Reversible ratchet-type wrench

[0002] 1. Field of the Invention

[0003] The present invention relates to a reversible ratchet-type wrench. In particular, the present invention relates to a ratchet-type wrench that allows reversible operations without sacrificing the strength of the wrench.

[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art

[0005] Wrenches are an important hand tool and have many types such as spanners, adjusting wrenches, combination wrenches, and socket wrenches. Ring spanners are very useful when the fastener to be tightened/loosened is located in a difficult-to-access place. However, the ring spanners could not be operated in a reverse direction and thus require troublesome disengagement of the ring spanner from the fastener and reengagement of the ring spanner until tightening/loosening of the fastener is achieved. U.S. Pat. No. 6,044,731 to Hsieh issued on Apr. 4, 2000 discloses a double-reversible ratchet wrench that modifies the box end of a ring spanner so as to allow reversible operation of the spanner in both directions. The ratchet wrench comprises a body, a ratchet wheel received in a receiving chamber in an end of the body, a stop block with two toothed portions mounted in the receiving chamber and meshed with the ratchet wheel to limit the direction of rotation of the ratchet wheel, a retainer ring mounted around the ratchet wheel inside the receiving chamber to hold the stop block in place, and an adjusting member mounted in the receiving chamber and turnable to shift the stop block between two positions to control the reversing direction of the ratchet wheel. However, the adjusting member would move together with the retainer ring when the stop block moves during free rotation of the wrench. Further, the adjusting member is attached to the head by a C-shaped clamp, and each of the retainer ring and the C-shaped clamp has a single function. The overall structure has increased number of elements such that the manufacture cost and the assembling time are both increased. Further, the stop block is returned to its initial position by means of cooperation between a pin and a zigzag section of the retainer ring. However, drilling a pin hole for mounting the pin would be extremely difficult for a size 8 mm wrench, and the pin hole weakens the structure of the head of the wrench. Precise processing of the pin hole is required to avoid adverse affection to the sliding and positioning of the stop block in the receiving compartment, which increases the rate of disqualified products and the manufacture cost. Further, the retainer ring and the pin still fail to provide a reliable positioning effect for the stop block; namely, the retainer ring and the pin could not reliably return the stop block to its initial position.

[0006] U.S. Pat. No. 6,220,123 to Chen issued on Apr. 24, 2001 discloses a structure of a ratchet wrench comprising a ratchet wheel mounted in a circular opening of a wrench head of a common ratchet, and a cavity is provided in the circular opening adjacent to one side of the rod body of the wrench for mounting a restrictive teeth structure. The end terminal of the cavity is provided with a ball hole to contain a spring and a steel ball, and the restrictive teeth structure is urged by the steel ball to thereby control the high-torque movement of the ratchet wheel. A rotating disc is used to cover the opening and includes ratchet teeth for meshing top ratchet teeth of the restrictive teeth structure. However, the formation of top and bottom ratchet: teeth on a side of the restrictive teeth structure would not be easy, and this decreases the torque-bearing capacity of the ratchet wrench, as the meshing area between the restrictive teeth structure and the ratchet wheel is reduced. Further, the restrictive teeth structure could not be reliably positioned, as there is no positioning means provided between the rotating disc and the wrench body. As a result, the rotating disc moves together with the restrictive teeth structure when the ratchet wrench turns freely. Further, since the top ratchet teeth of the restrictive teeth structure meshes with the ratchet teeth of the rotating disc and the bottom ratchet teeth of the rotating disc meshes with the ratchet teeth of the ratchet wheel, the ratchet wrench must be disengaged from the fastener before switching of the ratcheting direction through rotation of the rotating disc. Further, the engaging force between the ratchet wheel and the rotating disc provided by a C-shaped fastening ring was found poor. As a result, the ratchet wheel and the rotating disc could fly away from the wrench body when the ratchet wrench is subject to a relatively high torque.

[0007] It is, therefore, a need in a ratchet wrench that allows reversible operation without sacrificing the strength of the ratchet wrench and the torque-bearing capacity.

[0008] A wrench in accordance with the present invention comprises:

[0009] a handle;

[0010] a head extending from the handle and including a hole, a peripheral wall defining the hole of the head including a compartment, an annular groove being defined in an end of the peripheral wall defining the hole, the annular groove being partially coincident with the compartment;

[0011] a drive member rotatably mounted in the hole of the head and including a plurality of teeth in an outer periphery thereof;

[0012] a pawl slidably received in the compartment and including a first side having a plurality of teeth and a second side opposite to the first side, the pawl further including a first engaging member formed thereon;

[0013] a pressing member mounted in the compartment;

[0014] an elastic element mounted in the compartment for urging the pressing member to press against the second side of the pawl for engaging the teeth of the pawl with the teeth of the drive member;

[0015] a switching member having a first end mounted in the hole of the head and a second end outside the head for manual operation, the first end of the switching member including an annular groove in an outer periphery thereof, the switching member further including a second engaging member for engaging with the first engaging member of the pawl; and

[0016] a retainer ring partially engaged in the annular groove of the switching member and partially engaged in the annular groove of the head, the retainer ring being retained in place by a wall defining the compartment;

[0017] one of the switching member and the retainer ring including two retaining sections, and the other of the switching member and the retainer ring including a third engaging member for selectively engaging with one of the retaining sections;

[0018] wherein the second end of the switching member being manually turnable to make the third engaging member engage with one of the retaining sections and to move the pawl through engagement between the first engaging member and the second engaging member;

[0019] wherein the first engaging member and the second engaging member are so configured that the switching member is not moved when the pawl moves as a result of free rotation of the wrench.

[0020] Other objects, advantages, and novel features of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0021] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a reversible ratchet-type wrench in accordance with the present invention.

[0022] FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the wrench in FIG. 1.

[0023] FIG. 3 is a partly-cutaway perspective view illustrating a head of the wrench in FIG. 1.

[0024] FIG. 4 is a bottom perspective view of a switching ring of the wrench in FIG. 1.

[0025] FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along plane 5—5 in FIG. 1.

[0026] FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along plane 6—6 in FIG. 5.

[0027] FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along plane 7—7 in FIG. 5.

[0028] FIG. 8 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 7, illustrating free rotation of the ratchet wheel.

[0029] FIG. 9 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 6, illustrating a transition position of the switching ring of the wrench during switching, of the ratcheting direction.

[0030] FIG. 10 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 7, illustrating a transition position of a pawl of the wrench during switching of the ratcheting direction.

[0031] FIG. 11 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 6, illustrating a final position of the switching ring of the wrench after switching of the ratcheting direction.

[0032] FIG. 12 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 7, illustrating a final position of the pawl of the wrench after switching of the ratcheting direction.

[0033] FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective view of a second embodiment of the reversible ratchet-type wrench in accordance with the present invention.

[0034] FIG. 14 is a partly-cutaway perspective view illustrating a head of the wrench in FIG. 13.

[0035] FIG. 15 is a sectional view of the wrench in FIG. 13.

[0036] FIG. 16 is a sectional view taken alone plane 16—16 in FIG. 15.

[0037] FIG. 17 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 16, illustrating a transition position of the pawl of the wrench.

[0038] FIG. 18 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 16, illustrating a final position of the pawl of the wrench after switching of the ratcheting direction.

[0039] FIG. 19 is an exploded perspective view of a third embodiment of the reversible ratchet-type wrench in accordance with the present invention.

[0040] FIG. 20 is a partly-cutaway perspective view illustrating a head of the wrench in FIG. 19.

[0041] FIG. 21 is a sectional view of the wrench in FIG. 19.

[0042] FIG. 22 is a sectional view taken alone plane 21—21 in FIG. 20.

[0043] FIG. 23 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 22, illustrating a transition position of the switching ring of the wrench.

[0044] FIG. 24 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 22, illustrating a final position of the switching ring of the wrench after switching of the ratcheting direction.

[0045] FIG. 25 is an exploded perspective view of a forth embodiment of the reversible ratchet-type wrench in accordance with the present invention.

[0046] FIG. 26 is a sectional view of the wrench in FIG. 25.

[0047] FIG. 27 is a sectional view taken alone plane 27—27 in FIG. 26.

[0048] FIG. 28 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 27, illustrating a transition position of the switching ring of the wrench.

[0049] FIG. 29 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 27, illustrating a final position of the switching ring of the wrench after switching of the ratcheting direction.

[0050] FIG. 30 is an exploded perspective view of a fifth embodiment of the reversible ratchet-type wrench in accordance with the present invention.

[0051] FIG. 31 is a perspective view of a sixth embodiment of the ratchet-type wrench in accordance with the present invention.

[0052] FIG. 32 is a sectional view of the wrench in FIG. 31.

[0053] Referring to FIGS. 1 through 3, a first embodiment of a ratchet-type reversible wrench in accordance with the present invention is designated by “10” and generally comprises a handle 12 and a head 11 extending from the handle 12. A hole 13 is defined in the head 11 and a stepped portion 14 is formed on an end (the upper one in FIG. 2) of a peripheral wall defining the hole 13. Preferably, the diameter of an inner section 141aof the stepped portion 14 is greater than that of an outer section 141bof the stepped portion 14 for easy installation of a switching member (e.g., a switching ring 40), which will be described later. An annular groove 141 is defined in a wall defining the outer section 141bof the stepped portion 14. A compartment 15 is defined in a peripheral wall defining the hole 13, and a cavity 151 is defined in a wall defining the compartment 15. An annular ledge 131 projects inward from the other end (the lower one in FIG. 2) of the peripheral wall defining the hole 13. Further, an end (the upper one in FIG. 2) of the compartment 15 has a stepped portion 152 and is partially coincident with the stepped portion 14, best shown in FIG. 3.

[0054] A drive member 20 is rotatably mounted in the hole 13 of the head 11. In this embodiment, the drive member 20 is a gear wheel including a plurality of teeth 22 in an outer periphery thereof. The outer periphery of the gear wheel 20 includes a reduced first end 23 and a reduced second end 24. Preferably, the reduced first end 23 is longer than the reduced second end 24 in an axial direction of the gear wheel 20. Further, the gear wheel 20 includes an inner periphery for driving a fastener (not shown). When the gear wheel 20 is received in the hole 13 of the head 11, the reduced second end 24 of the gear wheel 20 rests on the annular ledge 131 of the head 11, thereby preventing falling of the gear wheel 20.

[0055] A pawl 30 is slidably mounted in the compartment 15 and includes a first side having a plurality of teeth 31 and a second side opposite to the first side. Two retaining grooves 32 are defined in the second side of the pawl 30 and spaced by a ridge 38. The pawl 30 further includes two pressing ends 33 for pressing against a wall defining the compartment 15. Further, the first side of the pawl 30 includes two recessed areas in an end section (the upper one in FIG. 2) to thereby define a protrusion 34.

[0056] Mounted in the cavity 151 is a biasing means 60 comprised of an elastic element 61 and a pressing member (e.g., a ball 62). The ball 62 is biased by the elastic element 61 to be selectively engaged in one of the retaining grooves 32 of the pawl 30, thereby selectively urging one of the pressing ends 33 of the pawl 30 to press against the wall defining the compartment 15 and urging the teeth 31 of the pawl 30 to engage with the teeth 22 of the gear wheel 20.

[0057] Referring to FIGS. 1, 2, and 4, the switching member (i.e., the switching ring 40 in this embodiment) includes a central hole 41. A flange 42 is formed on an end of the switching ring 40, and an annular groove 43 is defined in a middle portion of the outer periphery of the switching ring 40. Further, a notch 44 is defined in the other end of switching ring 40, and two recessed retaining sections 431 and 432 are formed on two sides of the notch 44 and extended to the annular groove 43. The switching ring 40 is mounted around the recessed first portion 23 of the gear wheel 20 with the flange 42 of the switching ring 40 being located outside the head 11 for manual turning. Further, the other end of the switching ring 40 abuts against the stepped portion 14 of the head 11, and the protrusion 34 of the pawl 30 is received in the notch 44 of the switching ring 40. The notch 44 is wider than the protrusion 34 of the pawl 30.

[0058] A substantially C-shaped retainer ring 50 (e.g., a C-clip) includes two spaced outer protuberances 51 on an outer periphery thereof and an inner protuberance 52 on an inner periphery thereof and located between the outer protuberances 51. It is noted that the outer periphery of the retainer ring 50 is not an arc in a section between the outer protuberances 51. Preferably, the section of the outer periphery of the retainer ring 50 between the outer protuberances 51 is chamfered. The retainer ring 50 is partially engaged in the annular groove 43 of the switching ring 40 and partially engaged in the annular groove 141 of the head 11. Thus, disengagement of the switching ring 40 is prevented. Further refer to FIG. 6. The outer protuberances 51 are respectively positioned by two ends of the stepped portion 152 of the compartment 15 to thereby prevent rotation of the retainer ring 50 relative to the wrench 10. Further, the inner protuberance 52 is selectively engaged in one of the first retaining section 431 and the second retaining section 432 of the switching ring 40, thereby positioning the switching ring 40.

[0059] Still referring to FIG. 6, the outer protuberances 51 are respectively positioned by two ends of the stepped portion 152 of the compartment 15, the inner protuberance 52 of the retainer ring 50 is engaged in the first retaining section 431 of the switching ring 40 to thereby reliably position the switching ring 40 in place. Referring to FIG. 7, the protrusion 34 of the pawl 30 is engaged in the notch 44 of the switching ring 40 such that the pawl 30 is located in a lower portion (as viewed from FIG. 7) of the compartment 15 with one of the pressing ends 33 (the lower one in FIG. 7) of the pawl 30 pressing against a lower portion of the wall defining the compartment 15. Still referring to FIG. 7, a fastener (not shown) in the gear wheel 20 can be driven when the wrench is turned clockwise.

[0060] FIG. 8 illustrates movement of the pawl 30 during free rotation of the wrench 10. Namely, when the wrench is turned counterclockwise, the pawl 30 slides away from the gear wheel 20 and then reengages with the gear wheel 20 under the action of the biasing means 60. The procedure repeats and thus causes free rotation of the gear wheel 20; namely, the fastener (not shown) in the gear wheel is not turned, as the gear wheel 20 is not driven by the pawl 30. Since the notch 44 of the switching ring 40 is wider than the protrusion 34 of the pawl 30 and since the protrusion 34 is located on a right portion of the notch 44, the notch 44 provides a space largely enough to allow sliding movement of the protrusion 34 without causing the switching ring 40 to move during free rotation of the wrench. Further, the switching ring 40 is retained in place by the retainer ring 50 and thus would not turn relative to the wrench 10.

[0061] Referring to FIGS. 9 and 10, when switching of the ratcheting direction of the wrench is required, the flange 42 of the switching ring 40 is turned, e.g., clockwise to disengage the first retaining section 431 of the switching ring 40 from the inner protuberance 52 of the retainer ring 50 until the inner protuberance 52 is engaged in the second retaining section 432 of the switching ring 40, as shown in FIG. 11. It is noted that the pawl 30 moves together with the switching ring 40 when the protrusion 34 of the pawl 30 is located in the lower portion of the notch 44 of the switching ring 40, and the ball 62 moves across the ridge 38 (FIG. 10) and is then engaged in the other retaining groove 32 of the pawl 30 (FIG. 12). As illustrated in FIG. 12, the pawl 30 is moved to the upper portion of the compartment 15 with the other pressing end 33 pressing against another portion of the wall defining the compartment 15. It is noted that the protrusion 34 of the pawl 30 is now located in an upper portion of the notch 44 of the switching ring 40, allowing sliding movement of the pawl 30 without causing movement of the switching ring 40 during counterclockwise free rotation of the wrench 10. It is noted that the section of the retainer ring 50 between the outer protuberances 51 is slightly moved backward during switching of the ratcheting direction, and the section restores its shape after completion of the switching of the ratcheting direction.

[0062] FIGS. 13-18 illustrate a second embodiment of the invention, wherein like numerals denote like elements. In this embodiment, the stepped portion 152 of the compartment 15 is omitted, and the upper end of the compartment 15 is partially coincident with the stepped portion 14, best shown in FIG. 14. The protrusion 34 of the pawl 30 is located at a level lower than an upper side of the pawl 30; namely, the height of the left portion of the pawl 30 in FIG. 13 is increased in response to the change in the height of the compartment 15. Thus, the engaging area between each pressing end 33 of the pawl 30 and the wall defining the compartment 15 is increased to thereby enhance the pressing effect. The outer protuberances 51 of the retainer ring 50 are respectively positioned by two ends of the upper portion of the compartment 15 to thereby retain the retainer ring 50 in the wrench 10, best shown in FIG. 16. The inner protuberance 52 of the retainer ring 50 is engaged in, e.g., the first retaining section 431 of the switching ring 40, thereby reliably positioning the switching ring 40 in place. It is noted that the pawl 30 is located in a lower portion of the compartment 15. The wrench in FIG. 16 allows clockwise ratcheting and counterclockwise free rotation. It is noted that the section: of the retainer ring 50 between the outer protuberances 51 is slightly moved backward during switching of the ratcheting direction, and the section restores its shape after completion of the switching of the ratcheting direction.

[0063] Referring to FIG. 17, when switching of the ratcheting direction of the wrench is required, the flange 42 of the switching ring 40 is turned, e.g., clockwise to disengage the first retaining section 431 of the switching ring 40 from the inner protuberance 52 of the retainer ring 50 until the inner protuberance 52 is engaged in the second retaining section 432 of the switching ring 40 when shown in FIG. 11. It is noted that the pawl 30 moves together with the switching ring 40, as the protrusion 34 of the pawl 30 is located in the lower portion of the notch 44 of the switching ring 40, and the ball 62 moves across the ridge 38 (FIG. 17) and is then engaged in the other retaining groove 32 of the pawl 30 (FIG. 18). It is noted that the section of the retainer ring 50 between the outer protuberances 51 :is slightly moved backward during switching of the ratcheting direction, and the section restores its shape after completion of the switching of the ratcheting direction.

[0064] As illustrated in FIG. 18, the pawl 30 is moved to the upper portion of the compartment 15 with the other pressing end 33 pressing against another portion of the wall defining the compartment 15. It is noted that the protrusion 34 of the pawl 30 is now located in an upper portion of the notch 44 of the switching ring 40, allowing sliding movement of the pawl 30 without causing movement of the switching ring 40 during counterclockwise free rotation of the wrench 10.

[0065] FIGS. 19-24 illustrate a third embodiment of the invention, wherein like numerals denotes like elements. In this embodiment, the stepped portion 152 of the compartment 15 is omitted, and a positioning hole 153 is defined in a central portion of the upper portion of the wall defining the compartment 15, best shown in FIGS. 20 and 21. Further, the retainer ring 50 has a positioning protuberance 53 on the outer periphery thereof to replace the two outer protuberances 51 in the above embodiments. The positioning protuberance 53 is slidably received in the positioning hole 153 to prevent rotation of the retainer ring 50 relative to the wrench 10. As illustrated in FIG. 22, a gap 55 is defined between a section of the retainer ring 53 from which the outer protuberance 51 projects outward. The positioning hole 153 is longer than the positioning protuberance 53.

[0066] Referring to FIG. 22, when switching of the ratcheting direction of the wrench 10 is required, the switching ring 40 is turned, e.g., clockwise, since a gap 55 is defined between the peripheral wall defining the hole 13 of the head 11 and a section of the retainer ring 53 from which the positioning protuberance 53 projects outward and since the positioning hole 153 is longer than the positioning protuberance 53, the section of the retainer ring 50 is allowed to move slightly outward during switching of the ratcheting direction of the wrench 10. And the section of the retainer ring 50 restores its shape after completion of the switching of the ratcheting direction. It is noted that the inner protrusion 52 moves across a section of the outer periphery of the switching ring 40 between the two retaining grooves 431 and 432 during switching of the ratcheting direction of the wrench 10.

[0067] As illustrated in FIG. 24, the pawl 30 is moved to the upper portion of the compartment 15 with the other pressing end 33 pressing against another portion of the wall defining the compartment 15. It is noted that the protrusion 34 of the pawl 30 is now located in an upper portion of the notch 44 of the switching ring 40, allowing sliding movement of the pawl 30 without causing movement of the switching ring 40 during counterclockwise free rotation of the wrench 10.

[0068] FIGS. 25-29 illustrate a fourth embodiment of the invention, wherein like numerals denotes like elements. In this embodiment, the stepped portion 152 of the compartment 15 is omitted, and two positioning holes. 154 are respectively defined in two ends of the upper portion of the wall defining the compartment 15, best shown in FIGS. 25 and 27. Further, the retainer ring 50 has two positioning protuberances 53 formed on the outer periphery thereof and respectively engaged in the positioning holes 153 to prevent rotation of the retainer ring 50 relative to the wrench 10. As illustrated in FIG. 22, a gap 56 is defined between a section of the retainer ring 53 between the positioning protuberances 54.

[0069] Referring to FIG. 28, when switching of the ratcheting direction of the wrench 10 is required, the switching ring 40 is turned, e.g., clockwise, since a gap 56 (FIG. 27) is defined between the peripheral wall defining the hole 13 of the head 11 and a section of the retainer ring 53 between the positioning protuberances 54 projects outward, the section of the retainer ring 53 is allowed to move slightly outward during switching of the ratcheting direction of the wrench 10. And the section of the retainer ring 50 restores its shape after completion of the switching of the ratcheting direction. It is noted that the inner protrusion 52 moves across a section of the outer periphery of the switching ring 40 between the two retaining grooves 431 and 432 during switching of the ratcheting direction of the wrench 10.

[0070] As illustrated in FIG. 29, the pawl 30 is moved to the upper portion of the compartment 15 with the other pressing end 33 pressing against another portion of the wall defining the compartment 15. It is noted that the protrusion 34 of the pawl 30 is now located in an upper portion of the notch 44 of the switching ring 40, allowing sliding movement of the pawl 30 without causing movement of the switching ring 40 during counterclockwise free rotation of the wrench 10.

[0071] FIG. 30 illustrates a fifth embodiment of the invention that is modified from the first embodiment in FIG. 2, wherein the notch 44 of the switching ring 40 is replaced by a protrusion 44′, and the protrusion 34 on the pawl 30 is replaced by a notch 34′ that is wider than the protrusion 44′ on the switching ring 40. Further, the inner protuberance 52 of the retainer ring 50 is replaced by two retaining sections in the form of grooves 52′, and the retaining sections 431 and 432 of the switching ring 40 are placed by a protuberance 431. It is noted that these arrangements can also be applied to any embodiment described above.

[0072] FIGS. 31 and 32 illustrate a sixth embodiment of the invention, wherein the drive member (now designated by 20′) includes a gear wheel 26′ rotatably mounted in the hole 13 of the head 11, a drive column 25′ extending downward from a bottom side of the gear wheel for releasably engaging with a socket (not shown), and an engaging rod 21′ extending upward from a top side of the gear wheel 26′. The switching ring 40 is mounted around the engaging rod 21′. The elements used in the previous embodiments can be used in this embodiment without adversely affecting the functions.

[0073] According to the above description, it is appreciated that the switching ring 40 is reliably retained in place during operation of the wrench 10. The switching ring 40 is mounted in the compartment 15 of the wrench 10, and no end cap is required for sealing the wrench. Further, no further hole is drilled in the wall defining the hole 13 of the head 11. Structure of the head 11 of the wrench 10 is not sacrificed. Further, the pawl 30 is allowed to slide away from the drive member 20 without causing movement of the switching ring 40. Further, the retainer ring 50 has two functions, one for mounting the switching ring 40 while allowing rotation of the switching ring 40, and the other for reliably positioning the switching ring 40 in position during free rotation of the wrench. The number of the elements of the wrench in accordance with the present invention is fewer than that in conventional designs and the structure is simplified without sacrificing the strength of the wrench.

[0074] Although the invention has been explained in relation to its preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that many other possible modifications and variations can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.