Valved aerosol tee adapter assembly

[0002] In respiratory therapy, treatment with an aerosol directed to the patent via a ventilator circuit is often prescribed. For such practice, a nebulizer is attached to a side port of a Tee connector in the ventilator circuit. Ventilation is temporarily interrupted while the Tee connector and nebulizer are attached to and removed from the circuit. Moreover, opening the respiratory circuit to atmosphere results in exposure of other patients and attending personnel to bacteria, fluids, etc. from the patient present in the circuit. During the aerosol treatment, fluid in the Tee connector from condensation or from the nebulized aerosol particles may drain back into the nebulizer, thereby contaminating the medicament fluid to be nebulized.

[0003] A quick-connect adapter valve for connecting a nebulizer to a respiratory circuit is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,951,661. Although the apparatus allows the respiratory circuit to remain closed and without interrupting ventilation when connecting a nebulizer for aerosol treatment, the device has some disadvantageous structural components and features. The present invention is directed to an apparatus which provides for securing a nebulizer in a respiratory circuit without interrupting ventilation and for sealing the circuit when the nebulizer is removed. The apparatus of the invention incorporates structures and features which avoid the disadvantages of the device described in the aforesaid patent.

[0004] The present invention is directed to a valved aerosol Tee adapter assembly for removably securing a nebulizer in a Tee connector used in a respiratory circuit. The device features a structure in which the valve spring is housed without exposure to or interference with the aerosol generated from the nebulizer. The structure also provides a substantially unobstructed channel for nebulized particles to pass into the Tee connector. The device includes a wall extending into the Tee connector passageway for preventing fluids and condensate from draining back into the nebulizer. These as well as other advantages and components of the assembly of the invention will be described in detail hereinafter.

[0005] FIG. 1 is a sectional elevational view of the adapter assembly of the invention in a closed condition secured in a Tee connector;

[0006] FIG. 2 is a sectional elevation of the adapter assembly in an open condition in the Tee connector.

[0007] FIG. 3 is a plan view of the lower end of the adapter assembly of the invention; and

[0008] FIG. 4 is an elevational view of the adapter assembly showing a plurality of support members for securing the valve member to the actuator.

[0009] FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate the valved adapter assembly of the invention installed in a Tee connector 10. The Tee connector has inlet port 12 and outlet port 14 and interior passageway 13. The inlet and outlet ports are connected to ventilator breathing circuit hoses for supplying inspiratory gas from a ventilator or respirator to a patient. The valved assembly includes a housing having an upper section 11 and a lower section 17. In the preferred embodiment illustrated, the housing is substantially cylindrical with upper cylindrical section 11 having a smaller diameter than the cylindrical lower section 17. A cylindrical upper section allows the housing to be inserted with a gas sealing force-fit into the side port 15 of the Tee connector 10. A wall 16 is formed interiorly of the upper housing section 11. The space between wall 16 and inner wall surface 20 of upper section 11 forms the annular chamber 27 for housing a spring 28.

[0010] As shown in FIG. 1, valve 30 forms a gas seal against valve seat 18 along the upper edge of upper housing section 11. Valve actuator 25 comprises annular wall 35 extending from actuator ring 21. The upper edge 36 of annular wall 35 engages spring 28 which is biased in an expanded condition to close the valve. The valve actuator includes a valve support collar 31 into which a valve support member is positioned. In the embodiment illustrated, the valve support member includes a rod 19 integrally formed and extending downwardly from valve 30 and a lower rod portion 29 secured into channel 32 within collar 31. Preferably, the lower portion of rod 19 is tapered for a force-fit within channel 32. However, other features, shapes or components of the valve support member may be used for securing the valve to the valve actuator 25. The valve support collar 31 is integrally formed with the valve actuator and supported by ribs 26 extending between the collar and the valve actuator ring 21. By separately forming or molding the valve actuator and valve components, manufacture and assembly of the device is enhanced.

[0011] As shown in FIG. 2, a nebulizer 40 inserted in the lower section 17 of the housing urges the valve actuator and valve upperwardly from the closed position shown in FIG. 1 to the open position of FIG. 2. FIG. 2 illustrates the valve assembly of the invention in an open condition with valve actuator 25 moved upwardly in lower passageway 24 by urging aerosol outlet pipe 43 of nebulizer lid 42 into the passageway. The upper edge of outlet pipe 43 is forced against actuator ring 21 whereby continued upward pressure of the nebulizer forces the biased valve actuator to open the valve. The shoulder 23 forms a stop for upward movement of the valve actuator within lower passageway 24. With the valve actuator urged against shoulder 23 spring 28 is compressed and valve 30 is moved away from valve seat 18 so that upper passageway 22 within the upper section 11 of the valve housing communicates with the interior passageway 13 of the Tee connector 10. With the valve open, there is an unobstructed channel 37 between upper passageway 22 and the interior passageway 13 of the Tee connector for passage of aerosol from a nebulizer via aerosol outlet pipe 43 into the Tee connector. Aerosol from the nebulizer is directed through openings 38 in the valve actuator (see FIG. 3), along upper passageway 22 and unobstructed channel 37 into the Tee connector. The underside surface 34 of valve 30 is preferably arched or tapered to form a surface for better dispersing the aerosol uniformly within interior passageway 13 of the Tee connector. Preferably, the upper surface of the valve member is convex, as shown, to prevent pooling of condensate on the valve.

[0012] Preferably, the interior diameter of the lower passageway 24 provides a convenient force-fit with the aerosol outlet pipe of a nebulizer. This, lower passageway of the adapter assembly should be of a size so that the nebulizer may be easily attached and removed by hand. With the valved adapter assembly and Tee connector installed in a respiratory circuit, patient ventilation may be carried out normally without opening the circuit, or interrupting ventilation when a nebulizer is to be attached for administering aerosol treatment. Thereafter, the nebulizer is removed, again without interrupting patient ventilation. Examples of suitable nebulizers shown and described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,588,129 and Re. 33,642

[0013] An advantage of the device of the invention is that spring 28 does not obstruct the aerosol passageways, nor is it exposed to the aerosol thereby avoiding aerosol condensation on the spring and deterioration of the spring due to exposure to the aerosol. Another advantage of the device of the invention is that the upper section 11 of the housing extends into passageway 13 forming a barrier to prevent liquid from draining from the interior of the Tee connector into the nebulizer. Such a feature is shown with upper section wall 33 extending into the passageway 13 of the Tee connector 10 to form the liquid barrier. These and other advantages will be evident to those skilled in the art.