US 7,480,501 B2Grant

System and method for transmitting an emergency message over an integrated wireless network

Issue Date:2009-01-20

•48 Claims

•7 Drawing Sheets

Abstract

An emergency message system provides a system and method for generating and transmitting emergency messages. In one embodiment, the emergency message system employs a transceiver network with a plurality transceivers coupled to monitoring devices residing at a plurality of customer premises. Control room operators receive an emergency message from an identifiable transceiver. The transceiver, identified by an identification code, indicates a location and the nature of the emergency condition so that the control operators may request appropriate emergency assistance.

Metadata

Assignee

Statsignal IPC, LLC

Inventor

Thomas D. Petite

Application Information

Application Number:US 10/000,477

Filing Date:2001-10-24

Priority Date:2001-10-24

Art Unit:2617

Classifications

IPC:

H04M3/00

Patent Drawings (7 sheets)

Description

Background of the Invention

[0001] 1. Field of the Invention

[0002] The present invention generally relates to communicating emergency messages and, in particular, to a system and method for generating and transmitting an emergency message through an integrated wireless communication network.

[0003] 2. Related Art

[0004] Emergency messages are generated to indicate that a person is in need of assistance or that an emergency condition is present at property. The emergency message is transmitted to parties capable of rendering assistance.

[0005] One example of a conventional personal emergency message is a 911 telephone call. Emergency 911 telephone calls are quickly directed to switchboard operators who are trained to determine the nature of the emergency condition, to determine which type of assistance is required and who should provide the assistance (e.g. firemen, paramedics, police), and where the emergency assistance should be directed to such that the person making the 911 telephone call receives appropriate and timely assistance.

[0006] However, emergency 911 telephone calls are limited in the ability to obtain information from the caller requesting emergency assistance. First, the caller must be able to verbally communicate the nature of the emergency to the switchboard operator. Thus, additional information that may be important could, in some instances, not be available if the caller can not talk or is having difficulty communicating. Second, location information can be determined if the telephone is a fixed location type device that can be traced to a known location or address. The location of Cellular and mobile telephones can not be determined unless the caller is capable of telling the operator where the caller is calling from. Furthermore, in many situations, it would be advantageous to have access to other types of information regarding the person calling for emergency assistance. Some illustrative examples of such information includes persons to contact in an emergency, doctor's name, home address or allergies.

[0007] Another example of a conventional emergency message is an alarm from a home or business security system. Various automated detection devices sense conditions within the home or business, and summon emergency assistance in the event that one of the monitored parameter are violated. Examples include smoke detected by a smoke detector, opening of a door or window detected by a contact sensor, pressure detected by a pressure sensor, sound detected by a sound sensor, breaking of an infrared light beam detected by an infrared detector and/or motion detected by a motion sensor. Detection of a violation of a monitored parameter may indicate an emergency situation where emergency assistance should be provided to the monitored home or business. Additionally, there may be a personal help request device, such as a panic alarm, special entry code entered on a key pad, a touch button or the like that is configured to indicate that a person in the home or building requires emergency assistance.

[0008] However, such conventional home or business security systems are not secure in that such conventional systems communicate with the security monitoring personnel over a conventional telephone system. Thus, damage to the serving telephone system may prevent delivery of the emergency message. For example, an intruder may sever the telephone lines prior to entry into the home or business. Or, a fire may disable the outside phone lines before the fire spreads into the home or building.

[0009] Also, such conventional home or business security systems are labor intensive and expensive to install. Hard wire connections are installed between each detecting device and a central security control box. The control box, coupled to the telephone system, is configured to dial up the security monitoring personnel to request emergency assistance when one of the detectors detects a violation of the monitored criteria. Therefore, many hours of installation labor is required to install even a relatively simple home or business security system.

[0010] Additionally, such conventional home or business security systems are not automatically configured to contact selected persons when one of the detectors detects a violation of the monitored parameter. Some security monitoring services do call predefined telephone numbers to notify a person of the request for emergency assistance. For example, a homeowner may be called at work by the person monitoring the security system. However, if the homeowner is not at the work telephone, the homeowner may not be timely notified.

[0011] Furthermore, such conventional home or business security systems are not configured to receive and respond to remote communications from the homeowner or business employee. For example, the homeowner may desire to authorize a new security password on a temporary basis. Or, the homeowner may desire to remotely deactivate (or activate) the security system rather than having to enter the home to manually enter, via a keyboard, the security password. Furthermore, such passwords must be manually entered within a limited time period (otherwise, an intrusion into the home is assumed). The limited time provided for entering the security code may be particularly inconvenient when the person is bringing into the house (or removing from the house) a number of items, such as boxes, packages, furniture and/or children.

[0012] Thus, a heretofore unaddressed need exists in the industry for providing an emergency message system that more accurately indicates the nature, location and other pertinent information of an emergency situation. Also, there is a heretofore unaddressed need in the industry to provide a less expensive to install emergency message home or business security system. Also, there is a heretofore unaddressed need to provide a more convenient and effective emergency message system.

Summary of the Invention

[0013] The present invention overcomes the inadequacies and deficiencies of the prior art as discussed hereinabove. One embodiment of the present invention, an emergency message system, provides a system and method for providing an emergency message such that the appropriate emergency assistance is dispatched in response to the emergency message. The emergency message system employs a transceiver network with a plurality transceivers. A plurality of transceivers are coupled to detection devices at a plurality of customer premises. In one embodiment, one transceiver is coupled to one detection device. The transceivers each have unique identification codes. In one embodiment, transceivers broadcast to and receive radio frequency (RF) signals. A site controller provides communications between the plurality of transceiver units and an emergency message management controller residing in an emergency message system control center.

[0014] One embodiment of the present invention can also be viewed as providing a method for communication emergency messages. In this regard, the method can be broadly summarized by the following steps. Generating an emergency message with an emergency message transceiver having at least an identification code uniquely assigned to the emergency message transceiver, and communicating the emergency message from the emergency message transceiver to a network transceiver such that the emergency message is communicated over an intermediate communication system to an emergency message management controller.

[0015] Another embodiment of the present invention can be broadly summarized by the following steps. Receiving an emergency message broadcasted from an emergency message transceiver having at least an identification code uniquely assigned to the emergency message transceiver, determining information relevant to the received emergency message by associating the information with the identification code of the emergency message transceiver, and communicating the emergency message and the relevant information such that assistance is summoned in response to the received emergency message.

[0016] Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to one skilled in the art upon examination of the following detailed description, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is intended that all such features and advantages be included herein within the scope of the present invention and protected by the claims.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0017] The invention can be better understood with reference to the following drawings. The elements of the drawings are not necessarily to scale relative to each other, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the invention. Furthermore, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several views.

[0018] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a portion of a plurality transceivers residing transceiver network configured to detect and communicate emergency messages.

[0019] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating selected transceivers coupled to monitoring devices coupled to the transceivers of FIG. 1.

[0020] FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating selected components of an emergency message system control center in communication with the transceiver network of FIG. 1.

[0021] FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating alternative intermediate communication systems employed by the emergency message system of FIGS. 1-3.

[0022] FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of an emergency message transceiver coupled to an always-on appliance unit residing in the customer premises.

[0023] FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a personal emergency message transceiver.

[0024] FIG. 7 is a flow chart 700 illustrating a process for communicating an emergency message generated by one of the transceivers of FIGS. 1-2 and 4-6.

Detailed Description

a. Overview of the Emergency Message System

[0025] In general, the present invention relates to a system and method for communicating an emergency message that is transmitted from a transceiver, through a transceiver network, to an emergency message system control center so that emergency assistance is dispatched in response to the emergency message. The emergency message, in one embodiment, is generated in response to a monitor detecting a violation of a monitored criteria. In other embodiments, the emergency message is generated in response to actuation of a personal emergency message device, a 911 call or upon detection of other signals indicating an emergency condition.

[0026] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a portion of a transceiver network 100 having a plurality transceivers. Preferably, transceivers 102a-102f (emergency message transceivers) are configured to selectively broadcast and/or receive emergency messages using radio frequency (RF) signals. A site controller 104 provides communications between a transceiver unit 106, via connection 108, and the emergency message system control center 300 (FIG. 3), via connection 110.

[0027] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of an emergency message transceiver system with transceivers 202a-202f coupled to detection devices 204a-204f residing in one of the exemplary customer premises of FIG. 1. The customer premises 200 includes a wall-mounted base station 206 to form an integrated security system 208.

[0028] Transceivers 202a-202f detect signals generated by the detection devices 204a-204f that indicate a violation of a monitored parameter, described in greater detail below. In response to receiving a signal from its respective detection device, the transceiver 202a-202f transmits an emergency message via an RF signal 210 that is detected by transmitter station 212. Transmitter station 212, located on a suitable high point, such as a tower 116 (see also FIG. 1), transmits an RF signal 216 to the transceiver unit 106. The transceiver unit 106 communicates the emergency message to the site controller 104 such that the emergency message is relayed on to the emergency message system control center 300 (FIG. 3).

[0029] FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating selected components of an emergency message system control center 300 in communication with the transceiver network 100 (FIG. 1). The received emergency messages are received by an emergency message management controller 302, described in greater detail below. The emergency message control room operators 304 receive a processed emergency message from the emergency message management controller 302 and initiate appropriate actions in response to the received emergency message. For example, an emergency message received from the customer premises may indicate the presence of a fire. The emergency message control room operators 304 would then place a request to the local fire department to render assistance at the customer premises 200.

b. Emergency Message Transceiver System Environment

[0030] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a portion of a transceiver network 100 in communication with a plurality of transceivers 102a-102f (emergency message transceivers) residing at a plurality of customer premises 103a-103f, respectively. For convenience of illustration, and for convenience of explaining the operation and functionality of the emergency message system, only a few customer premises are illustrated on FIG. 1. A customer premise may be a home, a business or other location. Furthermore, for convenience of illustration, only one transceiver is illustrated at a customer premises 103a-103f. Typically, a plurality of transceivers would be coupled to a corresponding number of devices at the customer premises, one transceiver per device, as will be described in greater detail below.

[0031] An emergency message system is configured to receive emergency messages, in a manner described below, from many hundreds of transceivers, even many thousands of transceivers, depending upon the particular architecture that the emergency message system is implemented in. Therefore, the explanation of the operation and functionality of the emergency message system described below is limited to a small segment of the transceiver network 100 for convenience.

[0032] A first group of customer premises 103a-103f, each have at least one transceiver 102a-102f, respectively. Each transceiver 102a-102f has a unique, predefined identification code that resides in a memory in the transceiver.

[0033] An emergency message transmitted from any one of the transceivers 102a-102f is relayed to the emergency message management controller 302 (FIG. 3) via one or more of the transceiver stations 112a-112c. Preferably, the transceivers broadcast the emergency message using a suitable radio frequency (RF) signal. The emergency message includes at least the identification code of the transceiver generating the emergency message.

[0034] For example, transceivers 102a, 102b and 102c are illustrated as transmitting emergency messages via RF signals 114a, 114b and 114c, respectively. Similarly, transceivers 102d, 102e and 102f broadcast emergency messages to transceiver station 112b via RF signals 114d, 114e and 114f, respectively. A transceiver (not shown) in transceiver station 112a is illustrated as communicating a pollution information message to transceiver station 112b via signal 118a. The transceivers 102a-102f, and/or transceivers residing in the transceiver stations 112a- 112c, may be identical to each other or be configured to have different characteristics, such as different bandwidths, frequencies and/or signal broadcast strengths.

[0035] Each of the transceiver stations 112a- 112c detects a broadcasted emergency message from a broadcasting transceiver 102a-102f, depending upon the strength of the broadcasted emergency message and the distance of the transceiver station 112a-112c from the broadcasting transceiver. That is, a transceiver station 112a-112c detects broadcasted emergency messages from any transceivers and/or any transceiver stations in its reception range. Preferably, transceiver stations 112a-112c reside at a suitably elevated location, such as on a tower 116, high building, mountain top or the like to facilitate reception and transmission of emergency messages. Emergency messages from the transceivers 102a-102f are relayed by the transceiver stations 112a-112c to the transceiver unit 106 via RF signals 118a-118c. Each transceiver station has a transceiver (network transceiver) configured to communicate emergency messages with the transceivers 102a-102f, transceiver stations, and/or at least one transceiver unit 106. The transceivers residing in the transceiver station may be the same as one of the transceivers 102a-102f, or be configured to have different characteristics such as different bandwidths, frequencies and/or signal broadcast strengths. In some applications, a unique identification code associated with the broadcasting transceiver station is added to the emergency message.

[0036] For example, an emergency message detected by the transceiver station 112a is relayed to the transceiver station 112c via RF signal 118a. The emergency message is then relayed by the transceiver station 112c to the transceiver unit 106 via RF signal 115c. Similarly, an emergency message detected by the transceiver station 112b is relayed to the transceiver station 112c via RF signal 118b. Then, the emergency signal is relayed by the transceiver station 112c to the transceiver unit 106 via RF signal 118c.

[0037] One embodiment of the emergency message control system employs transceivers that use standardized digital communication formats such that the information is communicated as packetized units of digital data. Other embodiments employ other suitable communication formats. Other suitable communication formats may be either digital or analog signals.

[0038] The transceiver unit 106 converts received emergency messages into a suitable communication signal formatted for communication over a hardwire connection 108. In one embodiment, the transceiver unit 106 formats the received broadcasted RF emergency messages into a standardized RF 232 signal. Another embodiment converts the received emergency messages into a standardized RS 485 signal. A transceiver unit 106 may be configured to convert the received emergency messages from the transceivers 102a-102f and/or transceiver stations 112a-112c of the transceiver network 100 into any suitable signal for transmission over a hardwire interconnection, such as, but not limited to, a metallic conductor, a coaxial cable, an optical fiber cable or the like. In some applications, a unique identification code associated with the transceiver unit 106 is added to the emergency message.

[0039] When transceivers (not shown) at many additional customer premises (not shown) are integrated into the transceiver network 100, one skilled in the art will appreciate that a large network of transceivers will be able to communicate emergency messages to the emergency message management controller 302. For convenience of illustration, only a limited number of customer premises 103a-103f are illustrated in FIG. 1. Many other customer premises may be incorporated into the transceiver network 100 such that all of the transceivers of the customer premises are communicating to the emergency message management controller 302 via the transceiver network 100.

[0040] A portion of the transceiver network 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 is configured according to the strength of the broadcasted RF signals 114a-114f from the plurality of transceivers 102a-102f, and the strength of the broadcasted signals 118a-118c from the plurality of transceiver stations 112a-112c. Thus, many more customer premises can be configured to communicate with any number of a plurality of transceiver units located out in a serviced area. For example, a transceiver unit 120 is illustrated coupled to the site controller 104 via connection 122. Transceiver unit 120 is configured to communicate with another transceiver network (not shown). Thus, transceiver unit 120 may serve one geographic region and transceiver unit 106 may service a different geographic region. Cut-away line 124 indicates separation of the geographic regions. However, the geographic regions are, in reality, artificial in that any transceiver may communicate with any other transceiver unit so long as its broadcast signal strength is sufficient to be detected by the transceiver unit. Thus, any boundary associated with a geographic reign is easily redefined or changed by simply reconfiguring the defined communication path for a transceiver, as described in greater detail below.

[0041] Site controller 104 is configured to communicate with any desired number of transceiver units. Furthermore, a plurality of site controllers can be deployed within a service area, thereby increasing the area of coverage of the transceiver network 100. There are no known limitations that would limit the number of transceivers in communication with the emergency message system control center 300 (FIG. 3) when a suitable number of transceiver units and site controllers are implemented with a plurality of transceivers to form a transceiver network 100.

[0042] Site controller 104, in another embodiment, is configured to include other functionalities. Such functionalities may be implemented in a site controller without departing substantially from the operation and functionality of the invention. For example, a site controller 104 may be configured to transmit acknowledgement signals back to the transceiver initiating the emergency message or another designated transceiver. Such an embodiment is particularly advantageous in indicating to a person that emergency assistance is on the way or that an emergency message has been received from a location of interest, such as the person's home or business. In some applications, a unique identification code associated with the site controller 104 is added to the emergency message.

[0043] Furthermore, for convenience of illustration, the site controller 104 and the transceiver unit 106 are illustrated as separate components coupled together via connection 108. In another embodiment, the transceiver unit 106 and the site controller 104 are incorporated into a single unit that performs substantially the same functionality of the transceiver unit 106 and the site controller 104. Alternatively, the transceiver unit 106 and site controller 104 may be conveniently included in the same housing. Such an alternative embodiment is particularly advantageous when it is desirable to centrally locate components to provide easy access and/or when it is desirable to enclose the devices in a single environmentally protective enclosure.

[0044] Each one of the transceivers, transceiver stations and transceiver units, have a unique identification code, such as a unique alpha-numeric identification code, a hexa-decimal code, or a like identification code. For example, transceiver 102b may have the unique identification code “102b”. When an emergency message is relayed by the transceiver 102b to the emergency message management controller 302 (FIG. 3), the emergency message is tagged or otherwise identified with the unique identity code “102b”. Thus, the emergency message management controller 302 knows where the transceiver 102b is located since location information for the transceiver 102b is retained in a database 314 (FIG. 3), described in greater detail below. To determine the location of the transceiver generating an emergency message, the emergency message management controller 302 need only associate the location information in the database 314 with the unique identification code of the transceiver since the emergency message contains the identification code of the transceiver. Also, in one embodiment, the nature of the emergency can be determined if the type of detection device coupled to the transceiver 102b is described in the database 314.

[0045] Furthermore, the emergency message management controller 302 may specifically poll the transceiver 102b to provide information by broadcasting a signal, using the unique identification code “102b”, such that the transceiver 102b recognizes that it is instructed to broadcast the status information back to the emergency message management controller 302. The emergency message management controller 302, via site controller 104, instructs transceiver 106 to broadcast an information request signal to the transceiver 102b. Thus, transceiver unit 106 broadcasts an information request signal to transceiver station 112c. Transceiver station 112c broadcasts the information request signal to transceiver station 112a, which then broadcasts the information request signal to the transceiver 102b.

[0046] Similarly, the emergency message management controller 302 is in >communication with all of the individual transceivers of FIG. 1 such that an emergency message is associated with specific transceivers. Furthermore, the emergency message management controller 302 may request information from any desired transceiver integrated into the transceiver network 100.

c. Integrating the Emergency Message Transceiver System into an Emergency Message System Control Center

[0047] FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating selected components of one embodiment of an emergency message system control center 300 in communication with the transceiver network 100. Included as an integral component of the emergency message communication system is the emergency message management controller 302. The emergency message management controller 302 is coupled to at least one of the previously described site controllers 104 via connection 306. Connection 306 is coupled to connection 110 (FIGS. 1 and 2) through an intermediary communication system, described in greater detail below.

[0048] The emergency message management controller 302 includes at least a processor 308, a memory 310 and an interface 312. Memory 310 includes at least a database 314 and the emergency message management controller logic 316. Processor 308 is coupled to the memory 310 via connection 318 and is coupled to the interface 312 via connection 320.

[0049] When one the plurality of transceivers residing in the transceiver network 100 transmits an emergency message, the emergency message management controller 302 receives the emergency message and stores the received emergency message into database 314 or in another suitable location in a memory. Processor 308 executes the emergency message management controller logic 316 to appropriately store the received emergency message into the database 314 or in another suitable location in a memory. In one embodiment, database 314 employs a look-up table.

[0050] The database 314 includes information of interest such as, but not limited to, the identification code of each the transceivers, the location of the transceiver, and the nature of the emergency situation. The nature of the emergency situation in some applications is determined by the type of device to which the transceiver is coupled to. For example, if the transceiver is coupled to a smoke detector, the database 314 includes information indicating that a smoke detector is coupled to the transceiver such that an emergency message received from that transceiver indicates the possible presence of a fire based upon smoke detected by the smoke detector.

[0051] Other information of interest may also be included in the database 314. For example, but not limited to, information identifying the specific customer, customers address and/or attributes of the customer's security system may be included within database 314. Also, individuals that should be contacted when an emergency message is received may also be included in the database 314. The nature of the monitoring device that is monitored by the transceiver may also be included within the database 314. Such information pertaining to the nature of the monitoring device includes, but is not limited to, make, model, manufacturer, manufacture date and/or components Accordingly, any type of information of interest may be included within the database 314. Furthermore, information regarding attributes of the transceivers, the transceiver stations, the transceiver units and the site controllers, such as, but not limited to, make, model, manufacturer, manufacture date, components, identification codes and/or locations, may be included in database 314.

[0052] The emergency message management controller 302 is illustrated as being coupled to the control console 322, via connection 324. Typically, the control room operators 304 interface with the various components residing in the emergency message system control center 300 via one or more control consoles 322. Information is displayed on a suitable interface device, such as a display screen 326. Thus, a control room operator 304, after determining a valid emergency message is received, requests appropriate emergency assistance from the appropriate emergency provider.

d. Communication Between Site Controllers and the Emergency Message Management Controller

[0053] As described above with reference to FIGS. 1-3, a site controller 104 (FIGS. 1 and 2) is in communication with the interface 312 residing in the emergency message management controller 302 (FIGS. 3 and 4). FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating alternative intermediate communication systems employed by the emergency message communication system. Three exemplary site controllers 402, 404 and 406 are illustrated as being coupled to the interface 312 residing the emergency message management controller 302 via three communication systems. These exemplary intermediate communication systems are intended to illustrate some possible communication systems through which the connections 110 (FIGS. 1-2) and 306 (FIG. 3) may coupled to such that the emergency message communication system enables communication between the site controllers and the emergency message management controller 302.

[0054] Site controller 402 is communicating to interface 312 via a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 408, via connections 110 and 306. Thus, site controller 402 is configured to provide a suitable signal having an emergency message that is provided to the PSTN 408. PSTN 408 receives the suitably configured emergency message from the site controller 402 and relays the emergency message to the interface 312. Interface 312 converts the received emergency message from the PSTN 408 and reformats the emergency message into a suitable communication signal that is provided to processor 308 (FIG. 3) such that the emergency message is stored in the database 314 (FIG. 3) in a manner described above.

[0055] In one embodiment, when the emergency message management controller 302 issues an acknowledgement signal, the interface 312 converts the acknowledgement signal into a suitable signal formatted for communication over the PSTN 408. The suitably formatted acknowledgement signal is then communicated through the PSTN 408 and is transmitted to the site controller 402 via connections 306 and 110. The site controller 402 then converts the received acknowledgement signal from the PSTN 408 into a suitably formatted signal for transmission out to the selected transceiver(s) as described above.

[0056] The components (not shown) residing in the interface 312 and the site controller 402 that are configured to transmit, receive and convert signals from the PSTN 408 are known in the art and, therefore, are not described in detail herein other than to the extent necessary to understand the operation and functioning of these components when employed as part of the interface 312 and the site controller 402. Such known components are too numerous to describe in detail herein, and that any configuration of such known components having the above-described functionality may be implemented in the interface 312 and the site controller 402 without departing substantially from the emergency message control system. Any such implementation of components configured to receive and convert communication signals from PSTN 408 are intended to be within the scope of this disclosure and to be protected by the accompanying claims.

[0057] Site controller 404 is communicating to interface 312 via a digital communication system 410, via connections 110 and 306. Thus, site controller 404 is configured to provide a suitable signal having an emergency message that is provided to the digital communication system 410. The digital communication system 410 is a based communication system configured to communication information in a digital format. Non-limiting examples of such digitally based communications systems include digital subscriber loops (DSL), X.25, Internet protocol, (IP), Ethernet, Integrated services digital network (ISDN) and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM). Such digital communication systems may employ a PSTN, a frame relay based network and/or cable network. Furthermore, such digital communication systems may employ combinations of the above-described systems having a plurality of segments employing different technologies on each segment.

[0058] The digital communication system 410 receives the suitably configured emergency message from the site controller 404 and relays the information to the interface 312. Interface 312 converts the received emergency message from the digital communication system 410 and reformats the emergency message into a suitable communication signal that is provided to processor 308 (FIG. 3) such that the emergency message is stored in the database 314 (FIG. 3) in a manner described above.

[0059] In one embodiment, when the emergency message management controller 302 issues an acknowledgement signal, the interface 312 converts the acknowledgment signal into a suitable signal formatted for communication over the digital communication system 410. The suitably formatted acknowledgement signal is then communicated to the digital communication system 410 and is transmitted to site controller 404, via connections 306 and 110. The site controller 404 then converts the received acknowledgement signal from the digital communication system 410 into a suitably formatted signal for transmission out to the selected transceiver(s) as described above.

[0060] The components (not shown) residing in the interface 312 and site controller 404 that are configured to received and convert signals from the digital communication system 410 are known in the art and, therefore, are not described in detail herein other than to the extent necessary to understand the operation and functioning of these components when employed as part of the interface 312 and the site controller 404. Such known components are too numerous to describe in detail herein, and that any configuration of such known components having the above-described functionality may be implemented in the interface 312 and the site controller 404 without departing substantially from the emergency message communication system. Any such implementation of the components configured to receive and convert communication signals from the digital communication system are intended to be within the scope of this disclosure and to be protected by the accompanying claims.

[0061] Site controller 406 is communicating to interface 312 via a Internet system 412, via connections 110 and 306. Thus, site controller 406 is configured to provide a suitable emergency message to the Internet system 412. Internet system 412 receives the suitably configured emergency message from the site controller 406 and relays the information to the interface 312. Interface 312 converts the received emergency message from the Internet system 412 and reformats the emergency message into a suitable communication signal that is provided to processor 308 (FIG. 3) such that the emergency message is stored in the database 314 (FIG. 3) in a manner described above.

[0062] When the emergency message management controller 302 issues an acknowledgement signal, the interface 312 converts the acknowledgement signal into a suitable signal formatted for communication over the Internet system 412. The suitably formatted acknowledgement signal is then communicated through the Internet system 412 and is transmitted to the site controller 406, via connections 306 and 110. The site controller 406 then converts the received acknowledgement signal from the Internet system 412 into a suitably formatted signal for transmission out to the selected transceiver(s) as described above.

[0063] The components (not shown) residing in the interface 312 and the site controller 406 that are configured to transmit, receive and convert signals from the Internet system 412 are known in the art and, therefore, are not described in detail herein other than to the extent necessary to understand the operation and functioning of those components when employed as part of the interface 312 and the site controller 406. Such known components are too numerous to describe in detail herein, and that any configuration of such known components having the above-described functionality may be implemented in the interface 312 and the site controller 406 without departing substantially from the emergency message communication system. Any such implementation of components configured to receive and convert communication signals from the Internet system 412 are intended to be within the scope of this disclosure and to be protected by the accompanying claims.

[0064] Other embodiments of the site controllers and the interface 312 are configured to communicate with other communication networks or combination networks having a plurality of segments employing different communication technologies on each segment. For example, a site controller and a interface could be configured to communicate over satellite based communication systems. Another example includes a combination system that employs the PSTN 408 and the Internet system 412. Such a combination system includes an interface device to interface the PSTN 408 with the Internet system 412. There are no intended limitations with respect to the interfacing communication technology through which a site controller and an interface 312 (FIG. 3) communicate. Any such implementation of a site controller and an interface 312 configured to communicate through a communication technology in accordance with the operation and functionality of the emergency message system described herein is intended to be within the scope of this disclosure and to be protected by the accompanying claims.

[0065] One embodiment of the site controller and/or interface 312 employs a plurality of standardized components, and is configured to receive an interface card. The interface card is configured to provide connectivity to the communication system that is used by the emergency message communication system to communicate over. Such an embodiment is particularly suited to implementing a mass produced emergency message system.

[0066] One embodiment of the site controller includes additional components (not shown) that apply an encryption to emergency messages transmitted to the emergency message management controller 302 (FIG. 3). Similarly, the interface 312 (FIG. 3) may be configured to transmit encrypted emergency messages. The received emergency messages are decrypted by the receiving device. Such an embodiment is desirable when security of the emergency message is important, such as, but not limited to, emergency messages generated by transceiver employed in an integrated security system 208 (FIG. 2).

e. Embodiment of an Emergency Message Transceiver in an Integrated Security System

[0067] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of an emergency message transceiver system with transceivers 202a-202f. Each one of the transceivers 202a-202f are coupled to an exemplary detection device 204a-204f residing in one of the exemplary customer premises of FIG. 1. In one embodiment, the customer premises 200 includes a wall-mounted base station 206 to form an integrated security system 208, as described below. Such an integrated security system is suitable for installation in a residence, business or other type of customer premises.

[0068] The exemplary detectors 204a-204f illustrate selected types of a variety of detection devices that may be employed as part of an integrated security system 208. For example, detector 204a is configured to detect the presence of smoke. Thus, smoke detector 204a indicates a possible fire at the customer premises 200 when smoke is detected.

[0069] Detector 204b is configured to sense movement of intruders within the customer premises 200. Detector 204c is configured to detect the opening of window 210. Similarly, detector 204d is configured to detect the opening of door 212. Detector 204e is a pressure sensitive detecting device that detects the pressure of an intruder walking over the carpet 214. Detector 204f is configured to detect sound waves 216, such as sound associated with glass breakage or forced entry through the door 212. Thus, detectors 204b-202f are configured to detect an intrusion into the customer premises 200 so that an emergency message may be generated.

[0070] In one embodiment, each of the detectors 204a-204f are coupled to a transceiver 202a-202f, respectively, such that the emergency message is broadcasted out to the transceiver station 212 via signal 210. Since each transceiver has a predefined unique identification code, the identification code is used by the energy message management controller 302 to identify the detectors 204a-204f.

[0071] For convenience of illustration, the transceivers 202a-204f are illustrated as residing outside each of its respective detectors and coupled to its respective detector by a connection. Such an embodiment is particularly advantageous for retrofitting detectors of an existing home security systems into the integrated security system 208.

[0072] Alternatively, the transceivers 202a-202f are fabricated into each one of its respective detectors during the manufacturing process as an internal integrated component. Such an embodiment is particularly advantageous in providing for an integrated security system 208 that is easily installed with a minimum of labor and expense. That is, since each detection device includes an internal transceiver configured to transmit emergency messages, the installation of the detectors in the customer premises 200 may be effected without the installation of signal wires to a central control panel in a home security system.

[0073] Furthermore, the integrated security system 208 does not necessarily require a control panel in that each of the transceivers 202a-202e are configured to communicate directly with any transceiver station within its broadcast range, such as transceiver station 212. Furthermore, if the transceiver unit 106 is in a sufficiently close proximity to the transceivers 202a-202e, emergency message signals broadcasted by the transceivers 202a-202e may be directly detected by the transceiver unit 106 via signal 218.

[0074] The integrated security system 208 may include other components. Such components may be coupled to a transceiver, or may include a transceiver as an internal integrated component, as described above. In one embodiment, control panel 206 may be configured to coordinate with the other detectors 202a-202e. For example, a person authorized to enter the customer premises 200 may enter the customer premises and activate the motion detector 204b, the door opening detector 204d, the pressure detector 204e and/or the noise detector 204f. The corresponding transceivers 202b, 202d, 202e and/or 202f generate an emergency broadcast signal that is detected by the control panel transceiver 220. Since the broadcasting transceiver(s) 202b, 202d, 202e and/or 202f are uniquely identified by their predefined identification code, the emergency message management controller 302 (FIG. 3) determines which of the detectors 204b, 204d, 204e and/or 204f have detected an intruder.

[0075] The control panel 206 is then configured to allow a predefined period of time for the person entering the customer premises 200 to enter a security number or the like, via a keypad 222, such that the integrated security system 208 recognizes that the person is authorized to enter the customer premises 200. Accordingly, the control panel 206 employs the transceiver 206 to broadcast an emergency message indicating that a proper security code has been received and that the person entering the customer premises 200 is an authorized person. Thus, when the emergency signal from one or more of the transceivers 202b, 202d, 202e and/or 202f is followed by an emergency message from the transceiver 200 indicating that an appropriate security code has been timely received, the emergency message management controller 302 (FIG. 3) receiving the emergency messages understands that the person entering the customer premises 200 is an authorized person and not an intruder. However, if the control panel 206 does not generate an emergency message indicating that an appropriate security code has been received, the emergency message management controller 302 understands that an intruder in the customer premises 200 has been detected and then generates an appropriately configured emergency message that is transmitted to the control room operators 304, via the control console 322 (FIG. 3). The control room operators would then request suitable emergency assistance at the customer premises 200.

[0076] Similarly, smoke detector 204a may detect the presence of smoke such that the transceiver 202a transmits a corresponding emergency signal. If a person in the customer premises 200 is merely cooking dinner and bums some of the food, thereby generating the detected smoke, an actual fire condition may not be present. Thus, the person may enter a predefined security code through the control panel 206 such that an emergency message signal is transmitted by the transceiver 220, thereby indicating to the energy message management controller 302 that a fire is not present at the customer premises 200.

[0077] In one embodiment, the emergency message management controller 302 may indicate to the control room operators 304 that the smoke detector 204a has detected smoke, but that the received security code indicates that an actual fire is not present and that emergency service from the fire department need not be summoned. Alternatively, another embodiment may not notify the control room operators 304 that the smoke detector 204a has detected smoke if the security code is received in a timely manner. However, with either embodiment, if the security code is not received by the control panel 206, an emergency message is transmitted to the control room operators 304 indicating the detection of smoke by the smoke detector 204a.

[0078] Because each transceiver 202a-202f is identified by a unique identification code, location information for each transceiver residing in the database 314 (FIG. 3) is used to precisely identify the location of the broadcasting transceiver, and therefore precisely identify the location of the emergency. Since the received emergency message includes the unique identification code of the transceiver generating the emergency message, the location is determined by associating the identification code of the transceiver with information residing in database 314 (FIG. 3). Furthermore, additional information residing in the database 314 may indicate the nature of the emergency and/or provide other relevant information. For example, a message received from transceiver 202a, coupled to the smoke detector 204a (FIG. 2), may indicate that the smoke detector 204a has detected smoke. Accordingly, the control room operators 304 can summon emergency assistance from the fire department and direct the fire department personnel to the address of the customer premises 200 when an emergency message is received from the transceiver 202a.

[0079] Similarly, if an intruder opens the window 210 such that the detector 204c detects the window opening, the transceiver 202c transmits an emergency message to the energy message management controller 302. Because the transceiver 202c is uniquely identified and the location of the transceiver 202c is specified in the database 314, the control room operators 304 upon receiving the emergency message and the address location of the customer premises 200 could summon the police to investigate the presence of the opened window 210.

[0080] As described above, emergency messages generated by any one of the detectors 204a-204f causes the emergency signal to be relayed through the transceiver network 100 (FIG. 1) such that the emergency message is received and processed by the emergency message management controller 302. In an alternative embodiment, the control panel 206, or other suitable coordination device, is configured to detect and recognize emergency messages broadcasted by the transceivers 202a-202f. Other transceivers within the broadcasting range of the transceivers 202a-202f are configured to ignore emergency messages broadcasted by the transceivers 202a-202f. Since the broadcasting transceiver(s) 202b, 202d, 202e and/or 202f are uniquely identified by their predefined identification code, the control panel 206 determines which of the detectors 204b, 204d, 204e and/or 204f have detected an intruder.

[0081] Accordingly, if the appropriate security code is not received in a timely manner by the control panel 206, a single emergency message is broadcasted by the transceiver 220 to the emergency message management controller 302 (FIG. 3) in the manner described above. If a security code is received in a timely manner, no emergency message is broadcasted by the transceiver 220. That is, the control panel 206, or other suitable coordinating device, coordinates emergency messages of the integrated security system. Such an embodiment is particularly desirable when it is desirable to reduce the number of emergency messages transmitted to the emergency message management controller 302.

[0082] For example, in the above-described embodiment employing the control panel 206 as a coordinator of emergency messages for the integrated security system 208, the presence of an intruder may be detected by the motion detector 204b. An emergency message broadcasted by the transceiver 202b is detected by the transceiver 220 and relayed to the control panel 206. Should the transceiver station 212 be within the broadcast range of the transceiver 202b, a transceiver (not shown) residing in the transceiver station 212 is configured to ignore any emergency messages from the transceiver 202b. Accordingly, if the authorized security code is not received in a timely manner by the control panel 206, a single emergency message is broadcasted by the transceiver 220. The transceiver residing in the transceiver station 212 is configured to detect the emergency message from the transceiver 220, thereby relaying the emergency message to the emergency message management controller 302, as described above.

[0083] The integrated security system 208 may further include a personal security device 214. The personal security device 200 is coupled to or included as an internal component a transceiver 216. The transceiver 216, in one embodiment, is configured to communicate with the control panel 206. Thus, if an authorized person desires to enter the customer premises 200, the person enters the appropriate security code through a keypad 218 on the personal device 214. The transceiver 216 relays the security code signal to the transceiver 206 such that the control panel 200 recognizes that a valid security code has been received. Accordingly, the control panel 206 generates an emergency signal, broadcasted by the transceiver 220, indicating that the security code has been received in a timely manner. Alternatively, in an embodiment employing a control panel 206 is a coordinator of emergency messages, the transceiver 220 does not broadcast an emergency message upon receiving the security code in a timely manner.

[0084] In another embodiment, the personal device 214 generates an emergency signal having the security code such that the transceiver 216 directly transmits the security code to the energy message management controller 302. Thus, the personal device 214 is forming the same functionality as the control panel 206. Here, the integrated security system 208 would not necessarily employ the control panel 206, but employs one or more of the personal devices 214 to broadcast an emergency message indicating that the security code has been received in a timely manner.

[0085] Furthermore, the personal device 214 provides a convenient way for a person to remotely arm the integrated security system 208. That is, a person arms the integrated security system 208 from outside of the house. Such a feature is convenient if the person desires to arm the integrated security system 208 when leaving the customer premises 200. Similarly, the person may arm the integrated security system 208 when inside the customer premises 200. For example, if the integrated security system 208 is installed in a residence, the person may arm the integrated security system 208 from the bedside or other convenient location.

[0086] The exemplary detectors 204a-204f described above are intended to merely illustrate a few of the wide variety of detectors and other devices that are integrated into the integrated security system 208. Other types of suitable detectors include, but are not limited to, detectors for water, moisture, temperature or humidity. Such detectors are configured to generate an emergency message that is broadcasted by a transceiver coupled to or residing in the detector.

[0087] Furthermore, a variety of appliances, such as but not limited to, a TV or a toaster, are easily be integrated into the integrated security system 208. For example, it may be desirable to monitor the operating status of a toaster for safety reasons. Thus, if a toaster is left on after use, the transceiver generates an emergency message indicating that the toaster has inadvertently been left on such that a potential fire hazard is created. Accordingly, the control room operators could initiate an appropriate response to ensure that the toaster is turned off before a fire occurs. For example, the control room operators 304 could summon the fire department or contact the owner of the customer premises 200.

[0088] As described above, the exemplary detector 204a-204f are described as detector devices installed in a fixed location within the customer premises. Such devices may be installed in other convenient locations, such as, but not limited to, outside the customer premises.

[0089] Furthermore, the detectors may be portable or moveable. For example, but not limited to, the motion detector 204b (and its associated transceiver 202b) may be relocated to another location within the customer premises 200 to change the are of coverage provided by the motion detector 204b.

[0090] Also, the detectors may be installed on moveable property, such as an automobile, truck, boat, airplane, art object or the like. In another embodiment, a transceiver is coupled to or integrated within a monitor that is attached to a person. Such an embodiment may be particularly advantageous when the detector is monitoring a health condition, such as a person's heartbeat rate or the like, or when the detector is determining location, such as the location of a child, pet, art object or the like.

[0091] In yet another embodiment, emergency messages are relayed directly to the personal security device 214 such that the person possessing the personal security device 214 is made aware of the emergency messages from the integrated security system 208. The emergency management controller 302 (FIG. 3) communicates the emergency message out into the network 100 (FIG. 1). Since the personal security device is identified by a unique identification code, the message is directed to the personal security device 214 by including the identification code of the personal security device 214 in the emergency message. One embodiment employs a beeper or other noise generator, a light indicator, a vibrator or the like to get the attention of the person.

[0092] For example, if the person is at work, and an intruder enters the customer premises 200 such that the motion detector 204b causes the transceiver 202b to broadcast an emergency message, the person is directly notified of the emergency message. The emergency message broadcasted by the transceiver 202b (assuming the failure to receive an appropriate security code entry) is broadcasted out to the transceiver station 212. The transceiver station 212 relays the emergency message, via transceiver unit 106 and the site controller 104, to the emergency message management controller 302 (FIG. 3). The emergency message management controller 302 then causes an emergency message to be transmitted to the personal security device 214 so that the owner of the customer premises 200, or another appropriate individual, is aware that the motion detector 204b has detected the presence of an intruder.

f. Embodiment of an Always-On Appliance Transceiver

[0093] FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of an emergency message transceiver 502 coupled to an always-on appliance unit 504 residing in the customer premises. The exemplary always-on appliance unit 504 is illustrated as a cable television (TV) set box. Other suitable always-on appliances may be configured to communicate with an emergency message transceiver 502. For example, a home personal computer (PC), a security alarm system control panel, a digital telephone/message system, or a fax machine are other examples of suitable always-on appliances configured to operate with a transceiver of the present invention. Such always-on appliances typically include a display device such that an emergency message could be indicated to a person viewing the display device. Furthermore, the always-on appliance may be a mobile appliance such as a pager, cell phone or the like.

[0094] The phrase “always-on appliance” as used herein designates an appliance that is probably on for periods of time such that a person viewing the appliance for its normal intended use is likely to be notified of a received emergency message. For example, a TV may not always be on, but rather on for periods of time. Similarly, a pager may be occasionally turned off, such as when the user is in a theater or sleeping at night. Such devices are considered as always-on appliances herein.

[0095] According to the exemplary system illustrated in FIG. 5, the cable TV set box 508 is coupled to an external TV cable system (not shown) via a cable 506 that is coupled to a cable TV wall outlet 508. TV signals from the cable TV network are provided to the TV 510 via cable 512. For convenience, the cable TV set box 504 and the TV 510 are illustrated as sitting on the table 514. The emergency message transceiver 502 is coupled to the cable TV set box 504 via connection 516. Alternatively, the emergency message transceiver 502 is incorporated internally within the cable TV set box 504 as an integral integrated component.

[0096] When an emergency message is received by the emergency message management controller 302 (FIG. 3), it may be desirable to communicate the emergency message to an individual in close proximity to the always-on appliance.

[0097] For example, a tornado detector may detect the possible presence of a tornado. An emergency message transceiver (not shown) coupled to the tornado detector (not shown) generates an emergency message to the emergency message management controller 302. The transceiver coupled to the tornado detector has a predefined unique identification code. Because the location of the transceiver coupled to the tornado detector is precisely known, since the identification code of the transceiver is associated with data in the database 314 (FIG. 3), the emergency message management controller 302 generates an emergency message that is broadcasted out to the emergency message transceiver 502. The emergency message is directed to the emergency message transceiver 502 by specifying the unique identification code of the emergency transceiver 502 in the broadcasted emergency message. Furthermore, the emergency message may be directed to many different locations by specifying identification codes in the emergency message.

[0098] Similarly, the transceiver 502 can be configured to receive an emergency message generated by one of the above-described transceivers 202a-202f employed in an integrated security system 208 (FIG. 2). Also, the transceiver 502 can be configured to receive an emergency message generated by one of the above-described transceivers 216, or a personal emergency message transceiver 602 described below, or a transceiver configured to detect emergency 911 calls as described below. Accordingly, a person viewing the always-on device is made aware that one of the transceivers 202a-202f coupled to detection devices 204a-204f, or the wall-mounted base station 206, have generated an emergency message. As described above, the emergency message communicated to the always-on appliance includes other information of interest, such as, but not limited to, the nature of the emergency situation.

[0099] In one embodiment, the emergency message transceiver 502 is configured to generate an emergency message signal that is configured to be displayed on the always-on appliance. Such an embodiment includes a signal generator (not shown) that process the received emergency message into a signal suitably formatted for the always-on appliance. In the exemplary system illustrated in FIG. 5, an emergency message is displayed on a display 518 residing on the cable TV set box 504. Furthermore, another embodiment is configured to generate an appropriate emergency message on the TV 510 such that a person viewing the TV 510 would understand that a tornado, and its corresponding location, has been detected.

[0100] Some embodiments of the always-on appliance are configured to receive communications from a person that has received the emergency message. For example, the always-on appliance may be a PC. Accordingly, when the user of the PC receives the emergency message, the user may respond with a request for additional information and/or may request emergency assistance. For example, if the received emergency message indicates that a tornado has been detected in close proximity to the emergency message transceiver 502, the user of the PC may request emergency help to effect an evacuation of the premises. Such an embodiment may be particularly useful if physically impaired people and/or small children requiring assistance in evacuations are nearby the always-on appliance.

[0101] In yet another embodiment, the request for additional information or for emergency assistance is made using the control panel 206 and/or the personal security device 214 (FIG. 2). Here, the person receiving the emergency message from the always-on appliance uses the keyboards coupled to the control panel 206 and/or the personal security device 214 to generate an emergency message requesting additional information and/or emergency assistance to the transceiver 502. The transceiver 502 then relays the request for additional information or emergency assistance back to the energy message management controller 302 (FIG. 3). Accordingly, the control room operators 304 provides the additional information and/or request emergency assistance from the appropriate public emergency service agencies.

g. Embodiment of a Personal Emergency Transceiver

[0102] FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a personal emergency message transceiver 602. The personal emergency transceiver 602 includes a transceiver 604 in accordance with the present invention. The transceiver 604 includes or is coupled to a memory (not shown) having a predefined unique identification code.

[0103] For convenience of illustration, the transceiver 604 is illustrated as an internal component of the personal emergency message transceiver 602, as indicated by the two cut-away lines 606. One embodiment of the personal emergency message transceiver 602 includes at least one button 608. Button 608 may be any suitable pressure sensitive device or switch device that is manually actuated by a person. Another embodiment includes a keypad 610 having a plurality of push buttons or the like. Another embodiment includes a speaker 612, a light 614, a display 618, and/or a microphone (not shown). Other embodiments may employ various combinations of the button 608, the keypad 610 and the speaker 612.

[0104] The personal emergency message transceiver 602 is preferably a very small, easy to carry device. The personal emergency message transceiver 602 is sufficiently small to conveniently carry in a person's pocket, clip onto the person's belt or the like, fit into a purse and/or attach to a key chain or other convenient apparatus.

[0105] Each of the above-described embodiments of the personal emergency message transceiver 602 are configured to generate and/or receive signals to and/or from the transceiver 604, via connection 620. For example, the button 608 is configured to generate a signal such that when the person using the personal emergency message transceiver 602 actuates button 608, an emergency message (which includes the unique identification code of the emergency message transceiver 602) is broadcasted by the transceiver 604. The emergency message broadcasted by the transceiver 604 is detected by any other transceiver of the transceiver network 100 (FIG. 1) such that the detected emergency message is relayed to the emergency message management controller 302 (FIG. 3) by the network transceivers in the manner described above. As the first network transceiver relays the emergency message, the network transceiver adds its unique identification code to the emergency message. When the emergency message reaches the emergency management controller 302, the emergency message includes the unique identification code of the broadcasting personal emergency message transceiver 602 and the first network transceiver. (Other embodiments may include the identification code of all network transceivers relaying the emergency message to the emergency message management controller 302.)

[0106] Although the exact location of the personal emergency message transceiver 602 is not precisely known because the emergency message transceiver 602 itself is portable, the precise location of the first network transceiver relaying the broadcasted emergency message is precisely known [since location information for the first relaying network transceiver resides in the database 314 (FIG. 3)]. Accordingly, the emergency message management controller 302, based upon the known location of the receiving transceivers, may closely approximate the location of the personal emergency message transceiver 602. Furthermore, if multiple transceivers in the transceiver network 100 detect the broadcasted emergency message from the transceiver 604, the emergency message management controller logic 316 executes a position determination algorithm to triangulate more precisely the location of the personal emergency message transceiver 602.

[0107] In the embodiment of the personal emergency message transceiver 602 employing a keypad 610, the person using the personal emergency message transceiver 602 uses the keypad 610 to generate alpha-numeric messages. For example, an alpha-numeric message may indicate a need for a particular type of emergency assistance, such as an ambulance, the police, the fire department or a tow truck. One embodiment of the personal emergency message transceiver 602 employs a number of push buttons or the like, each configured for a particular type of emergency situation. For example, one button may selectively indicate a need for an ambulance, and another button may indicate the need for a tow truck. Another embodiment of the personal emergency message transceiver 602 is configured with a plurality of buttons, or the like, each button being associated with one or more alphanumeric characters. Accordingly, the user of such an embodiment having a keypad with a plurality of buttons associated with alpha-numeric characters may generate a customized emergency message that is broadcasted by the transceiver 604. For example, the person using the personal emergency message transceiver 602 could generate a message such as “call wife, working late at home” or another suitable message.

[0108] An embodiment of the personal emergency message transceiver 602 employing a speaker 612 provides for audible communications with the person using the personal emergency message transceiver 602. For example, the personal emergency message transceiver 602 generates a sound to indicate to the user that an emergency message of interest has been received. Accordingly, the audible sound may prompt the user to call into the emergency message management controller 302 if an intruder has been detected, in a manner described above, at the customer premises 200 by the integrated security system 208 (FIG. 2). Another embodiment provides an audible signal indicating more precisely the nature of the emergency message of interest. For example, the speaker 612 audibly broadcasts out a message such as “intruder detected at residence” or another suitable audible message. Furthermore, another embodiment is configured to include a microphone (not shown) that is configured to receive audible messages from the user and to broadcast the audible message by the transceiver 604.

[0109] Another embodiment employs a light source 614 to notify the user of the personal emergency message transceiver 602 that an emergency message of interest has been received by the emergency message management controller 302 (FIG. 3). For example, the light source 614 could be a light emitting diode (LED), an incandescent light or other light generating device. Other embodiments of the personal emergency message transceiver 602 employ other devices to notify the user that an emergency message of interest has been received. For example, one embodiment employs a vibratory device (not shown) that provides an indication to the user through a vibratory movement of the personal emergency message transceiver 602.

[0110] Another embodiment of the personal emergency transceiver 602 employs a display 618. Display 618 is configured to receive emergency messages from the emergency message management controller 302 (FIG. 3) and indicate information associated with the received emergency message. For example, display 618 may use alpha-numeric symbols to indicate the nature and the location of the emergency message. Accordingly, the display 618 may show an emergency message such as “intruder at home” or another suitable message. Furthermore, another embodiment of the personal emergency message transceiver 602 employs the display 618 for indicating general events of interest, such as stock market activity, national emergencies, holidays or the like. The display 618 may be any suitable device for displaying an emergency message. For example, but not limited to, the display 618 may be a flat panel screen, a LED screen, a liquid crystal display (LCD) or any other known screen device.

[0111] Another embodiment of the personal emergency message transceiver 602 employing a keypad 610 may be further configured to perform the same functionality of the personal device 214 (FIG. 2) having the keypad 218. Such an embodiment is particularly advantageous when integrating the personal emergency message transceiver 602 into a transceiver network 100 (FIG. 1) that is configured for a multiplicity of purposes.

h. Embodiment of an Emergency Transceiver Detecting 911 Calls

[0112] FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of another personal emergency message transceiver 124. The personal emergency message transceiver 124 is configured to have similar functionality as a mobile communication device, such as a mobile telephone, radio, pager, cell phone or the like. Thus, the personal emergency message transceiver 124 is capable of providing voice communication services and is configured to generate emergency messages broadcasted by a transceiver (not shown). Another embodiment is configures to employ a separate transceiver for voice communications and a separate transceiver for communication of emergency messages. In yet another embodiment, a mobile communication device may be retrofitted with a transceiver, thereby creating a personal emergency message transceiver 124. Illustrative examples of mobile communication devices include mobile telephones, cellular devices, radios, pagers or the like.

[0113] Special purpose keys residing on the personal emergency message transceiver 124 are configured to have similar functionality as the button 608 and/or the keypad 610 of the personal emergency message transceiver 602 (FIG. 6) described above.

[0114] When a transceiver (not shown) residing in the personal emergency message transceiver 124 broadcasts an emergency message signal 126, the emergency message signal 126 is received by any of the transceivers of the transceiver network 100, such as transceiver 102f. Accordingly, the emergency message signal 126 is broadcasted by the transceiver 102f (via signal 114f) to the transceiver station 112b, and then to the transceiver station 112c (via signal 118b), and then to the transceiver unit 106 (via signal 118c), and then to the emergency message management controller 302 (FIG. 3). Alternatively, when the personal emergency message transceiver 124 is sufficiently close to the transceiver unit 106 such that the transceiver unit 106 is able to detect the emergency message broadcasted by the personal emergency message transceiver 124, then the transceiver unit 106 directly relays the emergency message to the emergency message management controller 302 (FIG. 3).

[0115] Another embodiment of the transceivers residing in the transceiver network 100 are configured to detect emergency 911 calls from mobile communication devices, such as a mobile telephone, radio, pager, cell phone or the like. Such mobile communication devices include with the voice communications other information that identifies the mobile communication device. For example, some mobile communication devices employ an upper channel of the RF signal for communication of the other information. Another embodiment employs header information or the like in a digital communication signal. Such information is typically used for the determination of telephone related services, such as long distance telephone charges. When a person has subscribed to a service that employs the transceiver network 100 for the detection of emergency messages, the transceivers within the transceiver network are configured to recognize that the emergency 911 call is generated by a subscribing customer. Accordingly, the emergency 911 call is recognized as an emergency message and is subsequently relayed onto the energy message management controller 302 (FIG. 3) as described above. This embodiment is particularly advantageous in that the emergency message management controller 302 may provide additional services and/or provide additional information to interested parties.

[0116] The above-described embodiments of the transceivers configured to detect emergency 911 calls are particularly advantageous in determining the location of the device generating the emergency 911 call. For example, a person or small child making a 911 call may not be able to indicate location for any number of reasons. Accordingly, transceivers detecting the emergency 911 call generate an emergency message that includes the identification code of the detecting transceiver. When the emergency message is relayed to the emergency message management controller 302 (FIG. 3), the location of the transmitting transceiver is precisely known since location information of the transceiver, included in database 314 (FIG. 3), is associated with the identification code contained in the received emergency message. Accordingly, the emergency message management controller 302, based upon the known location of the transceiver detecting the emergency 911 call, may closely approximate the location of the device generating the emergency 911 calls. Furthermore, if multiple transceivers in the transceiver network 100 detect the broadcasted emergency 911 call, the emergency message management controller logic 316 executes a position determination algorithm to triangulate more precisely the location of the device generating the emergency 911 call.

[0117] Furthermore, the emergency message management controller 302 may be configured to notify other interested parties that an emergency 911 phone call has been detected. Accordingly, the emergency message management controller 302 is configured to provide a message to the control room operators 304 with instructions to manually call another interested party. For example, the control room operators 304 may be directed to call the mother when the husband or a child using a mobile communication device makes an emergency 911 call. As another example, the control room operators 304 may be directed to call a family physician, attorney, employer or the like when an emergency 911 call is detected. Another embodiment of the transceivers residing in the transceiver network 100 are configured to detect the actual voice message associated with the 911 emergency call and relay the voice communications from the mobile communication device to the control room operators 304, via the emergency message management controller 302, as described above. Accordingly, the control room operators provide additional information to the called third party such as the approximate location of the mobile communication device and the nature of the emergency.

[0118] Additionally, the energy message management controller 302, upon receiving an emergency message associated with a detected emergency 911 call, is configured to look up in the database 314 (FIG. 3) personal information associated with a person who may have made the emergency 911 call. Accordingly, the emergency message management controller 302 provides instructions to the control room operators to call the summoned emergency service providers so that additional information may be provided. For example, database 314 may have information indicating that the person(s) may be subject to an allergic reaction to particular substances. The emergency message management controller 302 instructs the control room operators 304 to call the person receiving the actual emergency 911 call, or other interested emergency service providers such as the ambulance technicians or a doctor, to provide information regarding the possible allergic reactions of the customer.

i. Operation of the Emergency Message Management Controller

[0119] FIG. 7 is a flow chart 700 illustrating a process for communicating an emergency message generated by one of the transceivers of FIGS. 1-2 and 4-6. The flow chart 700 shows the architecture, functionality, and operation of a possible implementation of the software associated with the emergency message management controller logic 316 (FIG. 3). In this regard, each block may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the blocks may occur out of the order noted in FIG. 7, or may include additional functions, without departing significantly from the functionality of the process of the emergency message management controller 702. For example, two blocks shown in succession in FIG. 7 may in fact be executed substantially concurrently, the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, or some of the blocks may not be executed in all instances, depending upon the functionality involved, as will be further clarified herein below. All such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure and to be protected by the accompanying claims.

[0120] When the emergency message management controller logic 316 is implemented as software and stored in memory 310 (FIG. 3), the emergency message management controller logic 316 can be stored on any computer readable medium for use by or in connection with any computer and/or processor related system or method. In the context of this document, a memory 310 is a computer readable medium that is an electronic, magnetic, optical, or other another physical device or means that contains or stores a computer and/or processor program. The emergency message management controller logic 316 can be embodied in any computer readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions associated with the emergency message management controller logic 316. In the context of this specification, a “computer readable medium” can be any means that can store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program associated with the emergency message management controller logic 316 for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, and/or device. The computer readable medium can be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or propagation medium. More specific examples (a nonexhaustive list) of the computer readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM, EEPROM, or Flash memory), an optical fiber, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). Note that the computer-readable medium, could even be paper or another suitable medium upon which the program associated with the emergency message management controller logic 316 is printed, as the program can be electronically captured, via for instance optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner if necessary, and then stored in memory 310 or in another suitable memory.

[0121] The process starts at block 702 when an emergency situation arises. At block 704, a transceiver is actuated in response to the emergency such that an emergency message is broadcasted over the transceiver network 100 (FIG. 1). At block 706, the emergency message is received at the emergency message management controller 302 (FIG. 3) in a manner described above. At block 708, the emergency message management controller 302 executes the emergency message management controller logic 316. Accordingly, a suitably formatted emergency message is provided to the control room operators 304 (FIG. 3) that includes information of interest such that the control room operators summon the appropriate emergency assistance.

[0122] At block 710, a determination is made whether or not other information should be provided. If no other information is provided at block 710 (the NO condition), the process returns to block 702. If other information should be provided to the control room operators 304 (the YES condition), the other information is provided to the control room operators 304 at block 712. As described above, such information may include, but is not limited to, the identification code of each the transceivers, the location of the transceiver, and the nature of the emergency situation.

[0123] At block 714, a determination is made whether or not other interested parties should be notified. If no other interested parties are to be notified at block 710 (the NO condition), the process returns to block 702. If other information should be provided to the control room operators 304 (the YES condition), the other information is provided to the control room operators 304 at block 716. For example, the emergency message management controller logic 316 may determine that a spouse, other relative, employer or other individual(s) identified in the database 314 should be notified of the received emergency message. The process then returns to block 702 to await the next emergency situation.

j. Transceiver Maintenance Feature

[0124] One embodiment described above employs transceivers configured to transmit emergency messages back to the emergency message management controller 302 (FIG. 3). Each transceiver includes its unique identification code as part of the broadcasted emergency message. Location information for each transceiver, identified in database 314 (FIG. 3), is determined by associating the identification code in the received emergency message with the corresponding location information (identified by the corresponding identification code). Transceivers transmitting information back to the emergency message management controller 302, in one embodiment, are configured to include logic that indicates the operational status of the monitoring device and/or its associated components back to the emergency message management controller 302. The emergency message management controller logic 316 (FIG. 3) includes a transceiver maintenance function that evaluates received status and information from the signals transmitted by the transceivers such that the operational integrity of the monitoring device is accessed. That is, if a component in the monitoring device fails, the status information indicates failure of that component. The emergency message management controller logic 316 provides the appropriate indication to the control room operators 304 such that maintenance personnel are dispatched out to the monitoring device to effect a repair of the non-functioning or improperly functioning component.

[0125] One embodiment employing the above-described maintenance feature employs transceivers configured to periodically transmit status information to the emergency message management controller 302 at predefined time intervals. Another embodiment employs transceivers configured to respond to a status information request generated by the emergency message management controller 302. Here, logic residing in the emergency message management controller logic 316 performs a maintenance function wherein pre-selected transceivers are requested to provide status information. Another embodiment employs transceivers configured to generate periodic status reports to the emergency message management controller 302 and are configured to respond to requests for status information from the Emergency message management controller 302. In yet another embodiment, all three types of the above-described transceivers are employed to communicate status information to the emergency message management controller 302.

[0126] When the transceiver components that broadcast the status information fails, such as, but not limited to, the transceiver itself, the failure is detected by a loss of signal. Thus, in an embodiment employing a transceiver that is to provide an acknowledgement signal, or provide a status signal in response to a status information request, or is to provide periodic status information reports, the failure of the transceiver to respond or provide information at scheduled times and/or is response to a status inquiry indicates a component failure.

[0127] Summarizing, the above-described embodiment includes a maintenance functionality such that the operational status of the transceivers residing in the transceiver network 100 (FIG. 1) and/or monitoring devices are monitored to ensure continuous operational functionality. Other components of the above-described communication network, such as the detectors and/or their components, may be also monitored. Thus, a detected failure in a transceiver, transceiver component, detector and/or a detector component may be quickly detected such that maintenance personnel are dispatched to repair the failed transceiver, detector or components. This embodiment is particularly advantageous in providing an emergency message system having a high degree of operational reliability and integrity.

k. Defining Transceiver Communication Paths

[0128] For convenience describing the operation and functionality of the transceiver network 100 (FIG. 1), a simplified description of the communication paths employed by the plurality of transceivers is described above. In one embodiment, all transceivers employed in the transceiver network have both capability to receive broadcasted signals and to broadcast signals. However, many of the transceivers have a limited transmit signal range as the strength of the broadcasted signal is relatively low. This embodiment is particularly suited in transceiver network 100 configurations employing a large number of transceivers located in close proximity to other transceivers.

[0129] In one embodiment, the communication path that a transceiver employs for broadcasting signals is predefined. For example, transceiver 102a in FIG. 1 was described above as transmitting emergency messages to transceiver unit 106 over the path defined by signals 114a, 118a and 118c. That is, when the transceiver unit 106 receives an emergency message from transceiver 102a, transceiver stations 112a and 112c are configured to relay the signal to the transceiver unit 106. Here, if the transceiver station 112c detects the emergency message from transceiver 102a, transceiver station 112c simply ignores the detected emergency message and does not relay the emergency message.

[0130] In one embodiment, transmission paths for all transceivers are predetermined by the emergency message management controller 302 (FIG. 3). Path information is broadcasted out to all components of the transceiver network 100, transceiver stations, transceiver units and site controllers. This information is stored in a memory residing in or coupled to each of the components of the transceiver network 100, transceiver stations, transceiver units and site controllers. Each component then configures itself to react only to those signals for which it is part of the predefined path. Thus, when the transceiver unit 102b detects an emergency message from transceiver 102a, transceiver units 102b recognizes that it is not part of the path to transceiver 102a, and simply takes no action.

[0131] In one embodiment, the communication paths are defined by using the identification codes associated with each transceiver, and identification codes assigned to the transceiver stations, transceiver units and site controllers. For example, if site controller 104 is defined by the identification code “104”, transceiver unit 106 is defined by the identification code “106”, transceiver station 112c is defined by the identification code “112c”, transceiver station 112a is defined by the identification code “112a”, and transceiver 102a is defined by the identification code “102a”, the path between the site controller 104 and transceiver 102a is simply defined by a code such as 104.106.112c.112a.102a (where each number corresponds to the component identification code). Other suitable codes are easily defined.

[0132] Such a system is described in detail in the commonly assigned patent entitled “MULTI-FUNCTION GENERAL PURPOSE TRANSCEIVER,” filed Mar. 18, 1999, and accorded U.S. Pat. No. 6,233,327B1, issued on May 15, 2001 and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0133] In one embodiment of the emergency message system, failure of a transceiver or a transceiver component is detected in a manner described above. When such a failure is detected, communications with other transceivers may be disrupted if the failed transceiver or transceiver component is in the communication path of other transceivers. In such a situation, upon the detection of the failed transceiver or transceiver component, the emergency message management controller 302 (FIG. 3) redefines communication paths for affected transceivers, and transmits the redefined paths out to the transceivers, transceiver stations, transceiver units and site controllers such that the paths are redefined. For example, transceiver station 112a (FIG. 1) may fail. Thus, transceivers 102a, 102b and 102c (FIG. 1) will not be in communication with the emergency message management controller 302 (FIG. 3). The communication path for transceiver 102c would then be redefined such that transceiver 102c is communicating with transceiver 102d (assuming that transceiver 102d is sufficiently close to transceiver 102c to detect signals broadcasted from transceiver 102c). Thus, transceiver 102c is in communication with the transceiver unit 106 (FIG. 1) through a newly defined path indicated by the signals 128a, 114d, 118b and 118c (FIG. 1). Here, transceiver 102d is operating as both an emergency message transceiver (when communicating emergency messages from the customer premises 103d) and a network transceiver (when communicating emergency messages from other transceivers).

[0134] Similarly, the communication path for transceiver 102b is then redefined such that transceiver 102b is communicating with transceiver 102c (assuming that transceiver 102c is sufficiently close to transceiver 102b to detect signals broadcasted from transceiver 102b). Thus, transceiver 102b would be in communication with the transceiver unit 106 through a newly defined path indicated by the signals 128b, 128a, 114d, 118b and 118c (FIG. 1). Here, transceivers 102c and 102d are operating as both an emergency message transceiver (when communicating emergency messages from the customer premises 103c and 103d, respectively) and a network transceiver (when communicating emergency messages from other transceivers).

[0135] Similarly, the communication path for transceiver 102a is then redefined such that transceiver 102a is communicating with transceiver 102b (assuming that transceiver 102b is sufficiently close to transceiver 102a to detect signals broadcasted from transceiver 102a). Thus, transceiver 102a would be in communication with the transceiver unit 106 through a newly defined path indicated by the signals 128c, 128b, 128a, 114d, 118b and 118c (FIG. 1). Here, transceivers 102b, 102c and 102d are operating as both an emergency message transceiver (when communicating emergency messages from the customer premises 103b, 103c and 103d, respectively) and a network transceiver (when communicating emergency messages from other transceivers).

[0136] One skilled in the art will appreciate that the possible communication paths in a transceiver network 100 are nearly limitless, and that such communication paths are easily redefined by the emergency message management controller 302. The above described examples are intended to illustrate some of the alternative redefined communication paths to explain the operation and functionality of the maintenance feature of one embodiment of the emergency message communication system.

l. Alternative Embodiments of the Emergency Message Communication System

[0137] For convenience of describing the operation and functionality of the emergency message management controller 302 (FIG. 3), the emergency message management controller 302 was illustrated as a stand-alone unit. The emergency message management controller 302, in an alternative embodiment, is implemented as an integral component of another system, such as, but not limited to, a security monitoring system, without departing substantially from the operation and functionality of the emergency message system.

[0138] Furthermore, the components illustrated as residing in the emergency message management controller 302 may reside in alternative convenient locations outside of the emergency message management controller 302 without adversely affecting the operation and functionality of the emergency message system. Such components may even be integrated with other existing components residing in the emergency message system control center, thereby minimizing the cost of implementing an emergency message system.

[0139] For example, the database 314 residing in the memory 310 (FIG. 3) may be implemented in a memory unit residing in an alternative location, such as the control console 322. Thus, information provided used the emergency message system could simply be transferred to a database residing in the alternative location.

[0140] Similarly, the emergency message management controller logic 316 (FIG. 3) could reside in a convenient alternative location and be executed by a different processor that resides in a convenient alternative location. Also, the interface 312 may be implemented as a stand-alone interface unit residing in a convenient location. For example, interface 312 may be implemented as a stand-alone PC, a network PC, a dedicated intra-network interface or the like that performs the functionality of receiving information through a communication network from the site controller 104 (FIGS. 1 and 2).

[0141] For convenience of describing the operation and functionality of the emergency message management controller 302 (FIG. 3), the emergency message management controller 302 was illustrated as a stand-alone unit residing within the emergency message system control center 300. Another embodiment of the emergency message management controller resides in an alternative convenient location outside of the emergency message system control center 300. In such an embodiment, connection 324 may be a connection of suitable length to provide connectivity between processor 308 and the control console 322. In other embodiments, connection 324 may include a plurality of components that provides connectivity over a special purpose network or an existing, general purpose network. For example the emergency message management controller 302 could be in communication with the emergency message system over any one of the communication systems described above and illustrated in FIG. 4. Such a configuration is easily implemented using appropriate interface components. Such interface components residing in an emergency message management controller that are configured to transmit, receive and convert signals are known in the art and, therefore, are not described in detail herein other than to the extent necessary to understand the operation and functioning of these components when employed as part of the emergency message system that is remote from the emergency message system control center 300. One skilled in the art will realize that such known components are too numerous to describe in detail herein, and that any configuration of such known components having the above-described functionality may be implemented without departing substantially from the emergency message system.

[0142] The embodiment of the emergency message system was described herein to include a plurality of transceiver units configured to communicate based upon a predefined communication path specified by the emergency message management controller 302. An alternative embodiment is configured to communicate with other special purpose systems that employ compatible transceivers. For example, a system for monitoring emergency, alarm, climate, or other conditions in a defined territory is disclosed in the co-pending commonly assigned non-provisional application entitled “SYSTEM FOR MONITORING CONDITIONS IN A RESIDENTIAL LIVING COMMUNITY,” filed Mar. 18, 1999, and accorded Ser. No. 09/271,517, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Another system for controlling electricity demand in a defined territory is disclosed in the co-pending commonly assigned non-provisional application entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING POWER DEMAND OVER AN INTEGRATED WIRELESS NETWORK,” filed Aug. 15, 2001, and accorded Ser. No. 09/929,926, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The above applications describe a computerized system for monitoring power and/or other conditions in a defined territory using a network of transceivers communicating back to a remote facility via a plurality of repeaters and a central system (such as a site controller). The plurality of transceivers configured for monitoring power and/or other conditions in a defined territory are integrated with a plurality of transceivers for controlling customer premises appliances, thereby reducing overall facility, maintenance and installation costs by employing common units. For example, a transceiver controlling an air conditioning unit or a transceiver monitoring metered demand (in accordance with the 09/929,926 application) may be integrated to communicate through same transceiver stations, transceiver units and/or site controllers communication emergency messages. The integrated system would simply recognize the transceiver communicating an emergency message and appropriately route communications to and/or from that transceiver to the appropriate remote facility. One skilled in the art will appreciate that an emergency message communication system described herein is interpretable into any other special purpose system or a multipurpose system based upon a network of similarly configured transceivers that communicate through common components.

[0143] Another embodiment of the emergency message system is configured to give communicated emergency messages the highest priority with respect to other communications. For example, but not limited to, an emergency message system may be integrated with another system employing a transceiver network, as described above. The transceiver network would then have a multiplicity of functions, one of which is the communication of emergency messages. If other communications are being communicated across the network, such communications will utilize available bandwidth of the network. When the bandwidth of the network is substantially utilized, such as when large amounts of data are being communicated, an emergency message can be designated, tagged, or otherwise identified as having a high priority. Network transceivers, upon receiving an emergency message identified with a high priority would stop, halt, delay the communication of other messages and/or otherwise make available bandwidth such that emergency message is communicated on a priority basis. Such an embodiment is advantageous when a transceiver network is utilized for a plurality of functions and in ensuring that emergency messages are communicated as quickly as possible.

[0144] Another embodiment employs a power line carrier (PLC) signal to communicate signals from detectors such that a receiving transceiver generates emergency messages into an emergency message system. For example, but not limited to, smoke detector 204a (FIG. 1), in one embodiment, is supplied power via wire 224 which is coupled to the electric distribution network (not shown) within the customer premises 200. Rather than being coupled to the transceiver 202a, the smoke detector communicates signals to the transceiver 226 using PLC signals.

[0145] Transceiver 226 is coupled to the electric distribution network at a suitable location. For convenience of illustration, transceiver 226 is illustrated as being coupled to the electrical outlet 228. One embodiment employs a standard outlet spade-type connector (not shown) to couple the transceiver 226 to the electric distribution network. Another embodiment of the transceiver 226 is coupled to the outlet 228 with wire connections coupled at suitable connection points. Other embodiments of the transceiver 226 is coupled to another suitable location on the electric distribution network such that the transceiver 226 is able to reliably receive signals from the smoke detector 204a.

[0146] Thus, when the smoke detector 204a detects smoke, a PLC signal is communicated form the smoke detector 204a to the transceiver 226 over the electric distribution network. Upon receiving a PLC signal form the smoke detector 204a, the transceiver 226 generates and communicates an emergency signal in any one of the previously described manners. The communication of PLC signals, and the equipment that generates PLC signals, is known in the art, and is therefore not described in further detail other than to the extent necessary to understand the communication of PLC signals to a transceiver employed as part of an emergency signal system.

[0147] Other detectors coupled to the electric distribution network may also be configured to generate PLC signals that are communicated to transceiver 226. Such an embodiment of an integrated security system employing detectors communicating to transceiver 226 with PLC signals is particularly advantageous when it is desirable to limit the number of transceivers employed in the emergency message system.

[0148] Another embodiment of the always-on appliance is configured to communicate with at least one transceiver using PLC signals. For example, but not limited to, the cable TV set box 504 (FIG. 5) is coupled to the electric distribution network (not shown). Rather than coupling the cable TV set box 504 to the transceiver 502, as illustrated in FIG. 5, the cable TV set box 504 is configured to communicate emergency messages using a PLC signal to a transceiver (not shown) coupled to the electric distribution network. Furthermore, any of the above describe always-on appliances can be configured to communicate emergence messages with transceivers using PLC signals.

[0149] It should be emphasized that the above-described embodiments of the present invention, particularly, any “preferred” embodiments, are merely possible examples of implementations, merely set forth for a clear understanding of the principles of the invention. Many variations and modifications may be made to the above-described embodiment(s) of the invention without departing substantially from the spirit and principles of the invention. All such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure and the present invention and protected by the following claims.

Claims

Now, therefore, the following is claimed:

1. A method for communicating emergency messages and cellular communications, the method comprising:

generating an emergency message with an emergency message transceiver, the emergency message having at least an identification code uniquely assigned to the emergency message transceiver;

communicating the emergency message from the emergency message transceiver to a network transceiver that is designated as the next transceiver along a predetermined path through a network of transceivers such that the emergency message is communicated over an intermediary communication system to an emergency message management controller;

redefining the predetermined path when failure of a transceiver along the predetermined path is detected and transmitting path information for the redefined path to transceivers along the predetermined path; and

providing cellular communications from a cellular transceiver configured to communicate with a cellular communication network.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising communicating the emergency message onto the intermediary communication system.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein communicating the emergency message onto the intermediary communication system further comprises converting the emergency message into a suitable Internet signal, and wherein the intermediary communication system is a portion of an Internet.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein communicating the emergency message onto the intermediary communication system further comprises converting the emergency message into a suitable digital signal, and wherein the intermediary communication system is a portion of a digital communication system.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein communicating the emergency message onto the intermediary communication system further comprises converting the emergency message into a suitable telephone signal, and wherein the intermediary communication system is a portion of a public switched telephone network.

6. The method of claim 2, wherein communicating the emergency message onto the intermediary communication system further comprises converting the emergency message into a suitable Internet signal, and wherein the intermediary communication system is a portion of portions of at least an Internet, a digital communication system and a public switched telephone network.

7. The method of claim 2, wherein the intermediary communication system further comprises a combination of portions of at least an Internet and a public switched telephone network.

8. The method of claim 2, wherein the intermediary communication system further comprises a combination of portions of at least an Internet and a digital communication system.

9. The method of claim 2, wherein the intermediary communication system further comprises a combination of portions of at least a digital communication system and a public switched telephone network.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a signal from a sensing device such that generating the emergency message is made in response to receiving the signal from the sensing device.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a signal from a button residing on a personal security device such that generating the emergency message is made in response to receiving the signal from the button.

12. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a signal from a keypad such that generating the emergency message is made in response to receiving the signal from the keypad.

13. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a signal from a pressure sensitive device manually actuated by a person such that generating the emergency message is made in response to receiving the signal from the pressure sensitive device.

14. The method of claim 1, further comprising detecting an emergency 911 call from a mobile communication device by the emergency message transceiver such that generating the emergency message is made in response to detecting an emergency 911 call and such that the location of the mobile communication device is approximated by location information associated with the identification code of the emergency message transceiver.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein generating an emergency message with an emergency message transceiver further includes indicating that the emergency message is a high priority message, and wherein communicating the emergency message from the emergency message transceiver to the network further comprises halting other communications such that the emergency message is communicated on a high priority basis.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein generating an emergency message with an emergency message transceiver further includes indicating that the emergency message is a high priority message, and wherein communicating the emergency message from the emergency message transceiver to the network further comprises creating bandwidth such that the emergency message is communicated on a high priority basis.

17. A method for communicating emergency messages and cellular communications, the method comprising:

predetermining a path for an emergency message by broadcasting path information to components of a transceiver network, such that each component stores the path information in its memory and configures itself to react to a signal for which the component is part of the predetermined path;

receiving an emergency message broadcasted from an emergency message transceiver, the emergency message having at least an identification code uniquely assigned to the emergency message transceiver;

determining information relevant to the received emergency message by associating the information with the identification code of the emergency message transceiver;

communicating the emergency message and the relevant information along a predetermined path selected from a plurality of possible paths over a network of transceivers such that assistance is summoned in response to the received emergency message; and

receiving cellular communications from a cellular transceiver configured to communicate with a cellular communications network.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein determining information further includes determining a location of the emergency message transceiver by associating an address residing in a database with the identification code of the emergency message transceiver.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein determining information further includes determining at least medical information by associating the medical information residing in a database with the identification code of the emergency message transceiver.

20. The method of claim 17, wherein determining information further includes determining a person to be contacted by associating information in a database regarding the person with the identification code of the emergency message transceiver.

21. The method of claim 17, wherein determining information further includes determining a nature of an emergency by associating information residing in a database regarding a device coupled to the emergency message transceiver with the identification code of the emergency message transceiver.

22. The method of claim 17, wherein receiving the emergency message further includes recognizing an emergency 911 call that is detected by the emergency message transceiver, and wherein determining information further includes determining a location of the emergency message transceiver by associating an address residing in a database with the identification code of the emergency message transceiver such that a second location of a device generating the emergency 911 call is approximated.

23. The method of claim 17, further comprising:

receiving a second emergency message from a second emergency message transceiver; and

determining that the received emergency message is to be disregarded.

24. The method of claim 17, further comprising:

generating a second emergency message that is communicated to at least one second emergency message transceiver; and

including within the generated second emergency message information describing of the emergency message.

25. A method for communicating emergency messages and cellular communications, the method comprising:

receiving an emergency message broadcasted from an emergency message management controller, the emergency message having information of interest associated with an emergency message transceiver and a predetermined transmission path that messages from the emergency message transceiver are to follow over a transceiver network;

communicating the emergency message and the information of interest to a display device; and

receiving cellular communications from a cellular transceiver configured to communicate with a cellular communications network.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the display device is a component of an always-on appliance.

27. The method of claim 26, further comprising communicating the emergency message to the always-on appliance using a power line carrier signal (PLC) communicated over an electric distribution system.

28. A system for communicating emergency messages and cellular communications, comprising:

a user device incorporating means for generating an emergency message with an emergency message transceiver, the emergency message having at least an identification code uniquely assigned to the emergency message transceiver, and means for generating cellular messages with a cellular transceiver configured to communicate with a cellular communication network; and

means for redefining the predetermined path when failure of a transceiver along the predetermined path is detected and transmitting path information for the redefined path to transceivers along the predetermined path;

means for communicating the emergency message from the emergency message transceiver to a network transceiver designated as the next transceiver along a predetermined path of transceivers in a transceiver network such that the emergency message is communicated over an intermediary communication system to an emergency message management controller.

29. The system of claim 28, further comprising means for communicating the emergency message onto the intermediary communication system.

30. The system of claim 29, further comprising means for converting the emergency message into a suitable Internet signal, and wherein the intermediary communication system is a portion of an Internet.

31. The system of claim 29, further comprising means for converting the emergency message into a suitable digital signal, and wherein the intermediary communication system is a portion of a digital communication system.

32. The system of claim 29, further comprising means for converting the emergency message into a suitable telephone signal, and wherein the intermediary communication system is a portion of a public switched telephone network.

33. The system of claim 29, further comprising means for converting the emergency message into a suitable Internet signal, and wherein the intermediary communication system is a portion of portions of at least an Internet, a digital communication system and a public switched telephone network.

34. The system of claim 28, further comprising means for receiving a signal from a sensing device such that the means for generating the emergency message generates the emergency message in response to receiving the signal from the sensing device.

35. The system of claim 28, further comprising means for receiving a signal from a button residing on a personal security device such that the means for generating the emergency message generates the emergency message in response to receiving the signal from the button.

36. The system of claim 28, further comprising means for receiving a signal from a keypad such that the means for generating the emergency message generates the emergency message in response to receiving the signal from the keypad.

37. The system of claim 28, further comprising means for receiving a signal from a pressure sensitive device manually actuated by a person such that the means for generating the emergency message generates the emergency message in response to receiving the signal from the pressure sensitive device.

38. The system of claim 28, further comprising means for detecting an emergency 911 call from a mobile communication device by the emergency message transceiver such that the means for generating the emergency message generates the emergency message in response to detecting an emergency 911 call and such that a location of the mobile communication device is approximated by location information associated with the identification code of the emergency message transceiver.

39. A system for communicating emergency messages and cellular communications, comprising:

a device incorporating means for receiving an emergency message broadcasted from an emergency message transceiver, the emergency message having at least an identification code uniquely assigned to the emergency message transceiver, and means for receiving cellular communications from a cellular transceiver wherein the cellular transceiver is configured to communicate with a cellular communication network;

means for determining information relevant to the received emergency message by associating the information with the identification code of the emergency message transceiver; and

means for communicating the emergency message and the relevant information along a predetermined path selected from a plurality of possible paths over a transceiver network such that assistance is summoned in response to the received emergency message.

40. The system of claim 39, wherein the means for determining information further includes means for determining a location of the emergency message transceiver by associating an address residing in a database with the identification code of the emergency message transceiver.

41. The system of claim 39, wherein the means for determining information further includes means for determining at least medical information by associating the medical information residing in a database with the identification code of the emergency message transceiver.

42. The system of claim 39, wherein the means for determining information further includes means for determining a person to be contacted by associating information in a database regarding the person with the identification code of the emergency message transceiver.

43. The system of claim 39, wherein the means for determining information further includes means for determining a nature of an emergency by associating information residing in a database regarding a device coupled to the emergency message transceiver with the identification code of the emergency message transceiver.

44. The system of claim 39, wherein the means for receiving the emergency message further includes means for recognizing an emergency 911 call that is detected by the emergency message transceiver, and wherein the means for determining information further includes means for determining a location of the emergency message transceiver by associating an address residing in a database with the identification code of the emergency message transceiver such that a second location of a device generating the emergency 911 call is approximated.

45. The system of claim 39, further comprising:

means for receiving a second emergency message from a second emergency message transceiver; and

means for determining that the received emergency message is to be disregarded.

46. The system of claim 39, further comprising:

means for generating a second emergency message that is communicated to at least one second emergency message transceiver; and

means for including within the generated second emergency message information describing of the emergency message.

47. A system for communicating emergency messages and cellular communications, comprising:

a device incorporating means for receiving an emergency message broadcasted from an emergency message management controller, the emergency message having information of interest associated with an emergency message transceiver, and means for receiving cellular communications from a cellular transceiver wherein the cellular transceiver is configured to communicate with a cellular communication network;

means for communicating the emergency message and the information of interest along a predetermined path selected from a plurality of possible paths over a transceiver network to a display device.

48. The system of claim 47, wherein the display device is a component of an always-on appliance.

Patent Citations (573)

Patent	Date	Inventor	Cited By
US3665475(A)	1972-05-01	Gram	Applicant
US3705385(A)	1972-12-01	Batz	Applicant
US3723876(A)	1973-03-01	Seaborn, Jr.	Applicant
US3742142(A)	1973-06-01	Martin	Applicant
US3848231(A)	1974-11-01	Wooten	Applicant
US3892948(A)	1975-07-01	Constable	Applicant
US3906460(A)	1975-09-01	Halpern	Applicant
US3914692(A)	1975-10-01	Seaborn, Jr.	Applicant
US3922492(A)	1975-11-01	Lumsden	Applicant
US3925763(A)	1975-12-01	Wadwhani et al.	Applicant
US4025315(A)	1977-05-01	Mazelli	Applicant
US4056684(A)	1977-11-01	Lindstrom	Applicant
US4058672(A)	1977-11-01	Crager et al.	Applicant
US4083003(A)	1978-04-01	Haemmig	Applicant
US4120452(A)	1978-10-01	Kimura et al.	Applicant
US4124839(A)	1978-11-01	Cohen	Applicant
US4135181(A)	1979-01-01	Bogacki et al.	Applicant
US4204195(A)	1980-05-01	Bogacki	Applicant
US4213119(A)	1980-07-01	Ward et al.	Applicant
US4277837(A)	1981-07-01	Stuckert	Applicant
US4278975(A)	1981-07-01	Kimura et al.	Applicant
US4354181(A)	1982-10-01	Spletzer	Applicant
US4396910(A)	1983-08-01	Enemark et al.	Applicant
US4396915(A)	1983-08-01	Farnsworth et al.	Applicant
US4417450(A)	1983-11-01	Morgan, Jr. et al.	Applicant
US4436957(A)	1984-03-01	Mazza	Applicant
US4446454(A)	1984-05-01	Pyle	Applicant
US4454414(A)	1984-06-01	Benton	Applicant
US4468656(A)	1984-08-01	Clifford et al.	Applicant
US4488152(A)	1984-12-01	Arnason et al.	Applicant
US4495496(A)	1985-01-01	Miller, III	Applicant
US4551719(A)	1985-11-01	Carlin et al.	Applicant
US4611198(A)	1986-09-01	Levinson et al.	Applicant
US4621263(A)	1986-11-01	Takenaka et al.	Applicant
US4630035(A)	1986-12-01	Stahl et al.	Applicant
US4631357(A)	1986-12-01	Grunig	Applicant
US4670739(A)	1987-06-01	Kelly, Jr.	Applicant
US4707852(A)	1987-11-01	Jahr et al.	Applicant
US4731810(A)	1988-03-01	Watkins	Applicant
US4742296(A)	1988-05-01	Petr et al.	Applicant
US4757185(A)	1988-07-01	Onishi	Applicant
US4788721(A)	1988-11-01	Krishnan et al.	Applicant
US4800543(A)	1989-01-01	Lyndon-James et al.	Applicant
US4825457(A)	1989-04-01	Lebowitz	Applicant
US4829561(A)	1989-05-01	Matheny	Applicant
US4849815(A)	1989-07-01	Streck	Applicant
US4851654(A)	1989-07-01	Nitta	Applicant
US4856046(A)	1989-08-01	Streck et al.	Applicant
US4857912(A)	1989-08-01	Everett, Jr. et al.	Applicant
US4875231(A)	1989-10-01	Hara et al.	Applicant
US4884132(A)	1989-11-01	Morris et al.	Applicant
US4897644(A)	1990-01-01	Hirano	Applicant
US4906828(A)	1990-03-01	Halpern	Applicant
US4908769(A)	1990-03-01	Vaughan et al.	Applicant
US4918690(A)	1990-04-01	Markkula, Jr. et al.	Applicant
US4918995(A)	1990-04-01	Pearman et al.	Applicant
US4928299(A)	1990-05-01	Tansky et al.	Applicant
US4939726(A)	1990-07-01	Flammer et al.	Applicant
US4940976(A)	1990-07-01	Gastouniotis et al.	Applicant
US4949077(A)	1990-08-01	Mbuthia	Applicant
US4952928(A)	1990-08-01	Carroll et al.	Applicant
US4962496(A)	1990-10-01	Vercellotti et al.	Applicant
US4967366(A)	1990-10-01	Kaehler	Applicant
US4968970(A)	1990-11-01	LaPorte	Applicant
US4968978(A)	1990-11-01	Stolarczyk	Applicant
US4972504(A)	1990-11-01	Daniel, Jr. et al.	Applicant
US4973957(A)	1990-11-01	Shimizu et al.	Applicant
US4973970(A)	1990-11-01	Reeser	Applicant
US4977612(A)	1990-12-01	Wilson	Applicant
US4980907(A)	1990-12-01	Raith et al.	Applicant
US4989230(A)	1991-01-01	Gillig et al.	Applicant
US4993059(A)	1991-02-01	Smith et al.	Examiner
US5007052(A)	1991-04-01	Flammer	Applicant
US5079768(A)	1992-01-01	Flammer	Applicant
US5115433(A)	1992-05-01	Baran et al.	Applicant
US5130987(A)	1992-07-01	Flammer	Applicant
US5216502(A)	1993-06-01	Katz	Applicant
US5221838(A)	1993-06-01	Gutman et al.	Applicant
US5223844(A)	1993-06-01	Mansell et al.	Applicant
US5231658(A)	1993-07-01	Eftechiou	Applicant
US5235630(A)	1993-08-01	Moody et al.	Applicant
US5239294(A)	1993-08-01	Flanders et al.	Applicant
US5239575(A)	1993-08-01	White et al.	Applicant
US5241410(A)	1993-08-01	Streck et al.	Applicant
US5243338(A)	1993-09-01	Brennan, Jr. et al.	Applicant
US5245633(A)	1993-09-01	Schwartz et al.	Applicant
US5252967(A)	1993-10-01	Brennan et al.	Applicant
US5253167(A)	1993-10-01	Yoshida et al.	Applicant
US5265150(A)	1993-11-01	Heimkamp et al.	Applicant
US5265162(A)	1993-11-01	Bush et al.	Applicant
US5266782(A)	1993-11-01	Alanara et al.	Applicant
US5272747(A)	1993-12-01	Meads	Applicant
US5282204(A)	1994-01-01	Shpancer et al.	Applicant
US5282250(A)	1994-01-01	Dent et al.	Applicant
US5289165(A)	1994-02-01	Belin	Applicant
US5291516(A)	1994-03-01	Dixon et al.	Applicant
US5295154(A)	1994-03-01	Meier et al.	Applicant
US5305370(A)	1994-04-01	Kearns et al.	Applicant
US5309501(A)	1994-05-01	Kozik et al.	Applicant
US5315645(A)	1994-05-01	Matheny	Applicant
US5317309(A)	1994-05-01	Vercellotti et al.	Applicant
US5319364(A)	1994-06-01	Waraksa et al.	Applicant
US5319698(A)	1994-06-01	Glidewell et al.	Applicant
US5319711(A)	1994-06-01	Servi	Applicant
US5323384(A)	1994-06-01	Norwood et al.	Applicant
US5325429(A)	1994-06-01	Kurgan	Applicant
US5329394(A)	1994-07-01	Calvani et al.	Applicant
US5331318(A)	1994-07-01	Montgomery	Applicant
US5334974(A)	1994-08-01	Simms et al.	Applicant
US5335265(A)	1994-08-01	Cooper et al.	Applicant
US5343493(A)	1994-08-01	Karimullah	Applicant
US5345231(A)	1994-09-01	Koo et al.	Applicant
US5345595(A)	1994-09-01	Johnson et al.	Applicant
US5347263(A)	1994-09-01	Carroll et al.	Applicant
US5354974(A)	1994-10-01	Eisenberg	Applicant
US5355278(A)	1994-10-01	Hosoi et al.	Applicant
US5355513(A)	1994-10-01	Clarke et al.	Applicant
US5365217(A)	1994-11-01	Toner	Applicant
US5371736(A)	1994-12-01	Evan	Applicant
US5382778(A)	1995-01-01	Takahira et al.	Applicant
US5383134(A)	1995-01-01	Wrzesinski	Applicant
US5406619(A)	1995-04-01	Akhteruzzaman et al.	Applicant
US5412192(A)	1995-05-01	Hoss	Applicant
US5412760(A)	1995-05-01	Peitz	Applicant
US5416475(A)	1995-05-01	Tolbert et al.	Applicant
US5416725(A)	1995-05-01	Pacheco et al.	Applicant
US5418812(A)	1995-05-01	Reyes et al.	Applicant
US5420910(A)	1995-05-01	Rudokas et al.	Applicant
US5424708(A)	1995-06-01	Ballestry et al.	Applicant
US5432507(A)	1995-07-01	Mussino et al.	Applicant
US5438329(A)	1995-08-01	Gastouniotis et al.	Applicant
US5439414(A)	1995-08-01	Jacob	Applicant
US5442553(A)	1995-08-01	Parrillo	Applicant
US5445287(A)	1995-08-01	Center et al.	Applicant
US5451929(A)	1995-09-01	Adelman et al.	Applicant
US5451938(A)	1995-09-01	Brennan, Jr.	Applicant
US5452344(A)	1995-09-01	Larson	Applicant
US5454024(A)	1995-09-01	Lebowitz	Applicant
US5465401(A)	1995-11-01	Thompson	Applicant
US5467074(A)	1995-11-01	Pedtke	Applicant
US5467082(A)	1995-11-01	Sanderson	Applicant
US5467345(A)	1995-11-01	Cutler et al.	Applicant
US5468948(A)	1995-11-01	Koenck et al.	Applicant
US5471201(A)	1995-11-01	Cerami et al.	Applicant
US5473322(A)	1995-12-01	Carney	Applicant
US5475689(A)	1995-12-01	Kay et al.	Applicant
US5481259(A)	1996-01-01	Bane	Applicant
US5481532(A)	1996-01-01	Hassan et al.	Applicant
US5484997(A)	1996-01-01	Haynes	Applicant
US5488608(A)	1996-01-01	Flammer, III	Applicant
US5493273(A)	1996-02-01	Smurlo et al.	Applicant
US5493287(A)	1996-02-01	Bane	Applicant
US5506837(A)	1996-04-01	Sollner et al.	Applicant
US5509073(A)	1996-04-01	Monnin	Applicant
US5513244(A)	1996-04-01	Joao et al.	Applicant
US5515419(A)	1996-05-01	Sheffer	Applicant
US5517188(A)	1996-05-01	Caroll et al.	Applicant
US5522089(A)	1996-05-01	Kikinis et al.	Applicant
US5528215(A)	1996-06-01	Siu et al.	Applicant
US5539825(A)	1996-07-01	Akiyama et al.	Applicant
US5541938(A)	1996-07-01	Di Zenzo et al.	Applicant
US5542100(A)	1996-07-01	Hatakeyama	Applicant
US5544036(A)	1996-08-01	Brown, Jr. et al.	Applicant
US5544784(A)	1996-08-01	Malaspina	Applicant
US5548632(A)	1996-08-01	Walsh et al.	Applicant
US5550358(A)	1996-08-01	Tait et al.	Applicant
US5550359(A)	1996-08-01	Bennett	Applicant
US5550535(A)	1996-08-01	Park	Applicant
US5553094(A)	1996-09-01	Johnson et al.	Applicant
US5555258(A)	1996-09-01	Snelling et al.	Applicant
US5555286(A)	1996-09-01	Tendler	Examiner
US5562537(A)	1996-10-01	Zver et al.	Applicant
US5565857(A)	1996-10-01	Lee	Applicant
US5568535(A)	1996-10-01	Sheffer et al.	Applicant
US5570084(A)	1996-10-01	Ritter et al.	Applicant
US5572438(A)	1996-11-01	Ehlers et al.	Applicant
US5573181(A)	1996-11-01	Ahmed	Applicant
US5574111(A)	1996-11-01	Brichta et al.	Applicant
US5583850(A)	1996-12-01	Snodgrass et al.	Applicant
US5587705(A)	1996-12-01	Morris	Applicant
US5589878(A)	1996-12-01	Cortjens et al.	Applicant
US5590038(A)	1996-12-01	Pitroda	Applicant
US5590179(A)	1996-12-01	Shincovich et al.	Applicant
US5592491(A)	1997-01-01	Dinkins et al.	Applicant
US5594431(A)	1997-01-01	Sheppard et al.	Applicant
US5596719(A)	1997-01-01	Ramakrishnan et al.	Applicant
US5602843(A)	1997-02-01	Gray	Applicant
US5604414(A)	1997-02-01	Milligan et al.	Applicant
US5604869(A)	1997-02-01	Mincher et al.	Applicant
US5606361(A)	1997-02-01	Davidsohn et al.	Applicant
US5608786(A)	1997-03-01	Gordon	Applicant
US5613620(A)	1997-03-01	Center et al.	Applicant
US5615277(A)	1997-03-01	Hoffman	Applicant
US5619192(A)	1997-04-01	Ayala	Applicant
US5625410(A)	1997-04-01	Washino et al.	Applicant
US5628050(A)	1997-05-01	McGraw et al.	Applicant
US5629687(A)	1997-05-01	Sutton et al.	Applicant
US5629875(A)	1997-05-01	Adair, Jr.	Applicant
US5630209(A)	1997-05-01	Wizgall et al.	Applicant
US5631554(A)	1997-05-01	Briese et al.	Applicant
US5636216(A)	1997-06-01	Fox et al.	Applicant
US5644294(A)	1997-07-01	Ness	Applicant
US5655219(A)	1997-08-01	Jusa et al.	Applicant
US5657389(A)	1997-08-01	Houvener	Applicant
US5659300(A)	1997-08-01	Dresselhuys et al.	Applicant
US5659303(A)	1997-08-01	Adair, Jr.	Applicant
US5668876(A)	1997-09-01	Falk et al.	Applicant
US5673252(A)	1997-09-01	Johnson et al.	Applicant
US5673304(A)	1997-09-01	Connor et al.	Applicant
US5673305(A)	1997-09-01	Ross	Applicant
US5682139(A)	1997-10-01	Pradeep et al.	Applicant
US5682476(A)	1997-10-01	Tapperson et al.	Applicant
US5689229(A)	1997-11-01	Chaco et al.	Applicant
US5699328(A)	1997-12-01	Ishizaki et al.	Applicant
US5701002(A)	1997-12-01	Oishi et al.	Applicant
US5704046(A)	1997-12-01	Hogan	Applicant
US5704517(A)	1998-01-01	Lancaster, Jr.	Applicant
US5706191(A)	1998-01-01	Bassett et al.	Applicant
US5706976(A)	1998-01-01	Purkey	Applicant
US5708223(A)	1998-01-01	Wyss	Applicant
US5708655(A)	1998-01-01	Toth	Applicant
US5712619(A)	1998-01-01	Simkin	Applicant
US5712980(A)	1998-01-01	Beeler et al.	Applicant
US5714931(A)	1998-02-01	Petite et al.	Applicant
US5717718(A)	1998-02-01	Rowsell et al.	Applicant
US5726634(A)	1998-03-01	Hess et al.	Applicant
US5726984(A)	1998-03-01	Kubler et al.	Applicant
US5732074(A)	1998-03-01	Spaur et al.	Applicant
US5732078(A)	1998-03-01	Arango	Applicant
US5736965(A)	1998-04-01	Mosebrook et al.	Applicant
US5740232(A)	1998-04-01	Pailles et al.	Applicant
US5742509(A)	1998-04-01	Goldberg et al.	Applicant
US5745849(A)	1998-04-01	Britton	Applicant
US5748104(A)	1998-05-01	Argyroudis et al.	Applicant
US5748619(A)	1998-05-01	Meier	Applicant
US5754111(A)	1998-05-01	Garcia	Applicant
US5754227(A)	1998-05-01	Fukuoka	Applicant
US5757783(A)	1998-05-01	Eng et al.	Applicant
US5757788(A)	1998-05-01	Tatsumi et al.	Applicant
US5761083(A)	1998-06-01	Brown, Jr. et al.	Applicant
US5764742(A)	1998-06-01	Howard et al.	Applicant
US5767791(A)	1998-06-01	Stoop et al.	Applicant
US5771274(A)	1998-06-01	Harris	Applicant
US5774052(A)	1998-06-01	Hamm et al.	Applicant
US5781143(A)	1998-07-01	Rossin	Applicant
US5790644(A)	1998-08-01	Kikinis	Applicant
US5790662(A)	1998-08-01	Valerij et al.	Applicant
US5790938(A)	1998-08-01	Talarmo	Applicant
US5796727(A)	1998-08-01	Harrison et al.	Applicant
US5798964(A)	1998-08-01	Shimizu et al.	Applicant
US5801643(A)	1998-09-01	Williams et al.	Applicant
US5815505(A)	1998-09-01	Mills	Applicant
US5818822(A)	1998-10-01	Thomas et al.	Applicant
US5822273(A)	1998-10-01	Bary et al.	Applicant
US5822544(A)	1998-10-01	Chaco et al.	Applicant
US5825772(A)	1998-10-01	Dobbins et al.	Applicant
US5826195(A)	1998-10-01	Westerlage et al.	Applicant
US5828044(A)	1998-10-01	Jun et al.	Applicant
US5832057(A)	1998-11-01	Furman	Applicant
US5838223(A)	1998-11-01	Gallant et al.	Applicant
US5838237(A)	1998-11-01	Revell et al.	Applicant
US5838812(A)	1998-11-01	Pare, Jr. et al.	Applicant
US5841118(A)	1998-11-01	East et al.	Applicant
US5841764(A)	1998-11-01	Roderique et al.	Applicant
US5842976(A)	1998-12-01	Williamson	Applicant
US5844808(A)	1998-12-01	Konsmo et al.	Applicant
US5845230(A)	1998-12-01	Lamberson	Applicant
US5852658(A)	1998-12-01	Knight et al.	Applicant
US5854994(A)	1998-12-01	Canada et al.	Applicant
US5862201(A)	1999-01-01	Sands	Applicant
US5864772(A)	1999-01-01	Alvarado et al.	Applicant
US5873043(A)	1999-02-01	Comer	Applicant
US5874903(A)	1999-02-01	Shuey et al.	Applicant
US5880677(A)	1999-03-01	Lestician	Applicant
US5884184(A)	1999-03-01	Sheffer	Applicant
US5884271(A)	1999-03-01	Pitroda	Applicant
US5886333(A)	1999-03-01	Miyake	Applicant
US5889468(A)	1999-03-01	Banga	Applicant
US5892690(A)	1999-04-01	Boatman et al.	Applicant
US5892758(A)	1999-04-01	Argyroudis	Applicant
US5892924(A)	1999-04-01	Lyon et al.	Applicant
US5896097(A)	1999-04-01	Cardozo	Applicant
US5897607(A)	1999-04-01	Jenney et al.	Applicant
US5898369(A)	1999-04-01	Godwin	Applicant
US5905438(A)	1999-05-01	Weiss et al.	Applicant
US5907291(A)	1999-05-01	Chen et al.	Applicant
US5907491(A)	1999-05-01	Canada et al.	Applicant
US5907540(A)	1999-05-01	Hayashi	Applicant
US5907807(A)	1999-05-01	Chavez, Jr. et al.	Applicant
US5914672(A)	1999-06-01	Glorioso et al.	Applicant
US5914673(A)	1999-06-01	Jennings et al.	Applicant
US5917405(A)	1999-06-01	Joao	Applicant
US5917629(A)	1999-06-01	Hortensius et al.	Applicant
US5923269(A)	1999-07-01	Shuey et al.	Applicant
US5926103(A)	1999-07-01	Petite	Applicant
US5926529(A)	1999-07-01	Hache et al.	Applicant
US5926531(A)	1999-07-01	Petite	Applicant
US5933073(A)	1999-08-01	Shuey	Applicant
US5941363(A)	1999-08-01	Partyka et al.	Applicant
US5941955(A)	1999-08-01	Wilby et al.	Applicant
US5948040(A)	1999-09-01	DeLorme et al.	Applicant
US5949779(A)	1999-09-01	Mostafa et al.	Applicant
US5949799(A)	1999-09-01	Grivna et al.	Applicant
US5953319(A)	1999-09-01	Dutta et al.	Applicant
US5953371(A)	1999-09-01	Rowsell et al.	Applicant
US5955718(A)	1999-09-01	Levasseur et al.	Applicant
US5960074(A)	1999-09-01	Clark	Applicant
US5963146(A)	1999-10-01	Johnson et al.	Applicant
US5963452(A)	1999-10-01	Etoh et al.	Applicant
US5966658(A)	1999-10-01	Kennedy, III et al.	Applicant
US5969608(A)	1999-10-01	Sojdehei et al.	Applicant
US5973756(A)	1999-10-01	Erlin	Applicant
US5974236(A)	1999-10-01	Sherman	Applicant
US5978364(A)	1999-11-01	Melnik	Applicant
US5978371(A)	1999-11-01	Mason, Jr. et al.	Applicant
US5986574(A)	1999-11-01	Colton	Applicant
US5987421(A)	1999-11-01	Chuang	Applicant
US5991625(A)	1999-11-01	Vanderpool	Applicant
US5991639(A)	1999-11-01	Rautiola et al.	Applicant
US5994892(A)	1999-11-01	Turino et al.	Applicant
US5995592(A)	1999-11-01	Shirai et al.	Applicant
US5995593(A)	1999-11-01	Cho	Applicant
US5997170(A)	1999-12-01	Brodbeck	Applicant
US5999094(A)	1999-12-01	Nilssen	Applicant
US6005759(A)	1999-12-01	Hart et al.	Applicant
US6005963(A)	1999-12-01	Bolle et al.	Applicant
US6021664(A)	2000-02-01	Granato et al.	Applicant
US6023223(A)	2000-02-01	Baxter, Jr.	Applicant
US6028522(A)	2000-02-01	Petite	Applicant
US6028857(A)	2000-02-01	Poor	Applicant
US6031455(A)	2000-02-01	Grube et al.	Applicant
US6032197(A)	2000-02-01	Birdwell et al.	Applicant
US6035213(A)	2000-03-01	Tokuda et al.	Applicant
US6035266(A)	2000-03-01	Williams et al.	Applicant
US6036086(A)	2000-03-01	Sizer, II et al.	Applicant
US6038491(A)	2000-03-01	McGarry et al.	Applicant
US6044062(A)	2000-03-01	Brownrigg et al.	Applicant
US6054920(A)	2000-04-01	Smith et al.	Applicant
US6060994(A)	2000-05-01	Chen	Applicant
US6061604(A)	2000-05-01	Russ et al.	Applicant
US6064318(A)	2000-05-01	Kirchner, III et al.	Applicant
US6067017(A)	2000-05-01	Stewart et al.	Examiner
US6067030(A)	2000-05-01	Burnett et al.	Applicant
US6069886(A)	2000-05-01	Ayerst et al.	Applicant
US6073169(A)	2000-06-01	Shuey et al.	Applicant
US6073266(A)	2000-06-01	Ahmed et al.	Applicant
US6073840(A)	2000-06-01	Marion	Applicant
US6075451(A)	2000-06-01	Lebowitz et al.	Applicant
US6087957(A)	2000-07-01	Gray	Applicant
US6088659(A)	2000-07-01	Kelley et al.	Applicant
US6094622(A)	2000-07-01	Hubbard et al.	Applicant
US6100817(A)	2000-08-01	Mason, Jr. et al.	Applicant
US6101427(A)	2000-08-01	Yang	Applicant
US6101445(A)	2000-08-01	Alvarado et al.	Applicant
US6112983(A)	2000-09-01	D'Anniballe et al.	Applicant
US6115580(A)	2000-09-01	Chuprun et al.	Applicant
US6119076(A)	2000-09-01	Williams et al.	Applicant
US6121593(A)	2000-09-01	Mansbery et al.	Applicant
US6121885(A)	2000-09-01	Masone et al.	Applicant
US6124806(A)	2000-09-01	Cunningham et al.	Applicant
US6127917(A)	2000-10-01	Tuttle	Applicant
US6128551(A)	2000-10-01	Davis et al.	Applicant
US6130622(A)	2000-10-01	Hussey et al.	Applicant
US6133850(A)	2000-10-01	Moore	Applicant
US6137423(A)	2000-10-01	Glorioso et al.	Applicant
US6140975(A)	2000-10-01	Cohen	Applicant
US6150936(A)	2000-11-01	Addy	Applicant
US6150955(A)	2000-11-01	Tracy et al.	Applicant
US6157464(A)	2000-12-01	Bloomfield et al.	Applicant
US6157824(A)	2000-12-01	Bailey	Applicant
US6163276(A)	2000-12-01	Irving et al.	Applicant
US6172616(B1)	2001-01-01	Johnson et al.	Applicant
US6174205(B1)	2001-01-01	Madsen et al.	Applicant
US6175922(B1)	2001-01-01	Wang	Applicant
US6177883(B1)	2001-01-01	Jennetti et al.	Applicant
US6181255(B1)	2001-01-01	Crimmins et al.	Applicant
US6181284(B1)	2001-01-01	Madsen et al.	Applicant
US6181981(B1)	2001-01-01	Varga et al.	Applicant
US6188354(B1)	2001-02-01	Soliman et al.	Applicant
US6192390(B1)	2001-02-01	Berger et al.	Applicant
US6198390(B1)	2001-03-01	Schlager et al.	Applicant
US6199068(B1)	2001-03-01	Carpenter	Applicant
US6208266(B1)	2001-03-01	Lyons et al.	Applicant
US6215440(B1)	2001-04-01	Geldart et al.	Applicant
US6218953(B1)	2001-04-01	Petite	Applicant
US6218983(B1)	2001-04-01	Kerry et al.	Applicant
US6219409(B1)	2001-04-01	Smith et al.	Applicant
US6229439(B1)	2001-05-01	Tice	Applicant
US6233327(B1)	2001-05-01	Petite	Applicant
US6234111(B1)	2001-05-01	Ulman et al.	Applicant
US6236332(B1)	2001-05-01	Conkright et al.	Applicant
US6243010(B1)	2001-06-01	Addy et al.	Applicant
US6246677(B1)	2001-06-01	Nap et al.	Applicant
US6246886(B1)	2001-06-01	Oliva	Applicant
US6249516(B1)	2001-06-01	Brownrigg et al.	Applicant
US6259369(B1)	2001-07-01	Monico	Applicant
US6286756(B1)	2001-09-01	Stinson et al.	Applicant
US6288634(B1)	2001-09-01	Weiss et al.	Applicant
US6288641(B1)	2001-09-01	Carsais	Applicant
US6295291(B1)	2001-09-01	Larkins	Applicant
US6301514(B1)	2001-10-01	Canada et al.	Applicant
US6304556(B1)	2001-10-01	Haas	Applicant
US6305602(B1)	2001-10-01	Grabowski et al.	Applicant
US6308111(B1)	2001-10-01	Koga	Applicant
US6311167(B1)	2001-10-01	Davis et al.	Applicant
US6314169(B1)	2001-11-01	Schelberg, Jr. et al.	Applicant
US6317029(B1)	2001-11-01	Fleeter	Applicant
US6334117(B1)	2001-12-01	Covert et al.	Applicant
US6351223(B1)	2002-02-01	DeWeerd et al.	Applicant
US6356205(B1)	2002-03-01	Salvo et al.	Applicant
US6357034(B1)	2002-03-01	Muller et al.	Applicant
US6362745(B1)	2002-03-01	Davis	Applicant
US6363057(B1)	2002-03-01	Ardalan et al.	Applicant
US6366217(B1)	2002-04-01	Cunningham et al.	Applicant
US6369769(B1)	2002-04-01	Nap et al.	Applicant
US6370489(B1)	2002-04-01	Williams et al.	Applicant
US6373399(B1)	2002-04-01	Johnson et al.	Applicant
US6380851(B1)	2002-04-01	Gilbert et al.	Applicant
US6384722(B1)	2002-05-01	Williams	Applicant
US6393341(B1)	2002-05-01	Lawrence et al.	Applicant
US6393381(B1)	2002-05-01	Williams et al.	Applicant
US6393382(B1)	2002-05-01	Williams et al.	Applicant
US6396839(B1)	2002-05-01	Ardalan et al.	Applicant
US6400819(B1)	2002-06-01	Nakano et al.	Applicant
US6401081(B1)	2002-06-01	Montgomery et al.	Applicant
US6405018(B1)	2002-06-01	Reudink et al.	Examiner
US6411889(B1)	2002-06-01	Mizunuma et al.	Applicant
US6415245(B2)	2002-07-01	Williams et al.	Applicant
US6421354(B1)	2002-07-01	Godlewski	Applicant
US6421731(B1)	2002-07-01	Ciotti, Jr. et al.	Applicant
US6422464(B1)	2002-07-01	Terranova	Applicant
US6424270(B1)	2002-07-01	Ali	Applicant
US6424931(B1)	2002-07-01	Sigmar et al.	Applicant
US6430268(B1)	2002-08-01	Petite	Applicant
US6431439(B1)	2002-08-01	Suer et al.	Applicant
US6437692(B1)	2002-08-01	Petite et al.	Applicant
US6438575(B1)	2002-08-01	Khan et al.	Applicant
US6445291(B2)	2002-09-01	Addy et al.	Applicant
US6456960(B1)	2002-09-01	Williams et al.	Applicant
US6457038(B1)	2002-09-01	Defosse	Applicant
US6462644(B1)	2002-10-01	Howell et al.	Applicant
US6462672(B1)	2002-10-01	Besson	Applicant
US6477558(B1)	2002-11-01	Irving et al.	Applicant
US6483290(B1)	2002-11-01	Hemminger et al.	Applicant
US6484939(B1)	2002-11-01	Blaeuer	Applicant
US6489884(B1)	2002-12-01	Lamberson et al.	Applicant
US6491828(B1)	2002-12-01	Sivavec et al.	Applicant
US6492910(B1)	2002-12-01	Ragle et al.	Applicant
US6504357(B1)	2003-01-01	Hemminger et al.	Applicant
US6507794(B1)	2003-01-01	Hubbard et al.	Applicant
US6509722(B2)	2003-01-01	Lopata	Applicant
US6519568(B1)	2003-02-01	Harvey et al.	Applicant
US6538577(B1)	2003-03-01	Ehrke et al.	Applicant
US6542076(B1)	2003-04-01	Joao	Applicant
US6542077(B2)	2003-04-01	Joao	Applicant
US6543690(B2)	2003-04-01	Leydier et al.	Applicant
US6560223(B1)	2003-05-01	Egan et al.	Applicant
US6574603(B1)	2003-06-01	Dickson et al.	Applicant
US6584080(B1)	2003-06-01	Ganz et al.	Applicant
US6600726(B1)	2003-07-01	Nevo et al.	Applicant
US6608551(B1)	2003-08-01	Anderson et al.	Applicant
US6618578(B1)	2003-09-01	Petite	Applicant
US6618709(B1)	2003-09-01	Sneeringer	Applicant
US6628764(B1)	2003-09-01	Petite	Applicant
US6628965(B1)	2003-09-01	LaRosa et al.	Applicant
US6653945(B2)	2003-11-01	Johnson et al.	Applicant
US6671586(B2)	2003-12-01	Davis et al.	Applicant
US6674403(B2)	2004-01-01	Gray et al.	Applicant
US6678255(B1)	2004-01-01	Kuriyan	Applicant
US6678285(B1)	2004-01-01	Garg	Applicant
US6731201(B1)	2004-05-01	Bailey et al.	Applicant
US6735630(B1)	2004-05-01	Gelvin et al.	Applicant
US6747557(B1)	2004-06-01	Petite et al.	Applicant
US6771981(B1)	2004-08-01	Zalewski et al.	Applicant
US6804532(B1)	2004-10-01	Moon et al.	Applicant
US6891838(B1)	2005-05-01	Petite	Applicant
US6914533(B2)	2005-07-01	Petite	Applicant
US6914893(B2)	2005-07-01	Petite	Applicant
US6959550(B2)	2005-11-01	Freeman et al.	Applicant
US7054271(B2)	2006-05-01	Brownrigg et al.	Applicant
US2001/0002210(A1)	2001-05-01	Petite	Applicant
US2001/0003479(A1)	2001-06-01	Fujiwara	Applicant
US2001/0021646(A1)	2001-09-01	Antonucci et al.	Examiner
US2001/0024163(A1)	2001-09-01	Petite	Applicant
US2001/0034223(A1)	2001-10-01	Rieser et al.	Examiner
US2001/0038343(A1)	2001-11-01	Meyer et al.	Applicant
US2002/0002444(A1)	2002-01-01	Williams et al.	Applicant
US2002/0012323(A1)	2002-01-01	Petite	Applicant
US2002/0013679(A1)	2002-01-01	Petite	Applicant
US2002/0019725(A1)	2002-02-01	Petite	Applicant
US2002/0027504(A1)	2002-03-01	Petite	Applicant
US2002/0031101(A1)	2002-03-01	Petite	Applicant
US2002/0032746(A1)	2002-03-01	Lazaridis	Applicant
US2002/0061031(A1)	2002-05-01	Sugar et al.	Applicant
US2002/0072348(A1)	2002-06-01	Wheeler et al.	Examiner
US2002/0089428(A1)	2002-07-01	Walden et al.	Applicant
US2002/0095399(A1)	2002-07-01	Devine et al.	Applicant
US2002/0098858(A1)	2002-07-01	Struhsaker	Examiner
US2002/0109607(A1)	2002-08-01	Cumeralto et al.	Applicant
US2002/0136233(A1)	2002-09-01	Chen et al.	Applicant
US2002/0158774(A1)	2002-10-01	Johnson et al.	Applicant
US2002/0163442(A1)	2002-11-01	Fischer	Applicant
US2002/0169643(A1)	2002-11-01	Petite	Applicant
US2002/0193144(A1)	2002-12-01	Belski et al.	Applicant
US2003/0001754(A1)	2003-01-01	Johnson et al.	Applicant
US2003/0028632(A1)	2003-02-01	Davis	Applicant
US2003/0030926(A1)	2003-02-01	Aguren et al.	Applicant
US2003/0034900(A1)	2003-02-01	Han	Applicant
US2003/0036822(A1)	2003-02-01	Davis et al.	Applicant
US2003/0046377(A1)	2003-03-01	Daum et al.	Applicant
US2003/0058818(A1)	2003-03-01	Wilkes et al.	Applicant
US2003/0069002(A1)	2003-04-01	Hunter et al.	Examiner
US2003/0073406(A1)	2003-04-01	Benjamin et al.	Examiner
US2003/0093484(A1)	2003-05-01	Petite	Applicant
US2003/0133473(A1)	2003-07-01	Manis et al.	Examiner
US2003/0169710(A1)	2003-09-01	Fan et al.	Applicant
US2003/0185204(A1)	2003-10-01	Murdock	Applicant
US2003/0210638(A1)	2003-11-01	Yoo	Applicant
US2004/0047324(A1)	2004-03-01	Diener	Applicant
US2004/0053639(A1)	2004-03-01	Petite	Applicant
US2004/0131125(A1)	2004-07-01	Standerford, Jr. et al.	Applicant
US2004/0183687(A1)	2004-09-01	Petite	Applicant
US2004/0228330(A1)	2004-11-01	Kubler et al.	Applicant
US2005/0190055(A1)	2005-09-01	Petite	Applicant
US2005/0195768(A1)	2005-09-01	Petite	Applicant
US2005/0195775(A1)	2005-09-01	Petite	Applicant
US2005/0201397(A1)	2005-09-01	Petite	Applicant
US2005/0243867(A1)	2005-11-01	Petite	Applicant
US2006/0095876(A1)	2006-05-01	Brownrigg et al.	Applicant
EP718954	1996-06-01		Applicant
EP825577	1998-02-01		Applicant
EP1096454	2001-05-01		Applicant
FR2817110	2002-05-01		Applicant
GB2229302	1990-09-01		Applicant
GB2247761	1992-03-01		Applicant
GB2262683	1993-06-01		Applicant
GB2297663	1996-08-01		Applicant
GB2310779	1997-09-01		Applicant
GB2326002	1998-12-01		Applicant
GB2336272	1999-10-01		Applicant
GB2352004	2001-01-01		Applicant
GB2352590	2001-01-01		Applicant
JP60261288	1985-12-01		Applicant
JP1255100	1989-10-01		Applicant
JP11353573	1999-12-01		Applicant
JP200113590	2000-04-01		Applicant
JP2001063425	2001-03-01		Applicant
JP2001088401	2001-04-01		Applicant
JP2001309069	2001-11-01		Applicant
JP2001319284	2001-11-01		Applicant
JP2001357483	2001-12-01		Applicant
JP2002007672	2002-01-01		Applicant
JP2002007826	2002-01-01		Applicant
JP2002085354	2002-03-01		Applicant
JP2002171354	2002-06-01		Applicant
KR2001025431	2001-04-01		Applicant
NO3/021877	2003-03-01		Applicant
WO90/13197	1990-11-01		Applicant
WO9524177	1995-09-01		Applicant
WO98/00056	1998-01-01		Applicant
WO98/37528	1998-08-01		Applicant
WO99/13426	1999-03-01		Applicant
WO200023956(A1)	2000-04-01		Examiner
WO1/15114	2000-08-01		Applicant
WO1/24109	2001-04-01		Applicant
WO2/08725	2002-01-01		Applicant
WO2/08866	2002-01-01		Applicant
WO2/052521	2002-07-01		Applicant
WO2/052521	2002-07-01		Applicant
WO3/007264	2003-01-01		Applicant
WO3/007264	2003-01-01		Applicant
WO3/021877	2003-03-01		Applicant
WO4002014	2003-12-01		Applicant

Non-Patent Literature (25)

Westcott, Jil et al., “A Distributed Routing Design For A Broadcast Environment”, IEEE 1982, pp. 10.4.0-10.4.5.Applicant
Khan, Robert E. et al., “Advances in Packet Radio Technology”, IEEE Nov. 1978, vol. 66, No. 11, pp. 1468-1496.Applicant
Frankel, Michael S., “Packet Radios Provide Link for Distributed, Survivable C3 in Post-Attack Scenarios”, MSN Jun. 1983.Applicant
Lauer, Greg et al., “Survivable Protocols for Large Scale Packet Radio Networks”, IEEE 1984, pp. 15.1-1 to 15.1-4.Applicant
Gower, Neil et al., “Congestion Control Using Pacing in a Packet Radio Network”, IEEE 1982, pp. 23.1-1 to 23.1-6.Applicant
MacGregor, William et al., “Multiple Control Stations in Packet Radio Networks”, IEEE 1982, pp. 10.3-1 to 10.3-5.Applicant
Shacham, Nachum et al., “Future Directions in Packet Radio Technology”, IEEE 1985, pp. 93-98.Applicant
Jubin, John, “Current Packet Radio Network Protocols”, IEEE 1985, pp. 86-92.Applicant
Westcott, Jill A., Issues in Distributed Routing for Mobile Packet Radio Network, IEEE 1982, pp. 233 238.Applicant
Lynch, Clifford A. et al., Packet Radio Networks, “Architectures, Protocols, Technologies and Applications,”.Applicant
Brownrigg, Edwin, “User Provided Access to the Internet,”, Open Access Solutions, http://web.simmons.edu/chen/nit/NIT'92/033-bro.htm, Jun. 8, 2005-Jun. 9, 2005.Applicant
Khan, Robert E., “The Organization of Computer Resources into a Packet Radio Network,” IEEE, Jan. 1977, vol. Com-25 No. 1, pp. 169-178.Applicant
Westcott, Jill A., “Issues in Distributed Routing for Mobile Packet Radio Network,” IEEE 1982, pp. 233-238.Applicant
Brownrigg, E.B. et al.; A Packet Radio Network for Library Automation; IEEE (1987); pp. 456-462.Applicant
Brownrigg, E.B. et al.; A Packet Radio Networks; Architectures, Protocols, Technologies and Applications (1987), (introduction pp. ix-xviii); pp. 3-274.Applicant
Brownrigg, E.B. et al.; Distributions, Networks, and Networking: Options for Dissemination; Workshop on Electronic Texts Session III (http://palimpsest.standford.edu/byorg/lc/etextw/sess3.html 1992): pp. 1-10.Applicant
Brownrigg, E.B. et al.; User Provided Access to the Internet; (http://web.simmons.edu/˜chen/nit/NIT'92/033-bro.htm 2005) pp. 1-6.Applicant
Wey, Jyhi-Kong et al.; Clone Terminator: An Authentication Service for Advanced Mobile Phone System; IEEE (1995); pp. 175-179.Applicant
Davis, A.B. et al.; Knowledge-Based Management of Cellular Clone Fraud; IEEE (1992); pp. 230-234.Applicant
Johnson, David B.; Routing in Ad Hoc Networks of Mobile Hosts; IEEE (1995); pp. 158-163.Applicant
Jubin, John and Tornow, Janet D., “The Darpa Packet Radio Network Protocols, ” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 75, No. 1, Jan. 1987, pp. 21-32.Applicant
Kleinrock, Leonard and Kamoun, Farouk, “Hierarchical Routing for Large Networks,” North-Holland Publishing Company, Computer Networks 1, 1997, pp. 155-174.Applicant
Perkins, C.E. et al.; Highly Dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing (DSDV) for Mobile Computers; SIGCOMM 94-9/94 London England UK (1994); pp. 234-244.Applicant
Wu, J.; Distributed System Design; CRC Press (1999); pp. 177-180 and 204.Applicant
Khan, Robert E., Gronemeyer, Steven A. Burchfiel, Jerry, and Kunzelman, Ronald C., “Advances in Packet Radio Technology” IEEE Nov. 1978, vol. 66, No. 11, pp. 1468-149.Applicant

Abstract