Multi-port side-fire coagulator

[0002] This application claims the benefit of Provisional Application No. 60/157,718 filed Oct. 5, 1999.

[0003] The present disclosure relates to devices for use with endoscopes and other electrosurgical instruments for coagulating tissue. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to an argon-enhanced electrosurgical device for coagulating tissue which extends through a working channel of an endoscope.

[0004] Devices for arresting blood loss and coagulating tissue are well known in the art. For example, several prior art instruments employ thermic coagulation (heated probes) to arrest bleeding. However, since the probe must come into close contact with the bleeding tissue, the probe may adhere to the eschar during probe removal possibly causing repeat bleeding. Other instruments direct high frequency electric current through the tissue to stop the bleeding. Again, eschar adherence may also be a problem with these instruments. In both types of instruments, the depth of the coagulation is difficult to control.

[0005] U.S. Pat. No. 5,207,675 to Canady attempts to resolve certain of the above-noted problems with respect to the prior art by providing a tube-like coagulation instrument in which an inert gas is forced through the instrument and ionized by an electrode prior to the gas exiting the distal end of the instrument towards the bleeding tissue. U.S. Pat. No. 5,720,745 to Farin et al. discloses a coagulation instrument which extends through a working channel of an endoscope and includes an electrode for ionizing a stream of inert gas exiting the distal end of the instrument at a rate of less than about 1 liter/minute. As explained in great detail in the Farin et al. specification, the purpose of discharging the gas at a very low flow rate is to effectively cloud the tissue area and create an inert gas “atmosphere” to gently coagulate the tissue. In both of the above patents, the electrodes are not designed to come into direct contact with the tissue.

[0006] However, using these instruments to treat certain more tubular sites, e.g., the esophagus and/or colon, is often difficult, impractical and time consuming and may cause unintended collateral damage to the surrounding tissue. For example, the longitudinally oriented instruments fire the inert gas and the RF energy in an axial direction from its distal end which, in the case of tubular tissue, would be parallel to the bleeding tissue. Thus, focusing the energy transversely at the bleeding tissue may be very difficult using this instrument and may cause collateral tissue damage.

[0007] Thus, a need exists for the development of a new and effective instrument for treating certain more tubular tissue and for treating tissue at multiple bleeding sites off axis to the instrument.

[0008] The present disclosure relates to an electrosurgical instrument for coagulating tissue for use in combination with an endoscope which includes an elongated flexible tube having a proximal end and a distal end and a plurality of side-ports located therethrough between the proximal and distal ends. The tube is sufficiently dimensioned to extend through a working channel of an endoscope. An ionizable gas is supplied to the proximal end of the tube and a diffusing member directs the ionizable gas from the proximal end to each of the side-ports towards the tissue. An electrode ionizes the gas prior to the ionizable gas exiting each side-port.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the side ports are arranged in a radial manner about the periphery of the tube. In another embodiment, the side-ports are aligned longitudinally along the tube.

[0010] A first plenum or baffle having a plurality of apertures located therethrough can be disposed within the tube between the proximal and distal ends. Preferably, the plenum couples to a corresponding plurality of ducts to direct individual amounts of ionizable gas to each of the side-ports. Advantageously, electrodes are disposed within each of the ducts for ionizing the gas prior to the gas exiting the side-ports towards the tissue.

[0011] Further, a second plenum, surface or disc can be mounted in close abutment with and proximal to the first plenum. This second plenum includes a plurality of apertures located therethrough. Preferably, the second plenum or disc rotates from a first position in which the apertures of the second plenum and the apertures of the first plenum are aligned to permit the free flow of gas between each of the same, and at least one subsequent position in which less than all of the apertures of the second plenum are aligned with the apertures of the first plenum to permit gas to only flow between the aligned apertures to each corresponding side-port.

[0012] FIG. 1 is a front, perspective view of an electrosurgical instrument shown extending through a working channel of an endoscope;

[0013] FIG. 2 is an enlarged, side sectional view of one embodiment of the present disclosure showing the ionized gas exiting multiple radially disposed side-ports to simultaneously coagulate tissue at multiple sites;

[0014] FIG. 3 is a cross-section of FIG. 2 taken along line 3—3.

[0015] FIG. 4 is an enlarged, side sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the present disclosure showing a rotatable second plenum for regulating gas flow to the first plenum;

[0016] FIGS. 5A-5D are cross-sectional views of FIG. 4 taken along line 5—5 showing four possible rotatable positions for the second plenum;

[0017] FIG. 6 is an enlarged, side sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the present disclosure showing the ionized gas exiting multiple longitudinally-aligned side-ports to simultaneously coagulate the tissue at multiple longitudinally-disposed bleeding sites;

[0018] FIG. 7 is an enlarged, side sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the present disclosure showing the gas being directed to multiple side-ports by way of a multi-partitioned wedge-like damper;

[0019] FIG. 8 is a cross sectional view of the FIG. 7 embodiment taken along lines 8—8;

[0020] FIG. 9 is an enlarged, side sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the present disclosure showing the gas being conducted through a series of ducts each having a helically-shaped baffle located therein for causing the gas to exit the side ports in a more turbulent manner towards the tissue;

[0021] FIG. 10 is an enlarged, side sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the present disclosure showing a second plenum having a plurality of shutters located therethrough for selectively regulating the gas flow to the first plenum; and

[0022] FIG. 11 is a cross-section of FIG. 10 taken along lines 11—11.

[0023] Referring now to FIG. 1, a multi-port side-fire tissue coagulator, generally identified by reference numeral 10 is shown extending through a working channel of an endoscope 12. Preferably, the multi-port coagulator 10 can be employed with a variety of different endoscopes such as those manufactured by Olympus, Pentax and Fujinon. As such, only the basic operating features of the endoscope 12 which work in combination with the present disclosure need to be described herein.

[0024] For example, endoscope 12 includes a handpiece 26 having a proximal end 27 and a distal end 29. Preferably, the proximal end 27 is mechanically coupled to a supply 18 of ionizable gas by way of hose 20 and electrically coupled to an electrosurgical generator 22 by way of cable 24 to supply a source of electrosurgical energy, e.g., high frequency coagulation current, to the endoscope 12. It is envisioned that the electrosurgical generator 22 selectively controls the amount of electrosurgical energy transmitted to an electrode or a plurality of electrodes 48a-48d(see FIG. 2) during a surgical procedure.

[0025] As shown in FIG. 1, a long, flexible tubular member 13 having a plurality of working channels 14 located therein is mechanically coupled to the distal end 29 of the handpiece 26. Preferably, at least one of the working channels 14 is sufficiently dimensioned to receive the multi-port coagulator 10 of the present disclosure. Other working channels 14 can be utilized to receive other surgical instruments and accessories such as graspers and biopsy forceps.

[0026] Turning now to FIGS. 2-4 which show one embodiment of the multi-port coagulator 10 of the present disclosure which includes an elongated generally flexible tube 30 having a proximal end 32 which is preferably engaged within one of the working channels 14 of the endoscope 12 and a distal end 34 which projects outwardly from the distal end 15 of tube 13. Ionizable gas 28, e.g., argon, is supplied to the proximal end 32 of the coagulator 10 by a gas conduit (not shown) located inside tube 13. Preferably, gas 28 is supplied from source 18 to the coagulator 10 at a selectable, predetermined flow rate.

[0027] Advantageously, the flow rate of the gas 28 is selectively adjustable and can easily be regulated depending upon a particular purpose or a particular surgical condition.

[0028] As mentioned above, the gas 28 is supplied under pressure to the proximal end 32 of the coagulator 10 and flows generally within the tube 30 in the direction of the arrows. As seen best in FIG. 3, the coagulator also includes a first. plenum or baffle 36 having a series of apertures 40a-40dlocated therethrough for directing the flow of the gas 28 into a corresponding series of ducts or conduits 42a-42dwhich extend from the first plenum 36 towards the distal end 34.

[0029] Preferably, each duct 42a-42dleads to a corresponding series of side-ports 44a-44dlocated at various positions along the tube 30. It is contemplated that the side-ports 44a-44dcan be disposed along tube 30 in any one of a number of different configurations and work simultaneously to direct the gas 28 to the surrounding tissue 50. For example, FIGS. 2, 4 and 10 depict the side-ports 44a-44dradially disposed about the periphery of the tube 30 which enable an operator to more effectively coagulate tubular-shaped tissue 50 at multiple bleeding sites. FIGS. 6 and 9 depict the side-ports 44a-44darranged in a more longitudinally-aligned manner along the outer periphery of the tube 30 which enable the operator to more effectively coagulate bleeding tissue 50 with more longitudinal-type lesions, i.e., tissue lesions which run parallel to the axial direction of endoscope 12, and without causing collateral tissue damage.

[0030] Utilizing this instrument, multiple tissue lesions can be treated and coagulated simultaneously. Moreover and as described in detail below, the operator can more effectively adjust the amount and pressure of the gas 28 prior to and/or during the surgical procedure depending upon a particular purpose.

[0031] As best seen in FIGS. 2 and 4, each duct 42a-42dpreferably includes an electrode 48a-48d, respectively, located therein. The electrodes 48a-48ddischarge an electrosurgical current, e.g., radiofrequency (RF), which ionizes a stream of gas 46 prior to the gas 28 exiting each respective side-port 44a-44dtowards the tissue 50. The stream of ionized gas 46 conducts the current to the tissue 50 while effectively scattering blood away from the treatment site allowing the tissue 50 to readily coagulate and arrest bleeding.

[0032] In one embodiment, the electrodes 48a-48dare connected by way of one or more electrical conduits (not shown) disposed within tubes 30 and 13 which are ultimately connected to electrosurgical generator 22. Preferably, the electrodes 48a-48dare ring or pin-type electrodes and are spaced from each respective side-port 44a-44dsuch that the electrodes 48a-48dcannot come into contact with the tissue 50 during the surgical procedure. A patient return electrode or pad 17 can also be electrically coupled to the electrosurgical generator 22. An electrode control mechanism 60 which allows the operator to selectively adjust the amount of current flowing through each electrode 48a-48dmay be incorporated. For example, the operator can selectively activate and/or deactivate any combination of electrodes 48a-48ddepending upon a particular purpose, e.g., FIG. 6 shows only three electrodes, namely, 148a, 148cand 148d, being activated to coagulate tissue 50.

[0033] FIGS. 4 and 5A-5D show an alternate embodiment of the present disclosure which includes a second baffle or closure disc 54 disposed proximal to and in close abutment with plenum 36. Preferably, closure disc 54 includes a plurality of pre-aligned apertures 56a-56flocated therethrough and is rotatably mounted within tube 30 such that the disc 54 is rotatable from a first position which permits the gas 28 to flow freely therethrough and to plenum 36, to at least one subsequent position which limits the flow of gas 28 to plenum 36.

[0034] For example, when disc 54 is rotated such that tab 57 is oriented at the 12:00 position (FIG. 5A), gas 28 is free to flow through apertures 56a-56dto corresponding apertures 40a-40dof plenum 36. However, when tab 57 is rotated to the 10:30 position (FIG. 5B), gas 28 can only flow through apertures 56eand 56fat the 12:00 and 6:00 positions to apertures 40aand 40cof plenum 36 and the other apertures 40band 40dof plenum 36 are effectively sealed. Again, when tab 57 is rotated to the 9:00 position (FIG. 5C), gas is permitted to freely flow through apertures 56a-56dto apertures 40a-40dof plenum 36, but when tab 57 is rotated to the 7:30 position (FIG. 5D), gas can only flow through apertures 56eand 56fat the 9:00 and 3:00 positions to apertures 40band 40dof plenum 36. It is envisioned that disc 54 can be manufactured with any combination or arrangement of apertures to limit and/or control the flow of gas 28 to plenum 36.

[0035] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the disc 54 may include a plurality of pre-sized apertures 56a-56fwhich regulate the amount of gas 28 flowing to the first plenum 36. Advantageously, disc 54 is selectively interchangeable and/or selectively sizable to permit more or less gas 28 to flow between apertures 56a-56fand 40a-40dand/or to limit the gas 28 flow to any one aperture, e.g., 40a.

[0036] FIGS. 7 and 8 show an alternate embodiment of the first plenum 36 of FIGS. 2-6 and include a frustoconically-shaped quadfurcated (four distinct partitions) wedge 236 which directs the flow of gas 28 to four side-ports 244a-244dpreferably located at the 12:00, 3:00, 6:00 and 9:00 positions, respectively. A series of electrodes 248a-248d(248dnot shown) are each disposed proximate to each respective side-port 244a-244dto ionize the gas 28 prior to the gas 28 exiting each side-port 244a-244d. Preferably, the electrodes 248a-248dare disposed distant from the side-ports such that the electrodes 248a-248dcannot contact the tissue 50 which, as mentioned above, can have a traumatic effect on the tissue 50.

[0037] As shown best in FIG. 8, this embodiment of the disclosure is particularly useful for simultaneously coagulating tissue 50 at multiple treatment sites which are radially disposed from one another. Moreover, an operator can simply rotate the coagulator 10 slowly to effectively and readily coagulate the entire tissue area surrounding the side-ports 244a-244d.

[0038] Although, FIGS. 7 and 8 show wedge 236 as being quadfurcated to direct the gas 28 to four corresponding side-ports 244a-244d, in some cases it may be preferable to provide a wedge which is only trifurcated and directs gas 28 to three corresponding side-ports, e.g., 244a-244c. In other cases it may be preferable to provide a wedge 236 which includes more or less partitions for directing gas 28 to a corresponding number of side-ports.

[0039] FIG. 9 shows yet another alternate embodiment of the present disclosure wherein the gas 28 is caused to flow in a more turbulent manner through each respective duct 42a, 42b. Many devices may be employed to cause the gas 28 to flow more or less turbulently through the ducts 42a, 42b. For example, FIG. 9 includes a generally helically-shaped baffle 70 which causes gas 28 to swirl within ducts 46a, 46bprior to the gas 28 exiting side-ports 44a, 44b.

[0040] FIGS. 10 and 11 show an alternate embodiment of the closure disc 354. In particular, disc 354 is preferably disposed within plenum 36 and includes a plurality of shutters 356a-356dwhich can be selectively opened and closed to regulate the amount of gas 28 flowing through corresponding apertures 40a-40dof plenum 36. One or more tabs 357 can be employed to selectively control the shutters 356a-356deither individually or in unison.

[0041] From the foregoing and with reference to the various figure drawings, those skilled in the art will appreciate that not only can the coagulator 10 of the present disclosure be used to arrest bleeding tissue, but the present disclosure can also be employed for desiccating the surface tissue, eradicating cysts, forming eschars on tumors or thermically marking tissue. Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that certain modifications can also be made to the present disclosure without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, while the location of the various side-ports have been shown radially and longitudinally disposed about the periphery of the tube 30, in some cases it may be preferable to position the side-ports about tube 30 differently depending upon a particular purpose, e.g., helically, in longitudinal or radial pairs and/or radially and longitudinally offset from one another.

[0042] There have been described and illustrated herein several embodiments of a multi-port coagulator for arresting bleeding and performing other surgical procedures. While particular embodiments of the disclosure have been described, it is not intended that the disclosure be limited thereto, as it is intended that the disclosure be as broad in scope as the art will allow and that the specification be read likewise. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplications of preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto.