Intervertebral spacer device having a domed arch shaped spring

[0001] This application is a continuation in part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/982,148 filed Oct. 18, 2001 and entitled “An Intervertebral Spacer Device Having Arch Shaped Spring Elements”, which is fully incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] This invention relates generally to a spinal implant assembly for implantation into the intervertebral space between adjacent vertebral bones to simultaneously provide stabilization and continued flexibility and proper anatomical motion.

[0003] The bones and connective tissue of an adult human spinal column consists of more than 20 discrete bones coupled sequentially to one another by a tri-joint complex which consists of an anterior disc and the two posterior facet joints, the anterior discs of adjacent bones being cushioned by cartilage spacers referred to as intervertebral discs. These more than 20 bones are anatomically categorized as being members of one of four classifications: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or sacral. The cervical portion of the spine, which comprises the top of the spine, up to the base of the skull, includes the first 7 vertebrae. The intermediate 12 bones are the thoracic vertebrae, and connect to the lower spine comprising the 5 lumbar vertebrae. The base of the spine is the sacral bones (including the coccyx). The component bones of the cervical spine are generally smaller than those of the thoracic spine, which are in turn smaller than those of the lumbar region. The sacral region connects laterally to the pelvis. While the sacral region is an integral part of the spine, for the purposes of fusion surgeries and for this disclosure, the word spine shall refer only to the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions.

[0004] The spinal column of bones is highly complex in that it includes over twenty bones coupled to one another, housing and protecting critical elements of the nervous system having innumerable peripheral nerves and circulatory bodies in close proximity. In spite of these complications, the spine is a highly flexible structure, capable of a high degree of curvature and twist in nearly every direction.

[0005] Genetic or developmental irregularities, trauma, chronic stress, tumors, and degenerative wear are a few of the causes which can result in spinal pathologies for which surgical intervention may be necessary. A variety of systems have been disclosed in the art which achieve immobilization and/or fusion of adjacent bones by implanting artificial assemblies in or on the spinal column. The region of the back which needs to be immobilized, as well as the individual variations in anatomy, determine the appropriate surgical protocol and implantation assembly. With respect to the failure of the intervertebral disc, the interbody fusion cage has generated substantial interest because it can be implanted laparoscopically into the anterior of the spine, thus reducing operating room time, patient recovery time, and scarification.

[0006] Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, in which a side perspective view of an intervertebral body cage and an anterior perspective view of a post implantation spinal column are shown, respectively, a more complete description of these devices of the prior art is herein provided. These cages 10 generally comprise tubular metal body 12 having an external surface threading 14. They are inserted transverse to the axis of the spine 16, into preformed cylindrical holes at the junction of adjacent vertebral bodies (in FIG. 2 the pair of cages 10 are inserted between the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) and the top of the sacrum (S1). Two cages 10 are generally inserted side by side with the external threading 14 tapping into the lower surface of the vertebral bone above (L5), and the upper surface of the vertebral bone (S1) below. The cages 10 include holes 18 through which the adjacent bones are to grow. Additional material, for example autogenous bone graft materials, may be inserted into the hollow interior 20 of the cage 10 to incite or accelerate the growth of the bone into the cage. End caps (not shown) are often utilized to hold the bone graft material within the cage 10.

[0007] These cages of the prior art have enjoyed medical success in promoting fusion and grossly approximating proper disc height. It is, however, important to note that the fusion of the adjacent bones is an incomplete solution to the underlying pathology as it does not cure the ailment, but rather simply masks the pathology under a stabilizing bridge of bone. This bone fusion limits the overall flexibility of the spinal column and artificially constrains the normal motion of the patient. This constraint can cause collateral injury to the patient's spine as additional stresses of motion, normally borne by the now-fused joint, are transferred onto the nearby facet joints and intervertebral discs. It would therefore, be a considerable advance in the art to provide an implant assembly which does not promote fusion, but, rather, which nearly completely mimics the biomechanical action of the natural disc cartilage, thereby permitting continued normal motion and stress distribution.

[0008] It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a new and novel intervertebral spacer which stabilizes the spine without promoting a bone fusion across the intervertebral space.

[0009] It is further an object of the present invention to provide an implant device which stabilizes the spine while still permitting normal motion.

[0010] It is further an object of the present invention to provide a device for implantation into the intervertebral space which does not promote the abnormal distribution of biomechanical stresses on the patient's spine.

[0011] Other objects of the present invention not explicitly stated will be set forth and will be more clearly understood in conjunction with the descriptions of the preferred embodiments disclosed hereafter.

[0012] The preceding objects of the invention are achieved by the present invention which is a flexible intervertebral spacer device comprising a pair of spaced apart base plates, arranged in a substantially parallel planar alignment (or slightly offset relative to one another in accordance with proper lordotic angulation) and coupled to one another by means of at least one spring mechanism. This at least one spring mechanism provides a strong restoring force when a compressive load is applied to the plates, and may also permit limited rotation of the two plates relative to one another. While there are a wide variety of embodiments contemplated, one preferred embodiment is described herein as representative of preferred types.

[0013] More particularly, with respect to the base plates, which are largely similar in all embodiments, as the assembly is to be positioned between the facing surfaces of adjacent vertebral bodies, and as such need to have substantially flat external surfaces which seat against the opposing bone surfaces. Inasmuch as these bone surfaces are often concave, it is anticipated that the opposing plates may be convex in accordance with the average topology of the spinal anatomy. In addition, the plates are to mate with the bone surfaces in such a way as to not rotate relative thereto. (The plates rotate relative to one another, but not with respect to the bone surfaces to which they are each in contact with.) In order to prevent rotation of a plate relative to the bone, the upper and lower plates alternatively may each include outwardly directed spikes which penetrate the bone surface and mechanically hold the plates in place. However, it is more preferably anticipated that the plates should include a porous coating into which the bone of the vertebral body can grow. The most desirable upper and lower plate surface porous feature is a deflectable wire mesh into which the bone can readily grow, and which mesh will deform to seat into the concave upper and lower bone faces. (Note that this limited fusion of the bone to the base plate does not extend across the intervertebral space.) These features, while being preferred are not required.

[0014] Between the base plates, on the exterior of the device, there may also be included a circumferential wall which is resilient and which simply prevents vessels and tissues from entering within the interior of the device. This resilient wall may comprise a porous fabric or a semi-impermeable elastomeric material. Suitable tissue compatible materials meeting the simple mechanical requirements of flexibility and durability are prevalent in a number of medical fields including cardiovascular medicine, wherein such materials are utilized for venous and arterial wall repair, or for use with artificial valve replacements. Alternatively, suitable plastic materials are utilized in the surgical repair of gross damage to muscles and organs. Still further materials which could be utilized herein may be found in the field of orthopedic in conjunction with ligament and tendon repair. It is anticipated that future developments in this area will produce materials which are compatible for use with this invention, the breadth of which shall not be limited by the choice of such a material. For the purposes of this description, however, it shall be understood that such a circumferential wall is unnecessary, and in some instances may be a hindrance, and thusly is not included in the specific embodiment set forth hereinbelow.

[0015] As introduced above, the internal structure of the present invention comprises a spring member, or other equivalent subassembly which provides a restoring force when compressed. It is desirable that the restoring forces be directed outward against the opposing plates, when a compressive load is applied to the plates. More particularly, the restoring force providing subassembly comprises an arch-shaped metal strip which is secured to the lower plate and against movement therefrom at its lateral ends. The arched strips of metal comprise flat ends and a curvate central portion. The curvate central portion is curvate in two axes, and shall hereinafter be termed a domed arch. The central portion is curved along the long axis (the length of the strip) of the strip into an upside down U-shape. The central portion is further curved in the lateral direction (the width of the strip) such that the outer surface (the top of the upside down U-shape) is convex. Stated alternatively, the central curvate portion of the metal strip comprises a section of a hemispheric shell (or paraboloid, or other suitable geometric shape) which has been cut along two arcs which are parallel to, but on opposing sides of a diameter (great circles) of the surface.

[0016] The arched portions of the strips deflect under loading, but provide a restoring force in opposition to the loading until they are permitted to regain their original shape. The restoring force of an arched strip of metal is proportional to the elastic properties of the material as well as the length and arc of the curvate central portion of the strip. The elasticity of the metal, which endures and counteracts the strain of the material, causes a deflection in the height of the arch.

[0017] In the preferred embodiment, the peak of the domed arch further comprises a socket for flexibly coupling to a post member on the interior surface of the opposing plate. This post couples to the spring to form a ball and socket joint at the peak of the domed arch, which joint permits the plates to rotate relative to one another. This rotation may be constrained by the specific conformation of the joint such that the plates are free to rotate through only a range of angles.

[0018] More particularly, this embodiment comprises a pair of spaced apart base plates, one of which includes means for coupling the flat lateral ends of the domed arched spring thereto it (such as simple set screws). The other of the plates is similarly shaped, having a flat exterior surface (which may include a mesh or porous coating to permit bony ingrowth), but further includes a short central post portion which rises out of the interior face at a nearly perpendicular angle. The top of this short post portion includes a ball-shaped knob. The knob includes a central threaded axial bore which receives a small set screw. Prior to the insertion of the set screw, the ball-shaped head of the post can deflect radially inward (so that the ball-shaped knob contracts). The insertion of the set screw eliminates the capacity for this deflection.

[0019] As introduced above, a domed arch spring is mounted to this ball-shaped knob in such a way that it may rotate freely through a range of angles equivalent to the fraction of normal human spine rotation (to mimic normal disc rotation). In order to couple with the post, the strip spring includes an socket which accommodates the ball-shaped portion of the post. More particularly, the socket includes a curvate volume having a substantially constant radius of curvature which is also substantially equivalent to the radius of the ball-shaped head of the post. The deflectability of the ball-shaped head of the post, prior to the insertion of the set screw, permits the head to be inserted into the interior volume at the center of the spring, and the washer to be rotated into the proper lordotic angulation. Subsequent introduction of the set screw into the axial bore of the post flexibly retains the head in the socket of the strip spring. This assembly provides ample spring-like performance with respect to axial compressive loads, as well as long cycle life to mimic the axial biomechanical performance of the normal human intervertebral disc.

[0025] While the present invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which particular embodiments and methods of implantation are shown, it is to be understood at the outset that persons skilled in the art may modify the invention herein described while achieving the functions and results of this invention. Accordingly, the descriptions which follow are to be understood as illustrative and exemplary of specific structures, aspects and features within the broad scope of the present invention and not as limiting of such broad scope. Like numbers refer to similar features of like elements throughout.

[0026] Referring now to FIGS. 3a and 3b, side cross-section views of the top and bottom plate members 100a 100b of a first embodiment of the present invention are shown. More particularly, in this embodiment, the upper and lower plates 100a,100b are nearly identical. As the device is designed to be positioned between the facing surfaces of adjacent vertebral bodies, the plates include substantially flat surface portions 102a,102b which seat against the opposing bone surfaces. In addition, the plates are to mate with the bone surfaces in such a way as to not rotate relative thereto. It is, therefore, preferred that the plates should include a porous coating into which the bone of the vertebral body can grow. The most desirable upper and lower plate surface porous feature is a deflectable wire mesh into which the bone can readily grow, and which mesh 104a,104b will deform to seat into the concave upper and lower bone faces. (Note that this limited fusion of the bone to the base plate does not extend across the intervertebral space.)

[0027] Plate 100a further includes a single set of threaded holes 101 for receiving the set screws (shown in FIG. 4) required to affix the lateral ends of the domed arch strip spring thereto it.

[0028] Referring now also to FIG. 5, plate 100b has a similar shaped to the plates described above, i.e., having a flat exterior surface 102b which is designed to seat against the exposed opposing bone face in an intervertebral space, but plate 100b further includes a short central post member 105 which rises out of the interior face 103 at a nearly perpendicular angle. The top of this short post member 105 includes a ball-shaped head 107. The head 107 includes a central threaded axial bore 109 which extends down the post 105. This threaded bore 109 is designed to receive a small set screw 101. Prior to the insertion of the set screw 101, the ball-shaped head 107 of the post 105 can deflect radially inward (so that the ball-shaped head contracts). The insertion of the set screw 101 eliminates the capacity for this deflection.

[0029] Referring now to FIG. 7, the domed arch strip spring 130 of this embodiment is shown in a side cross-section view. As introduced above, the arched strips of metal comprise flat ends 142 and a curvate central portion 144. The curvate central portion 144 is curvate in two axes, and shall hereinafter be termed a domed arch 144. The central portion 144 is curved along the long axis (the length of the strip) of the strip into an upside down U-shape. The central portion 144 is further curved in the lateral direction (the width of the strip) such that the outer surface (the top of the upside down U-shape) is convex. Stated alternatively, the central curvate portion 144 of the metal strip comprises a section of a hemispheric shell (or paraboloid, or other suitable geometric shape) which has been cut along two arcs which are parallel to, but on opposing sides of a diameter (great circles) of the surface.

[0030] This domed arch strip spring 130 further includes the additional feature of having an enlarged central opening 132. This central opening 132 includes a curvate volume 133 for receiving therein the ball-shaped head 107 of the post 105 of the lower plate 100b described above. More particularly, the curvate volume 133 has a substantially constant radius of curvature which is also substantially equivalent to the radius of the ball-shaped head 107 of the post 105.

[0031] Referring also to FIG. 5, in which the fully assembled second embodiment of the present invention is shown, the combination and assembly of this embodiment is now provided. The deflectability of the ball-shaped head 107 of the post 105, prior to the insertion of the set screw 101, permits the head 107 to be inserted into the interior volume 133 at the peak of the domed arch strip spring 130. Subsequent introduction of the set screw 101 into the axial bore 109 of the post 101 flexibly couples the head 107 to the spring 130 by virtue of the head 107 not being compressible and removable from the central volume 133, but the post 105 being polyaxially retained in the socket 133. Ideally the post head 107 is locked loosely enough within the central volume 133 of the spring 130 such that anatomically relevant rotation of the plates 100a,100b remains viable. In alternative variation, however, it is possible to design the coupling such that the locking of the set screw 101 in the head 107 locks the assembly in one rotational orientation, preventing free rotation of the plates relative to one another. A combined embodiment may be one in which the set screw 101 may be selectively positioned in an unlocked (but still securing for the purpose of retention) and a locked orientation.

[0032] While there has been described and illustrated embodiments of an intervertebral spacer device, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variations and modifications are possible without deviating from the broad spirit and principle of the present invention. The present invention shall, therefore, not be limited solely to the specific embodiments disclosed herein.