Method and apparatus to support remote and automatically initiated data loading and data acquisition of airborne computers using a wireless spread spectrum aircraft data services link

[0002] This application addresses the subject matter captured in the provisional application 60/268,085, filed on Feb. 13, 2001 and converts it into the format required for a non-provisional patent submission. The title has been changed to more accurately describe the overall novelty discussed in the provisional application.

[0003] The second generation of digital airplanes appeared in the late 1980s, models such as the 747-400 and MD-11 that used a multitude of digital computers requiring frequent software updates. It became necessary for the aircraft industry to formulate a strategy on how to make an airline's job easier in performing software updates on those newly airplane-loadable computers. Flight Management Computers (FMCs) were initially the first to have periodic software updates performed, and those were done according to the Tape Loading standard (ARINC 603) which called for the use of a portable device with one ARINC 429 output and two inputs. The loading was performed by attaching a cable and portable tape loader to the 32-pin data loader connector located in various locations in the cockpit (depending on aircraft type)—either closets on the 757/767 classic airplanes or side panels on the 737 classics near the co-pilot's station. These were mounted to avoid having the mechanic crawl around in the EE bay every time he was required to perform a software update.

[0004] The avionics industry soon realized that portable tape loaders were slow, large and cumbersome and that a new ARINC data loading standard had to developed to accommodate the 3.5″ 1.4 Mb floppy disk, which was the most commonly used storage media in the late '80s. The ARINC 615-1 standard was subsequently approved and released around 1987. The 32-pin connector definition in the original ARINC 603 specification almost doubled to 53 for the new ARINC 615-1 loaders. Some airlines were even demanding that these loaders be configured for permanent mounting on primarily long haul aircraft such as the 747-400. The specification quickly migrated to the -2 and -3 versions in an attempt to accommodate some of these requirements. The specification went from two ARINC 429 output busses and four inputs in 615-2 to four outputs and eight inputs in 615-3, in an attempt to anticipate the maximum number of loadable boxes requiring an interface with the 615 loader. In 1990 eight inputs were enough; however at the present time, there are as many as 24 loadable LRUs on a single aircraft model type.

[0005] Aircraft manufacturer Boeing soon realized that the ARINC 615-3 specification would fall short in handling more than eight loadable boxes. At Boeing, a production solution was developed specific to each aircraft model type to accommodate the number of loadable systems, which varied greatly at the time from model to model. Boeing was still selling a lot of 737 classics, and many of those models required only FMC updates. Typical data loader interface configurations consisted of Portable Data Loader (PDL) connectors in various locations in the cockpit, 6 position, 12 position, 20 position, 24 position and 20/4 position rotary switches being offered across the fleet. Finally by 1996, Boeing decided to take a common approach across all models except the 777, which does not use the ARINC 615-3 standard for loading, and make a 20/3 position data loader rotary switch interface basic and stable. The discontinuance of the 737 classic line and the offering of the new generation 737s caused the addition of over 12 loadable LRUs, with more on the horizon. Hence, all Boeing aircraft delivered after March of 1998 could justify the use the cross model switch. There are approximately 200 wires (ARINC 429 in/out, loader enable discretes, function discretes) populating 4 circular connectors located on the data loader switch module assembly installed on the P-61 maintenance panel for the 737/757/767 models and the P-11 panel for the 747. All loadable systems on Boeing airplane models (except the 777) interface with the rotary switch.

[0006] As stated previously, the switch interface unit bridges the gap between interfacing with existing avionics systems for data uploading and data acquisition without drastically modifying the way airplanes are currently built (primarily but not limited to Boeing). It's functionality is easily adaptable so that it can become an integral component on future on-board network systems such as the Aircraft Data Services Link (ADSL). This invention provides marked improvement and capability (when used as the directed data query and download engine to a ARINC 763-type Network Server System such as the ADSL) over the Ground Data Link (GDL) system referenced in U.S. Pat. No. 6,047,165 etc. It allows the ADSL to establish ARINC 615 communication with a multitude of computers, but not limited to the Digital Flight Data Acquisition Unit (DFDAU) and FMC without manual intervention via a selection on the rotary switch—a feature that the GDL does not claim to embody, since that system is specifically a real-time flight performance data capture tool by way of one of the DFDAU's serial ARINC 573 outputs or a hard wired data loader tool paralleled downstream of the existing rotary switch. This invention allows a drastically different approach to the way that previous inventions acquires and wirelessly relays data to/from the aircraft and ground stations.

[0007] This invention used in its ADSL application cannot support real-time flight performance data capture, store and transmit, however upon touchdown, an active query of all the previous flight's pre-processed ACMS triggered reports, SAR, QAR and DAR historical data along with any other 615 download data, can be initiated by way of the remotely selectable ARINC 429 data loader interfaces connected to this invention. In reality, no accumulated data is lost, and the ADSL cannot be identified as performing a “non-confidential real time monitoring” task, since by virtue of avionics system interlocks in the air, this invention in its ADSL application cannot direct an active query to a loadable system and obtain a response.

[0008] FIG. 1 diagrammatically illustrates the current model used on Boeing airplanes for ARINC 615 communication between (but not limited to) avionics LRUs and the software data loading function which is resident in Airborne or Portable data loaders.

[0009] FIG. 2 diagrammatically illustrates a simplified functional schematic of the invention used in its stand-alone application, i.e., as a replacement for the rotary switch currently installed on Boeing aircraft. The design is such that the incorporation of an ARINC 615-3 or ARINC 615A application in the invention will not impact the current aircraft interfaces.

[0010] FIG. 3 diagrammatically illustrates the invention in the context of a remotely controlled data query and acquisition tool using interactive ARINC 429 communication protocol. It is a key element of the Aircraft Data Services Link (ADSL) for obtaining stored data download disk image data from any LRU connected to the invention, including FMCs, CMCs, ACMS, etc.

[0011] FIG. 4 diagrammatically illustrates the ‘novelty’ of the ADSL for wirelessly communicating with a ground station, utilizing the capabilities of the switch interface unit to seamlessly acquire data from all LRUs to which it is connected without manual on-aircraft intervention.

[0012] The usefulness of this method and apparatus is manifested in its two distinct and basic configurations—the first being a stand alone replacement for the legacy data loader rotary switch 11 shown in FIG. 1 that functions as:

[0013] 1) a programmable electronic switch 20 in FIG. 2 which displays and allows selection of loadable systems 10 in FIG. 1 on the aircraft for the purpose of initiating a software data load. The unit's I/O is programmable, primarily to activate interfaces with loadable LRUs connected to the invention, which may vary with airplane model and customer.

[0014] 2) a configuration data tool, 21 referenced in FIG. 2 i.e., loadable LRUs software part number collection and data display device.

[0015] 3) storage 22 for such aircraft LRU configuration information as described in 2).

[0016] 4) a monitor of incoming and outgoing ARINC 429 traffic through the invention, with

[0017] appropriate connections initiated between communicating end-user systems and a data loader application, whether the application is resident in an existing ARINC 615-3 airborne loader 24, a future ARINC 615A Ethernet loader 20, a portable data loader 25 when connected to the flight deck connector or the invention itself, which is capable of hosting the data loader application on its real time Linux operating system. The preferred embodiment of the ARINC 615 (as a minimum, 615-3) data load applications would be resident in the apparatus 20, since the connection between the optional airborne server is Ethernet only, while the current airplane communication interfaces to the existing manual switch are ARINC 429. A protocol ‘packing’ and ‘unpacking’ scheme would not be required if the 615-3 application is resident in the apparatus.

[0018] If an optional server is not installed on an aircraft that utilizes a ‘smart’ switch, the avionics routing functionality of the switch may still be enabled and remotely controlled if an Ethernet connection 26 is established directly to a wireless spread spectrum transceiver located on-board the aircraft as referenced in FIG. 2. Installation of additional network cards would allow future ARINC 615A Ethernet systems 410 in FIG. 4 to utilize the routing and data loading capability of the apparatus 400. The ‘smart’ switch coupled with a standard network device such as a multi-input hub or switch 411, allows the addition of new ARINC 615A systems to be easily scalable.

[0019] The second application has the ‘smart’ switch as part of a provisional Network Server System such as the Aircraft Data Services Link (ADSL) 30 shown in FIG. 3. As an integral part of the ADSL the apparatus 400 can be:

[0020] 1) controlled remotely through the provisional Ethernet connection that is only activated in this integrated mode by way of stored directed commands from an optional airborne server, as depicted in FIG. 4 by the processor and memory 405.

[0021] 2) controlled remotely through the provisional Ethernet connection 401 that is only activated in this integrated mode by way of directed commands from a ground-based network operations center or cabin terminal devices 407 via 802.11b spread spectrum wireless connections, consisting of an ADSL antenna 402, internal cabin antenna 406 and on-aircraft external 403 and internal 404 cabin communication transceivers as shown in FIG. 4.

[0022] 3) queried remotely from any network device for stored LRU configuration information, i.e., software part numbers from any or all of the avionics systems connected to the apparatus.

[0023] 4) requested to or automatically perform compatibility checks between ‘expected’ software part numbers stored in a database resident in the apparatus or a ground based system or external airborne server connected to the apparatus, and ‘actual’ part numbers collected by the apparatus. Failure of a compatibility or aircraft configuration check may allow triggering of an automatic upload of the improperly configured LRU with the correct software update, with the verification results presented to a qualified remote operator for ‘electronic signoff’. This could eliminate the need for paperwork and visual inspection of an aircraft display—CDU, EFIS, HUD combiner, etc. to be viewed and verified by Quality Assurance personnel only at the aircraft. An automatically generated report or work order accomplishment report may be verified at any remote network client device connected to the aircraft LAN.

[0024] It should be emphasized that in all of the above mentioned functionality, any network device connected to the aircraft LAN or ground based WAN (with adequate operator permissions), is capable of remotely initiating ARINC 615 uploads and downloads to and from all of the ARINC 615 compatible Avionics LRUs 408 409 410 without manual on-aircraft intervention via the apparatus 400 functioning as an avionics gateway. This method of data acquisition of flight performance and maintenance data and software uploading to airborne computers is a marked improvement over existing inventions.

[0025] The flight performance data can be acquired and transmitted wirelessly to a ground-based system using the ARINC 615-3 data loader interface 409 to the Aircraft Condition Monitoring System (ACMS) computer 34. This is a distinctly different data acquisition method 32 than ones suggested in previous inventions. Remote network operator or automatically generated 615 download requests initiate (upon or anytime after landing) the acquiring of A615-3 download disk image data representing the flight performance data stored during flight in the ACMS computer 34. Prior inventions' embodiments suggest acquisition and storage of a real-time serial stream output 33 from the Digital Flight Data Acquisition Unit (DFDAU) 35 using the airborne processor and memory portion of a network server system. The flight performance data is subsequently transmitted to a ground station upon landing.

[0026] The proposed new method and apparatus enables the remote and/or automated acquisition of fault and maintenance data 36 stored within the airborne computers using the ARINC 615-3 data download protocol.