System and method for routing special number calls in a telecommunication network

[0002] This is a continuation-in-part of application U.S. Ser. No. 09/499,773, filed Feb. 8, 2000 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,415,018.

[0003] The present invention is directed to telecommunication systems, and especially to telecommunication systems having geographic sensitivity for automatic call connection with receiving stations. The present invention is especially well configured for telecommunication systems dealing with special number telecommunication systems, such as abbreviated number emergency services notification and dispatch operation telecommunication systems. Such emergency services notification and dispatch systems are commonly known as 9-1-1 systems in the United States.

[0004] The present invention includes a system and method for enabling any abbreviated number (or other special number) geographically based routing in a manner that is cost effectively applicable to hybrid private/public telecommunication networks such as are found in today's market. Thus, the present invention is advantageous for use by a public telephone service provider (such as an incumbent local exchange company—ILEC), a competitive local exchange carrier (CLEC), an Internet service provider (ISP), a wireless service provider (WSP), a large enterprise customer using a private exchange such as a private branch exchange (PBX), a wireless traffic aggregator/reseller switching between various backbone providers, a satellite telephone service provider or any other telephone service provider that may have users, or customers, employing their service to access a special number service seeking assistance from a geographically proximate locus.

[0005] Telecommunication systems sensitive to geographic aspects have been proposed. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,757,267 to Riskin for “Telephone System for Connecting a Customer With a Supplier”, issued Jul. 12, 1988, a system is disclosed which contemplates using geographic information gleaned from a caller's telephone number for use with a V-H (vertical-horizontal) data base for ascertaining which site to connect with the caller to ensure geographic proximity between the dealer at the selected site and the caller. The Riskin system depended upon entry of the telephone number information using DTMF (Dual Tone Multi-Frequency) signaling. If a customer entered his phone number using a dial phone, Riskin provided for connecting the caller with a human operator so that the human operator could enter the telephone number information using a DTMF entry device. The V-H data base disclosed by Riskin for use with his system was a complex transformation of latitude and longitude which was used by long distance telephone companies to compute the distance between a caller and a called party in order to assess the charge for a long distance call. Riskin used the V-H coordinate system to refer a caller to a dealer that was determined to be geographically closest to the caller. Riskin also disclosed using the DTMF phone number information to connect a caller with a dealer on a territorial basis to effect “gift routing”. According to Riskin's disclosure, a dealer may be connected with a caller based upon the dealer's proximity to an intended gift recipient who was identified by DTMF phone number information relating to the intended recipient.

[0006] Riskin's invention provides only a coarse location based upon the caller's telephone number in the format: “NPA-NNX”. In that format, “NPA” refers to “Number Plan Area”, commonly known as Area Code. “NNX”, the next finer number indicator within an Area Code, refers to a Central Office of the phone service provider. As a result, Riskin's invention provides location only to the detail of an area served by a respective Central Office of a service provider. Such an area can often be a very large geographic expanse. Locating a dense population of service locations regarding proximity to a caller is problematic when the location indicator is coarsely defined, as is the case with Riskin's system.

[0007] Emergency services notification and dispatch operations, commonly known in the United States as 9-1-1 Service, has its genesis in a 1957 recommendation by the National Association of Fire Chiefs for a single number for reporting fires. In 1967, the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice recommended that a single number should be established nationwide for reporting emergency situations. The use of different telephone numbers for different types of emergencies was considered to be contrary to the purpose of using a single, universal emergency notification number. Other federal agencies and several government officials supported and encouraged the recommendation. The President's Commission on Civil Disorders charged the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with finding a solution. In November 1967, the FCC met with the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) to establish a universal number that could be implemented quickly. In 1968, AT&T announced the establishment of the number 9-1-1 as the emergency notification number nationwide. The 9-1-1 code was chosen because it was considered to be brief, easily remembered, and could be dialed quickly. It was also a unique number that had never been employed as an office code, area code or service code, and it met long range numbering plans and switching configurations of the telecommunication industry. The 9-1-1 number met the requirements of all parties, in government and in private industry.

[0008] Congress supported the AT&T plan and passed legislation allowing use of only the numbers 9-1-1 when creating an emergency calling service. The 9-1-1 number was thus established as a nationwide standard emergency number. The first 9-1-1 call in the United States was completed by Senator Rankin Fite in Haleyville, Ala., using the Alabama Telephone Company. Nome, Alaska Implemented 9-1-1 service in February 1968.

[0009] In 1973, The White House Office of Telecommunication issued a policy statement recognizing the benefits of 9-1-1, encouraging the nationwide adoption of 9-1-1, and establishing a Federal Information Center to assist governmental units in planning and implementing 9-1-1 service.

[0010] A basic 9-1-1 System provides for programming with special 9-1-1 software a telephone company end office (also known as a “central office” or a “Class 5 office”) to route all 9-1-1 calls to a single destination. The single destination was termed a Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP). In such an arrangement, all telephones served by the central office would have their 9-1-1 calls completed to the PSAP. However, the areas served by respective telephone company central offices do not line up with the political jurisdictions that determine the boundaries for which PSAP may be responsible. That is, a municipal fire department or police department may geographically include an area outside the area served by the central office, a condition known as underlap. Likewise, the municipal fire or police department may encompass an area of responsibility that is less expansive than the area served by the central office, a situation known as overlap. Further, the original basic 9-1-1 systems did not provide any identification of the caller; the PSAP human operator had to obtain such information verbally over the line after the call was connected. The major shortcoming of the basic 9-1-1 systems was that they could not support interconnection to other telecommunication providers such as independent telephone service companies, alternate local exchange carriers (ALECs), or wireless carriers. The “basic” nature of the basic 9-1-1 system also indicates that the system does not have Automatic Location Identification (ALI) capability or Automatic Number Identification (ANI) capability with a call back capability.

[0011] Similar abbreviated number systems are in place for handling emergency service calls in countries other than the United States. The abbreviated number system established in Canada is the foreign system most similar to the system established in the United States. There are other abbreviated number calling systems in place in the United States and abroad for such purposes as handling municipal information and services calls (3-1-1) and for other purposes. All of these special, or abbreviated number call systems that have geographic-based content suffer from similar shortcomings in their abilities to automatically place incoming calls to an action-response facility geographically proximate to the locus of the caller. It is for this reason that the 9-1-1 emergency call system of the United States is employed for purposes of this application as a preferred embodiment of the system and method of the present invention.

[0012] Automatic Number Identification (ANI) is a feature for 9-1-1 services that allows the caller's telephone number to be delivered with the call and displayed at the PSAP. This ANI feature is sometimes referred to as Calling Party Number (CPN). The feature is useful for identifying the caller and, if the caller cannot communicate, for callback. A signaling scheme known as Centralized Automatic Message Accounting (CAMA), originally used to identify the originator of a long distance call for billing purposes, was adapted to facilitate ANI delivery to the PSAP. CAMA uses multi-frequency (MF) signaling to deliver 8 digits to the PSAP. The first digit (called the Number Plan Digit-NPD) specifies one of four possible area codes. Digits 2-8 represent the caller's 7-digit telephone number. The ANI is framed with a key pulse (KP) at the beginning and a start (ST) at the end in the format: KP-NPD-NXXXXXX-ST.

[0013] The multi-frequency (MF) signaling used in connection with the ANI feature is not the same as the Dual Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) signaling also encountered in telecommunication systems. Both signaling schemes use a combination of two specific tones to represent a character, or digit, but the tones are different. There are 16 DTMF tones (0-9, #, *, A, B, C, D); there are a greater number of MF tones (including 0-9, KP, ST, ST′, ST″, and others). DTMF tones represent signals from a user to a network; MF tones are control signals within the network. An enhanced MF arrangement has recently been used in connection with 10-digit wireless telephone systems.

[0014] The availability of the caller's telephone number to the PSAP (the ANI feature) led quickly to providing the caller's name and address as well. This was straightforwardly accomplished using the subscriber information stored by telephone companies based upon telephone number since the 1980's. New equipment at the PSAP enabled queries of an Automatic Location Identification (ALI) data base using the caller's number provided by the ANI feature to ascertain name and address information. The ALI databases are typically maintained by the respective telephone company serving the PSAP. This was an improvement, but a problem still remained where several telephone company central offices served a town or county. Other problems also developed with the growing volume of mobile callers using wireless phones, satellite phones and communications over the Internet. Information regarding the locus of the origin of the call merely identified the locus where the call entered the wireline network; even such limited location information is not always provided. No indication was presented to identify the geographic location of such mobile callers.

[0015] As the situation of multiple central offices serving a PSAP occurred more frequently, it was clear that it was inefficient to build communication trunks from several central offices to a PSAP. As a result the 9-1-1 Tandem was developed. With that equipment, trunks from central offices are concentrated at a tandem office (a 9-1-1 Tandem) from which a single trunk group serves a given PSAP. Often a 9-1-1 tandem comprises an otherwise common Class 5 telephone system end office (EO), with added software to configure it for 9-1-1 operations. Such concentration of trunks reduces size and cost of PSAP equipment. The tandem is a telephone company switch that provides an intermediate concentration and switching point. Tandems are used for many purposes, including intra-LATA (Local Access and Transport Area) toll calls, access to other local exchange carriers (LECs), and access to long distance carriers and telephone operators.

[0016] A significant development in 9-1-1 services has been the introduction of Enhanced 9-1-1 (E9-1-1). Some of the features of E9-1-1 include Selective Routing, ANI, ALI, Selective Transfer and Fixed Transfer. Selective Transfer enables one-button transfer capability to Police, Fire and EMS (Emergency Medical Service) agencies appropriate for the caller's location listed on the ALI display. Fixed Transfer is analogous to speed dialing.

[0017] Selective Routing is a process by which 9-1-1 calls are delivered to a specific PSAP based upon the street address of the caller. Selective Routing Tandems do not directly use address information from the ALI database to execute decisions regarding which PSAP to connect. Recall that emergency services (Police, Fire and EMS) are typically delivered on a municipality basis. Often there will be one Police Department (e.g., municipal, county or state), but there may be several Fire Departments and EMS Agencies. The town will be divided into response areas served by each respective agency. The response areas are overlaid and may be defined as geographic zones served by one particular combination of Police, Fire and EMS agencies. Such zones are referred to as Emergency Service Zones (ESZ). Each ESZ contains the street addresses served by each type of responder. The ESZs are each assigned an identification number (usually 3-5 digits), known as Emergency Service numbers (ESN).

[0018] The Assignment of ESZs and corresponding ESNs enables the compilation of selective routing tables. The street addresses are derived from a Master Street Address Guide (MSAG), a data base of street names and house number ranges within associated communities defining Emergency Service Zones (ESZs) and their associated Emergency Service Numbers (ESNs). This MSAG enables proper routing of 9-1-1 calls by the 9-1-1 tandem; this is Selective Routing as implemented in a 9-1-1 system. Thus, the telephone company must have an MSAG valid address to be assigned the appropriate ESN for selective routing purposes and that information must be added to the 9-1-1 ALI database. It is by using such information that the selective routing capability of the Selective Routing Tandem can properly route a 9-1-1 call to the correct PSAP. If the information is not available in the ALI database, the record is placed into an error file for further manual handling.

[0019] A portion of the ALI database may be loaded into a Selective Routing Data Base (SRDB) for use by the 9-1-1 Tandem. The SRDB may be located in the Tandem, in an adjunct processor, or in the ALI database.

[0020] Reliability is a very important factor considered in designing 9-1-1 systems. One approach to providing reliability is to provide diversely routed trunk groups from each central office to its respective 9-1-1 Tandem. Preferably, each trunk group is large enough to carry the entire 9-1-1 traffic load for the respective central office. However, some systems are designed with less than full traffic capacity on trunk groups to “choke” or “congestion manage” incoming calls to a tandem in order to avoid overloading a PSAP. In some arrangements, parallel 9-1-1 Tandems are provided so that a central office has capable 9-1-1 Tandem ready for use (albeit with 50% call handling capacity) without interruption if one of the 9-1-1 Tandems fails. Switched bypass to an alternate 9-1-1 Tandem, commonly using digital crossover switches, is another approach to providing reliability in 9-1-1 systems.

[0021] Another approach to providing redundancy and robustness for a 9-1-1 system is the employment of Instant Network Backup (INB). Using INB, if a call does not complete to the 9-1-1 network for any reason (e.g., trunk failure, facility problem, 9-1-1 Tandem failure or port failure), the INB takes over and completes the call to a predesignated 7- or 10-digit number. Using this INB alternate path, ANI and ALI information are not delivered, but the call is completed to a local public safety agency, usually the local PSAP.

[0022] The interface between Operator handled calls and a 9-1-1 system is addressed in several ways. One system provides a direct connection between an Operator Tandem and the 9-1-1 Tandem. The operator forwards the call with the caller's ANI to the 9-1-1 Tandem. The 9-1-1 Tandem treats the call as though the caller had dialed the call. A second way to effect the desired interface is by using pseudo numbers. A pseudo number is a number that, when dialed, will reach a specific PSAP as a 9-1-1 call. Pseudo numbers have some special ALI information associated with them; for example, there may be a pseudo number associated with each municipality in a state. Dialing the pseudo number, usually from outside the LATA (Local Access and Transport Area), will generate a 9-1-1 to the PSAP for that municipality. The ALI display will indicate that it is a third party conference call from an unknown address in that town. The caller is not identified, but the call goes to the PSAP where the caller is believed, or claims, to be. Pseudo numbers are useful for Alternate Local Exchange Carrier (ALEC) or Competitive Local Exchange Carrier (CLEC) operators who may be located anywhere in the country.

[0023] A third method for effecting an interface for operator handled calls with a 9-1-1 system is through the public switched telephone network (PSTN), dialing the directory number for the PSAP. This is often referred to as the “back door” number by ALEC and CLEC operators.

[0024] The same issues encountered in implementing a 9-1-1 system for identifying user location are also extant in other telecommunication systems where user location (or other locations) are important. As mentioned above in connection with the Riskin '267 Patent, marketing decisions, dealer contact actions and delivery actions may be more informedly effected using location information obtainable from a properly featured telecommunication system. According to Riskin, such geographic location information is of value even when it is coarse information suitable only for locating a caller within a telephone service provider central office service area.

[0025] The advent of wireless communications has further exacerbated the difficulty of ascertaining caller location in telecommunication systems. The “patchwork” solutions described above regarding 9-1-1 systems have been mirrored in other special, or abbreviated number systems to a significant extent. The “patchwork” solutions have created a capability-limited telecommunication system that cannot ascertain geographic information as fully or as easily as it should for all types of callers. This capability limitation has been especially felt in connection with wireless telephone systems. The system is overly dependent upon human intervention to properly route calls to appropriate receivers, such as a proper PSAP. New modes of communication, such as Voice Over IP (Internet Protocol), further contribute to telecommunication traffic not identifiable regarding geographic origin using present telecommunication routing systems.

[0026] Similar limitations will likely occur in other abbreviated number, or other special number, telephone systems handling location-based calls with resulting adverse limitations. Other such abbreviated number systems include emergency call systems in countries other than the United States, abbreviated number calling systems for reaching telephone maintenance services, abbreviated number calling systems for municipal information and services, and similar systems.

[0027] There is a need for an improved telecommunication system and method with geographic sensitivity that can be employed for abbreviated number systems and other telephone systems to ascertain user location or other geographic information with less human intervention than is presently required.

[0028] There is also a need for an improved telecommunication system and method with geographic sensitivity that can be employed for abbreviated number systems and other telephone systems to ascertain user location or other geographic information when involving wireless, Internet, satellite or other non-geographically fixed communication technologies.

[0029] The present invention is particularly directed to routing of special number calls in a telecommunication network. Standards presently exist that establish routing procedures and systems for special number wireless mobile calls to a public safety call center, or a public safety answering position (PSAP). Special number calls, as used in the present application includes any abbreviated number in use for reaching a particular service, such as maintenance services, phone company billing services, or emergency services (e.g., 9-1-1 in the United States).

[0030] For purposes of explanation of the present invention, an exemplary explanation in terms of an emergency service call in the United States (i.e., an E9-1-1 call) will be described. One skilled in the art of telephone systems and methods will readily recognize the applicability of the teachings of the present application to other special number systems in various phone systems and jurisdictions.

[0031] Present systems and procedures for effecting wireless mobile abbreviated number routing, such as E9-1-1 calls in the United States, suffer from significant shortcomings because they are implemented in technology that is years, if not decades old that is still employed today for wireline E9-1-1 call processing. Presently deployed systems and methods for wireless mobile emergency call processing are more data intensive than is necessary. As a result, the call processing effected by such old systems and procedures is slow and inefficient.

[0032] There is a need for improved efficiency and speed in call processing for mobile wireless special number calls, such as E9-1-1 calls, in telephone networks.

[0033] A system for routing mobile special number calls in a telecommunication network includes: (a) a mobile call originating station for originating a special number call from a call locus; the mobile call originating station includes a position determining unit; (b) a mobile switching station for receiving the special number call; the mobile switching station assigns a temporary identifier for the mobile call originating station at least during the special number call; (c) a mobile geolocation system coupled with the mobile switching station; the mobile geolocation system cooperates with the mobile switching station to query the position determining unit for origination geographic information relating to the call locus; and (d) a special number call service station coupled with the mobile switching station; the special number call being routed to the special number call service station according to at least some of the origination geographic information.

[0034] The method includes the steps of: (a) providing a mobile call originating station for originating the special number call from a call locus; the mobile call originating station includes a position determining unit; (b) providing a mobile switching station for receiving the special number call; the mobile switching station assigns a temporary identifier for the mobile call originating station at least during the special number call; (c) providing a mobile geolocation system coupled with the mobile switching station; the mobile geolocation system cooperates with the mobile switching station to query the position determining unit for origination geographic information relating to the call locus; and (d) providing a special number call service station coupled with the mobile switching station; the special number call being routed to the special number call service station according to at least some of the origination geographic information.

[0035] Prior art special number, or abbreviated number telecommunication systems receive some geographic related information. In some presently existing situations, mostly involving wireline telephone connections, geographic information received is adequate to accomplish required routing. In other presently existing situations, such as in situations requiring rerouting of calls to wireless service providers (WSP), to private branch exchanges (PBX), to overcome a problem in the normal wireline connection, or for other special situations, required call routing is difficult. The degree of difficulty varies depending upon whether adequate arrangements were made beforehand between respective PSAPs. In such difficult rerouting situations, human operators at special number answering stations must effect connection with geographically appropriate special number action stations in order that appropriate action agencies geographically proximate to the caller initiating the special number call may be responsively employed. In some systems the human operator effects the required routing by pressing a button, or a plurality of buttons. However, in order to ascertain the desired destination of the call, the human operator must read a screen or consult a list or directory. Such consulting to ascertain desired routing decisions consume time and offer opportunities for human errors.

[0036] There is a need for an automatic-connection capability for effecting the desired geographically proximate call completion with little or no human operator intervention required. Automatic routing based upon geographic information provided with call information is known for generalized telephone network systems. There is a need for employing the advantages proven to be attainable by today's generalized telephone network systems technology to the 1960's and 1970's “patchwork” system structure presently employed for special number communication systems in the United States.

[0037] The special number handling and routing system of the present invention offers numerous advantages over present special number systems. The present invention contemplates adding special number handling capabilities to a telecommunication network switch, such as selective routing, enhanced Automatic Location Identification (ALI), mapping, and other capabilities peculiarly applicable to special, or abbreviated number call handling. Such added capabilities at the special number system network switch level provide significant flexibility to handling of special number calls by a telecommunication system. For example, such integration of special number call handling capability in a telephone network obviates the need for choking through overflow routing, queuing, interactive voice response (IVR) or granular plotting of calls for filtering. The new system of the present invention minimizes the difficulty in coordinating choking across a variety of Local Exchange Carriers (LECs) that may route calls to a 9-1-1 tandem. The new system provides each carrier (LEC) with an appropriately engineered network access to manage call volume and distribute calls to call takers in special call answering stations, such as Public Safety Answering Positions (PSAPs), or route the calls to queues or IVRs, according to extant service policies.

[0038] Another important capability provided by the system of the present invention is an ability to manage multiple special number answering stations (such as PSAPs) for disaster recovery, mutual aid, or other cooperative activities. The system of the present invention facilitates sharing of data screens, call screens, dispatch screens and other commonalities that may be instituted when needed without necessarily requiring voice connection. The system of the present invention also creates a more robust system better able to resist interruption during disaster operations. Integrating special number handling systems with a telecommunication system at the special number system network switch level provides significantly greater flexibility and speed in traffic rerouting to avoid network breaks, and similar disaster-related problems.

[0039] Also of significance, such high-level integration of special number handling systems with public telecommunication systems makes it more likely that improvements and advances in communication technology will be employed for upgrading special number handling in the future. If special number handling systems are not “main stream” applications integrated within the public phone system, there may be a tendency for them to evolve differently than the public telephone system, and future compatibility between systems would be ever more difficult.

[0040] Further, high level integration of special number call handling capabilities within the main stream public telephone network facilitates easier inclusion of diverse special call handling agencies within the system, such as colleges, animal control agencies, poison control agencies and others.

[0041] By way of example, from a public safety perspective, two significant improvements provided by the system of the present invention are (1) interconnected PSAPs with click-through routing enabling that treats all PSAPs as one large logical PSAP across political jurisdictions and carrier service providers' boundaries; and (2) a significantly more reliable network with added redundancy, ability for calls to overflow and be backed up (e.g., eliminating choking) and enhanced network management capabilities using the latest technologies. These advantages are realized because the system of the present invention employs 9-1-1—tandems interconnected with all other 9-1-1 tandems and network switches at high level interfaces enabling more varied data types at faster speeds in the public telephone network. In its preferred embodiment, a 9-1-1 tandem configured according to the present invention is a stand-alone switch apparatus.

[0042] It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a telecommunication system and method for handling special, or abbreviated number calls that has geographic sensitivity.

[0043] It is a further object of the present invention to provide a telecommunication system and method for handling special, or abbreviated number calls that can automatically connect a caller with a geographically proximate action agency with no human intervention using geographic information included with call information.

[0044] It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide a system and method for routing special number calls in a telecommunication network that is faster and more efficient than is presently extant.

[0045] Further objects and features of the present invention will be apparent from the following specification and claims when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which like elements are labeled using like reference numerals in the various figures, illustrating the preferred embodiments of the invention.

[0046] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating selected elements of a prior art abbreviated number telecommunication system manifested in a 9-1-1 system.

[0047] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating selected elements of the preferred embodiment of the abbreviated number telecommunication system of the present invention, manifested in a 9-1-1 system.

[0048] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a prior art employment of an abbreviated number system in a telecommunication network, manifested in a 9-1-1 system.

[0049] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating employment of an abbreviated number system in a telecommunication network, manifested in a 9-1-1 system, according to the present invention.

[0050] FIG. 5 is a schematic flow diagram illustrating the preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention, manifested in a 9-1-1 system.

[0051] FIG. 6 is a schematic drawing illustrating the preferred embodiment of the system of the present invention.

[0052] FIG. 7 is a schematic drawing illustrating the preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention.

[0053] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating selected elements of a prior art abbreviated number telecommunication system, manifested in a 9-1-1 system. In FIG. 1, a prior art 9-1-1 telecommunication system 10 includes a 9-1-1 tandem 12 connected with a selective router 14 and an ALI database 16. A plurality of service providers 18 are connected with 9-1-1 tandem 12. Service providers 18 are illustrated in FIG. 1 as representatively including an incumbent local exchange carrier #1 (ILEC1) 20, an incumbent local exchange carrier #2 (ILEC2) 22, an independent local exchange carrier (IndepLEC) 24, a wireless service provider (WSP) 26, a multi-services operator (MSO) 28, a competitive local exchange carrier (CLEC) 30, and a private branch exchange (PBX) 32. Service providers 18 may also include other entities, as represented by a service provider “OTHER” 34 in FIG. 1. Service providers 18 provide telecommunication services to users (not shown in FIG. 1) including, as one communication service, a connection with a 9-1-1 emergency call service. System 10 is representative of a prior art 9-1-1 system in a large metropolitan area having several political jurisdictions. Thus, 9-1-1 tandem 12 serves a plurality of public safety answering positions (PSAPs) 36, such as PSAP1, PSAP2, PSAP3, PSAP4, PSAP5, and PSAPn. The term “PSAP” may also be used to refer to “public safety answering points”.

[0054] Other emergency call entities 38 are illustrated in FIG. 1 as not connected with 9-1-1 tandem 12. Such entities are typically not included within a 9-1-1 system, yet often may find it advantageous to employ a system such as 9-1-1 system 10. Other entities 38 are representatively (yet, not exhaustively) illustrated in FIG. 1 as including college campuses 40, poison control centers 42, animal control agencies 44, private alarm companies 46, language translation providers 48, private roadside assistance agencies 50, federal agencies 52 and relay entities 54.

[0055] The architecture of prior art 9-1-1 system 10 is centralized primarily around incumbent local exchange carriers (ILECs), such as ILEC1 20 and ILEC2 22, and secondarily around political jurisdictions (not shown in FIG. 1). There are some cooperative agreements in effect, but they are another aspect of the “patchwork” nature of the prior art 9-1-1 systems represented by FIG. 1. The result is that prior art 9-1-1 systems, such as 9-1-1 system 10, are compartmentalized in structure, and cross-jurisdictional cooperation is not easily effected unless a group of jurisdictions e.g., municipalities within a county—arrange to “hard wire” the connections necessary to accomplish cooperative structure. Sometimes a group of related PSAPs may make other special arrangements with a LEC (Local Exchange Carrier). Interconnection between carriers (i.e., service providers 18 in FIG. 1) or between wireline carriers and wireless carriers are cumbersome. One result is that such ad hoc cooperative system arrangements too often result in a fragile system susceptible to service interruption during disaster situations. It is in such disaster situations that such emergency service systems will be needed most, yet such systems are presently configured in manners lacking robust redundant and diverse route paths to existing 9-1-1 tandems from the service provider offices (e.g., service providers 18 in FIG. 1), or from PSAPs 36 (FIG. 1).

[0056] Also of significant importance is the lack of connectivity between other entities 38 and 9-1-1 tandem 12 in prior art system 10. Such a lack of connectivity means that other entities 38 effect connection with a PSAP 36 via the public switched telephone network (PSTN), not shown in FIG. 1, like any other call made between subscribers.

[0057] Another significant shortcoming of prior art 9-1-1 system 10 is difficulty in rerouting of calls to an appropriate PSAP 36 geographically proximate to a caller when a PSAP receives a misrouted 9-1-1 call, that is the caller is located not in an area served by the receiving PSAP 36. If a caller reveals his location to a human operator located within system 10 (most likely in association with operation of 9-1-1 tandem 12), the human operator can manually reroute the call to connect the call to a PSAP 36 most proximate to the caller's location. Selective router 14 identifies which PSAP is appropriate for handling a particular emergency based upon location information regarding the caller. Using information from selective router 14, a human operator may effect connection with the indicated appropriate PSAP; selective router 14 does not have a straightforward robust rerouting capability as is contemplated by the present invention. Selective router 14 may present a display on a screen to a human operator for selecting an appropriate PSAP for the call being considered. The human operator selects a PSAP from the display on the screen and presses a button to complete the call. In essence, the call completion is effected as a conference call. Such a call destination selection and completion arrangement is fraught with opportunities for human error, and ties up communication resources unnecessarily.

[0058] ALI database 16 is just that—a data base. ALI database 16 cooperates with selective router 14 to facilitate the identification of an appropriate PSAP by selective router 14. However, no straightforward robust rerouting of calls to PSAPs proximate to a caller's locus is effected using ALI data base 16, selective router 14, or any combination of those devices.

[0059] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating selected elements of the preferred embodiment of the abbreviated number telecommunication system of the present invention, manifested in a 9-1-1 system. In FIG. 2, an improved 9-1-1 system 60 includes a first emergency service complex (ESC1) 62 and a second emergency service complex (ESC2) 64. Preferably emergency service complexes ESC162 and ESC264 are substantially the same in structure and are arranged for parallel backup operational support for users of improved system 60. In order to simplify explanation of improved system 60, this description will focus upon connections and arrangements involving emergency service complex ESC162, with the understanding that parallel connections and arrangements are in place regarding emergency service complex ESC264.

[0060] Emergency service complex ESC162 serves a plurality of service providers 66. As will be appreciated in greater detail in connection with FIG. 4, emergency service complex ESC162 is connected via a public telecommunication network (not shown in FIG. 2) with a significantly wider range of service providers 66 than were served by prior art 9-1-1 system 10 (FIG. 1). Thus, emergency service complex ESC162 serves service providers 66 including an incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC) 68, a wireless service provider (WSP) 70, an Internet service provider (ISP) 72, and other service providers 66 not specifically identified in FIG. 2. In fact, emergency service complex ESC162 may be connected via a public network, such as a public switched telephone network (PSTN) (not shown in FIG. 2) with any of the service providers 18 (FIG. 1), with any or all of the other entities 38 (FIG. 1), and with additional service providers not even contemplated for connection with prior art 9-1-1 system 10. Such additional service providers may include, by way of example, Internet service provider ISP 72 (FIG. 2).

[0061] Service providers 66 provide telecommunication services of various milieux to callers, or users 74. The various telecommunication milieux contemplated by system 60 of the present invention includes any electronic transmission of information including, for example, voice, data and video communications, whether delivered via systems employing digital, analog, ISDN, optical, wireline, wireless, or other delivery technologies. Also included within the contemplated technological applicability of the present invention are voice, data or video signals delivered over the Internet, via satellite communications, or via other delivery media.

[0062] A similarly broad array of communication milieux are also available to connect emergency service complex ESC162 with a plurality of public safety answering positions (PSAPs) 76, such as PSAP1, PSAP2, PSAP3, PSAP4, PSAP5, PSAP6, and PSAPn. Similar parallel communication capability is also available between emergency service complex ESC264 and service providers 66 and PSAPs 76. The connections relating to emergency service complex ESC264 are not fully displayed in FIG. 2 in order to keep the drawing simple for purposes of explaining the present invention.

[0063] Emergency service complex ESC162 is configured much like a digital switching node in a public telecommunication network to include a network manager device 78 and a data communication manager device 80. Improved system 60 further includes a selective call router 82 and an ALI/enhanced ALI data base 84. Network manager device 78, data communication manager device 80 and selective call router 82 cooperate to effect location-based call routing, monitor system maintenance needs and carry out other administrative functions. ALI/enhanced ALI data base 84 is substantially similar to such data bases used in present enhanced 9-1-1 systems, and provides additional information relating to callers using the 9-1-1 system, such as special medical needs, handicaps, medication needs and similar information that can be provided by subscribers, or callers, for use in case of an emergency.

[0064] Preferably emergency service complex ESC162 also includes a reporting data base and utility 86 for ascertaining certain operational characteristics regarding emergency service complex ESC162 and improved system 60. For example, reporting data base and utility 86 may be configured to allow managers of improved system 60 to determine how many calls are not reaching an appropriate PSAP 76 within a prescribed time, whether changes in routing criteria might be useful in balancing loads on PSAPs 76, and similar information.

[0065] A preferred embodiment of emergency service complex ESC162 further includes a mapping capability 88 capable of interpreting geographical information received relating to callers and displaying an indication of such geographic information on a map at emergency service complex ESC162, selected PSAPs 76 or elsewhere as an aid to human operators or others. A preferred embodiment of emergency service complex ESC162 also includes an automatic call distributor (ACD) 90. ACD 90 effects routing of calls to appropriate PSAPs 76 based upon information provided by selective call router 82. It must be emphasized here that selective call router 14 of prior art system 10 (FIG. 1) relates only street address information with PSAPs, and is not configured for or capable of comprehensive global geographic location determination as is contemplated with the present invention. The configuration of emergency service complex ESC162 with a telecommunication switch capability appropriate for operation within a PSTN (including virtual private networks, private networks and other limited access network configurations) as a “full participant” station operating as a telecommunication system node, as contemplated by the present invention, means that selective router 82 of improved system 60 may identify and effect routing to any PSAP reachable by the PSTN.

[0066] The present invention contemplates improved system 60 being configured for full participation in a global telecommunication network (not shown in FIG. 2) as a substantially fully cognizant telecommunication switching capability. As a consequence of the fully capable network configuration of the present invention, improved system 60 can receive calls from any user connected with a global telecommunication network through service providers connected to the global network. Thus, geographic information relating to callers' loci will be received relating to a plurality of communication milieux: plain old telephone system (POTS), wireless telephones, satellite telephones, Internet connections, and data delivered by any of those conveyances. Being connected with the global network as a fully capable entity, improved system 60 may interpret geographic information received relating to callers' loci on a global basis. Further, because of the global access available to improved system 60 via the global network, connection to PSAPs may be effected worldwide depending upon the geographic information received.

[0067] Thus, for example, a caller located in Arizona placing an emergency service call to a private roadside assistance agency situated in Michigan may be serviced by a local action agency (e.g., police, fire, emergency medical service or towing company) because the Michigan roadside assistance agency routed the call to a Michigan emergency service complex (ESC) along with geographic information embedded in call set up data identifying the caller's location in Arizona. The ESC in Michigan can recognize the geographic relevance of the embedded information to route the call (via the global network through its network manager capability) to the appropriate PSAP most proximate to the caller's locus in Arizona.

[0068] Such geographic information may indicate location of a switch or service provider (e.g., ILEC, ALEC, WSP) handling the abbreviated number call. The geographic information may be derived from Global Positioning System (GPS) information, or triangulated information from a plurality of wireless service towers to estimate position of a wireless caller. Another type of geographic information may relate to the Internet service provider access point used by the caller to send a message, or any other geographic information appropriate to estimate the locus of the caller placing the abbreviated number call.

[0069] The present invention also contemplates that an emergency service complex, such as emergency service complex ESC162 (FIG. 2) will have an Internet connected capability. Using such a capability, for example, an operator at emergency service complex ESC162 could click on an appropriate button on a tool bar display on a computer screen to effect desired connections, including Internet communications connections. One embodiment of this novel capability is to establish an emergency services “chat window” to facilitate exchange of information between an operator associated with ESC162 and a caller accessing the emergency service system via the Internet.

[0070] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a prior art employment of an abbreviated number system in a telecommunication network, manifested in a 9-1-1 system. In FIG. 3, a “country” 100 includes “states” 102, 104, 106, 108. State 104 includes two “counties” 110, 112. Country 100 is served by a telecommunication network ll4.

[0071] State 102 has an emergency service tandem T₁. Tandem T₁is connected with public safety answering position (PSAP) P₁; PSAP P₁has communication links with local police (P), fire (F) and emergency medical (E) agencies. Tandem T₁is also connected with central office CO₁, the local telephonic service provider for state 102. Central office CO₁supports and is connected with wireline users U_1a, U_1b, U_1c, U_1d. Central office CO₁is connected with network 114.

[0072] State 104 has two counties 110, 112. County 110 has two emergency service tandems T₂₁, T₂₂, both of which tandems T₂₁, T₂₂are connected with a PSAP P₂; _PSAPP₂has communication links with local police (P), fire (F) and emergency medical (E) agencies. Tandem T₂₁is connected with central offices CO₂₁₁, CO₂₁₂. Central office CO₂₁supports and is connected with wireline users U_211a, U_211b. Central Office CO₂₁₂supports and is connected with wireline users U_212a, U_212b. Central offices CO₂₁₁, CO₂₁₂are each connected with network 114. Tandem T₂₂is connected with central offices CO₂₂₁, CO₂₂₂. Central office CO₂₂₁supports and is connected with wireline users U_221a, U_221b, U_221c. Central Office CO₂₂₂supports and is connected with wireline users U_222a, U_222b, U_222c. Central offices CO₂₂₁, CO₂₂₂are each connected with network 114. County 112 has an emergency service tandem T₃connected with a PSAP P₃. Tandem T₃is connected with a central office CO₃. Central office CO₃supports and is connected with wireline users U_3a, U_3b. Central office CO₃is connected with network 114.

[0073] State 106 has an emergency service tandem T₄. Tandem T₄is connected with public safety answering position (PSAP) P₄; PSAP P₄has communication links with local police (P), fire (F) and emergency medical (E) agencies (not shown in FIG. 3). Tandem T₄is also connected with central offices CO₄₁, CO₄₂. Central office CO₄₁supports and is connected with wireline users U_41a, U_41b. Central office CO₄₂supports and is connected with wireline users U_42a, U_42b. Central offices CO₄₁, CO₄₂are connected with network 114.

[0074] State 108 has an emergency service tandem T₅. Tandem T₅is connected with public safety answering position (PSAP) P₅; PSAP P₅has communication links with local police (P), fire (F) and emergency medical (E) agencies (not shown in FIG. 3). Tandem T₅is also connected with central offices CO₅₁, CO₅₂. Central office CO₅₁supports and is connected with wireline users U_51a, U_51b, U_51c. Central office CO₅₂supports and is connected with wireline users U_52a, U_52b. Tandem T₅may also be connected with wireless service provider (WSP) WSP₅and Internet service provider (ISP) ISP₅. The dotted lines connecting WSP₅and ISP₅with tandem T₅are intended to indicate that such a direct connection is not always established; wireless service providers and Internet service providers often communicate with 9-1-1 systems only via the PSTN. In FIG. 3, wireless service provider WSP₅supports mobile users MU_5a, MU_5b, MU_5c, MU_5d, MU_5e. Internet service provider ISP₅supports Internet users (not shown in FIG. 3). Central offices CO₅₁, CO₅₂are connected with network 114.

[0075] It is important to note in connection with the prior art arrangement illustrated in FIG. 3 the lack of direct connection between any tandem T₁, T₂₁, T₂₂, T₃, T₄, T₅with network 114. Thus, the only connection of any tandem with network 114 is via a respective central office.

[0076] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating employment of an abbreviated number system in a telecommunication network, manifested in a 9-1-1 system, according to the present invention. In the interest of avoiding prolixity and keeping the explanation of the present invention straightforward and simple, a detailed description of FIG. 4 repeating aspects of FIG. 4 that are the same as were illustrated in FIG. 3 will not be undertaken. The tandems, central offices, users, wireless service provider and Internet service provider are all in the same locations and labeled using the same terminology in FIG. 4 as they are in FIG. 3. An important difference in FIG. 4 is that all connections between a tandem and a central office, a wireless service provider, or an Internet service provider have been removed. Also, each tandem is directly connected with network 114. Thus, in state 102, tandem T₁remains connected with PSAP P₁, but is not connected with central office CO₁. In state 104, Tandem T₂₁remains connected with PSAP P₂, but is not connected with central offices CO₂₁, CO₂₂. Similarly, tandem T₂₂remains connected with PSAP P₂, but is not connected with central offices CO₂₂₁, CO₂₂₂. Tandem T₃remains connected with PSAP P₃, but is not connected with central office CO₃. In state 108, tandem T₅remains connected with PSAP P₅, but is not connected with central offices CO₅₁, CO₅₂, not connected with wireless service provider WSP₅, and not connected with Internet service provider ISP₅.

[0077] In fact, direct connections between tandems and PSAPs are not strictly required by the present invention; all connections with tandems may be effected via a public switched telephone network (PSTN), such as network 114 in FIG. 4. Direct connection with a service provider such as a central office, a wireless service provider or an Internet provider may be established, if desired. However, such direct connections are not required to advantageously employ the structure of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0078] All tandems T₁, T₂₁, T₂₂, T₃, T₄, T₅are connected with network 114. Connection with network 114 is the only connection that any tandem T₁, T₂₁, T₂₂, T₃, T₄, T₅needs to have with any service provider, with any other tandem, or with any PSAP. Of importance is the fact that connection with network 114 effects connection between each tandem T₁, T₂₁, T₂₂, T₃, T₄, T₅and any PSAP P₁, P₂, P₃, P₄, P₅in state 100.

[0079] Providing each tandem T₁, T₂₁, T₂₂, T₃, T₄, T₅with network switching and management capabilities, as by including selective call router 82, automatic call distributor 90, network manager device 78 and data manager device 80 (FIG. 2), ensures that each tandem T₁, T₂₁, T₂₂, T₃, T₄, T₅can fully employ geographic information accompanying a call to effect routing of the call to the most proximate PSAP P₁, P₂, P₃, P₄, P₅to the caller's locus for providing assistance. Further, the network connection simplifies such routing to a proximate PSAP whatever the communication milieu employed to convey the call; all of the calls eventually are conveyed over network 114 to a tandem T₁, T₂₁, T₂₂, T₃, T₄, T₅, and all calls for dispatching assistance are likewise conveyed over network 114.

[0080] The desired pairing of emergency service complexes (ESC) for redundancy in case of disaster can be easily established using known network design and planning techniques, thereby avoiding installation of expensive hard wiring to effect desired parallelism. Further, using network management techniques backup capabilities may be established “on the fly” in case both a primary and a backup ESC are incapacitated. No hard wiring among tandems is necessary to establish redundancy or robustness in the system. All that is required is rerouting of calls within network 114 to create redundancy and back up arrangements, a network management software exercise.

[0081] Reference has been made earlier to geographic information accompanying calls. Such geographic information may include routing information within a network identifying the portal at which the call entered the network. For Internet communications (voice or data), the local access number employed to initiate the Internet service may provide a geographic indication of a caller's locus. Global Positioning System (GPS) information, or some other multi-dimensional coordinate locating system, may be employed for locating callers using wireless or satellite communication means. Other sorts of geographic information may as well be employed in connection with practicing the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention.

[0082] FIG. 5 is a schematic flow diagram illustrating the preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention, manifested in a 9-1-1 system. In FIG. 5, the method is intended for use for handling abbreviated calls in a telecommunication network including an array of switches, junctions, communication channels, customer-operated communication devices and telecommunication service providing stations connected to facilitate electronic communication among a plurality of stations using a plurality of communication milieux (not shown in FIG. 5). The method 170 begins with the step of routing the abbreviated number call via the telecommunication network to an abbreviated number call processing center, as indicated by a block 172. The illustrative embodiment employed for explaining the invention in FIG. 5 is a 9-1-1 emergency services call in the United States. Thus, block 172 is labeled to indicate that the abbreviated number call is a 9-1-1 call routed to an emergency service complex (ESC) via a public switched telephone network (PSTN).

[0083] The method continues with evaluating geographic information received with the abbreviated number call to ascertain the locus of the caller originating the abbreviated number call, as indicated by a block 174. Such geographic information may indicate location of a switch or service provider (e.g., ILEC, ALEC, WSP, ISP) handling the abbreviated number call. The geographic information may be derived from Global Positioning System (GPS) information, or triangulated information from a plurality of wireless service towers to estimate position of a wireless caller, or any other geographic information appropriate to estimate the locus of the caller placing the abbreviated number call.

[0084] The method continues with selecting at least one abbreviated number call answering station (e.g., a public safety answering position—PSAP), as indicated by a block 176. The abbreviated number call is then routed to at least one abbreviated number call answering station, as indicated by a block 178. The at least one abbreviated number call answering station receiving the abbreviated call evaluates the content or nature of the call to ascertain the service required by the caller, as indicated by a block 180. Based upon the evaluation conducted according to block 180, the at least one abbreviated number call answering station chooses an abbreviated number action agency for response to the abbreviated number call, as indicated by a block 182. The selected action agency is notified of the action required by the abbreviated number call, as representatively indicated by a block 184 (in which case the response required may be provided by a police agency), a block 186 (in which case the response required may be provided by a fire agency), and a block 188 (in which case the response required may be provided by an emergency medical service agency).

[0085] A further step of the method, not shown in FIG. 5, may involve actually routing the abbreviated number call to the action agency for handling directly with the caller. Even further, the abbreviated number call may be routed to the responding unit dispatched by the action agency to the scene, such as a police patrol car or an ambulance.

[0086] FIG. 6 is a schematic drawing illustrating the preferred embodiment of the system of the present invention. In FIG. 6, a telecommunication network 610 includes a mobile switching center (MSC) 612 and an emergency services complex (ESC) 614 coupled by a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 616. For purposes of this application, a PSTN includes any network accessible by the public, including wireless service provider (WSP) networks, virtual private networks, private networks and other limited access network configurations.

[0087] Emergency services complex (ESC) 614 is coupled with a plurality of public safety answering positions PSAP₁, PSAP₂, PSAP₃, PSAP_n. Each respective PSAP_nis further connected with an emergency service action agency, such as fire (F), police (P) and emergency medical (E) agencies; representative such connections are illustrated in FIG. 6 only with PSAP₂to avoid cluttering FIG. 6. Such connections between PSAP_ns and emergency service action agencies P, F, E are established in order that a respective PSAPN may respond to an emergency call provided by emergency services complex (ESC) 614 by dispatching an appropriate emergency action agency F, P, E to the locus at which the emergency is sited.

[0088] Mobile switching center (MSC) 612 is coupled with a mobile transceiving tower 618. Mobile transceiving tower 618 effects wireless communications between mobile switching center (MSC) 612 and mobile communicating units, such as a mobile phone 620. Another exemplary mobile communication unit is an automatic crash communicator unit 622 installed in an automobile 623. Automatic auto crash communicator unit 622 is configured to send a wireless notification message indicating when automobile 623 is involved in a collision or similar incident. Both mobile communicating units—mobile phone 620 and automatic auto crash communicator unit 622 are equipped with position determining equipment (PDE)-representatively indicated as a PDE unit 624 in mobile phone 620. The PDE unit associated with automatic crash communicator unit 622 is not shown in FIG. 6.

[0089] Position determining equipment (PDE) 624 may be embodied in any technology, including global positioning system (GPS) technology, satellite tracking technology or other technology facilitating determination of geographic position of a locus associated with the unit. Position determining equipment (PDE) as used in the context of the present invention further includes equipment and techniques for practicing position determining such as network overlay and similar approaches. Thus, PDE does not necessarily require any addition or amendment to mobile phone 620 in order to practice the present invention.

[0090] Included within mobile switching center (MSC) 612 are a mobile switch (MS) 626, a mobile geolocation system (MGS) 628 and an information store 630. A georouter database 632 may also be included within MSC 612.

[0091] Included within emergency services complex (ESC) 614 are an emergency services switch (ESS) 634, a georouter database 636 and an information store 638.

[0092] Operation of telecommunication network 610 may be explained by describing a sample flow of an emergency call within network 610. A user (not shown in FIG. 6) of a mobile communication device, such as mobile phone 620, first dials a special number, such as 9-1-1, to seek emergency assistance. Mobile phone 620 may be embodied in any telephone technology extant for compatible operation with network 610, such as Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Groupe Speciale Mobile (GSM), satellite or other telephone technology. The present invention contemplates employment for special number call routing throughout the world and may involve known special number such as 911, 112, 999 or other abbreviated number services. Mobile phone 620 may be appropriately registered for operation with network 610, or mobile phone 620 may not be properly so registered because of such circumstances as its being a new phone, phone services bill not being paid, user previously stopped service or another reason. Such circumstances may be accommodated for effecting routing of selected calls from mobile phone 620, such as emergency calls using an E9-1-1 emergency services system.

[0093] MSC 612 receives the phone call from mobile phone 620 via mobile transceiving tower 618 and generates a temporary local directory number (TLDN) specifically related to and identifiable with mobile phone 620. A TLDN may be generated, for example, using the electronic serial number (ESN) of mobile phone 620 and the Mobile Identification Number (MIN) of mobile phone 620. Preferably a TLDN is a dialable number to facilitate reaching mobile phone 620 regardless of any roaming status or other status of mobile phone 620 when the emergency call is placed. It should be easily recognized by persons skilled in telephone arts that automatic auto crash communicator unit 622 may enjoy benefits from assignment of a temporary local directory number (TLDN) for purposes of tracking and identification, even if no dial-up link may be established for two-way communications.

[0094] MSC 612 recognizes that an E9-1-1 call is involved using digit analysis or another call identification technique. MSC 612 proceeds appropriately for processing an emergency call by querying mobile geolocation system (MGS) 628 to request routing instructions for the extant call. In making the query, MSC 612 provides certain information to MGS 628, such as the temporary local directory number (TLDN), which includes information revealing ESN and MIN for mobile phone 620. Other information provided by MSC 612 to MGS 628 preferably includes information relating to Cell Site and Sector (CSS) information received from mobile transceiving tower 618. MSC 612 also stores TLDN and related information as desired in information store 630. Preferably the TLDN is employed as a key data element in effecting data storage; a key element is useful for later retrieval of information from data store 630. MGS 628 and MSC 612 cooperate to query position determining equipment (PDE) 624 for geographic information relating to the locus of mobile phone 620. MGS 628 and MSC 612 may use Cell Site and Sector (CSS) information as well as other information, such as capability and equipment profiles stored in information store 630 or elsewhere, to ascertain which position determining equipment (e.g., GPS or some other system) is deployed in network 610 for the particular area in which mobile phone 620 is known to be operating. A general area in which mobile phone 620 is known to be operating is determinable by Cell Site and Sector (CSS) information received by MGS 628 and MSC 612 from mobile transceiving tower 618.

[0095] PDE 624 ascertains and provides to mobile geolocation system (MGS) 628 and Mobile switching center (MSC) 612 via mobile transceiving tower 618 certain geographic information that may include, by way of example, three dimensional position information (x, y, z), velocity direction and magnitude (v), and a confidence interval (CI) indicating accuracy of the data provided. MGS 628 uses information thus received from PDE 624 to provide pertinent information to MSC 612 for use by mobile switch (MS) 626. Such pertinent information preferably includes: x, y, z, v, CI and TLDN for mobile phone 620.

[0096] Two alternative routing methods may be employed from this point forward in the call handling, depending upon the capabilities of network 610. If MSC 612 is connected with multiple emergency service tandems (e.g., T_n; FIG. 4), MSC 612 may use geographic information (x, y, z) to query georouter database 632 regarding which emergency service tandem should receive the extant emergency call. Georouter database 632 performs a function of mapped routing. The object of the query regarding which emergency service tandem is appropriate for receiving the extant emergency call is to seek to ultimately dispatch emergency action agencies P, F, E that are closest to the locus of mobile phone 620. In responding to the query from mobile switching center (MSC) 612 georouter database 632 searches various map polygon representations stored in its spatial database to determine in which map polygon the provided (x, y, z) parameters are located. Once the appropriate map polygon is determined, georouter database 632 may determine which emergency services tandem is appropriate to receive the extant emergency call.

[0097] If, in the alternative, a wireless carrier handling the extant emergency call wishes to bypass or ignore the routing process used by a network (such as network 610) in operating emergency service tandem systems, then georouter database 632 may be queried to ascertain an appropriately proximate public service answering position (PSAP) for dispatching emergency action agencies P, F, E to the locus of mobile phone 620. Such a PSAP-based routing scheme effectively regards intervening emergency service tandems and other tandems as intermediate routing connections.

[0098] In the event that position determining equipment (PDE) 624 is not operative or not communicative, mobile geolocation system (MGS) 628 cannot provide geographic position information, and Cell Site and Sector (CSS) information is used by georouter database 632 as approximate geolocation information for determining which emergency service tandem or which PSAP is appropriate to receive the extant emergency call. In such a situation, a different confidence interval (CI) should be assigned to the position information to indicate a lower confidence in the information provided. Providing such an alternate CSS based approximation capability requires that there preferably be maintained a look-up capability relating CSS information and approximate (x, y) information so that the information may be updated whenever location of a mobile transceiver tower (e.g., mobile transceiver tower 618) changes.

[0099] Various levels of information payload are contemplated by the present invention, depending upon the circumstances encountered in operating network 610. By way of example but not limitation, two exemplary payload levels will be discussed in connection with operating network 610. Under constrained data transmission conditions, information payload accompanying routing information relating to the emergency service call may, for example, include temporary local directory number (TLDN) and an identifier for position determining equipment (PDE) unit 624. If the emergency call involves automatic auto crash communicator unit 622 (or another communicator unit such as a fire detector or a heart monitor), an identifier for automatic auto crash communicator unit 622 is included in the information payload. This information payload constitutes essential routing information for the extant emergency call. Such routing information is particular to the extant emergency call in so far as the information is known at the time of routing. Because the routing information represented by the information payload is streamlined and tailored to the particular extant emergency call, it is efficient in its routing indication. An even more efficient routing may be effected with an increased information payload that may be drafted in circumstances permitting flexible data transmission. In such flexible data transmission conditions, the information payload contemplated by the present invention for effecting routing of the extant emergency call may, for example, include TLDN, automatic auto crash communicator identifier (if appropriate), PDE identifier, position information (i.e., x, y, z, v, CI) and other information that may be relevant or valuable, such as environmental or telemetry data (e.g., smoke alarm information). Because the routing information represented by the flexible information payload is streamlined and tailored to the particular extant emergency call, it is efficient in its routing indication.

[0100] If mobile geolocation system (MGS) 628 fails to operate properly, mobile switching center (MSC) 612 sends to emergency services switch (ESS) 634 the temporary local directory number (TLDN) and Cell Site and Sector (CSS) information encoded as a default position indicator (x, y). The default position indicator should include a correspondingly different confidence interval (CI) to alert ESS 634 and any public safety answering position (PSAPN) to which ESS 634 passes the emergency call that the accompanying position indicator (x, y) is coarse in nature and not highly reliable. If emergency services switch (ESS) 634 is arranged in network 610 in a nodal orientation (e.g., as described in connection with FIGS. 2 and 4), problems associated with misrouting in the situation where mobile geolocation system (MGS) 628 is not operating properly are minimized because MSC 612 is not required to do its own routing based upon CSS information location approximations.

[0101] ESS 634 employs received position information to query georouter database 636 regarding which PSAPN should receive the extant emergency call. Georouter database 636 performs a function of mapped routing. The object of the query regarding which PSAPN is appropriate for receiving the extant emergency call is to seek to ultimately dispatch emergency action agencies P, F, E that are closest to the locus of mobile phone 620. In responding to the query from emergency services switch (ESS) 632 georouter database 636 searches various map polygon representations stored in its spatial database to determine in which such polygon the provided (x, y, z) parameters are located. Once the appropriate map polygon is determined, georouter database 636 may determine which public safety answering position (PSAP_n) is appropriate to receive the extant emergency call. Thus, georouter database 636 returns to ESS 634 the following information: position indicator (x, y, z, v, CI), TLDN, and routing number of an appropriate PSAPN for responding to the extant emergency call. Georouter database 636 also writes pertinent information to information store 638, such as position indicator (x, y, z, v, CI), TLDN, MGS 628 identifier, PDE 624 identifier, automatic auto crash communicator unit 622 identifier, and other information as desired. Preferably the TLDN is employed as a key data element in effecting data storage; a key element is useful for later retrieval of information from data store 636.

[0102] Emergency services switch (ESS) 634 then opens communications with a selected PSAPN to transmit selected information. In conditions requiring constrained data transmission, information transmitted by ESS 634 to a PSAPn may be limited to the temporary local directory number (TLDN). In conditions allowing flexible data transmission, information transmitted by ESS 634 to a PSAPn may include, for example, TLDN, position indicator (x, y, z, v, CI), TLDN, MGS 628 identifier, PDE 624 identifier, automatic auto crash communicator unit 622 identifier, and other information as desired.

[0103] When PSAP_nreceives information from ESS 634, the information is displayed on a display station (e.g., a graphic user interface; GUI) in so far as the information is available. That is, whether constrained or flexible data transmission conditions are imposed will determine what information may be available for display. The GUI unit used for display at PSAP_n(not shown in FIG. 6) is preferably the same display unit that is employed for presenting automatic location information (ALI) (e.g., from ALI/enhanced ALI data base 84; FIG. 2). Further, a geolocation database (e.g., mapping capability 88; FIG. 2) may be employed to display the locus of mobile phone 620 in a graphic display. In some configurations, a PSAP_nmay be located with an emergency services complex (ESC) 614 so that mapping capability 88 (FIG. 2) is resident in georouter database 636. That is, georouter database 636 may be shared by ESC 614 and a co-located PSAP_n. If proper communication links and protocols are in place, a PSAP_nmay share a georouter database with ESC 614 even if not co-located.

[0104] Position information (x, y, z, v, CI; or CSS approximations of location) may be periodically updated by exercising the call flow and information storing described above. Such updating of information may be effected essentially continuously, at predetermined intervals, when requested by PSAP_n, when requested by an emergency action agency P, F, E or in some combination of such alternatives. Preferably, updating of position information continues as required or as requested until PSAPN indicates “call complete” or “on scene” to network 610. Such an indication by PSAP_nsignals that help has arrived at the emergency site (usually the locus of mobile phone 620 or automatic auto crash communicator unit 622). Such an arrangement keeping communications within network 610 in place may be maintained even though the caller hangs up mobile phone 620 or is otherwise disconnected from voice communications. By such an arrangement continued updating of position information is facilitated until help arrives at the emergency site.

[0105] The system of the present invention, as representatively described in connection with FIG. 6, is employable for special number calls anywhere in the world. While emergency calls using 9-1-1 are described in connection with FIG. 6, such a description is representative only and the system may be advantageously employed for other special number operations, such as maintenance calls, business calls to carriers or other calls. The present invention uses fewer data elements for routing and is less complicated than present special number routing arrangements. Moreover, because of there being fewer data elements involved in routing, it is expected that routing processes will proceed faster using the present invention than would occur using present special number routing protocols. Still further, the simplified routing scheme of the present invention facilitates easier maintenance and future system improvements. Increased efficiencies provided by the present invention may permit avoiding installation of some Service Control Point (SCP) equipment in SS7 routing systems and reduction in the duplication of equipment between wireline and wireless operators. An expected result is continued security by redundancy and reduced processing time in the end-to-end call path for special numbers (e.g., the call path from emergency caller to emergency action asset P, F, E in an emergency call situation).

[0106] FIG. 7 is a schematic drawing illustrating the preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention. In FIG. 7, a method 700 for routing emergency calls from mobile callers in a telecommunication network begins with a step of providing a mobile call originating station, as indicated by a block 702. The mobile call originating station originates a particular emergency call from a call locus. The mobile call originating station includes a position determining unit.

[0107] Method 700 continues with a step of providing a mobile switching station, as indicated by a block 704. The mobile switching station receives the particular emergency call and assigns a temporary identifier for the mobile call originating station at least during the particular emergency call.

[0108] Method 700 continues with a step of providing a mobile geolocation system coupled with the mobile switching station, as indicated by a block 706. The mobile geolocation system cooperates with the mobile switching station to query the position determining unit for origination geographic information relating to the call locus.

[0109] Method 700 continues with a step of providing an emergency call service station coupled with the mobile switching station, as indicated by a block 708. The particular emergency call is routed to the emergency call service station according to at least some of the origination geographic information.

[0110] It is to be understood that, while the detailed drawings and specific examples given describe preferred embodiments of the invention, they are for the purpose of illustration only, that the apparatus and method of the invention are not limited to the precise details and conditions disclosed and that various changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention which is defined by the following claims: