Water projecting toy

[0001] This application is related to applicant's prior provisional application Ser. No. 60/480,026, filed Jun. 21, 2003, titled Toy Water Gun With Base. The specification of said provisional application is incorporated herein by reference. Applicant hereby claims benefits of said prior provisional application under 35 U.S.C. 119 (e).

[0002] The invention relates to water discharging toys and amusement devices such as “sprinkler toys” and toy water guns, and more particularly to water guns mounted on a stand or continuously supplied with pressurized water via a hose.

[0003] Toy water guns have evolved to include many types, ranging from relatively small devices with a finger actuated pump to devices in which water is stored under pressure, to be released via a trigger actuated valve in a high volume, high pressure stream. U.S. Pat. No. 2,678,753 (Hersey) provides an example of the former, while U.S. Pat. No. 5,305,919 (Johnson et al.) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,799,827 (D'Andrade) exemplify the latter. Other water guns, such as those shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,135,559 (Bamby), U.S. Pat. No. 4,257,460 (Paranay et al.) U.S. Pat. No. 4,867,208 (Fitzgerald et al.),U.S. Pat. No. 5,366,108 (Darling), U.S. Pat. No. 5,373,975 (Husted), and U.S. Pat. No. 6,234,347 (Amron et al.) include means for charging a reservoir with pressurized water through an intermittent connection to a garden hose. U.S. Pat. No. 6,474,507 (Hornsby et al.) discloses a water gun in which a reservoir may be charged through intermittent connection to a garden hose, and which may alternatively be operable while connected to a garden hose, such that intermittent refilling of the reservoir is unnecessary. While no mention is made in the Husted and Amron specifications, it appears the devices disclosed may be capable of operating while connected to a hose, in addition to storing a pressurized charge for separate use.

[0004] Sprinkler toys and decorative lawn sprinklers range from devices that connect to a garden hose and simply spray water outward and/or upward, to more elaborate devices that further utilize the force of pressurized water from the hose to operate a variety of amusing mechanisms. Examples are found in U.S. Pat. No. 2,611,645 (Forman), U.S. Pat. No. 2,046,225 (Vickery), U.S. Pat. No. 2,087,175 (Voight), U.S. Pat. No. 4,205,785 (Stanley), U.S. Pat. No. 4,235,378 (Melin et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 4,787,875 (Baron et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 5,224,652 (Kessler), U.S. Pat. No. 5,338,044 (Mazursky et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 5,403,018 (Sejnowski et al.) and U.S. Pat. No. 6,109,546 (Ogie et al.). Other garden hose connected toys include user manipulated nozzles, guns or the like that allow players to actuate and/or direct a discharge of water. Examples are found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,550,876 (Kulesza), U.S. Pat. No. 5,111,993 (Baker), U.S. Pat. No. 5,934,563 (Gapco) and U.S. Pat. No. 6,082,633 (Kephart et al.). Also known in the art are game apparatus which connect to a hose and selectively discharge water at players, such as devices disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,263,714 (Rudell et al.) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,470,082 (Clayton). Other garden hose connected games include nozzles, guns or the like with which players discharge water either at targets, as in U.S. Pat. No. 3,843,127 (Lack), U.S. Pat. No. 4,165,073 (Kellerstraus) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,779,240 (Santella), or at other players, as in U.S. Pat. No. 4,113,259 (Sands) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,195,751 (Senart). Santella includes a gun connected by a flexible hose to a frame that supplies water, but the gun is not supported by the frame. Sands and Senart disclose sprayers centrally located on a game board. Sands does not allow elevation angle adjustment or a include trigger on its movable nozzle portion. Senart's game board does not include an integral garden hose connector or associated conduit. Nor does it include integral azimuth or elevation adjustment members for movably supporting a nozzle. Rather, a garden hose is fed through a sleeve in the middle of the game board and a hose sprayer is directly attached to the threaded hose end. The hose is “slidably accommodated” in the sleeve in order that the sprayer may be lifted and randomly manipulated by game participants, similar to the gun of Santella '240.

[0005] Arcade games are known in which water guns are permanently attached to the larger structure of a game apparatus. Such game apparatus typically use motorized pumps and permanent plumbing to pressurize and recirculate a self contained supply of water, and to supply the water gun therefrom. Many of these games include pistols attached to the larger apparatus only by a supply hose. The supply hose typically attaches to the pistol at the bottom portion of a handgrip, in fluid communication with a passage through the gun body and a nozzle at the opposite end of the gun. Examples are found in U.S. Pat. No. 1,499,875 (Rosenheim), U.S. Pat. No. 3,336,030 (Martell et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 3,342,492 (Barrett) and U.S. Pat. No. 3,572,712 (Vick). In some game devices, a water gun is supported on the larger apparatus such that the gun may be pivoted for aiming in both azimuth and elevation. Typically the gun's range of motion is restricted to the general direction of the game target. U.S. Pat. No. 1,526,341 (Jeans) discloses such an apparatus wherein several guns are pivotally mounted on the main structure of the apparatus. Each gun has a handgrip and trigger mounted rearward of a pivoting bracket. The bracket attaches the gun to the main structure. The trigger is connected by a mechanical linkage to a valve depending from the gun forwardly of the pivoting bracket. The valve is supplied with pressurized water from the larger apparatus via a pipe which depends from the valve, also forwardly of the mounting bracket. U.S. Pat. No. 2,285,292 (Mangels) discloses a similar gun in which the gun's trigger is an electrical switch which closes an electrical circuit to actuate a motorized pump, located externally of the gun, to thereby force water to the gun's nozzle. The gun has a rear mounted handle adjacent the electrical switch. The gun is mounted to the main structure of the game apparatus by a bracket having pivoting horizontal and vertical adjustment functions similar to those of Jeans '341, but a water supply pipe runs centrally up through the bracket. Similar apparatus are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,439,230 (Mendes) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,573,243 (Bartosik).

[0006] Many irrigation devices are known which are intended for connection to a garden hose and in which a rotary sprinkler head is elevated on a tripod, ground penetrating spike or similar stand. These devices generally are intended to broadcast water while unattended and thus do not require or provide means for an operator to aim or trigger the discharge. Examples are found in U.S. Pat. No. 1,368,416 (Thomas), U.S. Pat. No. 1,685,165 (Keys), U.S. Pat. No. 2,694,600 (Richey), U.S. Pat. No. 4,789,099 (Hager), U.S. Pat. No. 4,824,020 (Harward), U.S. Pat. No. 5,439,176 (Bussiere) and U.S. Pat. No. 6,322,027 (Hsu). Other irrigation and spraying devices include means for elevating a fixed sprinkler head or hose nozzle. Some include water valves and/or directional adjustments, but such features are not intended or adapted for continuous manipulation of aim or triggering. Examples are found in U.S. Pat. No. 544,928 (Patterson), U.S. Pat. No. 619,647 (Wetherby), U.S. Pat. No. 925,680 (Burns), U.S. Pat. No. 973,810 (Regan), U.S. Pat. No. 989,386 (Miller), U.S. Pat. No. 1,156,474 (Gifford), U.S. Pat. No. 1,637,523 (Hamilton), U.S. Pat. No. 2,711,927 (Miller et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 2,792,257 (Davis), U.S. Pat. No. 3,599,917 (Schwartz), U.S. Pat. No. 4,800,916 (Lakey) and U.S. Pat. No. 6,241,163 (Bremer). U.S. Pat. No. 3,012,731 (Williams) discloses a hose directing device adapted for continuous manipulation of discharge direction. The device is not freestanding and does not include a “triggered” valve.

[0007] Fire fighting nozzles and the like are often supported on devices adapted to allow adjustment of horizontal and vertical direction. Typically such devices are relatively heavy machinery permanently mounted on a fire truck, cart or other vehicle as in U.S. Pat. No. 112,969 (Shaw), U.S. Pat. No. 240,602 (McGaffey), U.S. Pat. No. 250,566 (Lynch), U.S. Pat. No. 311,905 (Logan), U.S. Pat. No. 441,697 (Prunty), U.S. Pat. No. 1,583,772 (Blaw), U.S. Pat. No. 1,835,132 (Anania), U.S. Pat. No. 2,593,921 (Robinson), U.S. Pat. No. 2,698,664 (Freeman), U.S. Pat. No. 2,998,199 (Miscovich), U.S. Pat. No. 3,010,519 (Gillespie), U.S. Pat. No. 3,989,109 (Gagliardo), U.S. Pat. No. 4,058,256 (Hobson et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 4,535,846 (Gagliardo et al.) and U.S. Pat. No. 6,179,216 (Panhelleux). Directional adjustments are generally accomplished via gear trains, hand cranks, motors, and/or positioning of the vehicle. Water flow is typically controlled from a separate device or location. U.S. Pat. Nos. U.S. Pat. No. 4,674,686 (Trapp) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,425,505 (Jones) disclose ground standing frames supporting fire fighting discharge heads. In both devices the direction of discharge may be adjusted vertically by a hand crank and horizontally by separate means. The frames do not appreciably elevate the discharge heads and no flow controls are provided. U.S. Pat. No. 139,550 (Cronin), U.S. Pat. No. 1,674,693 (MacGregor) and U.S. Pat. No. 2,501,639 (Warren) disclose nozzle supporting devices that allow operators to directly manipulate the direction of discharge. No flow controls are provided. U.S. Pat. No. 807,184 (Malnburg) discloses a tripod mounted nozzle and includes a lever for manipulating discharge direction. The tripod includes a water fitting with a shutoff valve. The movable nozzle does not include a trigger or other flow control. U.S. Pat. No. 1,738,421 (Corley) discloses a nozzle and pipe assembly on a portable stand. The direction of discharge is adjusted by grasping and moving the nozzle or pipe forward of the stand. The movable portion includes a shut off valve, but does not include a trigger or a normally closed valve.

[0008] Portable showers, wash basins and drinking fountains are found in numerous references. These typically include a ground standing base having some form of vertical riser, a water inlet including a garden hose connector, and a valve for controlling water flow between the water inlet and an outlet. The devices generally do not require or provide for significant adjustments in water discharge direction. Examples are found in U.S. Pat. No. 1,962,840 (Rives), U.S. Pat. No. 2,631,062 (Tiedemann et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 3,113,723 (Arnt), U.S. Pat. No. 3,497,140 (Puegner), U.S. Pat. No. 3,982,284 (Becker), U.S. Pat. No. 5,502,848 (Cowan), U.S. Pat. No. 5,820,472 (Briggs) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,996,142 (Colman).

[0009] Cleaning devices often employ jets of high pressure water. In some devices a spray nozzle is incorporated in an elongated hand held gun. A garden hose or other pressurized supply hose is commonly attached to a rearward handle portion of such guns, or a supply hose may be otherwise connected to the gun. Examples are found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,807,586 (Kao), U.S. Pat. No. 5,199,642 (Rankin), U.S. Pat. No. 5,66,558 (Ichel) and U.S. Pat. No. 6,131,831 (Lawrence). Other devices include a nozzle supported by a brace or stand. Examples are found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,058,259 (Schantz) and U.S. Pat. No. 4,988,063 (Pucillo). Schantz's brace requires that one end or the sprayer rest on the ground and affords no directional adjustment other than repositioning of the stand. Pucillo does not include a trigger and does not allow for continuous manipulation of discharge direction.

[0010] Portable pressurized sprayers, of the type commonly employed for garden and light industrial purposes, may be charged with water and pressurized by connection to a garden hose as in U.S. Pat. No. 4,782,982 and 4,930,664, both to Ellison. The devices disclosed are not intended for use while connected to a hose, only for charging thereby. Once charged the devices are disconnected from the hose and then hand carried. It might be possible to discharge water from the devices while still connected to a hose, but the nozzle portions are not supported for directional manipulation on a base.

[0011] Water discharging toys and amusement devices are generally known to be of a popular and commercially valuable product category. The patent record demonstrates and reflects the constant development efforts made in pursuit of such products, as well as the sometimes small incremental changes that are deemed by patent applicants to be of commercial value. In consideration of the large volume of known water toys, amusement devices and similar fluid dispensing or discharging devices, the prior art appears to be lacking with respect to a toy squirt gun supported on a stand and connected to a garden hose as disclosed herein. The present invention provides valuable developments, some subtle, some more clearly apparent, in this field.

[0012] The invention provides a novel amusement wherein a toy water gun is supported for movement in horizontal and vertical directions upon a freestanding base, and continuously supplied with water from a household supply. The base elevates and stabilizes the water gun above a surface such as a ground such that it may be manipulated for aiming and discharge by a user without the need for the user to lift or otherwise support the gun. The base preferably includes a standard garden hose coupler, for connection to a household exterior water hose or spigot, and preferably conducts water from the household supply to the movable water gun portion of the toy. In more elaborate embodiments, the water gun may include a water reservoir and be separable from the base, such that the gun may be operated while attached to the base, thus being supplied with water from the household supply, or the gun may be detached from the base and operated to discharge water from the onboard reservoir. The reservoir is preferably filled and pressurized via the gun's coupling to the base, but may optionally be filled and pressurized through other means.

[0028] FIG. 1 depicts, by way of illustration and not of limitation, a water gun apparatus 10 constructed in accordance with the present invention. The apparatus comprises a gun 11 having a frame or housing 12 which provides support for other elements of the gun including a valve 13, trigger 14, nozzle 16, a swivel coupler 19, conduits 20 and 21 and a hand grip 23. The apparatus further comprises a free standing, portable base 25 upon which the gun 11 is supported. The base illustrated is a tripod, but other free standing base structures may be employed. The base 25 comprises three legs 26 joined at a central hub 27, a rigid vertical tube 28, a standard female threaded garden hose coupler 29 and a conduit 30 that connects the hose coupler 29 to the vertical tube 28. Conduit 30 is constructed of any suitable rigid or flexible material.

[0029] FIGS. 2 through 5 illustrate several alternative base styles. Each base includes stabilization means to allow the apparatus to stand upright without external support other than from a ground, vertically rising means to elevate a gun to a usable height above the ground, and a standard threaded female garden hose coupler for connecting the base to a household water supply. Each base further includes conduit to establish a fluid path from the garden hose connector to the gun. A tubular riser member may function as conduit in this respect, or separate tubes, pipes or the like may be employed, such as a separate tube 330, shown in phantom in FIG. 3, running through a hub 327 and riser 328. The bases of FIGS. 2–4 utilize feet 226, legs 326 and a single enlarged foot 426, respectively, for stable support upon a ground. The base of FIG. 5 employs a spike 526 for insertion into a ground, and includes a foot peg 527 that a user may step upon to facilitate insertion of the spike. FIGS. 2, 4 and 5 illustrate the use of single tubular risers 228, 428 and 528, while FIG. 3 illustrates the use of legs 326 as both stabilizers and risers.

[0030] With reference to FIGS. 1 and 6, swivel coupler 19 is received within the upper end of tube 28 and retained therein by engagement of an annular lip 50 with an annular protrusion 51 inside the tube. Water flows from hose connector 29 through conduit 30, tube 28, swivel coupler 19 and flexible conduit 20 to an inlet 13a of the valve 13. An o-ring seal 52 prevents leakage between the tube 28 and the coupler 19. Weight of the gun is borne upon the base by engagement of an annular shoulder 53 of swivel 19 and the upper end 54 of the tube. The swivel 19 is free to rotate within the tube 28, thus providing for horizontal adjustment of the gun's direction of discharge. The swivel coupler 19 is pivotally attached to the gun housing 12 via engagement of cylindrical posts 19a with corresponding receptacles (not shown) on the housing. Thus the gun 11 may be pivoted about a second axis, as illustrated In FIG. 11, to provide for vertical adjustment of discharge direction. FIG. 12 illustrates an alternative vertical adjustment configuration whereby a swivel coupler 19′ is non-movably attached to the gun housing (with respect to vertical discharge direction). The gun 11′ is supported on a stand 25′ having a lower rigid section 25a′ and an upper flexible section 25b′. The flexible portion is easily bent by application of force to the handgrip 23′, thus serving as a hinge to pivot the gun 11′ about the rigid portion of the stand 25′.

[0031] FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate alternative plumbing arrangements between the gun 11 and base 25. In FIG. 7 conduit 30′ is configured as a flexible tube extending through rigid tube 28′ and attaching to the lower end of swivel 19′. In FIG. 8, conduit 30″ is configured as an extension of conduit 20″ from the gun 11, passing through the swivel coupler 19″ and the vertical tube 28″. Both of these arrangements will limit horizontal rotation of the gun to that allowed by the twisting of conduit 30′ or 30″, whereas rotation is unlimited with the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 6.

[0032] With reference again to FIG. 1, it may be observed that the gun is discharged by manipulation of the trigger 14 to open the valve 13 via a linkage 60 and a lever 61. The valve 13 is preferably of a normally closed type, biased to prevent water flow. The trigger 14 is pulled toward the handgrip 23, which moves linkage 60 rearward to pivot lever 61. Lever 61 in turn pulls a rod 13c rearward to open an internal passage of valve 13, thereby allowing water to flow from the valve inlet 13a to its outlet 13b. Conduit 21 conducts water from valve outlet 13b to the nozzle 16, from which it is discharged. Upon release of the trigger 14, a spring 62 returns the trigger, linkage 60 and lever 61 to their rest positions. Other flow gating structures may be suitably employed to selectably inhibit or enable water flow, including many types found in the prior art of water guns, such as ball valves, plunger valves, and “pinch” valves wherein a flexible tube is pinched or clamped to close a water passage.

[0033] FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate a “pull” trigger and a “push” trigger, respectively, that may be incorporated in embodiments of the invention. FIG. 9 provides an enlarged depiction of the trigger 14 described above. The trigger is pivoted about a post 14a on the gun housing 12. Clockwise motion of the trigger 14 results in similar clockwise rotation of the lever 61 about a second post 61a, such that rod 13c is pulled rearward with respect to the housing to open valve 13. The “push” trigger 14′ of FIG. 10 is actuated by pivoting it in the counterclockwise direction about a post 14a′. In this configuration, the user's fingers are wrapped around the handgrip 23′ and the trigger 14′ is engaged by the palm of the user's hand. The lever 61′ in this configuration is pivoted intermediate linkage 60′ and valve rod 13c′ such that counterclockwise rotation of the trigger 14′ and lever 61′ again results in rearward motion of the rod 13c′ to open the valve. Other trigger configurations, such as triggers actuated by a single finger, push buttons or sliding triggers, may similarly be used to open valves in other embodiments of the invention.

[0034] FIG. 15 depicts, by way of illustration and not of limitation, another water gun apparatus 110 constructed in accordance with the present invention. The apparatus comprises a gun 111 having a frame or housing 112 which provides support for other elements of the gun including a valve 113, triggers 114 and 115, nozzle 116, water reservoir 117, bladder 118, a “quick connect” coupler 119, conduits 120, 121, and 122, and hand grips 123 and 124. The apparatus further comprises a free standing base 125 upon which the gun 111 may be supported. The base illustrated is a tripod, but other free standing base structures may be employed. The base comprises three legs 126 joined at a central hub 127, a quick connect coupler 128, a standard female threaded garden hose coupler 129 and a conduit 130 that provides a fluid path between “quick” coupler 128 and hose coupler 129. Conduit 130 is constructed of any suitable rigid or flexible material or combinations thereof. The legs 126 provide three point stabilization of the apparatus and also serve in combination as a vertical riser to elevate the gun to a convenient height for operation.

[0035] FIGS. 16, 17 and 18 depict typical details of quick couplers 119 and 128. The couplers 119 and 128 are male and female, respectively, in this embodiment, by design choice and not by necessity. Other coupling configurations may be employed. Both couplers preferably include one-way check valve components to prevent water flow upon disconnection of the pair. Coupler 119 includes a ball 131 biased to close an internal passage 132 so that water cannot flow out from conduit 120. Coupler 128 includes a movable member 133 having a head 133a which is forced into sealing engagement with a seat 134 by water pressure within conduit 130. Upon insertion of the male coupler 119 into the female coupler 128 (ref. FIG. 18), the tip 135 of the male coupler displaces the movable member 133 to allow water to flow past the seat 134 and into the tip portion 132a of passage 132. Elevated pressure of the water forces the ball 131 against the bias of a spring 136 such that water flows past the ball and through the passage, as indicated by arrows in FIG. 18. The male coupler 119 includes an o-ring seal 137 to prevent leakage between the two couplers. The female connector 128 employs a movable collar 137 and a number of balls 138 to retain or release the male coupler. FIG. 18 depicts the two couplers in engagement, with the collar 137 biased to its normal retaining position by a spring 139. The balls 138 are radially movable within holes 142 of the cylindrical body 143 of coupler 128 and are retained within the holes by a beveled inside edge of the hole and by the collar 137. The inner surface of the collar drives balls 138 radially inward to engage a reduced diameter section 140 of the male coupler, thereby preventing separation of the two couplers. The couplers are disengaged by manually retracting the collar (downward movement with respect to the figures) so that the balls 138 are able to move radially outward into an enlarged inside diameter section 141 of the collar, as depicted in FIG. 17.

[0036] A lower neck 144 of coupler 128 may be mechanically connected to a separate conduit 30 (ref. FIG. 15) or may be extended to incorporate all or part of such a conduit. As previously discussed in reference to the embodiment of FIG. 1, the embodiment of FIG. 15 may employ other base configurations, such as but not limited to, those illustrated in FIGS. 2 through 5. The coupler 128 may be attached to, incorporate or be incorporated in various conduits, risers and/or hubs of such bases.

[0037] The coupler 119 includes a pair of cylindrical posts or protrusions 119a which are pivotally received within suitable receptacles on the gun housing 112, whereby the coupler 119 may be pivoted through a reasonably wide arc with respect to the gun, as illustrated in FIG. 14. Thus, the gun 111 may be pivoted for adjustment of elevation angle, i.e., the vertical direction of discharge. Alternatively, the coupler 119 may be in fixed position on the gun and the other coupler 128 may be pivotally engaged on the base to provide similar vertical adjustment capability. Likewise, vertical adjustment of discharge direction may be facilitated by a flexible riser member on the base, as has been described with reference to FIG. 12, or by a similarly flexible member incorporated in the gun.

[0038] The manner of adjustment of the horizontal direction of discharge, or azimuth angle, is similar to that described for the embodiment of FIG. 1. The coupler 119 of the gun 111 is free to rotate within the coupler 128 of the base 125. Thus, the gun may be freely rotated with respect to azimuth.

[0039] In operation, the gun 111 is initially mounted onto the base by engagement of coupler 119 to coupler 128 as has been described. With the base operably coupled to a household water supply via garden hose connector 129, and with such supply placed in condition to cause pressurized water to be provided to connector 129, water will flow through the base and into conduit 120 of the gun 111. The conduit branches through a splitter 120a so that pressurized water is provided both to the valve inlet 113a and to the expandable bladder 118 within reservoir 117, via conduit 122. A first end of the bladder 118 is in fluid communication with conduit 122. A second end of the bladder is sealed by a plug 118a. Application of pressurized water causes the bladder to expand within the reservoir until it substantially fills the reservoirs interior. Note that the branching function of splitter 120a may be incorporated in or provided by other elements of the gun, such as coupler 119, valve 113 or bladder/reservoir 118/117.

[0040] Actuation of the rearmost trigger 114 (i.e., squeezing the trigger toward the handgrip 123) causes the valve 113 to be opened, whereby water is discharged from the nozzle 116. As may be better observed with reference to FIG. 19, the trigger 114, pivoted about a post 114a, pulls back a linkage 160 to pivot a lever 161 about a post 161a. The lever pulls a linkage 163 rearward. The linkage includes a bead 163a, which engages and moves a coupler 164 that joins the linkage 163 to valve actuating rod 113c. The coupler pulls rod 113c rearward to open the valve, allowing water to flow from inlet 113a to outlet 113b, through conduit 121 and to nozzle 116 (ref. FIG. 15) for discharge therefrom.

[0041] Once the bladder 118 has been at least partially filled, as depicted in FIG. 19, the gun 111 may be operated while separated from the base 125. A user releases the gun from the base by disengaging couplers 119 and 128 as has been described with reference to FIGS. 16, 17 and 18. The gun may then be held by the user and operated by actuation of trigger 114, or more conveniently, by actuation of the second trigger 115, which pivots about a post 115a. As trigger 115 pivots rearward it engages the forward end of coupler 164, pushing the coupler rearward. The coupler engages a bead 113d on rod 113c, pulling the bead and rod rearward to open valve 113. A spring 165 biases trigger 115 forwardly. It may be noted that the other end of coupler 164 slidingly receives linkage 163, so that the linkage is not affected by rearward movement of the coupler 164. Thus, actuation of trigger 115 does not cause movement of the rear trigger 114. Likewise, since trigger 115 is not affixed to either the rod 113c or coupler 164, actuation of rear trigger 114 does not cause movement of forward trigger 115.

[0042] With the gun 111 separated from the base 125, bladder 118 provides a supply of water to the valve inlet 113a. Water is prevented by ball 131 from exiting through coupler 119 (ref. FIG. 17). Water pressure is provided by resilience of the expanded bladder 118, which is preferably constructed of a highly elastic rubber or similar material. The presently illustrated reservoir 117 provides support for bladder 118 and limits its expansion to guard against rupture. However, the illustrated components are not to be construed as limiting. A bladder may be otherwise supported and otherwise protected from overfilling, and may itself incorporate functional aspects of the illustrated reservoir. Further, while an elastic bladder has been illustrated, other expandable chambers may be incorporated, such as a bellows or a piston and cylinder. Water discharging pressure can be provided by means such as biasing springs or manual force.

[0043] Other storage and pressurizing means may be incorporated in place of, or in addition, to those that have been described and illustrated. For instance, while the illustrated reservoir 117 is preferably not airtight, a similar airtight tank may be used in combination with an elastic bladder, a non-elastic bladder or no bladder at all, whereby air trapped within the tank will be compressed as the tank or bladder becomes filled by water, thereby providing pressure to expel water from the gun. A pump might be added to allow air pressure within such a reservoir to be increased manually by a user. A non-pressurized tank may be incorporated, along with a pump, whereby the tank might be filled by connection of the gun to the base, for subsequent pressurization of the tank by the pump, or for subsequent transfer of water, via the pump, to a pressurized tank or bladder. A pump might be employed to directly discharge water from a non-pressurized tank. Additional air and/or water containers and pumps may be added and/or substituted for those described, to provide design variations, without deviating from the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0044] While embodiments of the invention and variations thereto have been described in this specification, it is noted that the present embodiments are intended to be considered as illustrative, and not restrictive upon the scope of the invention. Variations, modifications and improvements will likely occur to persons of average skill in the art, upon consideration and understanding of the embodiments presented. It is therefore the intent of the following claims to include all such variations, modifications, alterations and improvements that fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.