Planetary transmissions having four interconnecting members and clutched input members

[0001] The present invention relates to a family of power transmissions having three planetary gear sets that are controlled by seven torque-transmitting devices to provide at least eight forward speed ratios and at least one reverse speed ratio.

[0002] Passenger vehicles include a powertrain that is comprised of an engine, multi-speed transmission, and a differential or final drive. The multi-speed transmission increases the overall operating range of the vehicle by permitting the engine to operate through its torque range a number of times. The number of forward speed ratios that are available in the transmission determines the number of times the engine torque range is repeated. Early automatic transmissions had two speed ranges. This severely limited the overall speed range of the vehicle and therefore required a relatively large engine that could produce a wide speed and torque range. This resulted in the engine operating at a specific fuel consumption point during cruising, other than the most efficient point. Therefore, manually-shifted (countershaft transmissions) were the most popular.

[0003] With the advent of three- and four-speed automatic transmissions, the automatic shifting (planetary gear) transmission increased in popularity with the motoring public. These transmissions improved the operating performance and fuel economy of the vehicle. The increased number of speed ratios reduces, the step size between ratios and therefore improves the shift quality of the transmission by making the ratio interchanges substantially imperceptible to the operator under normal vehicle acceleration.

[0004] It has been suggested that the number of forward speed ratios be increased to six or more. Six-speed transmissions are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,070,927 issued to Polak on Jan. 31, 1978; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,422,969 issued to Raghavan and Usoro on Jul. 23, 2002.

[0005] Six-speed transmissions offer several advantages over four- and five-speed transmissions, including improved vehicle acceleration and improved fuel economy. While many trucks employ power transmissions having six or more forward speed ratios, passenger cars are still manufactured with three- and four-speed automatic transmissions and relatively few five or six-speed devices due to the size and complexity of these transmissions.

[0006] Seven-speed transmissions are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,623,397 issued to Raghavan, Bucknor and Usoro. Eight speed transmissions are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,425,841 issued to Haka. The Haka transmission utilizes three planetary gear sets and six torque transmitting devices, including two brakes and two clutches, to provide eight forward speed ratios and a reverse speed ratio. One of the planetary gear sets is positioned and operated to establish two fixed speed input members for the remaining two planetary gear sets. Seven-, eight- and nine-speed transmissions provide further improvements in acceleration and fuel economy over six-speed transmissions. However, like the six-speed transmissions discussed above, the development of seven-, eight- and nine-speed transmissions has been precluded because of complexity, size and cost.

[0007] It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved family of transmissions having three planetary gear sets controlled to provide at least eight forward speed ratios and at least one reverse speed ratio.

[0008] In one aspect of the present invention, the family of transmissions has three planetary gear sets, each of which includes a first, second and third member, which members may comprise a sun gear, a ring gear, or a planet carrier assembly member, in any order.

[0009] In referring to the first, second and third gear sets in this description and in the claims, these sets may be counted “first” to “third” in any order in the drawings (i.e., left to right, right to left, etc.).

[0010] In another aspect of the present invention, the planetary gear sets may be of the single pinion-type or of the double pinion-type.

[0011] In yet another aspect of the present invention, a first member of the first planetary gear set is continuously interconnected with a first member of the second planetary gear set through a first interconnecting member.

[0012] In yet another aspect of the present invention, a second member of the first planetary gear set is continuously interconnected with a second member of the second planetary gear set through a second interconnecting member.

[0013] In yet another aspect of the present invention, a third member of the first planetary gear set is continuously interconnected with a first member of the third planetary gear set through a third interconnecting member.

[0014] In yet another aspect of the present invention, a third member of the second planetary gear set is continuously interconnected with a second member of the third planetary gear set through a fourth interconnecting member.

[0015] The interconnecting members may be multi-piece rigid connections, single piece rigid connections, shared ring gears, shared carriers, shared sun gears, long pinions, such as in a Ravigneax gear set, or other suitable devices.

[0016] In yet a further aspect of the invention, each family member incorporates an output shaft which is continuously connected with at least one member of the planetary gear sets, and an input shaft which is not continuously connected with any member of the planetary gear sets but is selectively connectable with at least one member of the planetary gear sets through at least one of seven torque-transmitting mechanisms (torque transfer devices).

[0017] In still a further aspect of the invention, a first torque-transmitting mechanism, such as a clutch, selectively interconnects a member of the first planetary gear set with the input shaft.

[0018] In another aspect of the invention, a second torque-transmitting mechanism, such as a clutch, selectively interconnects a member of the second planetary gear set with the input shaft.

[0019] In a still further aspect of the invention, a third torque-transmitting mechanism, such as a clutch, selectively interconnects a member of the first or third planetary gear set with the input shaft.

[0020] In a still further aspect of the invention, a fourth torque-transmitting mechanism, such as a brake, selectively interconnects a member of the first planetary gear set with a stationary member (ground/transmission case).

[0021] In a still further aspect of the invention, a fifth torque-transmitting mechanism, such as a brake, selectively connects a member of the second planetary gear set with the stationary member (ground/transmission case).

[0022] In still another aspect of the invention, a sixth torque-transmitting mechanism, such as a brake, selectively connects a member of the first or third planetary gear set with the stationary member (ground/transmission case).

[0023] In still another aspect of the invention, a seventh torque-transmitting mechanism, such as a clutch, selectively interconnects a member of the first, second or third planetary gear set with another member of the first, second or third planetary gear set. Alternatively, the seventh torque-transmitting mechanism, such as a brake, selectively connects a member of the first, second or third planetary gear set with the stationary member (ground/transmission case).

[0024] In still another aspect of the invention, the seven torque-transmitting mechanisms are selectively engageable in combinations of two to yield at least eight forward speed ratios and at least one reverse speed ratio.

[0025] The above objects and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention are readily apparent from the following detailed description of the best modes for carrying out the invention when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.

[0040] Referring to the drawings, wherein like characters represent the same or corresponding parts throughout the several views, there is shown in FIG. 1a a powertrain 10 having a conventional engine 12, a planetary transmission 14, and a conventional final drive mechanism 16.

[0041] The planetary transmission 14 includes an input shaft 17 connected with the engine 12, a planetary gear arrangement 18, and an output shaft 19 continuously connected with the final drive mechanism 16. The planetary gear arrangement 18 includes three planetary gear sets 20, 30 and 40.

[0042] The planetary gear set 20 includes a sun gear member 22, a ring gear member 24, and a planet carrier assembly 26. The planet carrier assembly 26 includes a plurality of pinion gears 27 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 29 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 22 and the ring gear member 24.

[0043] The planetary gear set 30 includes a sun gear member 32, a ring gear member 34, and a planet carrier assembly member 36. The planet carrier assembly member 36 includes a plurality of pinion gears 37 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 39 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 32 and the ring gear member 34.

[0044] The planetary gear set 40 includes a sun gear member 42, a ring gear member 44, and a planet carrier assembly member 46. The planet carrier assembly member 46 includes a plurality of pinion gears 47 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 49 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 42 and the ring gear member 44.

[0045] The planetary gear arrangement also includes seven torque-transmitting mechanisms 50, 52, 54, 56, 57, 58 and 59. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 50, 52, 54 and 56 are rotating-type torque-transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed clutches. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 57, 58 and 59 are stationary-type torque transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed brakes or reaction clutches.

[0046] The input shaft 17 is not continuously connected with any planetary gear member. The output shaft 19 is continuously connected with the ring gear member 44. The carrier 26 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 36 through the interconnecting member 72. The ring gear member 24 is continuously connected with the sun gear member 32 through the interconnecting member 72. The sun gear member 22 is continuously connected with the sun gear member 42 through the interconnecting member 74. The ring gear member 34 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 46 through the interconnecting member 76.

[0047] The ring gear member 24 is selectively connectable with the input shaft 17 through the clutch 50. The planet carrier assembly member 26 is selectively connectable with the input shaft 17 through the clutch 52. The sun gear member 22 is selectively connectable with the input shaft 17 through the clutch 54. The planet carrier assembly member 46 is selectively connectable with the input shaft 17 through the clutch 56. The ring gear member 24 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 60 through the brake 57. The planet carrier assembly member 36 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 60 through the brake 58. The ring gear member 34 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing through the brake 59.

[0048] As shown in FIG. 1b, and in particular the truth table disclosed therein, the torque-transmitting mechanisms are selectively engaged in combinations of two to provide eight forward speed ratios and two reverse speed ratios.

[0049] The reverse speed ratio is established with the engagement of the clutch 50 and brake 58. The clutch 50 connects the ring gear member 24 with the input shaft 17. The brake 58 connects the planet carrier assembly member 36 with the transmission housing 60. The ring gear member 24 and sun gear member 32 rotate at the same speed as the input shaft 17. The planet carrier assembly members 26 and 36 do not rotate. The sun gear member 22 rotates at the same speed as the sun gear member 42. The speed of the sun gear member 22 is determined from the speed of the ring gear member 24 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 20. The ring gear member 34 rotates at the same speed as the planet carrier assembly member 46. The speed of the ring gear member 34 is determined from the speed of the sun gear member 32 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 30. The ring gear member 44 rotates at the same speed as the output shaft 19. The ring gear member 44, and therefore the output shaft 19, rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 46, the speed of the sun gear member 42, and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 40. The numerical value of the reverse speed ratio is determined utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios of the planetary gear sets 20, 30 and 40.

[0050] The extra reverse speed ratio (R′) is established with the engagement of the clutch 54 and the brake 59. The clutch 54 connects the sun gear member 22 with the input shaft 17. The brake 59 connects the ring gear member 34 with the transmission housing 60. The sun gear members 22 and 42 rotate at the same speed as the input shaft 17. The planet carrier assembly member 26 rotates at the same speed as the planet carrier assembly member 36. The ring gear member 24 rotates at the same speed as the sun gear member 32. The speed of the planet carrier assembly member 26 is determined from the speed of the ring gear member 24, the speed of the sun gear member 22, and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 20. The ring gear member 34 and planet carrier assembly member 46 do not rotate. The planet carrier assembly member 36 rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the sun gear member 32 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 30. The ring gear member 44 rotates at the same speed as the output shaft 19. The ring gear member 44, and therefore the output shaft 19, rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the sun gear member 42 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 40. The numerical value of the extra reverse speed ratio (R′) is determined utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios of the planetary gear sets 20, 30 and 40.

[0051] The first forward speed ratio is established with the engagement of the clutch 54 and brake 58. The clutch connects the sun gear member 22 with the input shaft 17. The brake 58 connects the planet carrier assembly member 36 with the transmission housing 60. The sun gear members 22 and 42 rotate at the same speed as the input shaft 17. The planet carrier assembly members 26, 36 do not rotate. The ring gear member 24 rotates at the same speed as the sun gear member 32. The ring gear member 24 rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the sun gear member 22 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 20. The ring gear member 34 rotates at the same speed as the planet carrier assembly member 46. The ring gear member 34 rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the sun gear member 32 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 30. The ring gear member 44 rotates at the same speed as the output shaft 19. The ring gear member 44, and therefore the output shaft 19, rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 46, the speed of the sun gear member 42, and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 40. The numerical value of the first forward speed ratio is determined utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios of the planetary gear sets 20, 30 and 40.

[0052] The second forward speed ratio is established with the engagement of the clutch 50 and the brake 59. The clutch 50 connects the ring gear member 24 with the input shaft 17. The brake 59 connects the ring gear member 34 with the transmission housing 60. The ring gear member 24 and sun gear member 32 rotate at the same speed as the input shaft 17. The planet carrier assembly member 26 rotates at the same speed as the planet carrier assembly member 36. The sun gear member 22 rotates at the same speed as the sun gear member 42. The speed of the planet carrier assembly member 26 is determined from the speed of the ring gear member 24, the speed of the sun gear member 22, and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 20. The ring gear member 34 and planet carrier assembly member 46 do not rotate. The speed of the planet carrier assembly member 36 is determined from the speed of the sun gear member 32 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 30. The ring gear member 44 rotates at the same speed as the output shaft 19. The ring gear member 44, and therefore the output shaft 19, rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the sun gear member 42 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 40. The numerical value of the second forward speed ratio is determined utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios of the planetary gear sets 20, 30 and 40.

[0053] The third forward speed ratio is established with the engagement of the clutch 56 and the brake 58. The clutch 56 connects the planet carrier assembly member 46 with the input shaft 17. The brake 58 connects the planet carrier assembly member 36 with the transmission housing 60. The planet carrier assembly members 26, 36 do not rotate. The ring gear member 24 rotates at the same speed as the sun gear member 32. The sun gear member 22 rotates at the same speed as the sun gear member 42. The speed of the ring gear member 24 is determined from the speed of the sun gear member 22 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 20. The ring gear member 34 and planet carrier assembly member 46 rotate at the same speed as the input shaft 17. The speed of the sun gear member 32 is determined from the speed of the ring gear member 34 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 30. The ring gear member 44 rotates at the same speed as the output shaft 19. The ring gear member 44, and therefore the output shaft 19, rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 46, the speed of the sun gear member 42, and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 40. The numerical value of the third forward speed ratio is determined utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios of the planetary gear sets 20, 30 and 40.

[0054] The fourth forward speed ratio is established with the engagement of the clutch 54 and the brake 57. The clutch 54 connects the sun gear member 22 with the input shaft 17. The brake 57 connects the ring gear member 24 with the transmission housing 60. The ring gear member 24 and sun gear member 32 do not rotate. The planet carrier assembly member 26 rotates at the same speed as the planet carrier assembly member 36. The sun gear members 22, 42 rotate at the same speed as the input shaft 17. The speed of the planet carrier assembly member 26 is determined from the speed of the sun gear member 22 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 20. The ring gear member 34 rotates at the same speed as the planet carrier assembly member 46. The ring gear member 34 rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 36 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 30. The ring gear member 44 rotates at the same speed as the output shaft 19. The ring gear member 44, and therefore the output shaft 19, rotates at speed determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 46, the speed of the sun gear member 42, and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 40. The numerical value of the fourth forward speed ratio is determined utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios of the planetary gear sets 20, 30 and 40.

[0055] The fifth forward speed ratio is established with the engagement of the clutch 52 and the brake 59. The clutch 52 connects the planet carrier assembly member 26 with the input shaft 17. The brake 59 connects the ring gear member 34 with the transmission housing 60. The ring gear member 24 rotates at the same speed as the sun gear member 32. The planet carrier assembly members 26, 36 rotate at the same speed as the input shaft 17. The sun gear member 22 rotates at the same speed as the sun gear member 42. The speed of the ring gear member 24 is determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 26, the speed of the sun gear member 22, and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 20. The ring gear member 34 and planet carrier assembly member 46 do not rotate. The speed of the sun gear member 32 is determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 36 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 30. The ring gear member 44 rotates at the same speed as the output shaft 19. The ring gear member 44, and therefore the output shaft 19, rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the sun gear member 42 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 40. The numerical value of the fifth forward speed ratio is determined utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios of the planetary gear sets 20, 30 and 40.

[0056] The sixth forward speed ratio is established with the engagement of the clutch 56 and the brake 57. The clutch 56 connects the planet carrier assembly member 46 with the input shaft 17. The brake 57 connects the ring gear member 24 with the transmission housing 60. The ring gear member 24 and sun gear member 32 do not rotate. The planet carrier assembly member 26 rotates at the same speed as the planet carrier assembly member 36. The sun gear member 22 rotates at the same speed as the sun gear member 42. The speed of the planet carrier assembly member 26 is determined from the speed of the sun gear member 22 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 20. The ring gear member 34 and planet carrier assembly member 46 rotate at the same speed as the input shaft 17. The speed of the planet carrier assembly member 36 is determined from the speed of the ring gear member 34 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 30. The ring gear member 44 rotates at the same speed as the output shaft 19. The speed of the ring gear member 44, and therefore the output shaft 19, is determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 46, the speed of the sun gear member 42 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 40. The numerical value of the sixth forward speed ratio is determined utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios of the planetary gear sets 20, 30 and 40.

[0057] The seventh forward speed ratio is established with the engagement of the clutches 52 and 56. In this configuration, the input shaft 17 is directly connected to the output shaft 19. The numerical value of the seventh forward speed ratio is 1.

[0058] The eighth forward speed ratio is established with the engagement of the clutch 52 and the brake 57. The clutch 52 connects the planet carrier assembly member 26 with the input shaft 17. The brake 57 connects the ring gear member 24 with the transmission housing 60. The ring gear member 24 and sun gear member 32 do not rotate. The planet carrier assembly members 26, 36 rotate at the same speed as the input shaft 17. The speed of the sun gear member 22 is determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 26 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 20. The ring gear member 34 rotates at the same speed as the planet carrier assembly member 46. The speed of the ring gear member 34 is determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 36 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 30. The ring gear member 44 rotates at the same speed as the output shaft 19. The ring gear member 44, and therefore the output shaft 19, rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 46, the speed of the sun gear member 42, and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 40. The numerical value of the eighth forward speed ratio is determined utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios of the planetary gear sets 20, 30 and 40.

[0059] As set forth above, the engagement schedule for the torque-transmitting mechanisms is shown in the truth table of FIG. 1b. This truth table also provides an example of speed ratios that are available utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios given by way of example in FIG. 1b. The N_R1/N_S1 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 20; the N_R2/N_S2 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 30; and the N_R3/N_S3 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 40. Also, the chart of FIG. 1b describes the ratio steps that are attained utilizing the sample of tooth ratios given. For example, the step ratio between the first and second forward speed ratios is 1.52, while the step ratio between the reverse and first forward ratio is −0.67.

[0060] FIG. 2a shows a powertrain 110 having a conventional engine 12, a planetary transmission 114, and a conventional final drive mechanism 16.

[0061] The planetary transmission 114 includes an input shaft 17 continuously connected with the engine 12, a planetary gear arrangement 118, and an output shaft 19 continuously connected with the final drive mechanism 16. The planetary gear arrangement 118 includes three planetary gear sets 120, 130 and 140.

[0062] The planetary gear set 120 includes a sun gear member 122, a ring gear member 124, and a planet carrier assembly 126. The planet carrier assembly 126 includes a plurality of pinion gears 127 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 129 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 122 and the ring gear member 124.

[0063] The planetary gear set 130 includes a sun gear member 132, a ring gear member 134, and a planet carrier assembly member 136. The planet carrier assembly member 136 includes a plurality of pinion gears 137 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 139 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 132 and the ring gear member 134.

[0064] The planetary gear set 140 includes a sun gear member 142, a ring gear member 144, and a planet carrier assembly member 146. The planet carrier assembly member 146 includes a plurality of pinion gears 147 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 149 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 142 and the ring gear member 144.

[0065] The planetary gear arrangement 118 also includes seven torque-transmitting mechanisms 150, 152, 154, 156, 157, 158 and 159. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 150, 152 and 154 are rotating-type torque-transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed clutches. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 156, 157, 158 and 159 are stationary-type torque transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed brakes or reaction clutches.

[0066] The input shaft 17 is not continuously connected with any planetary gear member. The output shaft 19 is continuously connected with the sun gear member 142. The ring gear member 124 is continuously connected with the ring gear member 144 through the interconnecting member 170. The planet carrier assembly member 126 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 136 through the interconnecting member 172. The ring gear member 134 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 146 through the interconnecting member 174. The sun gear member 122 is continuously connected with the sun gear member 132 through the interconnecting member 176.

[0067] The sun gear member 122 is selectively connectable with the input shaft 17 through the clutch 150. The planet carrier assembly member 136 is selectively connectable with the input shaft 17 through the clutch 152. The ring gear member 134 is selectively connectable with the input shaft 17 through the clutch 154. The sun gear member 122 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 160 through the brake 156. The planet carrier assembly member 126 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 160 through the brake 157. The ring gear member 144 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 160 through the brake 158. The planet carrier assembly member 146 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 160 through the brake 159.

[0068] The truth table of FIG. 2b describes the engagement sequence utilized to provide eight forward speed ratios and one reverse speed ratio in the planetary gear arrangement 118 shown in FIG. 2a, as well as an extra eighth forward speed ratio.

[0069] The truth tables given in FIGS. 2b, 3b, 4b, 5b, 6b and 7b show the engagement sequences for the torque-transmitting mechanisms to provide at least eight forward speed ratios and at least one reverse ratio. As shown and described above for the configuration in FIG. 1a, those skilled in the art will understand from the respective truth tables how the speed ratios are established through the planetary gear sets identified in the written description.

[0070] As set forth above, the truth table of FIG. 2b describes the engagement sequence of the torque-transmitting mechanisms utilized to provide the reverse drive ratio and eight forward speed ratios, as well as the extra eighth forward speed ratio. The truth table also provides an example of the ratios that can be attained with the family members shown in FIG. 2a utilizing the sample tooth ratios given in FIG. 2b. The N_R1/N_S1 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 120; the N_R2/N_S2 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 130; and the N_R3/N_S3 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 140. Also shown in FIG. 2b are the ratio steps between single step ratios in the forward direction as well as the reverse to first step ratio. For example, the first to second step ratio is 1.56.

[0071] Turning to FIG. 3a, a powertrain 210 includes the engine 12, a planetary transmission 214, and a final drive mechanism 16. The planetary transmission 214 includes an input shaft 17 continuously connected with the engine 12, a planetary gear arrangement 218, and an output shaft 19 continuously connected with the final drive mechanism 16. The planetary gear arrangement 218 includes three planetary gear sets 220, 230 and 240.

[0072] The planetary gear set 220 includes a sun gear member 222, a ring gear member 224, and a planet carrier assembly 226. The planet carrier assembly 226 includes a plurality of pinion gears 227 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 229 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 222 and the ring gear member 224.

[0073] The planetary gear set 230 includes a sun gear member 232, a ring gear member 234, and a planet carrier assembly member 236. The planet carrier assembly member 236 includes a plurality of pinion gears 237 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 239 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 232 and the ring gear member 234.

[0074] The planetary gear set 240 includes a sun gear member 242, a ring gear member 244, and a planet carrier assembly member 246. The planet carrier assembly member 246 includes a plurality of pinion gears 247, 248 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 249, wherein the pinion gears 247 are disposed in meshing relationship with the sun gear member 242 and the pinion gears 248 are disposed in meshing relationship with the ring gear member 244 and with the pinion gears 247.

[0075] The planetary gear arrangement 218 also includes seven torque-transmitting mechanisms 250, 252, 254, 256, 257, 258 and 259. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 250, 252, and 254 are rotating type torque-transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed clutches. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 256, 257, 258 and 259 are stationary-type torque transmitting mechanism, commonly termed brake or reaction clutch.

[0076] The input shaft 17 is not continuously connected with any planetary gear member. The output shaft 19 is continuously connected with the ring gear member 224. The planet carrier assembly member 226 is continuous connected with the ring gear member 244 through the interconnecting member 270. The sun gear member 222 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 236 through the interconnecting member 272. The ring gear member 224 is continuously connected with the sun gear member 232 through the interconnecting member 274. The ring gear member 234 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 246 through the interconnecting member 276.

[0077] The ring gear member 244 is selectively connectable with the input shaft 17 through the clutch 250. The planet carrier assembly member 246 is selectively connectable with the input shaft 17 through the clutch 252. The sun gear member 242 is selectively connectable with the input shaft 17 through the clutch 254. The planet carrier assembly member 236 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 260 through the brake 256. The ring gear member 244 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 260 through the brake 257. The planet carrier assembly member 246 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 260 through the brake 258. The sun gear member 242 is selective connectable with the transmission housing 260 through the brake 259.

[0078] As shown in the truth table in FIG. 3b, the torque-transmitting mechanisms are engaged in combinations of two to establish eight forward speed ratios and two reverse speed ratios.

[0079] As previously set forth, the truth table of FIG. 3b describes the combinations of engagements utilized for the forward and reverse speed ratios. The truth table also provides an example of speed ratios that are available with the family member described above. These examples of speed ratios are determined utilizing the tooth ratios given in FIG. 3b. The N_R1/N_S1 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 220; the N_R2/N_S2 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 230; and the N_R3/N_S3 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 240. Also depicted in FIG. 3b is a chart representing the ratio steps between adjacent forward speed ratios and between the first and reverse speed ratio. For example, the first to second ratio interchange has a step of 2.31.

[0080] A powertrain 310, shown in FIG. 4a, includes the engine 12, a planetary transmission 314, and the final drive mechanism 16. The planetary transmission 314 includes an input shaft 17 continuously connected with the engine 12, a planetary gear arrangement 318, and an output shaft 19 continuously connected with the final drive mechanism 16. The planetary gear arrangement 318 includes three planetary gear sets 320, 330 and 340.

[0081] The planetary gear set 320 includes a sun gear member 322, a ring gear member 324, and a planet carrier assembly member 326. The planet carrier assembly member 326 includes a plurality of pinion gears 327 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 329 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 322 and the ring gear member 324.

[0082] The planetary gear set 330 includes a sun gear member 332, a ring gear member 334, and a planet carrier assembly member 336. The planet carrier assembly member 336 includes a plurality of pinion gears 337 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 339 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 332 and the ring gear member 334.

[0083] The planetary gear set 340 includes a sun gear member 342, a ring gear member 344, and a planet carrier assembly member 346. The planet carrier assembly member 346 includes a plurality of pinion gears 347 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 349 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 342 and the ring gear member 344.

[0084] The planetary gear arrangement 318 also includes seven torque-transmitting mechanisms 350, 352, 354, 356, 357, 358 and 359. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 350, 352 and 354 are rotating type torque-transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed clutches. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 356, 357, 358 and 359 are stationary type torque transfer devices commonly termed brakes or reaction clutches.

[0085] The input shaft 17 is not continuously connected with any planetary gear member. The output shaft 19 is continuously connected with the ring gear member 344. The planet carrier assembly member 326 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 336 through the interconnecting member 370. The ring gear member 324 is continuously connected with the sun gear member 332 through the interconnecting member 372. The sun gear member 322 is continuously connected with the sun gear member 342 through the interconnecting member 374. The ring gear member 334 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 346 through the interconnecting member 376.

[0086] The ring gear member 324 is selectively connectable with the input shaft 17 through the clutch 350. The planet carrier assembly member 326 is selectively connectable with the input shaft 17 through the clutch 352. The sun gear member 322 is selectively connectable with the input shaft 17 through the clutch 354. The ring gear member 324 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 360 through the clutch 356. The planet carrier assembly member 336 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 360 through the brake 357. The sun gear member 322 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 360 through the brake 358. The ring gear member 334 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 360 through the brake 359.

[0087] The truth table shown in FIG. 4b describes the engagement combination and the engagement sequence necessary to provide two reverse drive ratios and eight forward speed ratios. A sample of the numerical values for the ratios is also provided in the truth table of FIG. 4b. These values are determined utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios also given in FIG. 4b. The N_R1/N_S1 value is the tooth ratio for the planetary gear set 320; the N_R2/N_S2 value is the tooth ratio for the planetary gear set 330; and the N_R3/N_S3 value is the tooth ratio for the planetary gear set 340. Also given in FIG. 4b is a chart describing the step ratios between the adjacent forward speed ratios and the reverse to first forward speed ratio. For example, the first to second forward speed ratio step is 2.34.

[0088] A powertrain 410, shown in FIG. 5a, includes the engine 12, a planetary transmission 414 and the final drive mechanism 16. The planetary transmission 414 includes a planetary gear arrangement 418, input shaft 17 and output shaft 19. The planetary gear arrangement 418 includes three simple planetary gear sets 420, 430 and 440.

[0089] The planetary gear set 420 includes a sun gear member 422, a ring gear member 424, and a planet carrier assembly 426. The planet carrier assembly 426 includes a plurality of pinion gears 427 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 429 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 422 and the ring gear member 424.

[0090] The planetary gear set 430 includes a sun gear member 432, a ring gear member 434, and a planet carrier assembly member 436. The planet carrier assembly member 436 includes a plurality of pinion gears 437 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 439 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the ring gear member 434 and the sun gear member 432.

[0091] The planetary gear set 440 includes a sun gear member 442, a ring gear member 444, and a planet carrier assembly member 446. The planet carrier assembly member 446 includes a plurality of pinion gears 447 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 449 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 442 and the ring gear member 444.

[0092] The planetary gear arrangement 418 also includes seven torque-transmitting mechanisms 450, 452, 454, 456, 457, 458 and 459. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 450, 452, 454 and 456 are rotating type torque-transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed clutches. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 457, 458 and 459 are stationary-type torque transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed brakes or reaction clutches.

[0093] The input shaft 17 is not continuously connected with any planetary gear member. The output shaft 19 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 426. The ring gear member 424 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 446 through the interconnecting member 470. The ring gear member 434 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 426 through the interconnecting member 472. The sun gear member 422 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 436 through the interconnecting member 474. The sun gear member 432 is continuously connected with the ring gear member 444 through the interconnecting member 444.

[0094] The planet carrier assembly member 436 is selectively connectable with the input shaft 17 through the clutch 450. The planet carrier assembly member 446 is selectively connectable with the input shaft 17 through the clutch 452. The sun gear member 432 is selectively connectable with the input shaft 17 through the clutch 454. The sun gear member 442 is selectively connectable with the input shaft 17 through the clutch 456. The sun gear member 422 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 460 through the brake 457. The ring gear member 424 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 460 through the brake 458. The sun gear member 442 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 460 through the brake 459.

[0095] The truth table shown in FIG. 5b describes the engagement combination and sequence of the torque-transmitting mechanisms 450, 452, 454, 456, 457, 458 and 459 that are employed to provide the forward and reverse drive ratios.

[0096] Also given in the truth table of FIG. 5b is a set of numerical values that are attainable with the present invention utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios shown. The N_R1/N_S1 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 420; the N_R2/N_S2 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 430; and the N_R3/N_S3 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 440.

[0097] FIG. 5b also provides a chart of the ratio steps between adjacent forward ratios and between the reverse and first forward ratio. For example, the ratio step between the first and second forward ratios is 2.29.

[0098] A powertrain 510, shown in FIG. 6a, includes an engine 12, a planetary gear transmission 514 and the final drive mechanism 16. The planetary transmission 514 includes the input shaft 17, a planetary gear arrangement 518 and the output shaft 19. The planetary gear arrangement 518 includes three planetary gear sets 520, 530 and 540.

[0099] The planetary gear set 520 includes a sun gear member 522, a ring gear member 524, and a planet carrier assembly 526. The planet carrier assembly 526 includes a plurality of pinion gears 527 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 529 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 522 and the ring gear member 524.

[0100] The planetary gear set 530 includes a sun gear member 532, a ring gear member 534, and a planet carrier assembly member 536. The planet carrier assembly member 536 includes a plurality of pinion gears 537 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 539 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 532 and the ring gear member 534.

[0101] The planetary gear set 540 includes a sun gear member 542, a ring gear member 544, and a planet carrier assembly member 546. The planet carrier assembly member 546 includes a plurality of pinion gears 547 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 549 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 542 and the ring gear member 544.

[0102] The planetary gear arrangement 518 also includes seven torque-transmitting mechanisms 550, 552, 554, 556, 557, 558 and 559. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 550, 552, 554 and 556 are rotating type torque-transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed clutches. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 557, 558 and 559 are stationary-type torque transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed brakes or reaction clutches.

[0103] The input shaft 17 is not continuously connected with any planetary gear member. The output shaft 19 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 526. The planet carrier assembly member 526 is continuously connected with the sun gear member 532 through the interconnecting member 570. The ring gear member 524 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 546 through the interconnecting member 572. The sun gear member 522 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 536 through the interconnecting member 574. The ring gear member 534 is continuously connected with the sun gear member 542 through the interconnecting member 576.

[0104] The planet carrier assembly member 536 is selectively connectable with the input shaft 17 through the clutch 550. The planet carrier assembly member 546 is selectively connectable with the input shaft 17 through the clutch 552. The sun gear member 542 is selectively connectable with the input shaft 17 through the clutch 554. The ring gear member 544 is selectively connectable with the input shaft 17 through the clutch 556. The sun gear member 522 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 560 through the brake 557. The ring gear member 524 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 560 through the brake 558. The ring gear member 544 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 560 through the brake 559.

[0105] The truth table shown in FIG. 6b describes the engagement sequence and combination of the torque-transmitting mechanisms to provide two reverse speed ratios and eight forward speed ratios. The chart of FIG. 6b describes the ratio steps between adjacent forward speed ratios and the ratio step between the reverse and first forward speed ratio.

[0106] The sample speed ratios given in the truth table are determined utilizing the tooth ratio values also given in FIG. 6b. The N_R1/N_S1 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 520; the N_R2/N_S2 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 530; and the N_R3/N_S3 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 540.

[0107] A powertrain 610, shown in FIG. 7a, has the engine 12, a planetary transmission 614 and the final drive mechanism 16. The planetary transmission 614 includes the input shaft 17, a planetary gear arrangement 618 and the output shaft 19. The planetary gear arrangement 618 includes three planetary gear sets 620, 630 and 640.

[0108] The planetary gear set 620 includes a sun gear member 622, a ring gear member 624, and a planet carrier assembly 626. The planet carrier assembly 626 includes a plurality of pinion gears 627 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 629 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 622 and the ring gear member 624.

[0109] The planetary gear set 630 includes a sun gear member 632, a ring gear member 634, and a planet carrier assembly member 636. The planet carrier assembly member 636 includes a plurality of pinion gears 637 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 639 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 632 and the ring gear member 634.

[0110] The planetary gear set 640 includes a sun gear member 642, a ring gear member 644, and a planet carrier assembly member 646. The planet carrier assembly member 646 includes a plurality of pinion gears 647 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 649 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 642 and the ring gear member 644.

[0111] The planetary gear arrangement 618 also includes seven torque-transmitting mechanisms 650, 652, 654, 656, 657, 658 and 659. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 650, 652 and 654 are rotating type torque-transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed clutches. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 656, 657, 658 and 659 are stationary-type torque transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed brakes or reaction clutches.

[0112] The input shaft 17 is not continuously connected with any planetary gear member. The output shaft 19 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 626. The ring gear member 624 is continuously connected with the sun gear member 632 through the interconnecting member 670. The planet carrier assembly member 626 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 636 through the interconnecting member 672. The ring gear member 634 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 646 through the interconnecting member 674. The sun gear member 622 is continuously connected with the sun gear member 642 through the interconnecting member 676.

[0113] The sun gear member 642 is selectively connectable with the input shaft 17 through the clutch 650. The planet carrier assembly member 646 is selectively connectable with the input shaft 17 through the clutch 652. The ring gear member 644 is selectively connectable with the input shaft 17 through the clutch 654. The ring gear member 624 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 660 through the brake 656. The sun gear member 622 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 660 through the brake 657. The ring gear member 634 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 660 through the brake 658. The ring gear member 644 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 660 through the brake 659.

[0114] The truth table shown in FIG. 7b describes the combination of torque-transmitting mechanism engagements that will provide the reverse drive ratio and nine forward speed ratios, as well as the sequence of these engagements and interchanges.

[0115] The ratio values given are by way of example and are established utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios given in FIG. 7b. For example, the N_R1/N_S1 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 620; the N_R2/N_S2 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 630; and the N_R3/N_S3 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 640. The ratio steps between adjacent forward ratios and the reverse to first ratio are also given in FIG. 7b.

[0116] While the best modes for carrying out the invention have been described in detail, those familiar with the art to which this invention relates will recognize various alternative designs and embodiments for practicing the invention within the scope of the appended claims.