Apparatus using multi-directional resistance in exercise equipment

[00002] This invention relates to exercise equipment and a method of operating the same, and more particularly to the use of multi-directional resistance in an exercise machine that allows the user to duplicate actual athletic procedures.

[00003] Maintaining proper fitness is a growing concern for many Americans. The medical community has become increasingly aware in the value of exercise to the overall health of an individual. Furthermore, athletes need regular and stringent workouts to maintain their abilities. As a result, more and more individuals are committed to a routine of regular exercise. However, it is difficult for many to devote a great amount of time in their regular exercise routine. Also, many prefer to workout in the home instead of a gymnasium because this provides the flexibility of working out when a schedule allows the time. Simultaneously, there is a demand for exercise equipment that is capable of providing an effective stringent workout with the ability to duplicate athletic routines.

[00004] As is known by the practitioner in the art, a conventional running exercise machine uses rotary potentiometers installed on the consoles in front of the machines. These potentiometers will vary the speed of the machine allowing the user to run faster or slower. However, the only resistance provided by this kind of running machine is through the tilt of the running machine platform. If the user wants a harder workout then the user will raise the incline of the platform simulating the resistance of the incline of a hill. Also, if the user desires an easier workout they will lower the incline of the platform. The problem with this type of resistance in the running machine is that there is a limited range and direction of resistance for increasing the strength of a users' lower extremities or duplicating athletic procedures.

[00005] The running machine described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,444,812, entitled “Automatic Speed Servo-Control Apparatus For Electrically Powered Walking-Running Exercise Machine,” to Thibodeau, is confined to a speed servo-control for a user to walk/run on a moving belt with a direct current drive input that controls the speed of the moving belt. A cord assembly includes a belt that is tied around the users' waist and connected to a control unit that allows the user to increase or decrease the speed of the moving belt. The apparatus does not provide the user with multi-directional resistance and control to their legs providing for appropriate propriociptive neuromuscular facilitation within the specific musculature. The user is limited in their ability to strengthen their legs and stride and cannot duplicate athletic procedures.

[00006] In another exercise machine as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,385,520, entitled “Ice Skating Treadmill,” to Lepine et al., some of the protocols for the biomechanics of ice skating are duplicated in an ice skating treadmill. The ice skating treadmill relies on a lubricated rotatable surface providing a coefficient of friction close to that of natural ice. The ice skating treadmill allows natural ice skating behavior in a fixed position. However, this ice skating treadmill does not provide the capability to provide multi-directional resistance on the lower extremities in a correct biomechanical position. It does not provide for appropriate propriociptive neuromuscular facilitation within the specific musculature duplicating athletic procedures. The user is limited in their ability to strengthen their legs and stride.

[00007] What is needed is an exercise machine that will incorporate a multi-directional resistance means providing different levels of strengthening to the users' lower extremities and duplicating actual athletic procedures.

[00008] It is an aspect of this invention to provide a running machine with a multi-directional resistance directed at the user, which allows a directed strengthening of the users' lower extremities by duplicating actual athletic procedures.

[00009] It is another aspect of this invention to provide an ice skating machine with a multi-directional resistance directed at the user, which allows a directed strengthening of the users' lower extremities by duplicating actual athletic procedures.

[00010] To accomplish these and other aspects of this invention an exercise apparatus includes a frame for supporting all the components of the apparatus and a multi-directional resistance means for providing a user of the apparatus the ability to duplicate actual athletic procedures. The apparatus includes a treadmill for the user to operate with the multidirectional resistance means and at least two connection means between the users' legs and the multi-directional resistance means. A front bar is mounted on the frame for the user to hold onto while duplicating an athletic procedure. Finally, there is a controlling means to adjust the multi-directional resistance means for changing the effect of the users' workout.

[00027] While the present invention is described below with reference to a running and skating machine, a practitioner in the art will recognize the principles of the present invention are applicable elsewhere.

[00028] FIG. 1 shows an exercise treadmill apparatus 10 in the preferred embodiment of the invention. A frame 11 supports all the components of the apparatus 10. This includes the treadmill platform 17, an endless belt 19, a multi-directional resistance means 45, a controlling means 15, a front bar 33, a left side bar 32 and a right side bar 22 (FIG. 7A). The front bar 33, similar in design to a bicycle handle bar, is for user 23 to hold onto while strengthening their stride and lower extremity muscles. A left sidebar 22 and a right sidebar 32 gives the user 23 the ability to do crossover strides and to duplicate actual athletic procedures when using the multi-directional resistance means 45.

[00029] The user 23 may operate the endless belt 19 in conjunction with the multi-directional resistance means 45 or may prefer not to operate the endless belt 19 when using the multidirectional resistance means 45. The multi-directional resistance means 45 provides the user 23 with the ability to strengthen their leg stride and mussels and duplicate actual athletic procedures. Furthermore, the multi-directional resistance means 45 provides either an isotonic or isokinetic resistance that is directly proportional to the intensity of effort applied by the user 23. The multi-directional resistance means 45 in apparatus 10 includes four flywheels each containing a magnetic brake, recoil and a one-way clutch. Alternately, the flywheels are substitutable with four hydraulic mechanisms each containing a recoil and a one-way clutch.

[00030] There are four connection means between the two legs of user 23 and the multi-directional resistance means 45. For example, the front right leg connection means 46a includes a right knee strap 30a, a right leg strap 31a, a first element 28a and a first rotatable structure 29a. Furthermore, the rear left leg connection means 50b includes a knee strap 30b, a leg strap 31b, a left leg second rotatable structure 48b, a left leg third segment 41b, a left leg fourth segment 42b and a left leg second element 49b. There also exists a rear right leg connection means 50a (FIG. 3) and a front left leg connection means 46b (FIG. 4).

[00031] A controlling means 15 provides the user 23 with the ability to independently control the force and direction of resistance from the multi-directional resistance means 45 and further independently control the speed and tilt of the treadmill 19. The controlling means 15 provides the user 23 with the ability to regulate the intensity of their workout, switch between isotonic and isokinetic resistance (constant force or maximum speed) and assist in the duplication of athletic procedures. The controlling means 15 panel is positioned on mounting structure 16.

[00032] The endless belt 19 is adaptable to a variety of applications including, but not limited to, a running treadmill and an ice skating treadmill. If apparatus 10 is a running treadmill, the endless 19 users a rubberized endless belt slightly less than the width of the treadmill platform 17, wherein the platform is about 2 to 3 feet in width. The rubberized polyester belt will contain parallel ridges, from side-to-side of the belt, all the way around the endless belt 19. The ridges will provide to the user 23 a non-slip surface so that they may safely exercise using apparatus 10. The belt tension on the endless belt 19 is adjustable on the treadmill platform 17 to provide a properly fitted belt to the treadmill. The endless belt 19 contains a motor/drive arrangement 47 mounted inside the treadmill platform 17. The motor drive arrangement is a typical arrangement as known by the practitioner in the art. However, the treadmill motor/drive 47 will provide an endless belt 19 speed from about zero to 28 mph. Alternately, the endless belt 19 further consists of the proper mechanical connections with the motor 47 to allow the endless belt 19 to be freewheeling, that is, the endless belt will move independent of the motor 47. Furthermore, a servo-motor adjusts the elevation of the endless belt 19 as is typically used in the art. The user 23 regulates the speed and elevation of the endless belt 19 from the panel of the controlling means 15. The adjustment of the endless belt 19 is accomplished by use of a potentiometer as is typical in the art. However, the endless belt 19 speed is also controllable by the use of a variable speed DC motor and hardware in other applications. This includes an AC to DC inverter so that the treadmill is conveniently plugged into any home 110 VAC outlet.

[00033] If apparatus 10 is an ice skating treadmill, the endless belt 19 users a ultra high molecular weight (UHMW) polyethylene endless surface belt that is slightly less than the width of the treadmill platform 17. The endless belt 19 width for an ice skating exercise machine is usually about eight feet wide, but the width varies depending on the ice skating application. The ice skating endless belt 19 is typically wider than the running endless belt 19 to accommodate the sideward motion of an ice skating stride. Alternately, the ice skating treadmill is substitutable for an ice skating cover 19c using a stationary platform 17c as illustrated in FIG. 8 instead of the endless belt. Typically, the stationary platform surface 17c uses a cover 19c comprised of UHMW polyethylene. However, any high density plastic with UHMW polyethylene characteristics is substitutable for UHMW polyethylene for use as the material of construction for the endless belt 19 or cover 19c. The endless belt 19 and cover 19c are covered with a flexible UHMW polyethylene. Furthermore, the cover 19c surface is used in combination with the polytetrafluoroethylene coated ice skates 80 (FIG. 9) to provide a coefficient of friction similar to that of natural ice. The endless belt 19 or cover 17c are operated in conjunction with the user 23 wearing ice skates 80 having boots 81 and blades 83 that are polytetrafluoroethylene coated 82 as shown in FIG. 9.

[00034] When apparatus 10 is an ice skating treadmill the treadmill motor/drive 47 provides a variable endless belt 19 speed from about zero to 28 mph. The variable speed is accomplished by a potentiometer as is known by the practitioner in the art. However, the potentiometer is substitutable for a variable DC motor and hardware. This includes an AC to DC inverter so that the treadmill is conveniently plugged into any home 110 VAC outlet. A servo-motor is used to adjust the elevation of the endless belt 19 to provide the user 23 with the simulation of skating uphill. The user 23 regulates the speed and elevation of the endless belt 19 from the panel of the controlling means 15. The controlling means 15 allows the endless belt 19 to work in a forward movement and a backward movement and includes an AC to DC inverter and the necessary electrical devices. A forward movement allows the user 23 to exercise their leg muscles and stride simulating forward skating while the backward movement allows the user 23 to exercise their leg muscles and stride simulating reverse skating. The forward movement and backward movement is accomplished by a switch or other means located at the panel of the controlling means 15 reversing motor polarity through the proper electronic circuitry. Alternately, the endless belt 19 further consists of the proper mechanical connections with the motor 47 to allow the endless belt 19 to be freewheeling, that is, the endless belt will move independent of the motor 47. The endless belt 19 speed is variable with the forward movement and the backward movement. Finally, the endless belt 19 incline adjustment is located at the controlling means 15.

[00035] The multi-directional resistance means 45 changes to and from isotonic resistance and isokinetic resistance (constant force or maximum speed) by using the controlling means 15. In the preferred embodiment of the invention the multi-directional resistance means 45 and endless belt 19 speed and tilt are independently controlled. The multi-directional resistance means 45 consists of a first flywheel 13 and a second flywheel 14 (FIG. 7A) mounted at the front 21 of frame 11. The multi-directional resistance means 45 further includes a third flywheel 12 (FIG. 7A) and a fourth flywheel 18 mounted at the rear 20 of frame 11. Each multi-directional resistance means 45 not only includes a flywheel but further includes a magnetic brake, recoil and a one way clutch. The user 23 will be strapped to the four flywheels with four connection means by four points at front of their legs and by four points at the rear of their legs. For example, resistance is generated on the user's 23 right leg from the first flywheel 13 by the user 23 pulling their right leg backward away from the first flywheel 13 using the front right leg connection means 46a. At the same time as the user's 23 right leg moves away from the first flywheel 13 their right leg moves toward the third flywheel 12 (FIG. 7A), wherein the recoil of the third flywheel 12 coils the rear right leg connection means 50a (FIG. 3). In the next move, as the user 23 pulls their right leg away from the third flywheel 12 the resistance from the third flywheel 12 is applied to the user's 23 right leg using the rear right leg connection means 50a (FIG. 3). At the same time as the user's 23 right leg moves away from the third flywheel 12 their right leg moves back toward the first flywheel 13, wherein the recoil of first flywheel 13 coils the front right leg connection means 46a. Furthermore, the user's 23 left leg has resistance generated from the second flywheel 14 and the fourth flywheel 18 similar to the resistance generated for the user's right leg.

[00036] The magnetic brake is an electric particle magnet but is substitutable for one that is a hybrid with hysterisis and eddy flow. The magnetorheological device combines a rotary brake with a flywheel thereby providing resistance and rotational inertia. A rotor rotates around a stationary member of the rotary brake and supports the generation of a magnetic field. The resistance to rotation is generated and controlled by applying a magnetic field to a pole and a medium disposed between the rotor and stationary member. The amount of resistance from the multi-directional resistance means 45 is varied by the controlling means 15 through the appropriate electrical circuits. As an alternative, the multi-directional resistance means 45a is comprised of two flywheels as shown in apparatus 10a in FIG. 2.

[00037] The first, second, third and fourth flywheels are each connected to user 23 by the various connection means. The first flywheel 13 is connected by a front right leg connection means 46a to the front of the right leg and knee of user 23. The second flywheel 14 is connected by a front left leg connection means 46b to the front of the left leg and knee of user 23 as shown in FIG. 4. The third flywheel 12 is connected by a rear left leg connection means 50b to the back of the left leg and knee of user 23. Also, the fourth flywheel 18 is connected by a rear right leg connection means 50a to the back of the right leg and knee of user 23 as shown in FIG. 3.

[00038] In the apparatus 10 of FIG. 1, the multi-directional resistance means 45 is adjustable providing increased or decreased resistance to the users' leg muscles. First, the force (lbs.) of resistance or torque is adjustable in small increments by a switch, typically by a push of a button, located in the panel of the control means 15. The force of resistance is controlled by a constant force of resistance with no relationship to the speed or incline of the endless belt 19. Alternately, the force of resistance is controlled by a constant speed setting of the endless belt 19 with the force of resistance automatically adjusting to maintain a top maximum speed. However, the maximum speed may be set independently from the endless belt. A gauge that is located in the panel of the control means 15 will be able to record the force of resistance which the user is operating when the machine is in any mode of resistance.

[00039] The frame 11 of apparatus 10 is typically constructed of heavy gauge anodized aluminum. Other materials include, but are not limited to mild steel, stainless steel, plastic, and the like. Inside the treadmill platform 17 is mounted the treadmill motor/drive 47 and the required electrical circuitry including an inverter and transformer to convert 110 volts AC to 110 volts DC and 12 volts DC to operate the control means 15. The motor is either AC or DC depending on the application. The potentiometer, or as an alternative the variable DC drive, is also located inside the treadmill platform 17.

[00040] The endless belt 19 is attached to the sides of the treadmill platform 17 by means of take up bearing assemblies. The take up bearings are used to tension the endless belt 19. In the ice skating treadmill a deck of infused wood on a shock absorbing base is mounted along the length and inside of the platform 17. This provides a flat smooth bed that supports the entire endless belt 19 surface. The deck of infused wood is required because the width of the ice skating treadmill is typically about eight feet. In the running treadmill the endless belt 19 is supported by a smooth platform positioned underneath the belt and this gives the endless belt 19 a flat smooth bed on which to run. Finally, the controlling means 15 is mounted to the frame 11 by a mounting structure 16.

[00041] The treadmill apparatus 10 has a stomach pad and/or bicycle handle bar type supports for the front bar 33 located at the front 21. Furthermore, the treadmill apparatus 10 has a stomach pad or handle bar type supports at each side for the first side bar 22 and the second side bar 32. The front bar 33, the first side bar 22 and the second side bar 32 are used by user 23 as support on crossover strides of each leg on both side of the treadmill apparatus 10 and for the forward stride of each leg. Also, closed circuit cameras are mountable on the sides and rear 20 with the monitors visible to the user 23 in the front 21 of the treadmill 10 so that the user 23 can perfect and adjust their stride. Alternately, mirrors are substitutable for closed circuit cameras or can be used in conjunction with the closed circuits cameras for the user 23 to perfect their stride. Finally, the user will have a harness secured to them mounted on a frame that is built over the top of apparatus 10. The harness will secure the user 23, for example, when speed training at 28 mph, wherein the harness is for stopping the user 23 from flying off the treadmill 19.

[00042] The controlling means 15 includes the electrical, safety and operational controls of apparatus 10, including, but not limited to, the necessary relays and resistors for the system operation. The controlling means 15 includes a panel that incorporates main power switches, an emergency stop switch, a digital speed indicator, a heart rate monitor, and the like. For example, the controlling means 15 houses the electrical circuit to control the endless belt 19 in the forward movement and the backward movement when the treadmill 10 is an ice skating treadmill. The electrical circuit is operated by a switch mounted on the controlling means 15 panel. Resistance control for each flywheel in the form of a rotary switch or similar means is individually mounted on the controlling means 15 panel. As an alternative, one rotary switch or similar means provides the resistance control for all the flywheels. Further features include right and left endless belt 19 fault indicator lamps to indicate when the endless belt over tracks to one side. A drive fault indicator lamp is included to signal a drive problem. Also, a belt start/stop switch is used to activate the endless belt 19 while a rotary switch is used to select the desired speed of the belt. As is known by the practitioner in the art the rotary switches are replaceable by a digital system. Finally, the controlling means 15 allows the user 23 to individually regulate the resistance means 45 and the endless belt 19 speed to change the effect of the users' workout.

[00043] FIG. 2 shows an exercise treadmill apparatus 10a with two flywheels in the preferred embodiment of the invention. A frame 11 supports all the components of the treadmill apparatus 10a. This includes the treadmill platform 17, the endless belt 19, a multi-directional resistance means 45 and a front bar 33. The front bar 33 is for the user 23 to hold onto while strengthening their stride. The multi-directional resistance means 45 consists of two flywheels each containing a magnetic brake, recoil and a one-way clutch. The user 23 has the ability to operate the endless belt 19 in conjunction with the multi-directional resistance means 45. Alternately, the multi-directional resistance means 45 is independently controllable from the endless belt 19 control. A controlling means 15 provides the user 23 with the ability to speedup or slow down the endless belt 19 and incline or decline the endless belt 19. The controlling means 15 provides the user 23 with the ability to regulate the intensity of their workout by adjusting the amount of resistance produced from the multi-directional resistance means 45.

[00044] The treadmill apparatus 10a is adaptable to a variety of applications including, but not limited to, a running treadmill and an ice skating treadmill. If apparatus 10a is a running treadmill, the endless belt 19 uses a rubberized endless belt slightly less than the width of the treadmill platform 17. The rubberized polyester belt will contain parallel ridges from side-to-side of the belt all the way around the endless belt 19. The ridges will provide to the user a non-slip surface so that they may safely exercise using apparatus 10a. Belt tension on the endless belt 19 is adjustable on the treadmill as is known by the practitioner in the art. The treadmill platform 17 contains a motor/drive arrangement 47 that is typical in the art and mounted inside the treadmill platform 17. However, the motor/drive 47 provides an endless belt 19 speed from about zero to 28 mph. The user 23 regulates the speed of the endless belt 19 from the controlling means 15. The controller for the endless belt 19 typically is accomplished by use of a potentiometer as is common in the art. The endless belt 19 speed is also controlled by the use of a variable speed DC motor and hardware in other applications. Furthermore, a servo-motor as is typically used in the art adjusts the elevation (incline) of the endless belt 19 track. The user 23 regulates the speed and incline of the endless belt 19 from the panel of the controlling means 15.

[00045] If apparatus 10a is an ice skating treadmill, the endless belt 19 uses a ultra high molecular weight (UHMW) polyethylene endless surface belt slightly less than the width of the treadmill platform 17. The width of the ice skating treadmill platform 17 is typically about eight feet, but this width is substitutable for any width that is desired. Alternately, the endless belt is substitutable for a stationary platform 19b and cover 17b as shown in FIG. 8. The cover 17b on the stationary platform consists of UHMW polyethylene material. However, any high density plastic with UHMW characteristics is substitutable for the UHMW polyethylene material used in the construction of the endless belt 19 on the treadmill platform 17 and the cover 17b on the stationary platform 19b. The endless belt 19 on the treadmill platform 17 is covered with a flexible UHMW polyethylene. Furthermore, the endless belt 19 surface is used in combination with the polytetrafluoroethylene coated ice skates 80 (FIG. 9) to provide a coefficient of friction similar to that of natural ice. The endless belt 19 is used in conjunction with the user 23 wearing ice skates 80 with boots 81 and blades 83 that are polytetrafluoroethylene coated.

[00046] The controlling means 15 allows the endless belt 19 when operated as an ice skating treadmill to work in a forward movement and a backward movement. The controlling means 15 further includes an inverter and the necessary electrical devices. The forward movement allows the user 23 to exercise their stride simulating forward skating while the backward movement allows the user 23 to exercise their stride simulating reverse skating. Also, the controlling means 15 allows the endless belt 19 to speedup or slowdown using an adjustable motor/drive 47 to vary the speed. The variable speed is accomplished by a potentiometer as is known by the practitioner in the art. However, the potentiometer is substitutable for a variable DC motor and hardware. The forward movement and backward movement is accomplished by a switch or similar means located at the controlling means 15 panel that reverses motor polarity through electrical circuitry in the controlling means 15. The endless belt 19 speed is variable with the forward movement and the backward movement. The endless belt 19 is also operable on an incline with the forward and the backward movement.

[00047] The multi-directional resistance means 45 through the controlling means 45 works in conjunction with the endless belt 19 or independent of the endless belt 19. In the preferred embodiment of the invention the multi-directional resistance means 45 is controlled independently from the control of the endless belt 19. The multi-directional resistance means 45 consists of a first flywheel 13 and a second flywheel 14 (FIG. 7B) mounted at the front 21 of frame 11. Each multi-directional resistance means 45 consists of a flywheel that further includes a magnetic brake, recoil and a one way clutch. For example, resistance is generated on the user's 23 right leg from the first flywheel 13 by the user 23 pulling their right leg backward away from the first flywheel 13 using the front right leg connection means 46a. At the same time as the user's 23 right leg moves away from the first flywheel 13 their right leg moves toward the top right rear pulley 34, wherein the recoil of the first flywheel 13 coils the rear right leg connection means 50a. In the next move, as the user 23 pulls their right leg away from the top right rear pulley 34 the resistance from the first flywheel 13 is applied to the user's 23 right leg using the rear right leg connection means 50a. At the same time as the user's 23 right leg moves away from the first flywheel 13 their right leg moves back toward the top right rear pulley 34, wherein the recoil of the first flywheel 13 coils the front right leg connection means 46a. Furthermore, the user's 23 left leg has resistance generated from the second flywheel 14 (FIG. 7B) and a top left rear pulley 34a (FIG. 7B) similar to the resistance that is generated for the user's right leg.

[00048] The magnetic brake is an electric particle magnet but is substitutable by one that is a hybrid with hysterisis and eddy flow. The magnetorheological device combines a rotary brake with a flywheel thereby providing resistance and rotational inertia. A rotor rotates around a stationary member of the rotary brake and supports the generation of a magnetic field. The resistance to rotation is generated and controlled by applying a magnetic field to a pole and a medium disposed between the rotor and stationary member. The amount of resistance from the resistance means 45 is varied by the controlling means 15 through the appropriate electrical circuits. As an alternative, the resistance means 45 is comprised of four flywheels as is apparatus 10 in FIG. 1.

[00049] The first flywheel 13 is connected to user 23 by the front right leg connection means 46a and a right third element 36 routed to the rear 20 and front 21. On the right side of the treadmill platform 17, the right third element 36 is guided by a right set of pulleys including the top right rear pulley 34, the bottom right rear pulley 35 and the bottom right front pulley 37. The front right leg connection means 46a includes connecting to the front of the right leg strap 31a and knee strap 30a, a right leg first element 28a and a right leg first rotatable structure 29a. The first flywheel 13 is also connected to the user 23 using the rear right leg connection means 50a at the rear of the right leg strap 31a and knee strap 30a. The rear right leg connection means 50a includes connection to the rear of the right leg strap 31a and the knee strap 30a, a right leg second element 49a and a right leg second rotatable structure 48a. The second flywheel 14 (FIG. 7B) is connected to the user 23a at the rear of the left leg by a rear left leg connection means 50b and at the front of the left leg by a front left leg connection means 46b as shown in FIG. 4. The rear left leg connection means 50b is connected to the second flywheel 14 and user 23 by a left knee strap 30b, a left leg strap 31b, a left leg second element 49b and a left leg rotatable structure 48b. The second flywheel 14 is connected to the left leg of user 23a by the left third element 36a (FIG. 7B) that is guided by a left side set of pulleys. The left set of pulleys are mounted in a similar fashion like the right side set of pulleys including the top left rear pulley 34a (FIG. 7B).

[00050] The frame 11 of apparatus 10a is typically constructed of heavy gauge anodized aluminum. Other materials include, but are not limited to, mild steel, stainless steel, plastic and the like. Inside the treadmill platform 17 is mounted the treadmill variable speed motor/drive 47 and the required electrical circuitry including a transformer and inverter to convert 110 volts AC to 110 volts DC and to 12 volts DC that operates the control means 15. The potentiometer, or as an alternative the variable DC drive, is also located inside the treadmill platform 17.

[00051] The endless belt 19 is attached to the sides of the platform 17 by means of take up bearing assemblies. The take up bearings are used to tension the endless belt of the treadmill 10a. In the ice skating treadmill a deck of infused wood on a shock absorbing base is mounted along the length and inside of the platform 17. This provides a flat smooth bed that supports the entire endless belt 19 surface. The deck of infused wood is required because the width of the ice skating treadmill is typically about eight feet. Finally, the controlling means 15 panel is mounted to the frame 11 by a mounting structure 16.

[00052] In the apparatus 10a of FIG. 2, the multi-directional resistance means 45 is adjustable providing increased or decreased resistance to the users' leg muscles. First, the force (lbs.) of resistance or torque is adjustable in small increments by a switch, typically by a push of a button, located in the panel of the control means 15. The force of resistance is controlled by a constant force of resistance with no relationship to the speed or incline of the endless belt 19. Alternately, the force of resistance is controlled by a constant speed setting of the endless belt 19 with the force of resistance automatically adjusting to maintain a top maximum speed. However, the maximum speed may be set independently from the endless belt. A gauge that is located in the panel of the control means 15 will be able to record the force of resistance which the user is operating when the machine is in any mode of resistance.

[00053] The controlling means 15 includes the electrical, safety and operational controls of apparatus 10a, including, but not limited to, the necessary relays and resistors for system operation. The controlling means 15 includes a panel that incorporates main power switches, an emergency stop switch, a digital speed indicator, a heart rate monitor and the like. For example, the controlling means 15 houses the inverter to convert from AC to DC and the electronic circuitry to control the endless belt 19 in the forward movement and the backward movement when the treadmill 10a is an ice skating treadmill. The forward and backward movement is operated by a switch mounted on the controlling means 15 panel. Resistance control in the form of a rotary switch or similar means, for each flywheel, are individually mounted on the controlling means 15 panel. As an alternative, one rotary switch or similar means provides the resistance control for all the flywheels. Further features include right and left endless belt 19 fault indicator lamps to indicate when the endless belt over tracks to one side. A drive fault indicator lamp is included to signal a drive problem. Also, a belt start/stop switch is used to activate the running belt while a rotary switch is used to select the desired speed of the belt. As is known by the practitioner in the art the rotary switches are replaceable by a digital system. Finally, the controlling means 15 allows the user 23 to regulate the resistance means 45 and the endless belt 19 speed to change the effect of the users' workout including raising and lowering the incline of the endless belt.

[00054] FIG. 3 shows a detailed view of the user's 23 right leg with the front right leg connection means 46a and the rear right leg connection means 50a in the preferred embodiment of the invention. The right leg of user 23 by means of the right knee strap 30a and the right leg strap 31a is connected to the first and the third flywheels or the first flywheel and the top right rear pulley. Alternately, the flywheel arrangement is substitutable for a hydraulic mechanism and would use the same right knee and leg strap. The front right leg connection means 46a consists of a right leg first element 28a that is connected by a right leg first rotatable structure 29a, which in turn connects to a right leg first segment 40a and a right leg second segment 39a. The right leg second segment 39a is connected to the right leg strap 31a in the front and the right leg first segment 40a is connected to the right knee strap 30a in the front. The right leg first element 28a is connected to a flywheel or hydraulic mechanism. The rear right leg connection means 50a consists of a right leg second element 49a connected to a flywheel or hydraulic mechanism and a right leg second rotatable structure 48a, which in turn connects to a right leg third segment 41a and a right leg fourth segment 42a. The third segment 41a is connected to the right knee strap 30a in the back and the fourth segment 42a is connected to the right leg strap 31a in the back. The left leg of user 23 is connected in a similar fashion like the right leg with a front left leg connection means 46b and a rear left leg connection means 50b (FIG. 4). The elements and segments are comprised of different items of construction including, but not limited to, rope, wire rope, wire, cable and stranded cable.

[00055] A detailed view of the user's 23 left leg with the front left leg connection means 46b and the rear left leg connection means 50b is shown in FIG. 4. The left leg of user 23 is connected to the second and fourth flywheel or to the second flywheel and top left rear pulley arrangement. Alternately, the flywheel arrangement is substitutable for a hydraulic mechanism arrangement (FIG. 6) that would use the same left knee and leg strap as the flywheel arrangement. The front left leg connection means 46b consists of a first element 28b that is connected by a first rotatable structure 29b, which in turn connects to a first segment 40b and a second segment 39b. The second segment 39b is connected to the right leg strap 31b at the front and the first segment 40b is connected to the left knee strap 30b at the front. The first element 28b is connected to either a flywheel or hydraulic mechanism. The rear left leg connection means 50b consists of a second element 49b connected to either a flywheel or hydraulic mechanism and a second rotatable structure 48b, which in turn connects to a third segment 41b and a fourth segment 42b. The third segment 41b is connected to the left knee strap 30b at the back and the fourth segment 42b is connected to the left leg strap 31b at the back. The right leg of user 23 is connected in a similar fashion like the left leg with a front right leg connection means 46a and a rear right leg connection means 50a (FIG. 3). The elements and segments are comprised of different items of construction including, but not limited to, rope, wire rope, wire, cable and stranded cable.

[00056] FIG. 5 illustrates treadmill apparatus 10b in the preferred embodiment of the invention. The apparatus 10b includes a multi-directional resistance means 45 that consists of two hydraulic mechanisms using fluid in a hydraulic circuit with a reservoir 55 and an adjustable orifice control valve 13e (FIG. 6A) to create and adjust the amount of the resistance. The hydraulic reservoir 55 is mounted toward the rear 20 of apparatus 10b. The switch for the adjustable orifice control valve 13e is located in the panel of the controlling means 15 mounted on the mounting structure 16. The first hydraulic mechanism 13a is mounted on frame 11a at the front 21. The second hydraulic mechanism 14a (FIG. 7C) is mounted on frame 11a at the front 21. As an option the first hydraulic mechanism 13a and the second hydraulic mechanism 14a may be mounted at the rear 20 of frame 11. In an event, the height of these two hydraulic mechanisms will be adjustable as will their rotation position relative to the user 23. Alternately, four hydraulic mechanisms 13a, 14a, 12a and 18a are used as the multi-directional resistance means 45 as shown in FIG. 7C. The hydraulic mechanisms are positioned on the frame 11, similarly as to the location of the flywheel arrangements, and include a one-way clutch and recoil mechanism. For example, a four hydraulic mechanism treadmill will have two hydraulic mechanisms, 13a and 14a, mounted on the front 21 of the treadmill apparatus 10b. The other two hydraulic mechanisms, 12a and 18a, are mounted at the rear 20 of treadmill apparatus 10b. The hydraulic circuitry and reservoir 55 will be located inside the treadmill platform 17a. All hydraulic mechanisms will be connected to the same hydraulic reservoir 55. Finally, the multi-directional resistance means 45 will provide one-way resistance and then recoil back with the opposite resistance on the other half of the users' 23 stride. This will strengthen their leg muscles and duplicate athletic procedures as the user 23 holds the front bar 33 of the treadmill apparatus 10b.

[00057] The apparatus 10b contains an endless belt 19 that has a variable speed from about zero to 28 mph. The endless belt 19 is adjustable in height allowing the endless belt to incline relative to the treadmill platform 17a. This provides the user 23 with the simulation of the resistance of exercising up a hill. The treadmill 10b contains a motor/drive 47 arrangement mounted inside the treadmill platform 17a as is typical in the art. Furthermore, a servo-motor is used to adjust the elevation of the endless belt 19. The user 23 regulates the speed and elevation of the endless belt 19 from the controlling means 15 panel. The speed control for the treadmill apparatus 10b typically is accomplished by use of a potentiometer as is known by the practitioner in the art. However, the treadmill 10b speed is also controllable by the use of a variable speed DC motor and hardware in other applications. This includes an AC to DC inverter so that the treadmill is conveniently plugged into any home 110 VAC outlet.

[00058] The first hydraulic mechanism 13a is connected to the front right leg by the front right leg connection means 46a, the rear right leg by the rear right leg connection means 50a and mounted to the frame 11a by a first base 25. Similarly, the second hydraulic mechanism 14a is connected to the left leg by the front left leg connection means 46b, the rear left by the left leg connection means 50b and mounted to the frame 11a by a second base 25a (FIG. 7C). This allows the user 23 to increase the strength of their lower extremities and stride when using the treadmill apparatus 10b.

[00059] The multi-directional resistance means 45 works in conjunction with the endless belt 19 or independent of the endless belt 19 through the controlling means 15. In the preferred embodiment of the invention the multi-directional resistance means 45 is independently operated from the operation of the endless belt 19. The multi-directional resistance means 45 consists of a first hydraulic mechanism 13a and a second hydraulic mechanism 14a (FIG. 7C) mounted at the front 21 of frame 11. In another embodiment the first and second hydraulic mechanism can be mounted in the rear 20 of frame 11. Each multi-directional resistance means 45 consists of a hydraulic mechanism, a spool with a recoil spring and a one-way clutch. For example, resistance is generated on the user's 23 right leg from the first hydraulic mechanism 13a by the user 23 pulling their right leg backward away from the first hydraulic mechanism 13a using the front right leg connection means 46a. At the same time as the user's 23 right leg moves away from the first hydraulic mechanism 13a their right leg moves toward the top right rear pulley 34, wherein the recoil of the first hydraulic mechanism 13a coils the rear right leg connection means 50a. In the next move, as the user 23 pulls their right leg away from the top right rear pulley 34 the resistance from the first hydraulic mechanism 13a is applied to the user's 23 right leg using the rear right leg connection means 50a. At the same time as the user's 23 right leg moves away from the first hydraulic mechanism 13a their right leg moves back toward the top right rear pulley 34, wherein the recoil of first hydraulic mechanism 13 coils the front right leg connection means 46a. Furthermore, the user's 23 left leg has resistance generated from the second hydraulic mechanism 14a (FIG. 7C) and a top left rear pulley 34a (FIG. 7C) similar to the resistance generated for the user's right leg. As another alternative, the resistance means 45 is comprised of four hydraulic mechanisms as is apparatus 10c (FIG. 7C).

[00060] The first hydraulic mechanism 13a, as shown in FIG. 5A, is connected to user 23 by the front right leg connection means 46a, a rear right leg connection means 50a and a right third element 36 routed to the rear 20 and front 21. The first hydraulic mechanism 13a provides directed resistance through the first sprocket 24 in communication with the front right leg connection means 46a and the right third element 36. The right third element 36 is guided by a right set of pulleys including the top right rear pulley 34, the bottom right rear pulley 35, the bottom right front pulley 37 and the top right front pulley 38 on the right side of the treadmill apparatus 10b. The second hydraulic mechanism 14a, as shown in FIG. 5B, is connected to the user 23 to the rear of the left leg by a rear left leg connection means 50b and to the front of the left leg by a front left leg connection means 46b. The second hydraulic mechanism 14a provides directed resistance through the second sprocket 24a in communication with the front left leg connection means 46b and the left third element 36a. The second hydraulic mechanism 14a is connected to the left leg of user 23 by the left third element 36a guided by a left side set of pulleys. This includes the top left rear pulley 34a, the bottom left rear pulley 35a, the bottom left front pulley 38 and the top left front pulley 38a on the left side of the treadmill apparatus 10b.

[00061] The frame 11a of apparatus 10b is typically constructed of heavy gauge anodized aluminum. Other materials include, but are not limited to, mild steel, stainless steel, plastic and the like. Inside the treadmill platform 17a is mounted the variable speed motor/drive 47 and the required electrical circuitry including a transformer and inverter to convert 110 volts AC to 110 volts DC and 12 volts DC to operate the control means 15. The potentiometer, or as an alternative the variable DC drive, is also located inside the treadmill platform 17a. The endless belt 19 is attached to the sides of the platform 17a by means of take up bearing assemblies. The take up bearings are used to tension the endless belt of the treadmill 10b. In the ice skating treadmill there are three to five rows of support rollers that are mounted along the length and inside of the platform 17a to provide support for the entire endless belt 19 surface. They are staggered to give the endless belt a flat smooth bed on which to run. This is because the endless belt 19 in an ice skating treadmill is typically about eight feet in width. In the running treadmill the endless belt 19 is supported by a smooth platform positioned underneath the belt and this gives the endless belt a flat smooth bed on which to run. Finally, the controlling means 15 panel is mounted to the frame 11a by a mounting structure 16.

[00062] In the apparatus 10b of FIG. 5, the multi-directional resistance means 45 is adjustable providing increased or decreased resistance to the users' leg muscles. First, the force (lbs.) of resistance or torque is adjustable in small increments by a switch, typically by a push of a button, located in the panel of the control means 15. The force of resistance is controlled by a constant force of resistance with no relationship to the speed or incline of the endless belt 19. Alternately, the force of resistance is controlled by a constant speed setting of the endless 19 with the force of resistance automatically adjusting to maintain an optimum speed. A gauge positioned in the panel of the control means 15 will be able to record the force of resistance which the user is operating when the machine is in any speed mode of resistance.

[00063] The controlling means 15 includes the electrical, safety and operational controls of the treadmill apparatus 10b, including, but not limited to, the necessary relays and resistors for system operation. The controlling means 15 includes a panel that incorporates main power switches, an emergency stop switch, a digital speed indicator, a heart rate monitor and the like. For example, the controlling means 15 houses the inverter to convert from AC to DC and the electronic circuitry to control the endless belt 19 in the forward movement and the backward movement when the treadmill 10b is an ice skating treadmill. The forward and backward movement is operated by a switch mounted on the controlling means 15 panel. Resistance control in the form of a rotary switch or similar means, for each flywheel, are individually mounted on the controlling means 15 panel. As an alternative, one rotary switch or similar means provides the resistance control for all the flywheels. Further features include right and left endless belt 19 fault indicator lamps to indicate when the endless belt over tracks to one side. A drive fault indicator lamp is included to signal a drive problem. Also, a belt start/stop switch is used to activate the running belt while a rotary switch is used to select the desired speed of the belt. As is known by the practitioner in the art the rotary switches are replaceable by a digital system. Finally, in the controlling means 15 the force of resistance is controlled by a constant force of resistance with no relationship to the speed or incline of the endless belt 19. Alternately, the force of resistance is controlled by a constant speed setting of the endless belt 19 with the force of resistance automatically adjusting to maintain a top maximum speed. However, the maximum speed may be set independently from the endless belt. A gauge that is located in the panel of the control means 15 will be able to record the force of resistance which the user is operating when the machine is in any mode of resistance.

[heading-00064] the user 23 to regulate the resistance means 45 and the endless belt 19 speed to change the effect of the users' workout including raising and lowering the incline of the endless belt.

[00065] FIGS. 6A, 6B, 6C and 6D illustrate the multi-directional resistance means 45 with the various hydraulic mechanisms in the preferred embodiment of the invention.

[00066] FIG. 6A shows that the first hydraulic mechanism 13a is in communication with the first shaft 13b. The first shaft 13b is in communication with the first recoil spool 13c, the first one-way clutch 13d and the first pillow block bearing 13f. A first adjustable orifice control 13e, that is integral with the first hydraulic mechanism 13a, increases or decreases the flow to and from the reservoir 55 by increasing or decreasing the opening of the orifice. Increasing or decreasing the opening of the orifice, by adjusting the adjustable orifice 13e, will accordingly increase or decrease the amount of resistance obtained from the first hydraulic mechanism 13a. The first hydraulic mechanism 13a provides resistance when the front right leg connection means 46a is being pulled out of the first recoil spool 13c and is freewheeling (no resistance) when the first recoil spool 13c coils the front right leg connection means 46a. The recoil is accomplished by a spring that is part of the first recoil spool 13c and the first one-way clutch 13d. Alternately, the first one way clutch 13d is substitutable for a one-way bearing. When the front right leg connection means 46a is pulled out of the first recoil spool 13c the first one-way clutch 13d engages the first shaft 13b which communicates with the first hydraulic mechanism 13a. As the first shaft 13b turns, it moves hydraulic fluid through the first adjustable orifice (hole) control 13e that is integrally a part of the first hydraulic mechanism 13a creating the resistance. The resistance is increased or decreased by adjusting the first adjustable orifice control 13e. At the same time, the front right leg connection means 46a is being pulled out from (away from) the first recoil spool 13c and turning the first shaft 13b, the spring in the first recoil spool 13c is winding tighter. When the right leg moves into (toward) the first recoil spool 13c, the spring in the first recoil spool 13c retrieves the front right leg connection means 46a. There is no resistance when the front right leg connection means 46a is retrieved because the first one-way clutch 13d disengages the first shaft 13b from the first hydraulic mechanism 13d, wherein the first hydraulic mechanism does not turn.

[00067] FIG. 6B shows that the second hydraulic mechanism 14a is in communication with the second shaft 14b. The second shaft 14b is in communication with the second recoil spool 14c, the second one-way clutch 14d and the second pillow block bearing 14f. A second adjustable orifice control 14e that is integral with the second hydraulic mechanism 14a increases or decreases the flow to and from the reservoir 55 by increasing or decreasing the opening of the orifice. Increasing or decreasing the opening of the orifice, by adjusting the first adjustable orifice, will accordingly increase or decrease the amount of resistance obtained from the second hydraulic mechanism 14a. The second hydraulic mechanism 14a provides resistance when the front left leg connection means 46b is being pulled out of the second recoil spool 14c and is freewheeling (no resistance) when the second recoil spool 14c coils the front left leg connection means 46b. The recoil is accomplished by a spring that is part of the second recoil spool 14c and the second one-way clutch 14d. Alternately, the second one way clutch 14d is substitutable for a one-way bearing. When the front left leg connection means 46b is pulled out of the second recoil spool 14c the second one-way clutch 14d engages the second shaft 14b which communicates with the second hydraulic mechanism 14a. As the second shaft 14b turns, it moves hydraulic fluid through the second adjustable orifice (hole) control 14e that is integrally a part of the second hydraulic mechanism 14a creating the resistance. The resistance is increased or decreased by adjusting the second adjustable orifice control 14e. At the same time, as the front left leg connection means 46b is being pulled out from (away from) the second recoil spool 14c and turning the second shaft 14b the spring in the second recoil spool 14c is winding tighter. When the left leg moves into (toward) the second recoil spool 14c the spring in the second recoil spool 14c retrieves the front left leg connection means 46b. There is no resistance when the front left leg connection means 46b is retrieved because the second one-way clutch 14d disengages the second shaft 14b from the second hydraulic mechanism 14d, wherein the second hydraulic mechanism does not turn.

[00068] FIG. 6C shows that the third hydraulic mechanism 12a is in communication with the third shaft 12b. The third shaft 12b is in communication with the third recoil spool 12c, the third one-way clutch 12d and the third pillow block bearing 12f. A third adjustable orifice control 12e, that is integral to the third hydraulic mechanism 12a, increases or decreases the flow to and from the reservoir 55 by increasing or decreasing the opening of the orifice. Increasing or decreasing the opening of the orifice, by adjusting the third adjustable orifice 12e, will accordingly increase or decrease the amount of resistance obtained from the third hydraulic mechanism 12a. The third hydraulic mechanism 12a provides resistance when the rear right leg connection means 50a is being pulled out of the third recoil spool 12c and is freewheeling (no resistance) when the third recoil spool 12c coils the rear right leg connection means 50a. The recoil is accomplished by a spring that is part of the third recoil spool 12c and the third one-way clutch 12d: Alternately, the third one way clutch 12d is substitutable for a one-way bearing. When the rear right leg connection means 50a is pulled out of the third recoil spool 12c the third one-way clutch 12d engages the third shaft 12b, which communicates with the third hydraulic mechanism 12a. As the third shaft 12b turns it moves hydraulic fluid through the third adjustable orifice (hole) control 12e that is integrally a part of the third hydraulic mechanism 12a creating the resistance. The resistance is increased or decreased by adjusting the third adjustable orifice control 12e. At the same time, as the rear right leg connection means 50a is being pulled out from (away from) the third recoil spool 12c and turning the third shaft 12b the spring in the third recoil spool 12c is winding tighter. When the right leg moves into (toward) the third recoil spool 12c the spring in the third recoil spool 12c retrieves the rear right leg connection means 50a. There is no resistance when the rear right leg connection means 50a is retrieved because the third one-way clutch 12d disengages the third shaft 12b from the third hydraulic mechanism 12d, wherein the third hydraulic mechanism does not turn.

[00069] FIG. 6D shows that the fourth hydraulic mechanism 18a is in communication with the fourth shaft 18b. The fourth shaft 18b is in communication with the fourth recoil spool 18c, the fourth one-way clutch 18d and the fourth pillow block bearing 18f. A fourth adjustable orifice control 18e, that is integral to the fourth hydraulic mechanism 18a, increases or decreases the flow to and from the reservoir 55 by increasing or decreasing the opening of the orifice. Increasing or decreasing the opening of the orifice, by adjusting the fourth adjustable orifice 14e, will accordingly increase or decrease the amount of resistance obtained from the fourth hydraulic mechanism 18a. The fourth hydraulic mechanism 18a provides resistance when the rear left leg connection means 50b is being pulled out of the fourth recoil spool 18c and is freewheeling (no resistance) when the fourth recoil spool 18c coils the rear left leg connection means 50b. The recoil is accomplished by a spring that is part of the fourth recoil spool 18c and the fourth one-way clutch 18d. Alternately, the fourth one way clutch 18d is substitutable for a one-way bearing. When the rear left leg connection means 50b is pulled out of the fourth recoil spool 18c the fourth one-way clutch 18d engages the fourth shaft 18b which communicates with the fourth hydraulic mechanism 18a. As the fourth shaft 18b turns, it moves hydraulic fluid through the fourth adjustable orifice (hole) control 18e that is integrally a part of the fourth hydraulic mechanism 18a creating the resistance. The resistance is increased or decreased by adjusting the fourth adjustable orifice control 18e. At the same time, as the rear left leg connection means 50b is being pulled out from (away from) the fourth recoil spool 18c and turning the fourth shaft 18b the spring in the fourth recoil spool 18c is winding tighter. When the left leg moves into (toward) the fourth recoil spool 18c the spring in the fourth recoil spool 18c retrieves the rear left leg connection means 50b. There is no resistance when the rear left leg connection means 50b is retrieved because the fourth one-way clutch 18d disengages the fourth shaft 18b from the fourth hydraulic mechanism 18d, wherein the fourth hydraulic mechanism does not turn.

[00070] The amount and kind of resistance produced from the first, second, third and fourth hydraulic mechanisms will be the result of the controlling means 15 adjusting and regulating the adjustable orifice control for each hydraulic mechanism. The controlling means 15 will allow the treadmill apparatus 10c (FIG. 7C) to remotely control the hydraulic mechanisms switching them between isokinetic resistance and isotonic resistance (constant force or maximum speed). As is known by the practitioner in the art, the appropriate electronic circuitry will be located in the panel of the controlling means 15 to adjust and regulate the various adjustable orifice controls in each hydraulic mechanism.

[00071] FIG. 7A shows the top view of treadmill apparatus 10 in the preferred embodiment of the invention using a four flywheel arrangement. The multi-directional resistance means 45 consists of the first flywheel 13 and the second flywheel 14 arrangement that is mounted at the front 21 of the treadmill platform 17 of the apparatus 10. The controlling means 15 panel is mounted at the front 21 of the apparatus 10. A user will operate the apparatus 10 engaging and adjusting the speed of the endless belt 19 from the controlling means 15 panel. There is a mechanism to disengage the endless belt 19 from its motor/drive arrangement 47 to allow the endless belt to move freely without the resistance caused by the motor/drive arrangement. The user will hold onto the front bar 33 and duplicate athletic procedures with the left side bar 32 and the right side bar 22. As a safety feature, the user can be strapped into a harness secured to a harness frame connected to the treadmill platform 17 when the speed of the endless belt 19 is fast. The multi-directional resistance means 45 further consists of a third flywheel 12 and the fourth flywheel 18 arrangement that is mounted at the rear 20 of the treadmill platform 17 of the apparatus 10. The front right leg connection means 46a communicates with the first flywheel 13 and the front left leg connection means 46b communicates with the second flywheel 14. Finally, the rear right leg connection means 50a communicates with the third flywheel 12 and the rear left leg connection means 50b communicates with the fourth flywheel 18.

[00072] FIG. 7B shows the top view of treadmill apparatus 10a in the preferred embodiment of the invention using a two flywheel arrangement. The multi-directional resistance means 45a consists of the first flywheel 13 and the right flywheel 14 arrangement that is mounted at the front 21 of the treadmill platform 17 of the apparatus 10a. Alternately, the first and second flywheel can be mounted in the rear 20 of the treadmill apparatus 10a The controlling means 15 panel is mounted at the front 21 of the apparatus 10a. A user will operate the apparatus 10a engaging and adjusting the speed of the endless belt 19 from this panel. There is a mechanism to disengage the endless belt 19 from its motor/drive arrangement 47 to allow the endless belt to move freely without the resistance caused by the motor/drive arrangement. The user will hold onto the front bar 33 and duplicate athletic procedures with the left side bar 32 and the right side bar 22. As a safety feature, the user can be strapped into a harness secured to a harness frame connected to the treadmill platform 17 when the speed of the endless belt 19 is fast. The user is connected to the right flywheel 13a arrangement by the front right leg connection means 46a, the rear right leg connection means 50a and a right third element 36. The right third element 36 is guided by a set of right pulleys including the top right rear pulley 34, the bottom right rear pulley 35 and the bottom right front pulley 37. Similarly, the user is connected to the left flywheel 14a arrangement by the front left leg connection means 46b, the rear left leg connection means 50b and a left third element 36a. The left third elements 36a is guided by a set of left pulleys including the top left rear pulley 34a, the bottom left front pulley 37a and the bottom left rear pulley 35a.

[00073] FIG. 7C shows the top view of the treadmill apparatus 10c in the preferred embodiment of the invention using a four hydraulic mechanism arrangement. The multi-directional resistance means 45 consists of the first hydraulic mechanism 13a and the second hydraulic mechanism 14a arrangement that are mounted at the front 21 of the treadmill platform 17a of the apparatus 10c. The third hydraulic mechanism 12a and the fourth hydraulic mechanism 18a arrangement are mounted at the rear 20 of the treadmill platform 17a of the apparatus 10c. The hydraulic reservoir 55 is mounted in the treadmill platform 17a toward the rear 20. The controlling means 15 panel is mounted at the front 21 of the apparatus 10c. A user will operate the apparatus 10c engaging and adjusting the speed of the endless belt 19 from this panel. There is a mechanism to disengage the endless belt 19 from its motor/drive arrangement 47 to allow the endless belt to move freely without the resistance caused by the motor/drive arrangement. The user will hold onto the front bar 33 and duplicate athletic procedures with the left side bar 32a and the right side bar 22a. As a safety feature, the user can be strapped into a harness secured to a harness frame connected to the treadmill platform 17a when the speed of the endless belt 19 is fast. The front right leg connection means 46a communicates with the first hydraulic mechanism 13a and the front left leg connection means 46b communicates with the second hydraulic mechanism 14a. Finally, the rear right leg connection means 50a communicates with the third hydraulic mechanism 12a and the rear left leg connection means 50b communicates with the fourth hydraulic mechanism 18a.

[00074] FIG. 8 shows the top view of the stationary apparatus 10d which is the stationary platform 17b arrangement of the preferred embodiment of the invention. This stationary apparatus 10d is used to simulate ice skating procedures. The multi-directional resistance means 45 consists of the first hydraulic mechanism 13a and the second hydraulic mechanism 14a arrangement that are mounted at the front 21 of the stationary platform 17b of the stationary apparatus 10d. The controlling means 15 panel is mounted at the front 21 of the apparatus 10d. The user will hold onto the front bar 33 and duplicate athletic procedures with the left side bar 32b and the right side bar 22b. The third hydraulic mechanism 12a and the fourth hydraulic mechanism 18a arrangement are mounted at the rear 20 of the stationary platform 17b of the apparatus 10d. The hydraulic reservoir 55 is mounted in the stationary platform 17b toward the rear 20.

[00075] The stationary platform 17b is typically about eight feet wide so that a user has the ability to duplicate actual ice skating procedures. To accomplish this, the cover 19a is positioned on top of the stationary platform 17b and typically is constructed of UHMW polyethylene material. However, other material is substitutable for the UHMW polyethylene, including but not limited to, any high density plastic material that is flexibly strong and in combination with the ice skates 80 provides a coefficient of friction similar to that of ice. Alternately, the eight feet of width of the stationary platform 17b and cover 19a is substitutable for smaller or larger size that will allow an athlete to duplicate the desired ice skating procedures. In any event, the apparatus 10d is used with ice skates 80 as shown in FIG. 9. The ice skates 80 include the boots 81 and the polytetrafluoroethylene 83 covering of the blades 82. The use of the ice skates 80 along with the cover 19a provides a low coefficient of friction that allows the user of apparatus 10d to duplicate ice skating procedures.

[00076] While there has been illustrated and described what is at present considered to be the preferred embodiment of the invention, it should be appreciated that numerous changes and modifications are likely to occur to those skilled in the art. It is intended in the appended claims to cover all those changes and modifications that fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention.