio decreasing line L₄ (see the speed ratio decreasing line L₄ between points H and D and arrow Y₄). Thereafter, if the target throttle opening θ_TH-T reaches θ_TH-T1, the target addition speed ratio R_A-T becomes the minimum speed ratio R_A-min (see point D). If the target throttle opening θ_TH-T is further reduced, the target addition speed ratio R_A-T is clipped at the minimum speed ratio R_A-min (see the minimum clipping line L₆).

[0055] Next, consider the case where the target throttle opening θ_TH-T is progressively increased to θ_THF, from the state in which the actual addition speed ratio R_A-A is R_A1 and the target throttle opening θ_TH-T is θ_THH (see point H in FIG. 4).

[0056] In this case, regardless of an increase in the target throttle opening θ_TH-T, the target addition speed ratio R_A-T remains at R_A1 without being increased from point H along the speed ratio decreasing line L₄. This is because, only when the target throttle opening θ_TH-T is decreased under the speed ratio decreasing line L₄, the target addition speed ratio R_A-T is set along the speed ratio decreasing line L₄ (see an arrow Y₄). Therefore, when the target throttle opening θ_TH-T is increased over the speed ratio decreasing line L₄, the line L₄ has no influence on calculation of the target addition speed ratio R_A-T.

[0057] Because of this, as indicated by an arrow Y₅, the target addition speed ratio R_A-T remains at R_A1 until it reaches the speed ratio increasing line L₂ (point E) that forms the right side of a parallelogram (third operating area Z₁). Thereafter, if the target throttle opening θ_TH-T is increased over θ_THE, the target addition speed ratio R_A-T is progressively increased along the speed ratio increasing line L₂ and reaches R_A2 (point F).

[0058] Next, consider the case where the target throttle opening θ_TH-T is progressively increased to θ_THJ, from the state in which the target throttle opening θ_TH-T is θ_THG and the actual addition speed ratio R_A-A is R_A2 (see point G in FIG. 4).

[0059] In this case, as indicated by an arrow Y₆, the target addition speed ratio R_A-T remains at R_A2 until it reaches the speed ratio increasing line L₂ (point F). Thereafter, until the target throttle opening θ_TH-T reaches the fourth target opening θ_TH-T4, the target addition speed ratio R_A-T is progressively increased along the speed ratio increasing line L₂. Thereafter, until the target throttle opening θ_TH-T is increased from the fourth target opening θ_TH-T4 to θ_THJ, the target addition speed ratio R_A-T is clipped at the maximum speed ratio R_A-max (see the maximum clipping line L₅).

[0060] Next, consider the case where the target throttle opening θ_TH-T is progressively reduced to θ_THF, from the state in which the target throttle opening θ_TH-T is θ_THJ and the actual addition speed ratio R_A-A is R_A-max (see point J).

[0061] In this case, even when the target throttle opening θ_TH-T is decreased under the fourth target opening θ_TH-T4, the target addition speed ratio R_A-T remains at R_A-max, as indicated by an arrow Y₃. This is because, only in the case where the target throttle opening θ_TH-T is increased over the speed ratio increasing line L₂, the target addition speed ratio R_A-T is set along the speed ratio increasing line L₂ (see an arrow Y₂). Therefore, when the target throttle opening θ_TH-T is decreased under the speed ratio increasing line L₂ from θ_TH-T4, the line L₂ has no influence on the setting of the target addition speed ratio R_A-T.

[0062] Thus, according to the CVT controller of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the target addition speed ratio map 35 is provided with the third operating area Z₁, which is defined by the speed ratio decreasing line L₄, speed ratio increasing line L₂, maximum clipping line L₅, and minimum clipping line L₆. When an operating point, determined by the actual addition speed ratio R_A-A and target throttle opening θ_TH-T, is present within the third operating area Z₁, the target addition speed ratio R_A-T is maintained at the actual addition speed ratio R_A-A. Consequently, with a simpler construction, the interference between the output control relative to the engine 11 and the speed ratio control relative to the CVT 12 can be prevented and, at the same time, the occurrence of a shock that is caused in changing vehicle speed can be suppressed.

[0063] The target addition speed ratio map 35 is also provided with the speed ratio decreasing line L₄. Therefore, if the target throttle opening θ_TH-T is decreased under the speed ratio decreasing line L₄, the target addition speed ratio R_A-T can be progressively decreased. This can prevent the driving force of the vehicle 10 from becoming too great and enhance fuel consumption.

[0064] The target addition speed ratio map 35 is further provided with the speed ratio increasing line L₂. Therefore, if the target throttle opening θ_TH-T is increased over the speed ratio increasing line L₂, the target addition speed ratio R_A-T can be progressively increased. This can prevent the driving force of the vehicle 10 from becoming too small. For instance, even when the vehicle 10 travels on an upward slope, the required driving force can be attained.

[0065] As shown in FIG. 3, the speed ratio decreasing line L₄ is set at an angle θ₁ to the axis of the target throttle opening θ_TH-T. Similarly, the speed ratio increasing line L₂ is set at an angle θ₂ to the axis of the target throttle opening θ_TH-T.

[0066] Therefore, setting the target addition speed ratio R_A-T along the speed ratio decreasing line L₄ or speed ratio increasing line L₂ makes it possible to set the target addition speed ratio R_A-T gentle. Therefore, when the vehicle speed V_s is being held constant by the cruise control system 14, adjustments to the vehicle speed V_s by adjustments to the target throttle opening θ_TH-T can have priority over the speed ratio control of the CVT 12. As a result, since a rapid increase in the target addition speed ratio R_A-T can be prevented, suitable driving torque can be obtained, while avoiding a shock that is caused in changing vehicle speed.

[0067] The target addition speed ratio map 35 is provided with the minimum clipping line L₆ which, if the target throttle opening θ_TH-T is decreased under the first target opening θ_TH-T1, makes the target addition speed ratio R_A-T constant at the minimum speed ratio R_A-min. The target addition speed ratio map 35 is also provided with the maximum clipping line L₅ which, if the target throttle opening θ_TH-T is increased over the fourth target opening θ_TH-T4, makes the target addition speed ratio R_A-T constant at the maximum speed ratio R_A-max.

[0068] This makes it possible to provide simpler control for obtaining the target addition speed ratio R_A-T while avoiding the occurrence of a shock which is caused in changing vehicle speed.

[0069] In addition, the minimum speed ratio R_A-min is set to zero. Therefore, when the target addition speed ratio R_A-T is the minimum speed ratio R_A-min, it is not necessary to add the target addition speed ratio R_A-T to the basic speed ratio R_B. The target speed ratio R_T can be obtained by the basic speed ratio R_B alone, so that control for obtaining the target speed ratio R_T can be made simpler.

[0070] While the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiment thereof, the invention is not to be limited to the details given herein, but may be modified within the scope of the invention hereinafter claimed.

[0071] For example, in the preferred embodiment, while the target torque setting unit 21 is provided in the E/G-ECU 20, the present invention is not limited to this construction. The target torque setting unit 21 may be provided in the CVT-ECU 30.

[0072] In the preferred embodiment, while the throttle valve of the engine 11 is electronically controlled, the present invention is not limited to this construction.

[0073] In the preferred embodiment, the target torque interrelated value employs the target throttle opening θ_TH-T. However, it may employ an accelerator pedal position. In the case of diesel engines, a fuel injection quantity may be employed.

[0074] The advantage of employing an accelerator pedal position as the target torque interrelated value is that the engine may be a gasoline engine or diesel engine. The advantage of employing a throttle opening as the target torque interrelated value is that a target torque for a gasoline engine can be accurately calculated. The advantage of employing a fuel injection quantity as the target torque interrelated value is that a target torque for a diesel engine can be accurately calculated.

[0075] In the preferred embodiment, while the target addition speed ratio setting unit 34 employs the target addition speed ratio map 35 to realize the aforementioned control, the present invention is not limited to this construction. For instance, a logic corresponding to the target addition speed ratio map 35 may be realized by a sequencer, etc.

[0076] In the preferred embodiment, although the angle θ₁ of the speed ratio decreasing line L₄ relative to the axis of the target throttle opening θ_TH-T is equal to the angle θ₂ of the speed ratio increasing line L₂ relative to the axis of the target throttle opening θ_TH-T, the present invention is not limited to this arrangement.

[0077] For example, if the angles θ₁ and θ₂ are made smaller, speed ratios can be gently increased or decreased. On the other hand, if the angles θ₁ and θ₂ are made greater, speed ratios can be steeply increased or decreased. Therefore, the setting of the angle θ₁ or θ₂ makes it possible to perform fine adjustments to the drive feel.

[0078] If the angles θ₁ and θ₂ are set so that they differ from each other, a response to the accelerator pedal can be varied between deceleration and acceleration and therefore even finer adjustments to the drive feel are possible.