Urethane compositions containing carbinol-functional silicone resins

[0001] This application is a U.S. national stage filing under 35 U.S.C. §371 of PCT application Ser. No. PCT/US2004/033190 filed on 08 Oct. 2004, currently pending, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/510235 filed 10 Oct. 2003 under 35 U.S.C. §119 (e). PCT Application No. PCT/US2004/033190 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/510235 are hereby incorporated by reference.

[0002] Siloxane resins are known in the art to have exceptional thermal stability and weatherability including low water absorption. However, their poor toughness, adhesion and dimensional stability (low Tg, high CTE) leapt their utility. Urethane resins exhibit very good toughness, but suffer from marginal thermal stability and weatherability. This invention relates to the use of carbinol-functional silicone resins as a component in preparing urethane compositions which can act as protective coatings, for example, as wood floor coatings or in electronics packaging. Alternatively, cell stabilizers and foaming agents can be added to the urethane compositions of this invention to produce polyurethane foams with enhanced thermal stability. Carbinol-containing siloxanes have been used in urethane compositions in the art. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,684,538 is disclosed silicone urethane compounds, e.g., a polysiloxane urethane (meth)acrylate, obtained as a reaction product of a polysiloxane carbinol, a polyisocyanate, and a polyfunctional compound having at least one functional group which is reactive with an isocyanate group of the polyisocyanate and after reaction therewith provides an ethylenic functional group in the reaction product. The polysiloxane carbinol has a molecular weight of from about 5,000 to about 50,000 and has R′OH end groups wherein R′ is linear C₄-C₂₀ alkylene. Such carbinol may be obtained as a reaction product of the corresponding hydride-terminated polysiloxane and a linear C₄-C₂₀ omega-alkenyl alcohol. The disclosed compounds may be utilized in adhesive compositions for substrates including bonding surfaces such as glass, and polymers and copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomers.

[0003] In U.S. Pat. No. 5,814,679 is disclosed blends of photo-curable silicone compositions with long chain silicone compounds that contain carbinol functionalities. The '679 patent further discloses that the long chain carbinol containing silicones co-polymerize or co-cure with epoxy functional photo curable silicones thereby permitting the formulation of premium release photo-curable silicone compositions.

[0004] U.S. Pat. No. 6,610,777 discloses a coating composition formed from components comprising: (a) at least one polysiloxane comprising at least one reactive functional group, the at least one polysiloxane comprising at least one of the following structural units (I):
R¹_nR²_mSiO_(4-n-m)/2  (I)
wherein each R¹, which may be identical or different, represents H, OH, a monovalent hydrocarbon group or a monovalent siloxane group; each R², which may be identical or different, represents a group comprising at least one reactive functional group, wherein m and n fulfill the requirements of 0<n<4, 0<m<4 and 2<(m+n)≧4; (b) at least one polyol having a hydroxyl value ranging from 100 to 200; and (c) at least one reactant comprising at least one functional group that is reactive with at least one functional group selected from the at least one reactive functional group of the at least one polysiloxane (a) and at least one functional group of the at least one polyol (b), wherein each component is different, and wherein a coating formed from the coating composition when cured has a flexibility rating of at least 6 according to a Flexibility Test Method at a temperature of 70° F.

[0005] In U.S. Pat. No. 5,939,491 is disclosed curable compositions comprising an organic polysiloxane which can contain a variety of reactive functional groups and a curing agent which contains functional groups reactive with the functional groups of the polysiloxanes. Such curable compositions are particularly useful in coating compositions which are curable at both ambient and thermal cure conditions where they provide such excellent properties as increased pot-life, improved tack-time, adhesion, mar resistance and acid etch resistance.

[0006] The curable composition comprises an organic polysiloxane containing reactive functional groups, said polysiloxane having the general structure:

[0007]
where m is at least 1; m′ is 0 to 50; n is 0 to 50; R is selected from the group consisting of OH and monovalent hydrocarbon groups connected to the silicon atoms; R^a has the following structure: R₁—O—X wherein R₁ is alkylene, oxyalkylene or alkylene aryl; and X is a moiety containing a functional group selected from the group consisting of OH, COOH, NCO, carboxylate such as ester, carbonate and anhydride, primary amine, secondary amine, amide, carbamate and epoxy functional groups; and a component which contains functional groups reactive with the functional groups of the organic polysiloxane. Preferably, the curable composition comprises: (a) an organic polysiloxane containing reactive functional groups, the polysiloxane having the formula (II) or (III), where m, m′, n, R, Ra and X are as described above; (b) a polymer or oligomer which contains reactive functional groups; and (c) a curing agent containing functional groups which are reactive with the functional groups of (a) and (b). In one preferred embodiment n+m and n+m′ is 2 or 3.

[0008] This invention relates to urethane compositions comprising: (A) 100 weight parts of at least one compound containing at least one isocyanate group; (B) 3-300 weight parts of a carbinol-functional silicone resin comprising the units:

• [0009] (R¹₃SiO_1/2)_a (i)
• [0010] (R²₂SiO_2/2)_b (ii)
• [0011] (R³SiO_3/2)_c (iii) and
• [0012] (SiO_4/2)_d (iv)
  wherein R¹ and R² are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl group, a carbinol group free of aryl groups having at least 3 carbon atoms, or an aryl-containing carbinol group having at least 6 carbon atoms, R³ is an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aryl group, a has a value of less than or equal to 0.6, b has a value of zero or greater than zero, c has a value of greater than zero, d has a value of less than 0.5, and the value of a+b+c+d=1, and with the proviso that when each R² is methyl the value of b is less than 0.3; (C) up to 250 weight parts of an organic polyol; and (D) up to 10 weight parts of a cure rate modifier.

[0013] Another embodiment of the invention relates to urethane compositions comprising: (A) 100 weight parts of at least one compound containing at least one isocyanate group; (i) 0.3-300 weight parts of a carbinol-functional silicone resin comprising the units:

• [0014] (R¹₃SiO_1/2)_a (i)
• [0015] (R²₂SiO_2/2)_b (ii)
• [0016] (R³SiO_3/2)_c (iii) and
• [0017] (SiO_4/2)_d (iv)
  wherein R¹ and R² are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl group, a carbinol group free of aryl groups having at least 3 carbon atoms, or an aryl-containing carbinol group having at least 6 carbon atoms, R³ is an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aryl group, a has a value of less than or equal to 0.6, b has a value of zero or greater than zero, c has a value of greater than zero, d has a value of less than 0.5, and the value of a+b+c+d=1, and with the proviso that when each R² is methyl the value of b is less than 0.3 and with the proviso there is on average at least one carbinol group per resin molecule; (C) up to 250 weight parts of an organic polyol; and (D) up to 10 weight parts of a cure rate modifier, where the mole ratio of carbinol groups to isocyanate groups is from about 0.8:1 to 1.2:1.

[0018] Another embodiment of the invention relates to urethane compositions comprising: (A) at least one compound containing at least one isocyanate group; and (B) a carbinol-functional silicone resin comprising the units:

• [0019] (R¹₃SiO_1/2)_a (i)
• [0020] (R²₂SiO_2/2)_b (ii)
• [0021] (R³SiO_3/2)_c (iii) and
• [0022] (SiO_4/2)_d (iv)
  wherein R¹ and R² are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl group, a carbinol group free of aryl groups having at least 3 carbon atoms, or an aryl-containing carbinol group having at least 6 carbon atoms, R³ is an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aryl group, a has a value of less than or equal to 0.6, b has a value of zero or greater than zero, c has a value of greater than zero, d has a value of less than 0.5, and the value of a+b+c+d=1, and with the proviso that when each R² is methyl the value of b is less than 0.3; where the mole ratio of carbinol groups to isocyanate groups is from about 0.8:1 to 1.2:1.

[0023] Another embodiment of this invention relates to a urethane composition obtained by a method comprising reacting (A) 100 weight parts of at least one compound containing at least one isocyanate group; (B) 3-300 weight parts of a carbinol-functional silicone resin comprising the units:

• [0024] (R¹₃SiO_1/2)_a (i)
• [0025] (R²₂SiO_2/2)_b (ii)
• [0026] (R³SiO_3/2)_c (iii) and
• [0027] (SiO_4/2)_d (iv)
  wherein R¹ and R² are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl group, a carbinol group free of aryl groups having at least 3 carbon atoms, or an aryl-containing carbinol group having at least 6 carbon atoms, R³ is an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aryl group, a has a value of less than or equal to 0.6, b has a value of zero or greater than zero, c has a value of greater than zero, d has a value of less than 0.5,, and the value of a+b+c+d=1, and with the proviso that when each R² is methyl the value of b is less than 0.3; (C) up to 250 weight parts of an organic polyol; and (D) up to 10 weight parts of a cure rate modifier.

[0028] Another embodiment of this invention relates to a urethane composition obtained by a method comprising reacting (A) 100 weight parts of at least one compound containing at least one isocyanate group; (B) 0.3-300 weight parts of a carbinol-functional silicone resin comprising the units:

• [0029] (R¹₃SiO_1/2)_a (i)
• [0030] (R²₂SiO_2/2)_b (ii)
• [0031] (R³SiO_3/2)_c (iii) and
• [0032] (SiO_4/2)_d (iv)
  wherein R¹ and R² are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl group, a carbinol group free of aryl groups having at least 3 carbon atoms or an aryl-containing carbinol group having at least 6 carbon atoms, R³ is an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aryl group, a has a value of less than or equal to 0.6, b has a value of zero or greater than zero, c has a value of greater than zero, d has a value of less than 0.5, and the value of a+b+c+d=1, and with the proviso that when each R² is methyl the value of b is less than 0.3 and with the proviso there is on average at least one carbinol group per resin molecule (C) up to 250 weight parts of an organic polyol; and (D) up to 10 weight parts of a cure rate modifier, where the mole ratio of carbinol groups to isocyanate groups is from about 0.8:1 to 1.2:1.

[0033] Another embodiment of this invention relates to a urethane composition obtained by a method comprising reacting (A) at least one compound containing at least one isocyanate group; and (B) a carbinol-functional silicone resin comprising the units:

• [0034] (R¹₃SiO_1/2)_a (i)
• [0035] (R²₂SiO_2/2)_b (ii)
• [0036] (R³SiO_3/2)_c (iii) and
• [0037] (SiO_4/2)_d (iv)
  wherein R¹ and R² are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl group, a carbinol group free of aryl groups having at least 3 carbon atoms, or an aryl-containing carbinol group having at least 6 carbon atoms, R³ is an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aryl group, a has a value of less than or equal to 0.6, b has a value of zero or greater than zero, c has a value of greater than zero, d has a value of less than 0.5, and the value of a+b+c+d=1, and with the proviso that when each R² is methyl the value of b is less than 0.3; where the mole ratio of carbinol groups to isocyanate groups is from about 0.8:1 to 1.2:1.

[0038] Component (A) can be any multi-isocyanate group containing molecules which have been used previously in the preparation of crosslinked urethanes. The compounds containing at least one isocyanate group of Component (A) are illustrated by isophorone diisocyanate trimers, isophorone diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, polyisocyanates, tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, phenylene diisocyanate, xylene diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate, chlorophenylene 2,4-diisocyanate, bitoluene diisocyanate, dianisidine diisocyanate, toluidine diisocyanate and alkylated benzene diisocyanates generally; methylene-interrupted aromatic diisocyanates such as methylene-diphenyl-diisocyanate, especially the 4,4′-isomer (MDI) including alkylated analogs such as 3,3′-dimethyl-4,4′-diphenyl-methane diisocyanate; such hydrogenated materials as cyclohexylene diisocyanate, 4,4′-methylenedicyclohexyl diisocyanate; mixed aralkyl diisocyanates such as the tetramethylxylyl diisocyanates, OCNC(CH₃)₂C₆H₄C(CH₃)₂NCO, and the diisocyanate popularly referred to as isophorone diisocyanate, which is 3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanato-methylcyclohexyl isocyanate; and polymethylene isocyanates such as 1,4-tetramethylene diisocyanate, 1,5-pentamethylene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), 1,7-heptamethylene diisocyanate, 2,2,4- and 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,10-decamethylene diisocyanate, and 2-methyl-1,5-pentamethylene diisocyanate. The above isocyanates can be used alone or in combination.

[0039] Commercially available materials suitable as component (A) are illustrated by Tolonate XIDT 70SB an isophorone diisocyanate trimer (70% solids, 12.3 wt % NCO) sold by Rhodia (Cranbury, N.J.) and Desmodur N-100 polyisocyanate (available from Mobay Corp.).

[0040] For the purposes of this invention “carbinol group” is defined as any group containing at least one carbon-bonded hydroxyl (COH) group. Thus the carbinol groups may contain more than one COH group such as for example

[0041]

[0042] The alkyl groups of R¹ and R² in the carbinol-functional silicone resin of Component (B) are illustrated by methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, and octyl, with the alkyl group typically being methyl. The aryl groups of R¹ and R² are illustrated by phenyl, naphthyl, benzyl, tolyl, xylyl, xenyl, methylphenyl, 2-phenylethyl, 2-phenyl-2-methylethyl, chlorophenyl, bromophenyl and fluorophenyl with the aryl group typically being phenyl.

[0043] The carbinol group free of aryl groups having at least 3 carbon atoms is illustrated by groups having the formula R⁴OH wherein R⁴ is a divalent hydrocarbon group having at least 3 carbon atoms or a divalent hydrocarbonoxy group having at least 3 carbon atoms. The group R⁴ is illustrated by alkylene groups selected from —(CH₂)_x— where x has a value of 3 to 10, —CH₂CH(CH₃)—, —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH(CH₂CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂—, and —OCH(CH₃)(CH₂)_x— wherein x has a value of 1 to 10. The carbinol group free of aryl groups having at least 3 carbon atoms is also illustrated by groups having the formula having the formula R⁶(OH) CH₂OH and R⁶ is a group having the formula —CH₂CH₂(CH₂)_xOCH₂CH— wherein x has a value of 1 to 10.

[0044] The aryl-containing carbinol group having at least 6 carbon atoms is illustrated by groups having the formula R⁵OH wherein R⁵ is an arylene group selected from —(CH₂)_xC₆H₄— wherein x has a value of 0 to 10, —CH₂CH(CH₃)(CH₂)_xC₆H₄— wherein x has a value of 0 to 10, and —(CH₂)_xC₆H₄(CH₂)_x— wherein x has a value of 1 to 10. The aryl-containing carbinol groups typically have from 6 to 14 atoms.

[0045] In the carbinol-functional silicone resin, Component (B), a has a typical value of 0.1 to 0.6, alternatively 0.2 to 0.4, b has a typical value of 0 to 0.4, alternatively 0 to 0.1, c has a typical value of 0.3 to 0.8, alternatively 0.4 to 0.8, d has a typical value of 0 to 0.3, alternatively zero. When each R² is methyl the value of b is less than 0.3, alternatively less than 0.1.

[0046] The carbinol-functional silicone resins have on average at least one carbinol group per resin molecule. Typically, the equivalent weight of carbinol groups on the carbinol-functional silicone resin is from 100 to 1000, alternatively 200 to 800.

[0047] Typically, when R¹ or R² of the carbinol-functional silicone resin contains a carbinol group, only one carbinol group will be present on each such R¹ or R².

[0048] The carbinol-functional silicone resins of Component (B) are illustrated by carbinol-functional silicone resins comprising the units:

• [0049] ((CH₃)₃SiO_1/2)_a
• [0050] ((R²)CH₃SiO_2/2)_b where R²=—(CH₂)₃C₆H₄OH
• [0051] ((C₆H₅)CH₃SiO_2/2)_b and
• [0052] (C₆H₅SiO_3/2)_c,
  carbinol-functional silicone resins comprising the units:
• [0053] ((R¹)(CH₃)₂SiO_1/2)_a where R¹=—(CH₂)₃C₆H₄OH and
• [0054] (C₆H₅SiO_3/2)_c,
  carbinol-functional silicone resins comprising the units:
• [0055] ((R¹)(CH₃)₂SiO_1/2)_a where R¹=—(CH₂)₃C₆H₄OH and
• [0056] (CH₃SiO_3/2)_c,
  carbinol-functional silicone resins comprising the units:
• [0057] ((R¹)(CH₃)₂SiO_1/2)_a where R¹=—(CH₂)₃C₆H₄OH and
• [0058] (C₆H₅SiO_3/2)_c,
  carbinol-functional silicone resins comprising the units:
• [0059] ((R¹)(CH₃)₂SiO_1/2)_a where R¹=—(CH₂)₃OH
• [0060] (CH₃SiO_3/2)_c and
• [0061] (C₆H₅SiO_3/2)_c,
  carbinol-functional silicone resins comprising the units:
• [0062] ((CH₃)₃SiO_1/2)_a
• [0063] ((R²)CH₃SiO_2/2)_b where R²=—(CH₂)₃OH
• [0064] ((C₆H₅)CH₃SiO_2/2)_b and
• [0065] (C₆H₅SiO_3/2)_c,
  carbinol-functional silicone resins comprising the units:
• [0066] ((CH₃)₃SiO_1/2)_a
• [0067] ((R¹)(CH₃)₂SiO_1/2)_a where R¹=—(CH₂)₃OH and
• [0068] (C₆H₅SiO_3/2)_c,
  carbinol-functional silicone resins comprising the units:
• [0069] ((R¹)(CH₃)₂SiO_1/2)_a where R¹=—CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂OH
• [0070] ((H)(CH₃)₂SiO_1/2)_a and
• [0071] (C₆H₅SiO_3/2)_c, and
  carbinol-functional silicone resins comprising the units:
• [0072] ((R¹)(CH₃)₂SiO_1/2)_a where R¹=—(CH₂)₃OH
• [0073] (CH₃SiO_3/2)_c
  wherein a has a typical value of 0.1 to 0.6, b has a typical value of zero to 0.4, and c has a typical value of 0.3 to 0.8.

[0074] Preferably, the R¹+R²+R³ groups in the carbinol-functional silicone resin contain high enough phenyl content to provide appropriate compatibility with component (A). Typically greater than 10 weight percent of the R¹+R²+R³ groups are phenyl and even more typically greater than 25 weight percent of the R¹+R²+R³ groups are phenyl.

[0075] The carbinol-functional silicone resins are prepared by a method comprising reacting:

• [0076] (A′) at least one hydrogen-functional silicone resin comprising the units:
• [0077] (R⁷₃SiO_1/2)_a (i)
• [0078] (R⁸₂SiO_2/2)_b (ii)
• [0079] (R³SiO_3/2)_c (iii) and
• [0080] (SiO_4/2)_d (iv)
  wherein R⁷ and R⁸ are each independently an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl group, or a hydrogen atom, R³, a, b, c, and d are as defined above, the value of a+b+c+d=1, with the proviso that when each R⁸ is methyl the value of b is less than 0.3, with the proviso that there are at least two silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms present in the silicone resin; and (B′) at least one vinyl-terminated alcohol; in the presence of (C′) a hydrosilylation catalyst; and optionally (D′) at least one solvent. The method to manufacture the carbinol-functional silicone resins of Component (B) is disclosed in detail in a copending patent application entitled “Carbinol-functional Silicone Resins” which is herein incorporated by reference.

[0081] The alkyl groups and aryl groups of R⁷ and R⁸ are as described above for R¹ and R².

[0082] Component (C), the organic polyol (synonymous with organic carbinol) is illustrated by ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butylene glycol, 2,3-butylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, neopentyl glycol, cyclohexane dimethanol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, glycerol, trimeth1,2,61, 1,2,4-butanetriol, pentaerythritol, mannitol, sorbitol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, poly(ethyleneoxy) glycols generally, dipropylene glycol, poly(propyleneoxy) glycols generally, dibutylene glycol, poly(butyleneoxy) glycols, and polycaprolactone. Other polyhydroxy materials of higher molecular weight which may be used are the polymerization products of epoxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide, and epichlorohydrin. Hydroxyl-containing polyesters, polythioethers, polyacetals, polycarbonates, and polyester amides also may be used alone or in combination with the above polyols. Suitable polyesters include the reaction product of polyhydric alcohols and polybasic, preferably dibasic, carboxylic acids. The polyhydric alcohols which are often used include the dihydric alcohols mentioned above. Examples of dicarboxylic acids include succinic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, glutaric acid, phthalic acid, maleic acid, and fumaric acid. Typical polyether polyols are illustrated by polyalkylene ether polyols having the formula HO(RO)_nH wherein R is an alkylene group and n is an integer large enough that the polyether polyol has a number average molecular weight of at least 250. These polyalkylene ether polyols are well-known components of polyurethane products and can be prepared by the polymerization of cyclic ethers such as alkylene oxides and glycols, dihydroxyethers, and the like by known methods. A particularly common high molecular weight polyol is polytetramethylene glycol.

[0083] Component (D), the cure rate modifier can be any material that affects the cure time of the urethane composition and includes cure accelerators, cure inhibitors, and cure catalysts. Examples include phosphine compounds, such as tributylphosphine, triphenylphosphine, tris(dimethoxyphenyl)phosphine, tris(hydroxypropyl)phosphine and tris(cyanoethyl)phosphine; phosphonium salts, such as tetraphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate, methyltributylphosphonium tetraphenylborate and methyltricyanoethyl phosphonium tetraphenylborate; imidazoles, such as 2-methyl imidazole, 2-phenyl imidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methyl imidazole, 2-undecyl imidazole, 1-cyanoethyl-2-methyl imidazole, 1,4-dicyano-6-[2-methylimidazolyl-(1)]-ethyl-S-triazine and 2,4-dicyano-6-[2-undecylimidazolyl-(1)]-ethyl-S-triazine; imidazolium salts, such as 1-cyanoethyl-2-undecylimidazolium trimellitate, 2-methylimidazolium isocyanurate, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazolium tetraphenylborate and 2-ethyl-1,4-dimethylimidazolium tetraphenylborate; amines, such as 2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol, benzyl dimethylamine, tetramethylbutyl guanidine, N-methyl piperazine and 2-dimethylamino-1-pyrroline; ammonium salts, such as triethylammonium tetraphenylborate; diazabicyclo compounds, such as 1,5-diazabicyclo(5,4,0)-7-undecene, 1,5-diazabicyclo(4,3,0)-5-nonene and 1,4-diazabicyclo(2,2,2)-octane; and tetraphenylborates, phenol salts, phenol novolak salts and 2-ethylhexanoates of those diazabicyclo compounds, and alcohols such as resorcinol. Of these compounds tertiary amines, phosphine compounds, imidazole compounds, diazabicyclo compounds and their salts are typically used. Dicyandiamide and boron trifluoride may also be used.

[0084] The cure rate modifier Component (D) can also be illustrated by compounds having an aliphatic unsaturated bond, organophosphorous compounds, organosulfur compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, and tin compounds. Examples of the compounds having an aliphatic unsaturated bond include propargyl alcohol, ene-yne compounds, and maleic esters such as dimethyl maleate. Examples of the organophosphorus compounds are triorganophosphines, diorganophosphines, organophosphones, and triorganophosphites. The organosulfur compounds include organomercaptanes, diorganosulfides, hydrogen sulfide, benzothiazole, and benzothiazole disulfite. The nitrogen-containing compounds include ammonia, primary, secondary or tertiary alkylamines, arylamines, urea, and hydrazine. The amines are illustrated by triethylamine, tributylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, 1,4-diaza-bicyclo-(2,2,2)-octane, N-cetyl dimethylamine, N-methyl-N′-dimethylaminoethyl-piperazine, N,N-dimethylbenzylamine, N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, and 1,2-dimethylimidazole. Organic tin compounds may also be used and include such materials as the tin(II) salts of carboxylic acids such as tin(II) acetate, tin(II) octoate, tin(II) ethylhexoate and tin(II) laurate, as well as such materials as the dialkyl tin salts of carboxylic acids as exemplified by dibutyltindiacetate, dibutyltindilaurate, dibutyltinmaleate, and dioctyltindiacetate. Such tin salts may be used either alone or as a complex with amidines such as amino pyridines, amino pyrimidines, hydrazino pyridines, and tetrahydropyrimidines. Other metal-based compounds such as lead, iron, mercury, bismuth, cobalt and manganese also may be used, and include compounds such as cobalt(III) acetylacetonate, cobalt naphthoate, manganese naphthoate, lead oleate, zinc naphthenate and zirconium naphthenate. Other compounds such as silaamines and basic nitrogen compounds such as tetraalkylammonium hydroxide, alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, and alkali metal alcoholates such as sodium methylate may also be used. The cure rate modifiers of component (D) are generally used in an amount from about 0.01 to about 10% by weight, preferably from about 0.05 to about 1.0% by weight, based on the quantity of polyisocyanate and the quantity of materials reacting with the polyisocyanate.

[0085] Typically, the mole ratio of carbinol groups to isocyanate groups in the urethane composition is from about 0.8:1 to 1.2:1.

[0086] The urethane compositions of the present invention may further comprise other components that are conventionally employed in polymerizable systems. These components include, but are not limited to, solvents, plasticizers, pigments, colorants, dyes, surfactants, thickeners, heat stabilizers, leveling agents, anti-cratering agents, fillers, sedimentation inhibitors, ultraviolet-light absorbers, and the like. Additives such as promoters, heat stabilizers, ultraviolet-light absorbers, etc. may be intimately dispersed in the reaction mixture and apparently thereby become an integral part of the polymer. Preferred antioxidants are sterically hindered phenolic compounds. Stabilizers such as organic phosphites are also useful. Preferred UV inhibitors are benzotriazole compounds.

[0087] The urethane compositions of this invention can further comprise at least one filler illustrated by hollow microspheres, fumed silica, precipitated silica, hydrous silicic acid, carbon black, ground quartz, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, diatomaceous earth, wollastonite, calcined clay, clay, talc, kaolin, titanium oxide, bentonite, ferric oxide, zinc oxide, glass balloon, glass beads, mica, glass powder, glass balloons, coal dust, acrylic resin powder, phenolic resin powder, ceramic powder, zeolite, slate powder, organic fibers, and inorganic fibers.

[0088] The urethane compositions of this invention can further comprise at least one cell stabilizer and at least one blowing agent, and optionally chain extenders and crosslinkers. The cell stabilizers are illustrated by silicones, with silicone polyethers being typically used. The blowing agents are illustrated by water, liquid carbon dioxide, CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs, and pentane, with water or a mixture of water and HCFC being typically used. The addition of these ingredients to the urethane compositions of this invention produce polyurethane foam compositions having enhanced thermal stability.

[0089] The urethane compositions of this invention may be prepared by mixing (or mechanically agitating) components (A) and (B), and any optional components, to form a homogenous mixture. This may be accomplished by any convenient mixing method known in the art exemplified by a spatula, mechanical stirrers, in-line mixing systems containing baffles and/or blades, powered in-line mixers, homogenizers, a drum roller, a three-roll mill, a sigma blade mixer, a bread dough mixer, and a two roll mill. The order of mixing is not considered critical. Components (A) and (B) and any optional components, may be pre-mixed and applied or mixed during application if tack free time is short.

[0090] This invention also relates to a urethane composition obtained by a method comprising reacting (A) 100 weight parts of at least one compound containing at least one isocyanate group; (B) 3-300 weight parts of a carbinol-functional silicone resin comprising the units:

• [0091] (R¹₃SiO_1/2)_a (i)
• [0092] (R²₂SiO_2/2)_b (ii)
• [0093] (R³SiO_3/2)_c (iii) and
• [0094] (SiO_4/2)_d (iv)
  wherein R¹, R², R³, a, b, c, and d are as defined above, the value of, and the value of a+b+c+d=1, and with the proviso that when each R² is methyl the value of b is less than 0.3; (C) up to 250 weight parts of an organic polyol; and (D) up to 10 weight parts of a cure rate modifier.

[0095] Another embodiment of this invention relates to a urethane composition obtained by a method comprising reacting (A) 100 weight parts of at least one compound containing at least one isocyanate group; (B) 0.3-300 weight parts of a carbinol-functional silicone resin comprising the units:

• [0096] (R¹₃SiO_1/2)_a (i)
• [0097] (R²₂SiO_2/2)_b (ii)
• [0098] (R³SiO_3/2)_c (iii) and
• [0099] (SiO_4/2)_d (iv)
  wherein R¹, R², R³, a, b, c, and d are as defined above, and the value of a+b+c+d=1, with the proviso that when each R² is methyl the value of b is less than 0.3 and with the proviso there is on average at least one carbinol group per resin molecule, ; (C) up to 250 weight parts of an organic polyol; and (D) up to 10 weight parts of a cure rate modifier, where the mole ratio of carbinol groups to isocyanate groups in the urethane composition is from about 0.8:1 to 1.2:1.

[0100] Another embodiment of this invention relates to a urethane composition obtained by a method comprising reacting (A) at least one compound containing at least one isocyanate group; and (B) a carbinol-functional silicone resin comprising the units:

• [0101] (R¹₃SiO_1/2)_a (i)
• [0102] (R²₂SiO_2/2)_b (ii)
• [0103] (R³SiO_3/2)_c (iii) and
• [0104] (SiO_4/2)_d (iv)
  wherein R¹, R², R³, a, b, c, and d are as defined above,, and the value of a+b+c+d=1, and with the proviso that when each R² is methyl the value of b is less than 0.3; where the mole ratio of carbinol groups to isocyanate groups is from about 0.8:1 to 1.2:1.

[0105] “Reacting” as used herein means mixing components (A) and (B) and any optional components at room temperature (20-25° C.) or heating a mixture comprising components (A) and (B) and any optional components to temperatures above room temperature such as at temperatures of up to 200° C. Components (A)-(D) are as described above.

[0106] The urethane compositions of this invention are useful as a stand-alone coating or as ingredients in protective coatings, paint formulations, and powder coatings. The urethane compositions of this invention can also be formulated with a blowing agent and cell stabilizer to produce thermally stable foam formulations.

Materials:

• [0107] Isocyanate: Tolonate XIDT 70SB is an isophorone diisocyanate trimer (70% solids, 12.3 wt % NCO) sold by Rhodia (Cranbury, N.J.).
• [0108] Polyol: Desmophen® 870 BA is a hydroxyl-functional polyacrylate resin supplied in butyl acetate (70% solids) by Bayer Corporation (Pittsburgh, Pa.).
• [0109] Isocyanate: Desmodur N-3390 is a polyisocyanate based on hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) supplied in butyl acetate (90% solids) by Bayer Corporation (Pittsburgh, Pa.).
• [0110] Tegokat® 218 is dibutyltindilaurate sold by Goldschmidt (McDonald, Pa.).
  Test Methods:
  Stylometer Scratch Adherence:

[0111] A spherical diamond is pressed against a coating surface at a constant rate of loading as the sample moves at a constant rate of travel. Force is increased until the coating catastrophically fails. The failure force is a measure of relative adherence for samples of similar character and thickness. It is believed that techniques can be developed to measure coating tensile strength, elastic limit, scratch resistance, friction coefficient and other physical properties.

[0112] The scratch platform, contains the diamond stylus, constant rate of travel sample stage, and a force measurement transducer which is mounted below the deck. An acoustic transducer, mounted on the stylus, is used to identify the point of initiation of sample micro-cracking and senses the coating or substrate failure. Acoustic energy, applied diamond force and tangential (diamond drag) force are plotted as a function of travel distance, as well as effective friction.

[0113] From the force measurements the “effective friction” is calculated and plotted. During the initiation portion of the test the diamond slides across the coating; thus the acoustic output is low; the effective friction constant. When micro-cracking of the coating starts, the acoustic output increases. Abrupt increases in applied force, drag force, effective friction, or acoustic energy are called “events”. The “critical event” is the earliest point at which coating removal is observed and its force level is the measure of adherence. This conclusion is made on the basis of subsequent microscopic confirmation of the failure point

[0114] DISTINCTNESS OF IMAGE (DOI) Distinctness of reflected image, or DOI, is a quantification of the spread of light reflected at the specular angle. It gives an indication of how sharp the image reflected by an object is. Evaluation of DOI of the coatings of the invention involved the projection of various size images onto a painted surface and determining how small of image can be seen clearly. The image forming patterns (Landolt rings) were projected from a fluorescent-lighted box at a specified distance of 100 mm over the sample under examination. A value of 100 was assigned to the smallest set of rings and a value of 90, 80, 70 etc, to the next uniformly increasingly larger rings to quantitatively evaluate the DOI of the painted surface. Coatings which allowed the inside of the smallest rings to be clearly discerned when projected from the light box were assigned a rating of 100. (GM9101P, General Motors Engineering Standard)

Thermogravimetric Analysis

[0115] Thermogravimetric analysis was performed using a TA Instruments New Castle, DE) TGA 2950. Approximately 7 to 12 mg of a single piece of the test specimen was placed in a Pt pan and heated to 1000° C. at 10° C./min under an air atmosphere and the weight loss continuously monitored and recorded. The weight loss at 500° C. was reported. The uncertainty was estimated to be ±5% based on duplicate analysis.

[0116] The isocyanate, carbinol-functional silicone resin (CSR) (shown in Table 1 below), butyl acetate solvent, and organic polyol as described in Table 2 were added to a mixing dish and stirred vigorously with a spatula. In Table 2 below, BA denotes n-butyl acetate. Testing was performed on polished steel panels. The formulations were applied via 6 mil (wet) drawndown bar. The coated panels were allowed to air dry for fifteen minutes and then oven cured for 30 minutes at 265° F. All of the samples resulted in films with excellent gloss and flow with the exception of Example 5 the surface of which was severely wrinkled. The DOI was measured (see test description above) and the results reported in Table 3.

[0117]

TABLE 1
CSR	Composition
1	MPrOH0.60TPh0.378
2	MPrOH0.355TMe0.314TPh0.314
3	MPrOH0.387TPh0.583
4	MPrOH0.180TPh0.793
5	M0.261MPrOH0.082TPh0.628
6	MiBuOH0.310MH0.052TPh0.609
7	MPhenol0.512TMe0.423
8	MPrOH0.38TPh0.41Q0.21
9	MPrOH0.372TMe0.415TPh0.192
10	MPrOH0.502TMe0.450
Linear 1	3-hydroxypropyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane
In Table 1 above:
MPrOH denotes (HO(CH2)3)(CH3)2SiO1/2
DPrOH denotes (HO(CH2)3)(CH3)SiO2/2
MiBuOH denotes (HOCH2CH(CH3)CH2)(CH3)2SiO1/2
MPhenol denotes (HOC6H4(CH2)3)(CH3)2SiO1/2
DPhenol denotes (HOC6H4(CH2)3)(CH3)SiO2/2
Mdenotes (CH3)3SiO1/2
Ddenotes (CH3)2SiO2/2
DPh denotes (C6H5)(CH3)SiO2/2
TPh denotes C6H5SiO3/2
TMe denotes CH3SiO3/2
MH denotes (H)(CH3)2SiO1/2

[0118]

	TABLE 2
	Weight in grams
Components	Ex1	Ex2	Ex3	Ex4	Ex5	Ex5A	Cex1
Polyol: Desmophen ®	59.4	60.7	55.7	55.7	49.5	49.5	61.9
870 BA
BA	9.2	7.9	11.9	12.5	20.7	21.1	12.9
CSR 4 (50% in BA)	6.2
CSR 5 (50% in BA)		6.2
CSR 3 (50% in BA)			7.2
CSR 2 (50% in BA)				6.6
CSR 1					4.6
CSR 10						4.2
Isocyanate: Desmodur	25.2	25.2	25.2	25.2	25.2	25.2	25.2
N-3390
Total	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Wt % Siloxane Resin	4.6	4.5	5.5	5.1	7.4	6.8	0
(solids)

[0119]

TABLE 3
Distinctness of Image (DOI) of Coating on Bare Steel
	Ex1	Ex2	Ex3	Ex4	Ex5	Ex5A	Cex1
DOI	80	100	100	100	100	50	80

[0120] Incorporation of carbinol-functional silicone resins is shown in most cases to enhance or maintain the distinctness of image compared to the base urethane coating without any silicone resin added (Cex1).

[0121] The isocyanate, carbinol siloxane resin, butyl acetate solvent and organic polyol as described in Table 4 below (formulations ranging from approximately 3 to 10% Si were prepared) were added to a mixing dish and stirred vigorously with a spatula.

[0122] Testing was performed on steel panels supplied with E-coat, primer and black basecoat (ACT Laboratories; Hillsdale, Mich.). The formulations were applied via 6 mil (wet) drawndown bar. The coated panels were allowed to air dry for fifteen minutes and then oven cured for 30 minutes at 265° F. All of the samples resulted in films with excellent gloss and flow. The scratch resistance in Kg (see test method description below) was measured and the results reported in Table 5

[0123]

	TABLE 4
	weight in grams
Components	Ex6	Ex7	Ex8	Ex9	Ex10	Ex11	Ex12	Ex13	Ex14	Ex15	Cex2
Polyol: Desmophen ® 870 BA	15.2	14.7	15.3	15.0	14.9	13.5	14.9	13.5	13.5	10.4	15.5
n-Butyl Acetate (BA)	2.7	2.1	2.6	1.4	3.1	3.0	3.1	3.1	4.5	6.4	3.2
CSR 4 (50% in BA)	0.8	1.9
CSR 5 (50% in BA)			0.8	2.3
CSR 3(50% in BA)					0.7	2.2
CSR 2 (50% in BA)							0.7	2.1
CSR 1									0.7	1.9
Isocyanate: Desmodur N-3390	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3
Total	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25
Wt % Silicone Resin (solids)	2.3	5.7	2.3	6.7	2.2	6.9	2.0	6.4	4.5	12.7	0

[0124]

TABLE 5
Scratch Resistance(SR)(Kg) of Coating on Pre-Coated Steel
	Ex6	Ex7	Ex8	Ex9	Ex10	Ex11	Ex12	Ex13	Ex14	Ex15	Cex2
SR (Kg)	2.1	1.8	1.7	1.7	2.1	1.2	1.8	1.7	1.1	2.0	1.3

[0125] Incorporation of a carbinol-functional silicone resin is shown to significantly enhance the scratch resistance compared to the base urethane coating without any silicone resin added. The exception to this was observed in Example 11 and Example 14 where slight reduction in scratch resistance was measured.

[0126] 2.64 grams (g) of carbinol-functional silicone resin 6 was syringed into an aluminum dish. 2.35 g of Tolonate XIDT 70SB, 3.00 g of butyl acetate solvent, and 3 drops of Tegokat® 218 were added and the materials were mixed well at room temperature using a wooden stir rod. The material was cured for 4 hours at 100° C. in air followed by a 1 hour post cure at 200° C. in a nitrogen purged oven. The resulting material was a tough, colorless, transparent solid. The cured silicone-polyurethane hybrid material was analyzed by Thermogravimetric analysis in air and the results are displayed in Table 6.

[0127] 4.16 g of carbinol-functional silicone resin 6 were syringed into an aluminum dish. 2.36 g of Desmodur N-3390, 3.00 g of butyl acetate solvent, and 3 drops of Tegokat® 218 were added and the materials were mixed well at room temperature using a wooden stir rod. The material was cured for 4 hours at 100° C. in air followed by a 1 hour post cure at 200° C. in a nitrogen purged oven. The resulting material was a tough, elastomeric translucent solid. The cured silicone-polyurethane hybrid material was analyzed by Thermogravimetric analysis in air and the results are displayed in Table 6.

[0128] 0.88 g of carbinol-functional siloxane resin 7 was syringed into an aluminum dish. 2.35 g of Tolonate XIDT 70SB, 2.96 g of butyl acetate solvent and 3 drops of Tegokat® 218 were added and the materials were mixed well at room temperature using a wooden stir rod. The material cured for 4 hours at 100° C. in air followed by a 1 hour post cure at 200° C. in a nitrogen purged oven. The resulting material was a tough, slightly tan, transparent solid. The cured silicone-polyurethane hybrid material was analyzed by Thermogravimetric analysis in air and the results are displayed in Table 6.

[0129] 1.26 g of carbinol-functional silicone resin 6 were syringed into an aluminum dish. 2.37 g of Desmodur N-3390, 4.g of Desmophen ® 870 BA, 2.96 g of butyl- acetate solvent and 3 drops of Tegokat® 218 were added and the materials were mixed well at room temperature using a wooden stir rod. The material was cured for 4 hours at 100° C. in air followed by a 1 hour post cure at 200° C. in a nitrogen purged oven. The resulting material was a tough, rigid, slightly hazy solid. The cured silicone-polyurethane hybrid material was analyzed by Thermogravimetric analysis in air and the results are displayed in Table 6.

[0130] 5.76 g of Desmophen® 870 BA was syringed into an aluminum dish. 3.76 g of Tolonate XIDT 70SB, 2.96 g of butyl acetate solvent, and 3 drops of Tegokat® 218, were added and the materials were mixed well at room temperature using a wooden stir rod. The material was cured for 4 hours at 100° C. in air followed by a 1 hour post cure at 200° C. in a nitrogen purged oven. The resulting material was a rigid, brittle, slightly hazy solid. The cured polyurethane material was analyzed by Thermogravimetric analysis in air and the results are displayed in Table 6.

[0131] 5.78 g of polyol Desmophen® 870 BA was syringed into an aluminum dish. 2.35 g of Desmodur N-3390, 2.96 g of butyl acetate solvent, and 3 drops of Tegokat® 218, were added and the materials were mixed well at room temperature using a wooden stir rod. The material was cured for 4 hours at 100° C. in air followed by a 1 hour post cure at 200° C. in a nitrogen purged oven. The resulting material was a tough, rigid, slightly hazy solid. The cured polyurethane material was analyzed by Thermogravimetric analysis in air and the results are displayed in Table 6.

[0132]

TABLE 6
Ingredients	Ex16	Ex17	Ex18	Ex19	Cex3	Cex4
Desmophen ®				4.08 g	5.76 g	5.78 g
870 BA
Desmodur		2.36 g		2.37 g		2.35 g
N-3390
Tolonate	2.35 g		2.35 g		3.76 g
XDIT 70SB
CSR 6	2.64 g	4.16 g		1.26 g
CSR 7			0.88 g
Butyl	3.00 g	3.00 g	2.96 g	2.96 g	2.96 g	2.96 g
Acetate
Dibutyltin-	3 drops	3 drops	3 drops	3 drops	3 drops	3 drops
dilaurate
catalyst
TGA Results	58.1	51.9	79.1	83.2	91.8	95.9
500° C.
Weight Loss
% (in air)

[0133] Examples 16-19 show the utility of carbinol-functional silicone resins as partial or total replacements for organic polyols in urethane materials to enhance the thermal stability of the resulting thermoset material (compared to controls Cex3 and Cex4).

[0134] Polyol: Desmophen® 870 BA is a hydroxyl-functional polyacrylate resin supplied in butyl acetate (70% solids) by Bayer Corporation (Pittsburgh, Pa.). Isocyanate: Desmodur N-3390 is a polyisocyanate based on hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) supplied in butyl acetate (90% solids) by Bayer Corporation (Pittsburgh, Pa.). BA: n-butyl acetate.

[0135] RECOATABILITY: The conditions (Application method, film thickness and cure schedule) for this test are specified relative to the specific coating formulation. After the initial cure, the specimen is overcoated with both the same paint formulation and the control coat. After curing the topcoat, the panels are rated in regards to the ability of the second coat to wet the underlying film.

• • [0136] 5—Excellent wetting and flow; no film defects such as craters and fisheyes
  • [0137] 4—Slight dewetting and/or edge crawling; minimal defects
  • [0138] 3—Moderate dewetting and/or edge crawling; minimal defects
  • [0139] 2—Extensive dewetting and/or edge crawling; Few defects
  • [0140] 1—Extensive dewetting and/or edge crawling; Numerous defects
  • [0141] 0—Severe dewetting and/or edge crawling; Extensive defects

[0142] The above isocyanate, above polyol, one of the carbinol-functional silicone resins (CSRs) prepared in Table 1 above, and n-butyl acetate (solvent) were added to a mixing dish and stirred vigorously with a spatula. Testing was performed on polished steel panels. The formulations were applied via 6 mil (wet) drawndown bar. The coated panels were allowed to air dry for fifteen minutes and then oven cured for 30 minutes at 265° F. The appearance of the cured films were evaluated for appearance with 1=poor and 5=excellent and the values recorded in Table 7.

[0143] The cured films were then coated perpendicular to the original coating with the identical formulation and the new coatings were cured identical to the first coat (air dry for fifteen minutes and then oven cured for 30 minutes at 265° F). The recoatability of each on was evaluated and recorded in Table 7.

[0144]

TABLE 7
Coating Formulations (weight in grams)
										Wt % Phenyl
										in CSR
Components	Cex5	Ex20	Ex21	Ex22	Ex23	Ex24	Ex25	Ex25A	Cex6	or Linear 1
Polyol	15.5	11.4	12.5	12.7	14.2	13.2	12.2	11.1	13.5
BA	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2	2.7	3.2	3.2	3.2
CSR 4		1.5								35.3
CSR 5			1.6							40.0
CSR 6				1.6						56.6
CSR 7					1.7					62.2
CSR 8						2.2				48.3
CSR 9							1.6			34
CSR 10								1.5		0
Linear 1									1.7	0
Isocyanate: Desmodur	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3
N-3390
Total	25	22	24	24	25	24	23	22	25
Wt % Siloxane Resin	0	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10
(solids)
Initial Coating Quality	3	4	1*	4	3	3	1**	1**	1{circumflex over ( )}
1 = poor 5 = perfect
Recoatability	2	4	2	4	3	3	2	1	1
1 = poor 5 = perfect
*denotes orange peel
**denotes severe orange peel
{circumflex over ( )}denotes uniform but very hazy

[0145] The coatings which contained carbinol-functional silicone resins (CSRs) with phenyl present exhibited both good initial coating quality and recoatability as good or better than the Cex5 which has no silicone added. The comparison example Cex6, a coating containing linear carbinol-functional siloxanes, exhibited both poor initial film quality and recoatability.

[0146] Carbinol-functional silicone resins in Polyurethane foam formulations

Materials:

• [0147] OPTIMA® H₂O (Fisher Scientific, Fair Lawn, N.J.)
• [0148] DABCO® 33 LV—a gellation catalyst containing 33% triethylenediamine and 67% dipropylene glycol from Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Allentown, Pa.
• [0149] DABCO® BL-11—a blowing catalyst containing 70% bis(dimethylaminoethyl)ether and 30% dipropylene glycol from Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Allentown, Pa.
• [0150] DABCO® T-12—a strong gellation catalyst containing dibutyltindilaurate from Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Allentown, Pa.
• [0151] VORANOL® 3512A—a glycerine initiated polyether polyol having a molecular weight of about 3500 from The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Mich.
• [0152] TDI—toluene diisocyanate from Bayer, Pittsburgh, Pa.
• [0153] DABCO® DC5982 Surfactant—a silicone glycol copolymer dispersed in polyol from Dow Corning Corporation Midland, Mich.
• [0154] Methylene Chloride from Fisher Scientific, Fair Lawn, N.J.
  Methods:

[0155] Thermogravimetric analysis was performed using a TA Instruments (New Castle, DE) TGA 2950. Approximately 7 to 12 mg of a single piece of the test specimen was placed in a Pt pan and heated to 1000° C. at 10° C./min under an air and a nitrogen atmosphere in separate tests and the weight loss continuously monitored and recorded. The weight loss at 200° C. and 350° C. was reported. The uncertainty was estimated to be ±5% based on duplicate analysis.

[0156] 150.05 g of VORANOL® 3512A, 5.25 g of OPTIMA® H₂O, 0.23 g of DABCO® 33 LV, and 0.07 g of DABCO® BL-11 were measured into a paper bucket and mixed at high speed for 30 seconds. Next, 0.75 g of DABCO® DC5982 Surfactant, 0.30 g of DABCO® T-12 and 22.5 g of methylene chloride were added to the bucket and the contents were mixed at medium speed for 10 seconds. Then 71.0 g of toluene diisocyanate were added to the bucket and the contents were mixed at high speed for 5 seconds. The foam was allowed to rise and the foam was allowed to cure at room temperature for 10 minutes. Finally, the foam was placed in a 200° F. oven for 20 minutes. The cured foam was removed from the oven and the height was measured immediately and Thermogravimetric analysis was completed with results reported in Table 8.

[0157] 135.05 g of VORANOL® 3512A, 12.96 g of CSR 5 from Table 1 above, 5.25 g of OPTIMA® H₂O, 0.23 g of DABCO® 33 LV, and 0.07 g of DABCO® BL-11 were measured into a paper bucket and mixed at high speed for 30 sec. Next, 0.75 g of DABCO® DC5982 Surfactant, 0.30 g of DABCO® T-12 and 22.5 g of methylene chloride were added to the bucket and the contents were mixed at medium speed for 10 seconds. Then 71.0 g of toluene diisocyanate were added to the bucket and the contents were mixed at high speed for 5 seconds. The foam was allowed to rise and the foam was allowed to cure at room temperature for 10 minutes. Finally, the foam was placed in a 200° F. oven for 20 minutes. The cured foam was removed from the oven and the height was measured immediately and Thermogravimetric analysis was completed with results reported in Table 8.

[0158] 90.03 g of VORANOL® 3512A, 51.84 g of CSR 5 from Table 1 above, 5.25 g of OPTIMA® H₂O, 0.23 g of DABCO® 33 LV, and 0.07 g of DABCO® BL-11 were measured into a paper bucket and mixed at high speed for 30 sec. Next, 0.75 g of DABCO® DC5982 Surfactant, 0.30 g of DABCO® T-12, and 22.5 g of methylene chloride were added to the bucket and the contents were mixed at medium speed for 10 seconds. Then 71.0 g of toluene diisocyanate were added to the bucket and the contents were mixed at high speed for 5 seconds. The foam was allowed to rise and the foam was allowed to cure at room temperature for 10 minutes. Finally, the foam was placed in a 200° F. oven for 20 minutes. The cured foam was removed from the oven and the height was measured immediately and Thermogravimetric analysis was completed with results reported in Table 8.

[0159] 135.05 g of VORANOL® 3512A, 14.02 g of CSR 6 from Table 1 above, 5.25 g of OPTIMA® H₂O, 0.23 g of DABCO® 33 LV, and 0.07 g of DABCO® BL-11 were measured into a paper bucket and mixed at high speed for 30 seconds. Next, 0.75 g of DABCO® DC5982 Surfactant, 0.30 g of DABCO® T-12 and 22.5 g of methylene chloride were added to the bucket and the contents were mixed at medium speed for 10 seconds. Then 71.0 g of toluene diisocyanate were added to the bucket and the contents were mixed at high speed for 5 seconds. The foam was allowed to rise and the foam was allowed to cure at room temperature for 10 minutes. Finally, the foam was placed in a 200° F. oven for 20 minutes. The cured foam was removed from the oven and the height was measured immediately and Thermogravimetric analysis was completed with results reported in Table 8.

[0160] 90.03 g of VORANOL® 3512A, 56.09 g of CSR 6 from Table 1 above, 5.25 g of OPTIMA® H₂O, 0.23 g of DABCO® 33 LV, and 0.07 g of DABCO® BL-11 were measured into a paper bucket and mixed at high speed for 30 seconds. Next, 0.75 g of DABCO® DC5982 Surfactant, 0.30 g of DABCO® T-12, and 22.5 g of methylene chloride were added to the bucket and the contents were mixed at medium speed for 10 seconds. Then 71.0 g of toluene diisocyanate were added to the bucket and the contents were mixed at high speed for 5 seconds. The foam was allowed to rise and the foam was allowed to cure at room temperature for 10 minutes. Finally, the foam was placed in a 200° F. oven for 20 minutes. The cured foam was removed from the oven and the height was measured immediately and Thermogravimetric analysis was completed with results reported in Table 8.

[0161]

	TABLE 8
	Cex7	Ex26	Ex27	Ex28	Ex29
Wt % Siloxane Resin	0	5.9	24.4	6.4	25.9
(solids)
Foam Height (mm)	416.67	422.66	309.67	431.37	382.88
Weight Loss (%) Air	1.55	1.03	1.87	0.10	0.53
200° C.
Weight Loss (%) Air	93.34	87.30	82.70	87.08	78.40
350° C.
Weight Loss (%)	2.37	0.98	2.22	0.98	1.13
Nitrogen 200° C.
Weight Loss (%)	59.39	51.34	52.21	47.80	53.47
Nitrogen 350° C.

[0162] Table 8 shows that adding carbinol-functional silicone resins to a urethane foam formulation reduces the weight loss of the resulting foam in both air and nitrogen environments while maintaining similar foam heights to the control.

[0163] Materials:

• [0164] Trimethylolpropane monoallylether (Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee Wis.
• [0165] DOW CORNING 6-3570 Polymer (Trimethylsilyl-terminated dimethylsiloxy/methylhydrogensiloxy co-polymer)(Dow Corning, Midland, Mich.).
• [0166] Triphenylphosphine (Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee Wis.)
• [0167] Allyl alcohol (Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. Milwaukee Wis.)
• [0168] FC-24 —trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, available from 3M, St. Paul, Minn.
  Methods:
  60° Gloss

[0169] (ASTM D523-89) Measured gloss ratings are obtained by comparing the specular reflectance from the sample to that from a black glass standard. Sixty-degree gloss was used for comparing samples. Testing is performed using a Gloss-meter (BYK-Gardner Micro-Tri-gloss, Catalog #4522). A minimum of five readings are taken on the coating surface and the average is reported.

[0170] Two comparative carbinol-functional linear polysiloxanes and a carbinol-functional siloxane resin were synthesized and formulated into a urethane coating formulation at 9.3wt % loading using Desmodur N-3390 isocyanate and Desmophen 870 BA polyol to provide a 1:1 isocyanate:carbinol stoichiometric ratio and butyl acetate as a diluting solvent. with the details of the formulation described in Table 9. In addition, a non-silicone containing urethane coating was prepared. The formulations were applied to 3″×6″ and 3″×9″ acetone degreased, aluminum panels using a 6 mil draw down bar. The coated panels were allowed to air dry for 15 minutes and then oven cured for 30 minutes at 265° F. The coated panels were evaluated for coating quality, distinctness of image and 60° gloss and the results are recorded in Table 9

[0171] The carbinol-functional resin used in example 30 (CSR30) was prepared as follows: Water (282.1 g) was added to a mixture of methyltrimethoxysilane (858.5 g), phenyltrimethoxysilane (1249.4 g) and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (1.05 g). After distillative removal of by-product methanol, toluene (1368.1 g), tetramethyldisiloxane (435.2 g) and acetic acid (195.1 g) were added. After heating at 50-55° C. for three hours, volatiles were removed via distillation until the reaction mixture was at 80° C. Toluene 370.9 g) was added and the mixture washed with water and aqueous sodium bicarbonate, then dried via azeotropic distillation to a concentration of approximately 60 wt %. Allyl alcohol (846.8 g) was added. After heating to 88° C., 1% Pt/A12O3 (1.53 g) was added and the mixture heated at reflux for approximately six hours. Triphenylphosphine (0.061 g) and decolorizing carbon (3.0 g) were added, the mixture filtered and volatiles removed in vacuo, then redissolved to approximately 76 wt % in butyl acetate. The resulting resin structure was determined by ²⁹Si NMR to be M^PrOH_0.32T^Me_0.35T^Ph_0.33 with a carbinol equivalent weight of 355 based on solids.

[0172] The comparative linear carbinol-functional polysiloxane (Linear 2) used in comparative example 8 (Cex8) was prepared as follows: A toluene solution of a divinyltetramethyldisiloxane complex of platinum (0.53 g of a 4810 ppm Pt solution) was added to a heated (65° C.) mixture of a 5 cSt 0.76 wt % reactive hydrogen (as Si—H) trimethylsilyl-terminated dimethylsiloxy/methylhydrogensiloxy co-polymer (5.0 g) available from Dow Corning (Midland, Mis.) as 6-3570 Polymer and allyl alcohol (155.2 g), followed by addition of 95.0 grams more of the co-polymer. The mixture was kept at ≧75° C. for thirty minutes, then triphenylphosphine (0.0153 g) was added. The mixture filtered and volatiles removed in vacuo. The resulting material was a linear carbinol siloxane oligomer with no RSiO_3/2 units and had a carbinol equivalent weight of 249.

[0173] The comparative linear carbinol-functional polysiloxane (Linear 3) used in comparative example 9 (Cex9)was prepared as follows: A toluene solution of a divinyltetramethyldisiloxane complex of platinum (0.56 g of a 4810 ppm Pt solution) was added to a heated (80° C) mixture of a 5 cSt 0.76 wt % reactive hydrogen (as Si—H) trimethylsilyl-terminated dimethylsiloxy/methylhydrogensiloxy co-polymer (5.03 g) available from Dow Corning (Midland, MI) as 6-3570 Polymer and trimethylolpropane monoallyl ether (170.84 g), followed by addition of 95.22 grams more of the co-polymer. The mixture was kept at ≧85° C. for approximately ten minutes. The resulting material was a linear carbinol siloxane oligomer with no RSiO_3/2 units and had a carbinol equivalent weight of 169. Comparative Example 10 (Cex10) coating was prepared using organic isocyanate (Desmodur N-3390) and organic polyol (Desmophen 870 BA) as previously described.

[0174]

TABLE 9
Coating Formulations (weight in grams)
Components	Ex 30	Cex8	Cex9	Cex10
Desmophen 870 BA	1.94	2.10	2.26	1.90
CSR 30 (76% in BA)	0.71
Linear 2		0.55
Linear 3			0.55
Isocyanate: Desmodur	4.35	4.36	4.19	5.10
N-3390
Wt % Carbinol Siloxane	9.3	9.3	9.3	0
Resin or Linear (solids)
Initial Coating Quality	5	3{circumflex over ( )}	1*	4
1 = poor 5 = perfect
Distinctness of Image	90	60	10	80
60° Gloss	131.2	124.3	97.4	131.3
{circumflex over ( )}denotes uniform but hazy
*denotes orange peel

[0175] From Table 9, the results show that formulating with a carbinol-functional siloxane resin containing RSiO_3/2 units provides siloxane modified urethane coatings without reducing the film quality in terms of initial coating quality, distinctness of image and gloss relative to a urethane system with no siloxane added (Cex10) as well as a urethane system having linear siloxanes incorporated (Cex8-9). This enables the coating formulator to incorporate silicones with added thermal resistance (see examples 16-19) into urethane coatings without reduction in appearance characteristics.