Camera with combination four-way directional and mode control interface

[0002] Reference is made to commonly assigned copending applications Ser. No. 08769,573, entitled “Electronic Camera with Image Review” and filed Dec. 19, 1996 in the names of Michael E. Miller and Richard E. Lourette; and Ser. No. 08/928,146, entitled “User Interface for Electronic Image Viewing Apparatus” and filed Sep. 12, 1997 in the names of Michael E. Miller, Richard W. Lourette, Peter C. Fellegara, Carolyn A. Bussi, Michael J. Telek, Matthew E. Hunter, and Duncan R. Kerr; and Ser. No. 08/803,338, entitled “Electronic Camera with Internal Fixed Album Memory” and filed Feb. 20, 1997 in the names of Richard W. Lourette, Peter Fellegara, Michael E. Miller, and Linda M. Antos, each of which are assigned to the assignee of this application.

[0003] The invention relates generally to the field of electronic photography, and in particular to a user interface for an electronic camera that is connectable to a computer and capable of image viewing and editing.

[0004] When designing an electronic camera, the human interface with the camera must support the operational functions of the camera, as well as the selection and viewing of captured images. As used herein, the human (or user) interface refers to the totality of the human interaction with the system, and the means for enabling such interaction, e.g., including the information presented by the system to the user, and by the user to the system, as well as the devices that enable such presentations. The system must also provide the ability to select among operational functions, as well as apply actions against these images, such as magnifying the images, deleting the images, or sharing the images via a display device. Such a system will often employ a very small display and limited area for user controls; therefore, it is important for the user interface to have as few buttons and switches as possible, to present images that are visible on the small display, and to encourage interaction that is as intuitive as possible so as to tie usage of the buttons and switches on the camera to the graphics on the display.

[0005] In copending Ser. No. 08/928,146, a user interface, including on screen graphics and user controls, is shown in relation to a digital electronic camera. Referring to FIG. 1, the digital camera 10 is seen from a rear view, and includes an optical viewfinder 12, a zoom lens control switch 14, a handgrip area 18, and a screen operation control unit 20, all mounted on a camera housing 21. More specifically, the screen operation control unit 20 includes a liquid crystal display (LCD) 22, first user interface controls comprising respective forward and backward image scroll buttons 24, 26 and second user interface controls comprising respective previous and next menu select buttons 28, 30, and an enter button 31.

[0006] The forward, backward image scroll buttons 24, 26 are positioned such that the direction of user engagement is oriented parallel to a first set of graphical elements 32, which in the preferred embodiment include a strip of captured images retrieved from a list of images stored in the camera's memory. The previous and next menu select buttons 28, 30 are positioned such that the direction of user engagement is oriented parallel to a second set of graphical elements 34, which in the preferred embodiment is a menu bar including a number of operations or functions 1 . . . 4 that may be performed on a selected one of the images displayed in the image strip. Consequently, the direction of user engagement of the forward, backward buttons 24, 26 and the previous, next buttons 28, 30 are oriented substantially orthogonal to each other so as to intuitively integrate user interaction with the visual presentation of the first and second sets of graphical elements 32, 34. Relatively lower resolution images are displayed in the frame areas of the first set of graphical elements 32, and a single relatively higher resolution image is displayed in the display area 35 that is not obscured by the graphical elements 32, 34. It is preferable to have the higher resolution image in the display area 35 to be as large as possible, and at least as large as fifty per cent of the whole area of the display 22. Furthermore, a lower resolution image corresponding to the higher resolution image is shown in a preferred position 33 in the first set of graphical elements 32. A known camera of the type described in Serial No. 08/928,146 further includes a dial 36 for selecting one of a plurality of operational modes, which are identified in FIG. 1 as modes “A”, “B”, “C”, and “D”. Such modes may include the functions of capturing an image, reviewing captured images, connecting to a computer, and so on.

[0007] In copending Ser. No. 08/803,338, a color display unit is provided on the back of the camera housing, and an edit switch and a directional switch unit is provided adjacent to the display unit. The directional switch unit is a four directional thumbpad segmented into four different individual directional switches. The user can then manually scroll through digital film images in forward and reverse directions by utilizing the right and left directional segments of the thumbpad. In this mode, each image is shown individually as the user scrolls through the stored images. In a separate edit level, the edit switch is activated and a functional icon group is displayed. Then the user can utilize the up and down directional segments of the thumbpad to advance through the displayed function icons until the desired icon is highlighted.

[0008] In copending Ser. No. 08/769,575, an electronic camera stores captured images and allows a user to relatively rapidly review any desired stored image, and to do so without repetitive actions. The camera displays a large image on its display device and a strip of low resolution images, including one in a preset strip position corresponding to the large image. The user can then navigate backwards and forward through the strip of images in the camera's storage device by pressing a forward button or a reverse button arrayed adjacent to the display device. If the user simply presses and releases the forward or reverse buttons, the low resolution images in the strip advance or reverse by one image, and the next corresponding large image is displayed.

[0009] None of the foregoing systems integrate mode selection, such as capture, connect (to a host computer), and review (of captured images), with directional navigation, such as up/down and left/right, into a single control presentation that intuitively allows the user to cycle through the available choices and options with a minimum of hassle.

[0010] The present invention is directed to overcoming one or more of the problems set forth above. Briefly summarized, according to one aspect of the present invention, an electronic camera for capturing, viewing and manipulating electronic image data includes a processor for operating the camera in a plurality of modes, a display device for generating image components including one or more captured images derived from the electronic image data and a set of graphical elements, and a single controller that intuitively allows the user to cycle through the available displayed choices and options with a minimum of hassle. The controller includes a control element separated into four directional components arranged around a central axis and operative with the display device for navigating among the image components and a mode dial coaxial with the control element for selecting one of the modes.

[0011] Despite the simplicity of the interface, the invention provides the advantage of optimizing one-hand (e.g., right-hand) one-finger (e.g., thumb) access to each of the directional and mode controls without compromising access to any one of them. It reduces crowding, visual clutter, and perceived complexity, as well as maximizing the ‘clear’ area on the camera back to minimize risk of the other (e.g., left) hand interfering with a control while gripping the camera. This interface can be applied to both electronic cameras with an electronic display, as well as any device that can be used for image viewing and editing.

[0012] The invention further provides the advantage of a user interface that includes a minimal set of controls which are integrated with on-back callouts and on-screen graphics in a manner as to reduce the apparent complexity and to increase the ease of using the device employing the interface. The interface provides strong spatial cues that line up the on-screen graphics with the user controls. This association of graphics and callouts with user controls provides an intuitive method of interacting with an image viewing and editing device.

[0013] These and other aspects, objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood and appreciated from a review of the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments and appended claims, and by reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0014] FIG. 1 is a view of a back of an electronic camera employing a user interface according to the prior art.

[0015] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a digital camera including a combination four-way directional and mode control according to the invention.

[0016] FIG. 3 is a view of an electronic camera using the four-way control shown in FIG. 2 according to the invention.

[0017] FIG. 4 is a cross section of the combination four-way directional and mode control as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.

[0018] Because digital cameras employing electronic sensors, as well as electronic processing and storage, are well known, the present description will be directed in particular to elements forming part of, or cooperating more directly with, apparatus in accordance with the present invention. Elements not specifically shown or described herein may be selected from those known in the art. Certain aspects of the embodiments to be described may be provided in software. Given the system as described in the following materials, all such software implementation needed to practice the invention is conventional and within the ordinary skill in such arts.

[0019] Referring now to FIG. 2, a digital camera 40 includes a zoom lens section 42 for directing image light toward an image sensor 44, a processing section 46, and a removable output memory 48, such as a flash memory card. The image sensor 44 is typically a color sensor, and includes a color filter array, such as the well-known Bayer pattern (see U.S. Pat. No. 3,971,065). The processing section 46 includes an analog signal processing and A/D converter 50, a DRAM buffer memory 52, an image processing section 54 (which may be a programmable DSP capable processor, such as a Hitachi SH-DSP processor), and an output interface 56 to the removable memory 48. In addition, the camera includes a host computer interface 57 for directly connecting the camera 40 to a host computer, for example, to download images.

[0020] The DRAM buffer memory 52 has sufficient memory space for at least one full resolution image captured by the image sensor 44. The camera 40 also includes a zooming optical viewfinder 58, an image liquid crystal display (LCD) 60, a control section 62 including a control processor and timing generator 64, a flash unit 66, a status LCD 68, and a user interface comprising a group of user controls including a combination control 70. The control processor and timing generator 64, either by itself or in combination with the processing section 46, operates the camera in a variety of modes, e.g., to capture images, to review captured images, to connect to an external computer, and so on, and provides a set of graphical elements for the user interface (e.g., the elements 32 and 34 described in connection with FIG. 1), which may change depending on the mode selected.

[0021] In the preferred embodiment, the combination control 70 includes a disk-shaped select button 78 surrounded by a mode dial 72, which further includes a knob 74 and a pointer 76. One of the aforementioned modes, including “capture”, “review”(of captured images), “connect”(to a host computer), is selected by positioning the pointer 76 opposite the selected mode. The mode dial 72 comprises an outer ring surrounding the inner select button 78, which includes markers 80 for selection of four separate directions. As shown in cross section in FIG. 4, the mode dial 72 is captured between a rear cover 82 of the camera and a socket 84 such that switch contacts 86 engage a switching pattern (not shown) on a printed circuit board (PCB) 88 in order to enable a selected mode. The select button 78 is mounted atop a multi-function tactile switch 90 so as to be tilted in different directions and provide a different output signal to the PCB 88 for each direction of movement.

[0022] Nearby, or within, the optical viewfinder is a ready light 92 that is connected to the control processor and timing generator 64. A set of autofocus and autoexposure detectors 94 provide data to the control processor and timing generator 64 for driving zoom and focus motors 96 connected to the zoom lens 42, and for initiatng an exposure by enabling clock drivers 98 in order to activate the image sensor 44.

[0023] The control section 62 further includes a power management controller 100, which is connected to the control processor and timing generator 64 for conserving power demands by the various components of the camera 40. Power supplied by batteries 102 is applied on demand to the clock drivers 98, the processing section 46, and the image LCD 60. More specifically, a capture power enable line 104 supplies power to the clock drivers 98 and the analog signal processing and A/D converter 50 and a separate process power enable line 106 supplies power to the DRAM buffer memory 52, the image processing section 54, and the memory card interface 56. The power management controller 100 also enables LCD drivers 108 to input data from the DRAM buffer memory 52 to the image LCD 60, and further enables an LCD backlight 110 to provide a variable amount of backlight to the image on the image LCD 60. In the preferred embodiment, the image LCD 60 is a color LCD for displaying color images.

[0024] FIG. 3 shows a view of a back surface 40′ of the digital camera 40 showing the combination four way directional and mode control interface according to the invection (features common to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 retain the same reference characters). The back of the camera 40 includes a right-hand grip 120 and a left thumbgrip 122. The combination control 70 is positioned relative to the right-hand grip 120 so as to optimize right-hand thumb access to the mode dial 72 and to the select button 78. The combination control 70 is also positioned in a rightward location to maximize a clear area 124 on the camera back 40 to minimize the risk of the left hand interfering with one of the controls while gripping the camera 40.

[0025] The mode dial 72 constitutes an outer ring mounted on the circumferential exterior of the combination control 70. This outer ring may be plastic or metal with, e.g., a bright, metallic finish. The ring may be narrow or wide, but would preferably feature two protrusions: the knob 74 to serve as a ‘lever’ to facilitate turning the mode dial, particularly by use of the right thumb; and the pointer 76 to indicate the mode selection from a group of mode callouts 126. The mode callouts 126 would preferably be printed on the camera back 40′, and possibly color-coded as well. The select button 78 includes four raised actuation points: left/right actuation points 128/130 and up/down actuation points 132/134. These points may be formed on a single select button, such as shown in FIG. 4, or may constitute separate button segments; in either case, the actuation points 128/130 and 132/134 are used to navigate among the image components displayed on the display 60, that is, among the captured images or the graphical elements. The button area may be plastic (hard) or elastomeric (soft) material. The actuation points 128/130 and 132/134 would be biased toward the outer perimeter of the circular inner area to ensure adequate tactile separation between contact points. Color and finish of the select button(s) 78 might be anything desirable, but would be designed so as not to supersede the visual dominance of the mode dial.

[0026] The camera back 40′ also includes a display button 136, which is pressed in order to turn on the display 60, and a menu button 138, which is pressed to cycle among various menus for a given mode selected by the mode dial 72. Three soft keys 140, 142 and 144 are provided on the camera back 40′, and access changeable functions dependent upon the menu selection. Text describing the functions is written in a bar 146 along the bottom of the display 60. For instance, FIG. 3 shows the left key 140 active as a delete function in the info mode (i.e., all keys are not used in each menu selection).

[0027] The left/right actuation points 128/130 are positioned such that the direction of user engagement is oriented parallel to the first set of graphical elements 32, which may include a strip of captured images retrieved from a list of images stored in the camera's memory. The up/down actuation points 132/134 are positioned such that the direction of user engagement is oriented parallel to the second set of graphical elements 34, which may be a menu bar including a number of operations or functions 1... 4 that may be performed on a selected one of the images displayed in the image strip. Consequently, the direction of user engagement of the left/right actuation points 128/130 and the up/down actuation points 132/134 are oriented substantially orthogonal to each other so as to intuitively integrate user interaction with the visual presentation of the first and second sets of graphical elements 32, 34. Relatively lower resolution images are displayed in the frame areas of the first set of graphical elements 32, and a single relatively higher resolution image is displayed in the display area 35 that is not obscured by the graphical elements 32, 34. Furthermore, a lower resolution image corresponding to the higher resolution image is shown in a preferred position 33 in the first set of graphical elements 22.

[0028] The invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment. However, it will be appreciated that variations and modifications can be effected by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0029] 10 camera

[0030] 12 optical viewfinder

[0031] 14 zoom lens control switch

[0032] 18 handgrip area

[0033] 20 screen operation control unit

[0034] 21 camera housing

[0035] 22 LCD

[0036] 24 forward image scroll button

[0037] 26 backward image scroll button

[0038] 28 up menu select button

[0039] 30 down menu select button

[0040] 31 enter button

[0041] 32 first set of graphical elements

[0042] 33 preferred position

[0043] 34 second set of graphical elements

[0044] 35 display area

[0045] 36 dial

[0046] 40 digital camera

[0047] 42 zoom lens section

[0048] 44 image sensor

[0049] 46 processing section

[0050] 48 removable output memory

[0051] 50 analog signal processor and A/D converter

[0052] 52 RAM buffer memory

[0053] 54 image processing section

[0054] 56 card interface

[0055] 57 host computer interface

[0056] 58 zooming optical viewfinder

[0057] 60 image LCD

[0058] 62 control section

[0059] 64 control processor and timing generator

[0060] 66 flash unit

[0061] 68 status LCD

[0062] 70 combination control

[0063] 72 mode dial

[0064] 74 knob

[0065] 76 pointer

[0066] 78 select button

[0067] 80 markers

[0068] 82 rear cover

[0069] 84 socket

[0070] 86 switch contacts

[0071] 88 printed circuit board

[0072] 90 multi-function tactile switch

[0073] 92 ready light

[0074] 94 autofocus and autoexposure detectors

[0075] 96 zoom and focus motors

[0076] 98 clock drivers

[0077] 100 power management controller

[0078] 102 batteries

[0079] 104 capture power enable line

[0080] 106 process power enable line

[0081] 108 LCD drivers

[0082] 110 LCD backlight

[0083] 120 right-hand grip

[0084] 122 left-thumb grip

[0085] 124 clear area

[0086] 126 mode callouts

[0087] 128 left actuation point

[0088] 130 right actuation point

[0089] 132 up actuation point

[0090] 134 down actuation point

[0091] 136 display button

[0092] 138 menu button

[0093] 140 soft key

[0094] 142 soft key

[0095] 144 soft key

[0096] 146 bar