Golf club head with metal striking plate insert

[0002] The Present Application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/064,434, filed on Jul. 12, 2002.

[0003] [Not Applicable]

[0004] 1. Field of the Invention

[0005] The present invention relates to a golf club head with a metal striking plate insert.

[0006] More specifically, the present invention relates to a golf club head with a non-metal body and a metal striking plate insert.

[0007] 2. Description of the Related Art

[0008] When a golf club head strikes a golf ball, large impacts are produced that load the club head face and the golf ball. Most of the energy is transferred from the head to the golf ball, however, some energy is lost as a result of the collision. The golf ball is typically composed of polymer cover materials (such as ionomers) surrounding a rubber-like core. These softer polymer materials having damping (loss) properties that are strain and strain rate dependent which are on the order of 10-100 times larger than the damping properties of a metallic club face. Thus, during impact most of the energy is lost as a result of the high stresses and deformations of the golf ball (0.001 to 0.20 inch), as opposed to the small deformations of the metallic club face (0.025 to 0.050 inch). A more efficient energy transfer from the club head to the golf ball could lead to greater flight distances of the golf ball.

[0009] The generally accepted approach has been to increase the stiffness of the club head face to reduce metal or club head deformations. However, this leads to greater deformations in the golf ball, and thus increases in the energy transfer problem.

[0010] Some have recognized the problem and disclosed possible solutions. An example is Campau, U.S. Pat. No. 4,398,965, for a Method Of Making Iron Golf Clubs With Flexible Impact Surface, which discloses a club having a flexible and resilient face plate with a slot to allow for the flexing of the face plate. The face plate of Campau is composed of a ferrous material, such as stainless steel, and has a thickness in the range of 0.1 inches to 0.125 inch.

[0011] Another example is Eggiman, U.S. Pat. No. 5,863,261, for a Golf Club Head With Elastically Deforming Face And Back Plates, which discloses the use of a plurality of plates that act in concert to create a spring-like effect on a golf ball during impact. A fluid is disposed between at least two of the plates to act as a viscous coupler.

[0012] Yet another example is Jepson et al, U.S. Pat. No. 3,937,474, for a golf Club With A Polyurethane Insert. Jepson discloses that the polyurethane insert has a hardness between 40 and 75 shore D.

[0013] Still another example is Inamori, U.S. Pat. No. 3,975,023, for a Golf Club Head With Ceramic Face Plate, which discloses using a face plate composed of a ceramic material having a high energy transfer coefficient, although ceramics are usually harder materials. Chen et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,743,813 for a Golf Club Head, discloses using multiple layers in the face to absorb the shock of the golf ball. One of the materials is a non-metal material.

[0014] Lu, U.S. Pat. No. 5,499,814, for a Hollow Club Head With Deflecting Insert Face Plate, discloses a reinforcing element composed of a plastic or aluminum alloy that allows for minor deflecting of the face plate which has a thickness ranging from 0.01 to 0.30 inch for a variety of materials including stainless steel, titanium, KEVLAR®, and the like. Yet another Campau invention, U.S. Pat. No. 3,989,248, for a Golf Club Having Insert Capable Of Elastic Flexing, discloses a wood club composed of wood with a metal insert.

[0015] Although not intended for flexing of the face plate, Anderson, U.S. Pat. No. 5,344,140, for a Golf Club Head And Method Of Forming Same, discloses use of a hot forged material for the face plate. The face plate of Anderson may be composed of several hot forged metal materials including steel, copper and titanium. The hot forged plate has a uniform thickness of between 0.090 and 0.130 inch.

[0016] Another invention directed toward forged materials in a club head is Su et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,776,011 for a Golf Club Head. Su discloses a club head composed of three pieces with each piece composed of a forged material. The main objective of Su is to produce a club head with greater loft angle accuracy and reduce structural weaknesses. Aizawa, U.S. Pat. No. 5,346,216 for a Golf Club Head, discloses a face plate having a curved ball hitting surface.

[0017] U.S. Pat. No. 6,146,571 to Vincent, et. al., discloses a method of manufacturing a golf club head wherein the walls are obtained by injecting a material such as plastic over an insert affixed to a meltable core. The core has a melt point lower than that of the injectable plastic material so that once the core is removed, an inner volume is maintained to form the inner cavity. The insert may comprise a resistance element for reinforcing the internal portion of the front wall of the shell upon removal of the core where the reinforcement element is comprised of aluminum with a laterally extending portion comprised of steel.

[0018] U.S. Pat. No. 6,149,534 to Peters, et al., discloses a golf club head having upper and lower metal engagement surfaces formed along a single plane interface wherein the metal of the lower surface is heavier and more dense than the metal of the upper surface.

[0019] U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,570,886 and 5,547,427 to Rigal, et al., disclose a golf club head of molded thermoplastic having a striking face defined by an impact-resistant metallic sealing element. The sealing element defines a front wall of the striking surface of the club head and extends upward and along the side of the impact surface to form a neck for attachment of the shaft to the club head. The sealing element preferably being between 2.5 and 5 mm in thickness.

[0020] U.S. Pat. No. 5,425,538 to Vincent, et al., discloses a hollow golf club head having a steel shell and a composite striking surface composed of a number of stacked woven webs of fiber.

[0021] U.S. Pat. No. 5,377,986 to Viollaz, et al., discloses a golf club head having a body composed of a series of metal plates and a hitting plate comprised of plastic or composite material wherein the hitting plate is imparted with a forwardly convex shape. Additionally, U.S. Pat. No. 5,310,185 to Viollaz, et al., discloses a hollow golf club head having a body composed of a series of metal plates, a metal support plate being located on the front hitting surface to which a hitting plate comprised of plastic or composite is attached. The metal support plate has a forwardly convex front plate associated with a forwardly convex rear plate of the hitting plate thereby forming a forwardly convex hitting surface.

[0022] U.S. Pat. No. 5,106,094 to Desboilles, et al., discloses a golf club head having a metal striking face plate wherein the striking face plate is a separate unit attached to the golf club head with a quantity of filler material in the interior portion of the club head.

[0023] U.S. Pat. No. 4,568,088 to Kurahashi discloses a wooden golf club head body reinforced by a mixture of wood-plastic composite material. The wood-plastic composite material being unevenly distributed such that a higher density in the range of between 5 and 15 mm lies adjacent to and extends substantially parallel with the front face of the club head.

[0024] U.S. Pat. No. 4,021,047 to Mader discloses a golf club wherein the sole plate, face plate, heel, toe and hosel portions are formed as a unitary cast metal piece and wherein a wood or composite crown is attached to this unitary piece thereby forming a hollow chamber in the club head.

[0025] U.S. Pat. No. 5,624,331 to Lo, et al. discloses a hollow metal golf club head where the metal casing of the head is composed of at least two openings. The head also contains a composite material disposed within the head where a portion of the composite material is located in the openings of the golf club head casing.

[0026] U.S. Pat. No. 1,167,387 to Daniel discloses a hollow golf club head wherein the shell body is comprised of metal such as aluminum alloy and the face plate is comprised of a hard wood such as beech, persimmon or the like. The face plate is aligned such that the wood grain presents endwise at the striking plate.

[0027] U.S. Pat. No. 3,692,306 to Glover discloses a golf club head having a bracket with sole and striking plates formed integrally thereon. At least one of the plates has an embedded elongate tube for securing a removably adjustable weight means.

[0028] U.S. Pat. No. 5,410,798 to Lo discloses a method of manufacturing a composite golf club head using a metal casing to which a laminated member is inserted. A sheet of composite material is subsequently layered over the openings of the laminated member and metal casing to close off the openings in the top of both. An expansible pocket is then inserted into the hollow laminated member comprising sodium nitrite, ammonium chloride and water causing the member to attach integrally to the metal casing when the head is placed into a mold and heated.

[0029] U.S. Pat. No. 4,877,249 to Thompson discloses a wood golf club head embodying a laminated upper surface and metallic sole surface having a keel. In order to reinforce the laminations and to keep the body from delaminating upon impact with an unusually hard object, a bolt is inserted through the crown of the club head where it is connected to the sole plate at the keel and tightened to compress the laminations.

[0030] U.S. Pat. No. 3,897,066 to Belmont discloses a wooden golf club head having removably inserted weight adjustment members. The members are parallel to a central vertical axis running from the face section to the rear section of the club head and perpendicular to the crown to toe axis. The weight adjustment members may be held in place by the use of capsules filled with polyurethane resin, which can also be used to form the faceplate. The capsules have openings on a rear surface of the club head with covers to provide access to adjust the weight means.

[0031] U.S. Pat. No. 2,750,194 to Clark discloses a wooden golf club head with weight adjustment means. The golf club head includes a tray member with sides and bottom for holding the weight adjustment preferably cast or formed integrally with the heel plate. The heel plate with attached weight member is inserted into the head of the golf club via an opening.

[0032] U.S. Pat. No. 5,193,811 to Okumoto, et al. discloses a wood type club head body comprised primarily of a synthetic resin and a metallic sole plate. The metallic sole plate has on its surface for bonding with the head body integrally formed members comprising a hosel on the heel side, weights on the toe and rear sides and a beam connecting the weights and hosel. Additionally, U.S. Pat. No. 5,516,107 to Okumoto, et al., discloses a golf club head having an outer shell, preferably comprised of synthetic resin, and metal weight member/s located on the interior of the club head. A foamable material is injected into the hollow interior of the club to form the core.

[0033] Once the foamable material has been injected and the sole plate is attached, the club head is heated to cause the foamable material to expand thus holding the weight member/s in position in recess/es located in toe, heel and/or back side regions by pushing the weight member into the inner surface of the outer shell.

[0034] U.S. Pat. No. 4,872,685 to Sun discloses a wood type golf club head wherein a female unit is mated with a male unit to form a unitary golf club head. The female unit comprises the upper portion of the golf club head and is preferably composed of plastic, alloy, or wood. The male unit includes the structural portions of sole plate, a face insert consists of the striking plate and weighting elements. The male unit has a substantially greater weight being preferably composed of a light metal alloy. The units are mated or held together by bonding and or mechanical means.

[0035] U.S. Pat. No. 5,398,935 to Katayama discloses a wood golf club head having a striking face wherein the height of the striking face at a toe end of the golf club head is nearly equal to or greater than the height of the striking face at the center of the club head.

[0036] U.S. Pat. No. 1,780,625 to Mattern discloses a club head with a rear portion composed of a light-weight metal such as magnesium. U.S. Pat. No. 1,638,916 to Butchart discloses a golf club with a balancing member composed of persimmon or a similar wood material, and a shell-like body composed of aluminum attached to the balancing member.

[0037] Anderson, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,024,437, 5,094,383, 5,255,918, 5,261,663 and 5,261,664 disclose a golf club head having a full body composed of a cast metal material and a face insert composed of a hot forged metal material.

[0038] Viste, U.S. Pat. No. 5,282,624 discloses a golf club head with a cast metal body and a forged steel face insert with grooves on the exterior surface and the interior surface of the face insert and having a thickness of 3mm.

[0039] Rogers, U.S. Pat. No. 3,970,236, discloses an iron club head with a formed metal face plate insert fusion bonded to a cast iron body.

[0040] Aizawa, U.S. Pat. No. 5,242,168 discloses a golf club head having a fiber reinforced resin body with a thin metallic film layer.

[0041] Yamada, U.S. Pat. No. 4,535,990 discloses a golf club head having a fiber reinforced resin body with a face insert composed of a polycarbonate or like material.

[0042] Aizawa et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,465,968 discloses a golf club head having a fiber reinforced resin body with a beryllium face plate.

[0043] Several California Institute of Technology (“Cal Tech”) patents disclose amorphous metals and methods of producing articles composed of amorphous metals. One of the earliest Cal Tech amorphous metal patents is U.S. Pat. No. 4,564,396, which discloses a method of forming metastable solid, amorphous materials. A subsequent Cal Tech amorphous metal patent is U.S. Pat. No. 5,288,344, which discloses an amorphous metal containing beryllium ranging from 5 to 52 atomic percent of the amorphous metal. Another Cal Tech patent, U.S. Pat. No. 5,618,359 discloses amorphous alloys composed of quaternary alloys of Zr, Ti, Cu and Ni. Yet another Cal Tech patent, U.S. Pat. No. 5,735,975 discloses amorphous alloys composed of quinary alloys of Zr, AL, Ti, Cu and Ni. U.S. Pat. No. 5,896,642 is a Cal Tech patent that discloses fabricating amorphous metal articles through die-forming. U.S.

[0044] Pat. No. 5,797,443, is a Cal Tech patent that discloses casting articles from amorphous metals.

[0045] Scruggs, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,711,363 discloses die casting amorphous alloys to form articles.

[0046] Colvin, U.S. Pat. No. 6,021,840, discloses vacuum die casting amorphous metals to form articles.

[0047] The Rules of Golf, established and interpreted by the United States Golf Association (“USGA”) and The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of Saint Andrews, set forth certain requirements for a golf club head. The requirements for a golf club head are found in Rule 4 and Appendix II. A complete description of the Rules of Golf are available on the USGA web page at www.usga.org. Although the Rules of Golf do not expressly state specific parameters for a golf club face, Rule 4-1e prohibits the face from having the effect at impact of a spring with a golf ball. In 1998, the USGA adopted a test procedure pursuant to Rule 4-1e which measures club face COR. This USGA test procedure, as well as procedures like it, may be used to measure club face COR.

[0048] Although the prior art has disclosed many variations of multiple material club heads, the prior art has failed to provide a multiple material club head with a high coefficient of restitution and greater forgiveness for the typical golfer.

[0049] One aspect of the present invention is a golf club head having a body composed of a lightweight, non-metal material such as plies of pre-preg material, a metal striking plate insert and a rear weighting member to provide a greater moment of inertia for the golf club head.

[0050] Another aspect of the present invention is a golf club head having a volume less than 450 cubic centimeters, a mass ranging from 190 grams to 225 grams, a moment of inertia about the Izz axis through the center of gravity of the golf club head greater than 3000 grams-centimeter squared, and a moment of inertia about the Iyy axis through the center of gravity of the golf club head greater than 3000 grams-centimeter squared.

[0051] Having briefly described the present invention, the above and further objects, features and advantages thereof will be recognized by those skilled in the pertinent art from the following detailed description of the invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0052] FIG. 1 is an exploded top perspective view of a golf club of the present invention.

[0053] FIG. 2 is a front view of a golf club head of the present invention.

[0054] FIG. 3 is a rear view of the golf club head of FIG. 1.

[0055] FIG. 4 is toe side view of the golf club head of FIG. 1.

[0056] FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the golf club head of FIG. 1.

[0057] FIG. 6 is a top plan view of the golf club head of FIG. 1.

[0058] FIG. 7 is a heel side plan view of the golf club head of FIG. 1.

[0059] FIG. 8 is an exploded top view of a golf club head of the present invention.

[0060] FIG. 9 is an exploded bottom perspective view of a golf club of the present invention.

[0061] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a body of a golf club head of the present invention without a striking plate insert.

[0062] FIG. 11 is a front view of a body of a golf club head of the present invention without a striking plate insert.

[0063] FIG. 11A is a cross-sectional view along line A—A of FIG. 11.

[0064] FIG. 12 is a top plan view of a golf club head of the present invention.

[0065] FIG. 13 is a front view of a golf club head of the present invention.

[0066] FIG. 14 is a front plan view of a golf club of the present invention illustrating the Z axis and Y axis.

[0067] FIG. 15 is a heel side plan view of a golf club of the present invention illustrating the Z axis and X axis.

[0068] As shown in FIGS. 1-9, a golf club head is generally designated 20. The golf club head 20 includes a body 22, a striking plate insert 40 and a rear weighting member 50. The golf club head 20 of the present invention has a high moment of inertia about the center of gravity, CG, for forgiveness, and a high coefficient of restitution to provide greater distance when striking a golf ball.

[0069] The body 22 has a crown 24, a sole 26, a ribbon 28, and a front wall 30 with an opening 32 and preferably a recessed portion 33. The ribbon 28 has an aft-recess 52 located opposite of the striking plate insert 40. The body 22 preferably has a hollow interior 34. The golf club head 20 has a heel end 36, a toe end 38 an aft end 37. The body 22 is preferably composed of a non-metal material, preferably a composite material such as a continuous fiber pre-preg material (including thermosetting materials or a thermoplastic materials for the resin). Other materials for the body 22 include other thermosetting materials or other thermoplastic materials such as injectable plastics. The body 22 is preferably manufactured through bladder-molding, resin transfer molding, resin infusion, injection molding, compression molding, or a similar process.

[0070] The striking plate insert 40 is attached to the body 22 over the opening 32 of the front wall 30. Preferably the striking plate insert 40 is positioned over and attached to the recessed portion 33 of the front wall 30.

[0071] The striking plate insert 40 is generally composed of a single piece of amorphous metal. The amorphous metal has a Young's modulus preferably in the range of 80 giga-Pascals (GPa)to 120 GPa, and most preferably 90 GPa to 100 GPa. Such amorphous metals include Fe, Ni, Co and Cr based amorphous metals, which have a density ranging from 8 grams per cubic centimeters (g/cc) to 10 g/cc. Other amorphous metals include Mg, Zr, Ti and Al based amorphous metals, which have a density ranging from 2 g/cc to 6 g/cc. Specific amorhpous metals include: Zr_41.2Ti_3.8Cu₁₀Ni_12.5Be_22.5; Zr₆₀Al₁₅Co_2.5Ni_7.5Cu₅(which has a Hardness of 1360, a density of 6.5 g/cc and an Elastic Modulus of 91 GPa); Fe₇₂Al₅Ga₂P₁₀C₆B₄Si₁(which has a Hardness of 1250); Cu₆₀Zr₃₀Ti₁₀(which has a Hardness of approximately 700 and an Elastic Modulus of 112-134 GPa); Cu₆₀Hf₃₀Ti₁₀(which has a Hardness of approximately 700 and an Elastic Modulus of 112-134 GPa); and, Mg₈₀Cu₁₀Y₁₀(which has a Hardness of 220). Those skilled in the pertinent art will recognize that other amorphous metals may be used for the face component without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.

[0072] Methods such as vacuum die casting, permanent mold casting and hot forming sheet material for fabricating bulk articles from amorphous metals are known in the art and such methods may be used to fabricate the striking plate insert 40 of the present invention. Amorphous metal fabrication methods are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,797,443, U.S. Pat. No. 5,896,642, U.S. Pat. No. 5,711,363, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,021,840, which pertinent parts are hereby incorporated by reference. The exterior surface 40aof the striking plate insert 40 typically has a plurality of scorelines thereon, not shown.

[0073] In a preferred embodiment, the striking plate insert 40 has uniform thickness that ranges from 0.040 inch to 0.250 inch, more preferably a thickness of 0.080 inch to 0.120 inch, and is most preferably 0.108 inch for a titanium alloy striking plate insert 40 and 0.090 inch for a stainless steel striking plate insert 40.

[0074] The striking plate insert 40 is preferably co-molded with a body 22 or press-fitted into the opening subsequent to fabrication of the body 22. In another attachment process, the body 22 is first bladder molded and then the striking plate insert 40 is bonded to the recessed portion 33 of the front wall 30 using an adhesive. The adhesive is placed on the exterior surface of the recessed portion 33. Such adhesives include thermosetting adhesives in a liquid or a film medium. A preferred adhesive is a two part liquid epoxy sold by 3M of Minneapolis Minn. under the brand names DP420NS and DP460NS. Other alternative adhesives include modified acrylic liquid adhesives such as DP810NS, also sold by the 3M company. Alternatively, foam tapes such as Hysol Synspan may be utilized with the present invention. Yet in another attachment process, the body 22 is first bladder molded and then the striking plate insert 40 is mechanically secured to the body 22. Those skilled in the pertinent art will recognize other methods for attachment of the striking plate insert 40 to the body 22 without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.

[0075] As mentioned above, in a preferred embodiment, the body 22 is composed of a plurality of plies of pre-preg, typically six or seven plies (preferably ranging from three plies to twenty plies) such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,248,025, entitled Composite Golf Head And Method Of Manufacturing, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. In such an embodiment, the crown 24, the sole 26 and the ribbon 28 preferably range in thickness from 0.010 to 0.100 inch, more preferably from 0.025 inch to 0.070 inch, even more preferably from 0.028 inch to 0.040 inch, and most preferably have a thickness of 0.033 inch. The front wall 30 preferably has a thickness greater than the thickness of the crown 24, sole 26 or ribbon 28. The thickness of the front wall preferably ranges from 0.030 to 0.150 inch, more preferably from 0.050 inch to 0.100 inch, even more preferably from 0.070 inch to 0.090 inch, and most preferably the front wall 30 has a thickness of 0.080 inch.

[0076] FIGS. 11 and 11A best illustrate the hollow interior 34 of the club head 20. As shown in FIGS. 11 and 11A, the recessed portion 33 of the front wall 30 encompasses the opening 32 forming a support for placement and attachment of the striking plate insert 40 thereon. The front wall 30 has a shoulder 75 that preferably engages a perimeter 77 of the striking plate insert 40. A portion of the interior surface 40bof the striking plate insert 40 will engage the exterior surface of the recessed portion 33 of the front wall 30. The thickness of the recessed portion 33 of the front wall 30 is preferably thicker than the crown 24, the sole 26 or the ribbon 28.

[0077] Also shown in FIG. 11A is the hosel 60, which is disposed within the hollow interior 34, and is located near the heel end 36. The hosel 60 is preferably composed of an aluminum material, and preferably has a mass ranging from 3 to 10 grams, more preferably from 4 to 8 grams, and most preferably has a mass of 6 grams. Alternatively, the hosel 60 is composed of a strong polymer material such as a urethane or ABS material. In a preferred embodiment, a shaft, not shown, is disposed within a hosel insert, not shown, that is disposed within the hosel 60 through the crown bore 62. Such a hosel insert is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,352,482 filed on Aug. 31, 2000, entitled Golf Club With Hosel Liner, which pertinent parts are hereby incorporated by reference. The hosel 60 is preferably positioned in a hosle base 64 and extends from the sole 26 to the crown 24.

[0078] Also shown in FIGS. 11 and 11aare the walls of the aft recess 52. The aft recess 52 preferably extends into the hollow interior 34 forming an aft recess projection 52a. The aft recess 52 is preferably defined by upper recess wall 54, main recess wall 56 and lower recess wall 58. The rear weighting member 50 is positioned within the aft recess 52, as best shown in FIG. 3.

[0079] The rear weighting member 50 is preferably composed of a metal material such as steel, steel alloys, brass, tungsten, tungsten alloys, or other high density materials. The rear weighting member 50 is preferably co-molded with a body 22 or press-fitted within the aft recess 52 subsequent to fabrication of the body 22. In another attachment process, the body 22 is first bladder molded and then the rear weighting member 50 is bonded within the aft recess 52 using an adhesive. The adhesive is placed on the exterior surface of the walls 54, 56 and 58 that define the aft recess 52. Such adhesives include thermosetting adhesives in a liquid or a film medium. A preferred adhesive is a two part liquid epoxy sold by 3M of Minneapolis Minn. under the brand names DP420NS and DP460NS. Other alternative adhesives include modified acrylic liquid adhesives such as DP810NS, also sold by the 3M company. Alternatively, foam tapes such as Hysol Synspan may be utilized with the present invention. Yet in another attachment process, the body 22 is first bladder molded and then the rear weighting member 50 is mechanically secured within the aft recess 52. Those skilled in the pertinent art will recognize other methods for attachment of the rear weighting member 50 within the aft recess 52 without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.

[0080] The present invention is directed at a golf club head that has a high coefficient of restitution thereby enabling for greater distance of a golf ball hit with the golf club head of the present invention. The coefficient of restitution (also referred to herein as COR) is determined by the following equation: $e=\frac{y_2-y_1}{U_1-U_2}$

[0081] wherein U₁is the club head velocity prior to impact; U₂is the golf ball velocity prior to impact which is zero; v₁is the club head velocity just after separation of the golf ball from the face of the club head; v₂is the golf ball velocity just after separation of the golf ball from the face of the club head; and e is the coefficient of restitution between the golf ball and the club face.

[0082] The values of e are limited between zero and 1.0 for systems with no energy addition. The coefficient of restitution, e, for a material such as a soft clay or putty would be near zero, while for a perfectly elastic material, where no energy is lost as a result of deformation, the value of e would be 1.0. The present invention provides a club head 20 having a coefficient of restitution preferably ranging from 0.80 to 0.94, as measured under conventional test conditions.

[0083] The coefficient of restitution of the club head 20 of the present invention under standard USGA test conditions with a given ball preferably ranges from approximately 0.80 to 0.94, more preferably ranges from 0.82 to 0.89 and is most preferably 0.86.

[0084] The volume of the club head 20 of the present invention ranges from 250 cubic centimeters to 600 cubic centimeters, and more preferably ranges from 330 cubic centimeters to 500 cubic centimeters, even more preferably 360 cubic centimeters to 450 cubic centimeters, and most preferably 420 cubic centimeters. The volume of the golf club head 20 will also vary between fairway woods (preferably ranging from 3-woods to eleven woods) with smaller volumes and drivers, which will have larger volumes than the fairway woods.

[0085] The mass of the club head 20 of the present invention preferably ranges from 165 grams to 300 grams, more preferably ranges from 175 grams to 250 grams, even preferably from 190 grams to 225 grams, and most preferably 196 grams. Preferably, the striking plate insert 40 has a mass ranging from 40 grams to 90 grams, more preferably ranging from 50 grams to 80 grams, yet more preferably from 55 grams to 75 grams, and most preferably 65 grams. The body 22 (without weighting) has a mass preferably ranging from 30 grams to 100 grams, more preferably from 40 grams to 90 grams, even more preferably 60 grams to 80 grams, and most preferably 70 grams. The aft weighting member 50 has a mass preferably ranging from 30 grams to 90 grams, more preferably from 40 grams to 70 grams, and most preferably 55 grams. The hosel 60 preferably has a mass ranging from 3 to 10 grams, more preferably from 4 to 8 grams, and most preferably has a mass of 6 grams. Additionally, epoxy, or other like flowable materials, in an amount ranging from 0.5 grams to 5 grams, may be injected into the hollow interior 34 of the golf club head 20 for selective weighting thereof.

[0086] As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the depth, D, of the club head 20 from the striking plate insert 40 to the aft end 37 of the crown 24 preferably ranges from 3.0 inches to 4.5 inches, and is most preferably 3.74 inches. The height, H, of the club head 20, as measured while in address position from the sole 26 to the crown 24, preferably ranges from 2.0 inches to 3.5 inches, and is most preferably 2.62 inches. The width, W, of the club head 20 from the toe end 38 to the heel end 36 preferably ranges from 4.0 inches to 5.5 inches, and more preferably 4.57 inches. The height, h, of the striking plate insert 40, preferably ranges from 1.8 inches to 2.5 inches, and is most preferably 2.08 inches. The width, w, of the striking plate insert from the toe end to the heel end preferably ranges from 3.0 inches to 5.0 inches, and more preferably 3.52 inches.

[0087] FIGS. 14 and 15 illustrate the axes of inertia through the center of gravity of the golf club head. The axes of inertia are designated X, Y and Z. The X axis extends from the striking plate insert 40 through the center of gravity, CG, and to the rear of the golf club head 20. The Y axis extends from the toe end 38 of the golf club head 20 through the center of gravity, CG, and to the heel end 36 of the golf club head 20. The Z axis extends from the crown 24 through the center of gravity, CG, and to the sole 26.

[0088] As defined in Golf Club Design, Fitting, Alteration& Repair, 4^thEdition, by Ralph Maltby, the center of gravity, or center of mass, of the golf club head is a point inside of the club head determined by the vertical intersection of two or more points where the club head balances when suspended. A more thorough explanation of this definition of the center of gravity is provide in Golf Club Design, Fitting, Alteration& Repair.

[0089] The center of gravity and the moment of inertia of a golf club head 20 are preferably measured using a test frame (X^T, Y^T, Z^T), and then transformed to a head frame (X^H, Y^H, Z^H). The center of gravity of a golf club head may be obtained using a center of gravity table having two weight scales thereon, as disclosed in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/796,951, filed on Feb. 27, 2001, entitled High Moment Of Inertia Composite Golf Club, and hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. If a shaft is present, it is removed and replaced with a hosel cube that has a multitude of faces normal to the axes of the golf club head. Given the weight of the golf club head, the scales allow one to determine the weight distribution of the golf club head when the golf club head is placed on both scales simultaneously and weighed along a particular direction, the X, Y or Z direction.

[0090] In general, the moment of inertia, Izz, about the Z axis for the golf club head 20 of the present invention will range from 2800 g-cm²to 5000 g-cm², preferably from 3000 g-cm²to 4500 g-cm², even more preferably from 3200 g-cm²to 4000 g-cm², and most preferably 3758 g-cm². The moment of inertia, Iyy, about the Y axis for the golf club head 20 of the present invention will range from 1500 g-cm²to 4000 g-cm², preferably from 2500 g-cm²to 3400 g-cm², even preferably from 2900 g-cm²to 3100 g-cm², and most preferably 3003 g-cm².

[0091] Further, the golf club head 20 of the present invention preferably has good products of inertia such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,425,832, which was filed on Jul. 26, 2001 and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0092] From the foregoing it is believed that those skilled in the pertinent art will recognize the meritorious advancement of this invention and will readily understand that while the present invention has been described in association with a preferred embodiment thereof, and other embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings, numerous changes, modifications and substitutions of equivalents may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention which is intended to be unlimited by the foregoing except as may appear in the following appended claims. Therefore, the embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined in the following appended claims.