US 6,512,415 B1Grant
Telephonic-interface game control system
Issue Date:2003-01-28
•32 Claims
•3 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A control system CS interfaces a multiplicity of individual terminals T1-Tn through a telephone network facility CO to accommodate game formats. At the terminals T1-Tn, callers are prompted by voice-generated instructions to provide digital data that is identified for positive association with a caller and stored, as for processing. Calls are conditionally accepted based on a test of preliminary identification data (ANI or DNIS). Computer generated designations are assigned to callers and stored. Questions for game use are stored in banks, classified by order of difficulty for selection according to various formats. Specific game formats accommodate various time criteria and caller selection of degree of risk. Caller data is stored in cells along with statistical and identification data; also, key contest data is held accessible in a cache memory for reporting. Caller data may be processed individually or in interrelated formats as with reference to random or source data as to establish progressive subsets. A break-off control circuit may terminate the computer interface aborting to a manual terminal for direct communication with an operator. Real-time operation processing is an alternative to subsequently processing stored data.
Metadata
Assignee
- Ronald A. Katz Technology Licensing LP.
Inventor
- Ronald A. Katz
Application Information
Application Number:US 09/340,618
Filing Date:1999-06-28
Priority Date:1985-07-10
Art Unit:7
Classifications
IPC:
H04M 164
Field of Search:
3791420137912701379 8819379 882379 8821379 8822379 9001379 9201379 9202379 9303379 9312379 9313
Patent Drawings (3 sheets)
Description
Related Cases
[0002] This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/128,936 filed Aug. 5, 1998, and entitled “Telephonic-Interface Game Control System,” now U.S. Pat. No. 6,151,387 which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/559,538 filed Nov. 16, 1995, and entitled “Telephonic-Interface Game Control System,” now U.S. Pat. No. 5,793,846, which was a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/073,585 filed Jun. 7, 1993, and entitled “Telephonic-Interface Game Control System,” now U.S. Pat. No. 5,553,120, which was a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/534,907 filed Jun. 8, 1990, and entitled “Telephonic-Interface Game Control System,” now U.S. Pat. No. 5,218,631, which was a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/335,923 filed Apr. 10, 1989, and entitled “Telephonic-Intetface Statistical Analysis System U.S. Pat. No. 6,016,344,” which was a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/194,258 filed May 16, 1988, and entitled “Telephonic-Interface Statistical Analysis System,” now U.S. Pat. No. 4,845,739, which was a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/018,244 filed Feb. 24, 1987, and entitled “Statistical Analysis System For Use With Public Communication Facility,” now U.S. Pat. No. 4,792,968, which was a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 06/753,299 filed Jul. 10, 1985, and entitled “Statistical Analysis System For Use With Public Communication Facility,” now abandoned.
Background and Summary of the Invention
[0003] Also, application Ser. No. 08/559,538 is directly a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/335,923 filed Apr. 10, 1989, and entitled “Telephonic-Interface Statistical Analysis System,” which was a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/194,258 filed May 16, 1988, and entitled “Telephonic-Interface Statistical Analysis System,” now U.S. Pat. No. 4,845,739, which was a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/018,244 filed on Feb. 24, 1987, and entitled “Statistical Analysis System For Use With Public Communication Facility,” now U.S. Pat. No. 4,792,968, which was a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 06/753,299 filed on Jul. 10, 1985, and entitled “Statistical Analysis System For Use With Public Communication Facility,” now abandoned,. The benefit of the earlier filing dates in the United States is claimed under 35 U.S.C. § 120.
Prior-Art Considerations
[0004] To efficiently accomplish various functions, it has been proposed to interface persons at telephone calling terminals directly with a computer facility. In accordance with such arrangements, computer-generated voice messages prompt callers to provide digital data by actuating the numeric buttons that are conventionally employed for dialing from one telephone terminal to another. Such techniques have been widely used; however, a need exists for expanded operating capabilities, as to accommodate various game formats.
Invention Summary
[0005] In general, the present invention comprises a telephonic-interface system and related processes for selectively utilizing both analog (voice) and digital telephonic communication in a variety of different game formats or programs, as to accommodate a vast number of participants. For example, after approval of a caller (based on telephone number signals) calls are accepted, designations are provided and a voice generator prompts individual callers to provide digital data for a game record. An information acquisition phase may be concurrent or consecutive with respect to an information processing phase. In accordance with various game formats, acquired data is processed to accomplish the functional operations, as for a contest, a lottery, and so on.
[0006] In specific implementations or formats, the system may use various criteria as a basis for awarding credits or points to callers, e.g. interrelated processing or processing with external data, source or random. Formats may make awards for proper responses, as question answers. Also, time may be introduced as a factor in relation to awards. Questions to callers may be variously selected, as from memory banks classified with varying orders of difficulty. Also, progressive stages of play may be invoked in a format to selectively access certain awards during a single call or a series of calls to isolate subsets and sub-subsets of callers. In that regard, award points may be tallied and accessible in a cache memory for prompt accounting reports. Thus, point accounts may be reported, individually or relatively.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0007] In the drawings, which constitute a part of this specification, exemplary embodiments exhibiting various objectives and features hereof are set forth, specifically:
[0008] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system constructed in accordance with the present invention;
[0009] FIG. 2 is a fragmentary diagrammatic representation of a storage cell format as may be developed in the system of FIG. 1;
[0010] FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of one operating format of the system of FIG. 1; and
[0011] FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a processor or function unit as may be employed in the system of FIG. 1.
Description of the Illustrative Embodiment
[0012] As required, a detailed illustrative embodiment of the present invention is disclosed herein. However, physical communication systems, data formats, and operating structures in accordance with the present invention may be embodied in a wide variety of forms, some of which may be quite different from those of the disclosed embodiment. Consequently, the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are merely representative; yet in that regard, they are deemed to afford the best embodiment for purposes of disclosure and to provide a basis for the claims herein which define the scope of the present invention.
[0013] Referring initially to FIG. 1, a series of remote telephone-instrument terminals T1 through Tn are represented (left). The terminals are generally similar, and accordingly, only the terminal T1 is shown in any detail. The exemplary telephone terminal T1 is represented to include a hand piece 10 (microphone and earphone) and a panel 12 provided with a rectangular array of push buttons 14 in the conventional configuration. Of course, the hand piece 10 accommodates analog signals while the panel 12 is a digital apparatus. Generally in accordance herewith, the hand piece 10 serves to manifest vocal prompts or cues to the caller.
[0014] In accordance with conventional telephone practice, alphabetic and numeric designations are provided on the buttons 14. For example, several of the buttons 14 carry three letters along with a decimal digit. Specifically, the button designated with the numeral “2 ” also carries the letters “A”, “B ” and “C”. In that manner, the buttons 14 encompass the numerals “0-9”, two symbols, and the alphabet except for the letters “Q” and “Z”. Consequently, the buttons 14 accommodate the entry of decimal data, and to some extent alphabetic data.
[0015] The buttons 14, designated with symbols and “*” and “#”, along with the numeral “0 ” can be used by predetermined assignment to represent the letters “Q” and “Z” or any of a variety of other data or command components.
[0016] The remote terminals T1 through Tn represent a multitude of conventional telephone terminals coupled to a communication facility CO that may take the form of a comprehensive public telephone system. In accordance with the present system, the terminals T1-Tn operate through the telephone communication facility CO to be coupled with a central station CS.
[0017] Generally in accordance with the present development, individual callers use the individual telephone terminals T1 through Tn to interface the station CS (in a game format) through the communication facility CO. Depending on individual formats, the data of individual callers may be collected, correlated and tested by the station CS according to programs and external data. As a result, a select subset of the callers may be isolated and identified.
[0018] At any instant of time, the collective interface involving the communication system CO and the processing station CS may involve calls from several thousand of the terminals T1-Tn. Accordingly, the station CS may take the form of a sizable computer or mainframe. Although numerous possible configurations are available, for purposes of convenient illustration and explanation, the central station CS of the disclosed embodiment includes a plurality of audio response units AR1-ARn (left) and cooperating individual processors IP1-IPn (lower right) coupled to receive call data, as through a call distributor (not shown).
[0019] At this stage, some specific aspects of the communication interface are noteworthy. Generally, by telephonic dialing, the communication facility CO couples select terminals T1-Tn to select of the audio response units AR1-ARn. For example, as a result of dialing a specific telephone number at the remote terminal unit T1, the communication facility CO might couple the terminal unit through one of several sets of lines LS1-LSn to the audio response unit AR1. The caller at the terminal T1 accordingly is ultimately interfaced in a game format with the processor IP1.
[0020] From the audio response units AR1-ARn, lines LS1-LSn pass through a switch coupler 22 for select communication with the individual interface format processors IP1-IPn. As indicated above, while the interface processors IP1-IPn are illustrated as separate and distinct units, it is to be understood that various structural processing combinations based on time sharing, parallel processing, compiler techniques, bus technologies and other well known computer techniques may be employed variously to accomplish the objective processing as explained in detail below. As the processors IP1-IPn are similar, only the processor IP1 is shown in any detail in FIG. 1. Note also that various of the structures and functions of the processors IP1-IPn may be incorporated in the units AR1-ARn. Of course, specific arrangements and configurations will likely be implemented based on currently available hardware and software.
[0021] The coupler 22 also is connected to a master control and memory unit 24 which incorporates substantial memory and programmable computing capability. The unit 24 is associatively coupled to: a cache memory 23 (right), a manual terminal 25 (upper left), a question memory bank 27 (upper right), a calling number test unit 29 (lower left) and through a crossbar 26 (below) to the processors P1-IPn. Note that both the function and structure of cache memories for storing current data and crossbars for selectively interconnecting multiple parallel structures are well known in the computer arts. For a detailed description of cache memories and crossbars, see the book, “High-Performance Computer Architecture” by Harold S. Stone, published by Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1987.
[0022] The calling-number test unit 29 (lower left) essentially is a comparator or coincidence device. For example, the unit 29 may take the form of a look-up table for storing negative telephone numbers that are unacceptable. The number received in conjunction with a call, as by automatic number identification (ANI) equipment is supplied through a receiving unit AR1-ARn before the call is “answered”. If addressing the look-up table (negative list) in the test unit 29 with the calling number indicates registration of the number, a busy signal generator 31 is actuated and the involved unit AR1-ARn supplies a busy signal to the caller, declining the call.
[0023] Accordingly, as described in detail below, disqualified calling numbers are rejected before being “answered”.
[0024] As indicated above, the coupler 22 functions as a switch as well known in the prior art to establish line couplings from one of the audio response units (AR1-ARn) to one of the interface processors IP1-IPn. The operation of the coupler 22 is implemented in association with the unit 24 which may be programmed to execute specific control and memory functions as detailed below. Again the division of functions between the unit 24, the units AR1-ARn and the processors IP1-IPn may vary considerably depending on available structures and techniques. Accordingly, the disclosed system is deemed to be merely exemplary.
[0025] Generally, the interface processors IP1-IPn receive basic record data from the unit 24 and current data from the terminals T1-Tn. In a multiple format configuration, operating program data either may be initially developed in the processors IP1-IPn or supplied from the unit 24. In any exemplary format, a packet of data is assembled in one of the processors IP1-IPn during an interface with one of the terminal units T1-Tn. After being organized in a cell, the data packet may be stored in the unit 24 for subsequent use. Accordingly, an inventory of game participants is developed with their data cells available for repeated use. Concurrently, significant data, as for example data relating to the highest current game scores, may be abstracted in the cache memory 23 for prompt reporting.
[0026] Of the wide variety of operating formats and game applications accommodated by the present system, it will be apparent that certain elements have reoccurring significance in various combinations. Specifically, such elements include: (1) utilizing the called telephone number to select a specific operating format, (2) screening or selecting callers who will be accepted based on various criteria including received telephone numbers (ANI, DNIS) for screening before call acceptance (going off hook), (3) designating callers, as with manually or automatically provided telephone number data or computer-generated designations to enable subsequent positive identification, (4) providing a selection of cues (questions) for callers as from data banks of various difficulty levels, (5) enabling callers to specify degrees of risk (points), (6) relating response data (answers) to time as a further criterion, (7) using external data (random or source) for processing caller data to isolate a subset (or series of subsets) as by interrelated or independent processing, and (8) accumulating caller scores over a substantial period with key data abstracted for easy access (cache).
[0027] With respect to the data processing aspects, exemplary elemental features include the utilization of external data not available during the interval of gathering data, the utilization of an interrelationship between the composite data collected during a data acquisition period, and the utilization of time or sequence as a criterion to determine a subset.
[0028] In the development of data cells, current data is provided from the master control and memory unit 24 and the question memory 27 for interfacing a caller. Specifically, as indicated above, the unit 24 incorporates a memory for storing individual caller cells addressed by caller identification. Accordingly, records are created and maintained on individual callers indicative of identification, qualification and the results of participation in a game of games.
[0029] For use in association with various games, the question memory 27 incorporates a plurality of question banks Q1-Qn, each storing questions of different classification as with respect to difficulty. For example, the question bank Q1 may store relatively easy questions, with the level of difficulty progressively increasing through the question banks to the bank Qn. Accordingly, the master control and memory unit 24 may be actuated in accordance with a format to select questions of a predetermined character by designating a specific one of the banks Q1-Qn. Consider some specific operations as may be implemented with respect to the question memory 27. A telephone number alone may designate a specific question bank Q1-Qn, for example, the number being either “called” or “calling” and provided automatically (ANI, DNIS) or manually.
[0030] In a more elaborate example, telephone numbers provided automatically may be compared with telephone numbers provided manually to access a select question bank Q1-Qn only in the event of coincidence. Also, telephone numbers may be used in logic combinations with other data to select a question bank Q1-Qn. To consider some examples, a simple application might eliminate a bank of questions used previously in an interface with a calling number. Alternatively, banks may be eliminated if used previously for either or both of an automatically provided number and a manually provided number. Of course, inconsistent numbers might also prompt further programmed inquiries.
[0031] The selection of a question bank also may be based on other data, as data generated during an interface. For example, questions of progressive orders of difficulty may be propounded as a sequence interrupted by a incorrect answer.
[0032] Returning to the structure of the master control and memory unit 24 and its related operations, data cells DS are stored for each caller and may involve a format as illustrated in FIG. 2. Specifically, a block 52 is indicated to represent a field for a caller's established identification. A block 53 carries a computer-generated designation for the caller. A block 54 indicates a prohibition field designating a caller either as being totally prohibited or prohibited with respect to certain game formats. As indicated above, a negative list of prohibited callers may alternatively or also be stored as a look-up table.
[0033] The balance of the data cell DS is dedicated to game format sections G1-Gn. In FIG. 2, three exemplary game sections are illustrated. Specifically, in a game section GI, designated field 55 carries a call record (times, questions, answers and awards), a field 56 indicates a caller's current award record, and a field 58 indicates a caller's status. Generally, variations or duplicates of the fields 55, 56 and 58 are provided in game sections G2-Gn for alternative game formats. Games may vary widely with caller data processed accordingly. For example, caller data may be processed individually or in interrelated patterns, as with reference to external data (random or source) to establish winners as subsets or progressive subsets.
[0034] To consider a specific example, a format now will be described wherein television viewers participate in a game show for prizes. Along with expanding participation of television viewers in a program, the format also has the potential of expanding general program interest.
[0035] Game shows for the exemplary format may take any of a wide variety of different forms in which studio contestants compete for prizes. However, in utilizing the system of the present invention to involve remote participants, it may be desirable to preliminarily qualify and designate callers. Specifically, prior to participating in a game, interested participants might interface the system as depicted in FIG. 1. In the course of an exchange, a data cell is initiated for each caller in the unit 24. The initial fields 52, 53 and possibly 54 are accordingly loaded.
[0036] With preregistration, at the time of participation, callers are qualified, initially by avoiding a negative list then by presence on a positive list, as by reference to an assigned memory cell. Thereafter, the interface data is received to supplement prior data. For example, a caller might select a studio audience participant with whom the caller is to be allied. The interface operation essentially may involve a voice generator in the associated audio response unit, e.g. unit ARI (FIG. 1) receiving cue signals from the processor IP1 to activate the remote telephone unit T1 to speak an instruction: “If you wish to play with Player No. 1, please push button No. 1; if you wish to play with Player No. 2, please push button No. 2. . . and so on”. The caller also may be instructed to indicate the extent of a wager (points at risk). For example, “Push the number button indicating the points you wish to risk”.
[0037] The received participant data or computed result data is stored in the active processor IP1 for return to an assigned cell in the unit 24. Scores are compared or otherwise interrelated between individual processors IP1-IPn to provide an abstract of key data in the cache memory 23. For example, the highest scores may be stored so that caller reports may cover a participant's score as well as indicating the significance of that score to others. A report message might state: “Your score is now 537. The highest score is 641 and the average score is 316. Good luck.” Thus, individual accounts can be given for each of the calling participants dependent upon their success in association with a studio player. Thus, after an interval of play, the processing units, as the unit 92 (FIG. 4), may isolate a subset of scores in the cache memory 23. Of course, various arrangements may be provided ultimately for rewarding a select subset of winners or persons qualified for play at a higher level.
[0038] As explained, the above format generally involves a real-time game show with an on-line operating format. A somewhat similar format may involve non-real-time operation and in that sense, callers may interface the system of the present invention before and after the show; however, not primarily during the show. As examples, such a game format might involve: a quiz for callers based on their ability to perceive and remember occurrences within the show, a word game (Scrabble) or any of a multitude of games involving knowledge, time, random events and so on.
[0039] As indicated above, a multitude of game formats may be executed based on an elemental operating process hereof as will now be considered with reference to FIG. 3. An initial operation involves caller identification and format selection. As indicated above, caller identification may have been previously established or may be established preliminarily in the course of a call to participate in a game. Caller identification may involve telephone terminal data as provided by ANI telephone equipment. Also, the designation of a specific format at the central station CS may be commanded on the basis of the called telephone number (may be provided by DNIS telephonic equipment). Thus, in certain instances, the caller identification and the format selection may occur with no conscious involvement by the caller. These operations are represented by the block 70 in FIG. 3.
[0040] With the identification of a caller, as represented in FIG. 3, the next step involves approving the caller for participation as represented by the query block 72. For example, callers might be tested in relation to negative or positive lists, personal identification numbers may be checked, a use-rate calculator may be involved or a caller may be tested or qualified with respect to various payment schemes. Accordingly, individual callers are ultimately either approved or disapproved.
[0041] As indicated above, calls that are determined to be unqualified based on ANI signals may be rejected without completing a communication circuit, i.e. “answering”. Otherwise, callers disapproved from the test block 72 receive a termination message as represented by the block 73. The termination procedure may be variously formed, as with a spoken message or signals prompting the caller to hang up.
[0042] Approved callers encounter the next step in the process as represented by the block 74 involving the selection of a desired class of questions. Of course, specific formats may vary widely; however, as a simple example, with correct answers, a caller might be given questions in an increasing order of difficulty. Alternatively, orders of difficulty may be related to individual calls for participation in the game. As still another possibility, orders of difficulty may be related to a scale of risk, reward or be the choice of the caller. In any event, determining an order of difficulty prompts the master control and memory unit 24 (FIG. 1) to draw a stored question from a select one of the memory banks Q1-Qn. Thus, a question is selected in a process step as indicated by a block 75 (FIG. 3).
[0043] Selected questions are tested as indicated by a query block 76. For example, selected questions may be compared with previous questions propounded to a caller (stored in the field 55) so as to avoid duplications. If a question is determined to be duplicative, or otherwise inappropriate, the process returns to the step of block 75 for the selection of another question.
[0044] With the selection of an approved question, the process proceeds to the next step of determining the risk to be undertaken by the caller (block 77). For example, a caller may be instructed to indicate the extent of a wager. Specifically, the Q might be: “Please push the number button indicating the points you wish to risk”. As represented in FIG. 3 by the block 77, the step establishes a degree of risk for the caller.
[0045] With the degree of risk determined and the question selected, the question is vocalized to the caller as indicated by block 78. Typically, the question may be answered by depressing a button or buttons 14 (FIG. 1) at the remote terminal T1. For example, “What are the initials of the fourth President of the United States?”
[0046] With the posing of a question, a time clock is checked as indicated by the block 79 for determining the interval between question and correct answer. A query block 80 represents the determination of whether or not a correct answer is received. If a correct answer is not received, the operation advances to a query block 82: “Game End?” as discussed below.
[0047] A correct answer advances the process from the step of the block 80 to a step represented by a block 83, i.e. of accumulating the award points. The step of the block 83 involves the determination of a correct answer (block 80) and the time required for the correct answer (block 79). A combination of time and the correct answer resolves the award points that are accumulated with any prior or existing point total as represented by the block 83. The resulting total is announced to the caller in a step illustrated by block 84. As explained above, the announcement may refer to comparative significant scores. As a part of a winning step in the process, the caller may be placed in direct vocal communication with an operator. Specifically, the unit 24 (FIG. 1) couples the call to the terminal 25 and supplies related prompting data for display.
[0048] The step of announcing a total point count to a caller advances the process to the query represented by block 82, i.e. determine whether or not the game phase has ended. If the game phase has ended, the process proceeds to the termination step as indicated by the block 73 (upper right). If the game phase has not ended, the process returns to the block 74, involving the preliminary step of selecting a question. Of course, the game may involve one or several questions during the course of each telephone call. At the end of a game phase, the data is returned to the unit 24 as for processing or future retrieval during another game phase.
[0049] The process as illustrated in FIG. 3 is executed in the system of FIG. 1 by an association between one of the processors IP1-IPn and the master control and memory unit 24 along with the question memory 27. Considering the processor IP1 generally, with the qualification of a call, a data cell for the caller is established in a data store 90 in the processor IP1. Somewhat similarly, the game format for the call is set in a control unit 92 within the processor IP1.
[0050] Also, with the operation of setting up the processor IP1, the master control and memory unit 24 functions with the question memory 27 and a specific one of the question banks Q1-Qn to isolate an operative question that is stored in a question unit 94 of the processor IP1. The select question is propounded to the caller through the coupler 22 and an audio response unit, e.g. unit AR1. Cued by the question (audio), the caller is expected to key in an answer to provide digital response data. Upon the occurrence of a correct answer, a point accumulator 96 (processor IP1) in combination with a clock 98 (processor IP1) determines a point award that is accumulated in the caller data store 90. Thus, the process proceeds until the call is terminated with the possibility of the caller acquiring points according to the predetermined operating format.
[0051] The components of the processor IP1 are shown in FIG. 4 arranged and inter coupled for operation. Note that similar identification numerals appear in FIGS. 1 and 4.
[0052] To treat an illustrative operation comprehensively with reference to FIGS. 1 and 4, again assume an exemplary format that is associated with a television broadcast. Specifically, after watching the broadcast of a television show (possibly a serial episode) the participant actuates the push buttons 14 at one of the remote terminals T1-Tn to accomplish an interface communication with the select operating format. For example, the caller may actuate the buttons 14 for the station number “1-900-555-7777” to identify the game format of current description.
[0053] With the responsive operation of the communication facility CO, the caller is coupled to an audio response unit, e.g. unit AR1. A further connection is made from the audio response unit AR1 through the coupler 22 to the unit 24.
[0054] Operating through the communication facility CO, one of the audio response units AR1-ARn, the coupler 22 and the master unit 24, the initial contact may be variously implemented. For example, a call signal as provided to a select audio response unit ARI may include representations of the caller's number and, accordingly, access a data cell on the caller. A general negative file may be carried in the master unit 24.
[0055] Recognizing the various possibilities, assume that at the outset of the interface, a voice generator in the audio response unit AR1 is actuated by the unit 24 to greet the caller. For example, the caller might be greeted: “Thank you for calling XYZ Company to participate in the XYZ Game”.
[0056] As explained above, the caller may be variously qualified, for example, in a format to determine if the caller is registered, has a proper identification or has a key number. In any event, at some stage of operation, the master unit 24 provides the data cell for the caller to the processor IP1 which is stored in the caller register 90 (FIG. 4). As suggested above, if no data exists on the caller, the operating format may variously qualify or condition the caller with the result that data is established for the caller as indicated in FIG. 2.
[0057] In executing the specific process of a format, the control unit 92 (FIG. 4) provides timing signals t1-t6 to sequence specific components. Generally, the individual operations attendant each of the timing intervals (manifest by the high level of a binary signal) are as follows:
| Interval | |
|---|---|
| or Signal | Function |
| t1 | store tentative question |
| t2 | check tentative question |
| t3 | register question and determine risk points |
| t4 | operative question exchange interval (cue and response) |
| t5 | award points |
| t6 | accumulate points-and store |
[0058] To consider the overall operation as related to structure, the master unit 24 (FIG. 1) operates with one of the audio response units AR1-ARn initially to establish criterion for selecting a question. The criterion may involve the status of the caller, the sequence of the format, the nature of the game, or any of various other considerations. However, it is important to appreciate that the question memory 27 (FIG. 1) incorporates a multitude of banks Q1-Qn each of which contains questions serving different criteria, e.g. different levels of difficulty. Essentially, each question within each of the banks Q1-Qn is addressed by a specific designation which also indicates a class of question.
[0059] Upon the selection of a class of question, a specific tentative question is identified and an identification code is placed in a question identification storage 101 (FIG. 4) contained within the question unit 94. Accordingly, the identified question is tested against previous questions posed to the caller. Specifically, the record of the caller's data cell (FIG. 2) includes identification of prior questions posed. The identifications of those questions are sequentially supplied from the register 90 (FIG. 4) to a comparator 103 that is also coupled to the store 101. If a coincidence occurs, a signal is provided from the comparator 103 to the control unit 92 commanding the master unit 24 (FIG. 1) to select another tentative question. The test operation is then repeated as indicated by the block 76 in FIG. 3.
[0060] If no coincidence is detected between the prior and the tentative question, the comparator 103 (FIG. 4) provides a signal to a buffer 107 for accepting the question. Specifically, upon approval of a question, the master unit 24 (FIG. 1) addresses the select memory bank (Q1-Qn) to supply the selected question through the crossbar 26 and the control unit 92 (FIG. 4) to be registered in the buffer 107.
[0061] Concurrently with the operation of selecting a question for a specific interface, the system determines the degree of risk involved with the question. Specifically, as explained above, the caller may interface the master unit 24 through one of the audio response units AR1-ARn to establish points at risk, the value of which is represented by signals supplied through the crossbar 26 (FIG. 1) to the control unit 92 (FIG. 4) and set in a risk points buffer 111. Accordingly, with the degree of risk established (buffer 111) and the question established (buffer 107) the system proceeds to cue the caller with the select question.
[0062] The caller's answer is reduced to a digital format as a result of actuating the keys 14 at the remote terminal. Accordingly, digital signals are provided through the communication facility CO and the audio response unit ARI to the coupler 22 interfacing the processor IP1. Within the processor IP1, the control unit 92 tests the answer while metering the time required for the answer. Typically, the timing will be in terms of seconds. The control unit determines whether or not the answer is correct and if so, the amount of time required for the answer. As a result, factors may be determined as by the use of a simple look-up table. For example, if a correct answer is provided within two seconds, a factor of “3.0” may be formulated. A correct answer within five seconds might produce a factor of “2.5” while a correct answer within seven seconds produces a multiplier factor of “2.0”.
[0063] Signals representative of the multiplier factor are provided from the control unit 92 to a multiplier 113 that is also coupled to receive signals representative of the risk points from the buffer 11. Accordingly, the value of the risk points is multiplied by the determined factor to produce a product supplied to the point accumulator 96 to be added to the residual value. Accordingly, a fresh accumulation is determined. Of course, if the correct answer is not provided, the multiplier 113 is dormant with the consequence that the caller is left with the residue of points in the accumulator 96 remaining after withdrawing the points-at-risk.
[0064] After each cycle of processing a question, the accumulated points may be announced to the caller simply by actuating the audio response unit ARI. As indicated above with respect to FIG. 3, when the game is concluded, the call is terminated in accordance with a predetermined subformnat.
[0065] In relation to the disclosed embodiment, it may be seen that the system affords certain distinct features important with respect to interface operation. Specifically, the provision of a plurality of data banks within a question memory accommodates various formats for question selection, e.g. order of difficulty, format state, geographic location and so on. Also, the feature allowing a caller to determine the points at risk affords considerable flexibility of operation with attendant caller participation. The feature incorporating time as a criterion for awards also affords considerable flexibility in formulating effective game formats.
[0066] Furthermore, depending on the detailed operation of the system, individual data packets for cells of callers afford an effective technique for accumulating data over a progressive game period. In a related context, qualification of callers is significant in general and particularly noteworthy in relation to declining select calls before “answering”.
[0067] In view of the above description, it will be apparent that the system of the present invention may be effectively used in telephonic interfaces to accommodate flexibility and control by a caller in accordance with a predetermined format. Although the disclosed embodiment is directed to a game operation, it will be apparent that the system may be variously embodied to accommodate a wide variety of telephonic interface operations. Furthermore, it will be apparent that while the disclosed embodiment comprises specific elements and configurations, any of a variety of structures might well be utilized. Accordingly, the scope hereof is deemed to be as set forth in the claims below.
Claims
Post-issuance certificates present
The text shown below may not reflect later post-issuance changes.
What is claimed is:
1. A process for determining the acceptability of calls and executing formats in association with a communication facility including remote terminal apparatus for individual callers, wherein said remote terminal apparatus includes a telephonic instrument with voice communication means and digital input means in the form of an array of alphabetic, numeric buttons for providing data, said process including the steps of:
receiving associated telephone number signals upon the instance of a call from one of said remote terminal apparatus;
testing said associated telephone number signals with respect to stored negative data to determine the acceptability of said call from said one of said remote terminal apparatus as indicated by an acceptability signal;
accepting said call from said one of said remote terminal apparatus conditioned on said acceptability signal;
interfacing via said communication facility to accepted calls to provide voice signals for cueing callers and receiving responsive digital data in accordance with a select format; and
testing at least certain of the responsive digital data against stored positive data to determine if further voice signals for cueing callers should be provided.
2. A process according to claim 1 wherein said step of receiving associated telephone number signals includes receiving data represented by number identification signals provided automatically by said communication facility to indicate called or calling numbers.
3. A process according to claim 1 wherein said step of testing is accomplished prior to accepting said call whereby audio communication is not established for calls that are not accepted.
4. A process according to claim 1, further comprising the step of:
transferring calls for which no acceptability signal is received to a manual terminal for direct communication.
5. A process according to claim 1, wherein the select format is selected from plurality of formats based on dialed number identification signals automatically received from the communication facility.
6. A process according to claim 1, wherein the stored negative data includes a list of unacceptable numbers.
7. A process according to claim 6, wherein the responsive digital data include identification data entered by the callers and the callers are further qualified based on the caller identification data.
8. A process according to claim 7, wherein the identification data includes social security number data for the callers.
9. A process according to claim 4, wherein an operator enters data at the manual terminal.
10. A process according to claim 4, further comprising the step of:
storing at least a portion of the data entered by the operator.
11. A system for determining the acceptability of calls and executing certain operations of telephonic formats in association with a communication facility including remote terminal apparatus for individual callers, wherein said remote terminal apparatus includes a telephonic instrument with voice communication means and digital input means in the form of an array of alphabetic, numeric buttons for providing data, said system comprising:
mean for receiving associated telephone number signals upon the instance of a call from one of said remote terminal apparatus;
means for testing said associated telephone number signals with respect to stored negative data to determine the acceptability of said call from said one of said remote terminal apparatus as indicated by an acceptability signal;
means for accepting said call from said one of said remote terminal apparatus conditioned on said acceptability signal;
means for interfacing said communication facility to provide voice signals for cueing callers and receiving responsive digital data in accordance with a select format to accepted calls; and
testing at least certain of the responsive digital data against stored positive data to determine if further voice signals for cueing callers should be provided.
12. A system according to claim 11, further comprising:
a manual terminal to which calls are transferred for which no acceptability signal is received.
13. A system according to claim 11, wherein the select format is selected from a plurality of formats based on dialed number identification signals automatically received from the communication facility.
14. A system according to claim 11, wherein the stored negative data includes a list of unacceptable numbers.
15. A system according to claim 14, wherein the responsive digital data includes identification data entered by the callers and the callers are further qualified based on the caller identification data.
16. A system according to claim 15, wherein the identification data includes social security number data for the callers.
17. A system according to claim 12, wherein an operator enters data at the manual terminal.
18. A system according to claim 12, further comprising:
storing at least a portion of the data entered by the operator.
19. A system according to claim 16, wherein the associated telephone number signals are received automatically from the communication facility (ANI).
20. A method for determining the acceptability of calls and executing certain operations of telephonic formats in association with a communication facility including remote terminal apparatus for the individual callers, wherein said remote terminal apparatus includes a telephonic instrument with voice communication means and digital input means in the form of an array of alphabetic, numeric buttons for providing data, including the steps of:
receiving associated telephone number signals automatically provided by the communication facility upon the instance of a call from one of said remote terminal apparatus;
testing said associated telephone number signals with respect to stored data to determine the acceptability of said call from said one of said remote terminal apparatus; and
selectively providing one or more cues to said one of said remote terminal apparatus and providing at least one cue depending upon the associated telephone number signals for said call from said one of said remote terminal apparatus in accordance with a select format.
21. A method according to claim 20, further comprising the step of:
testing said associated telephone number signals against stored negative telephone numbers that are unacceptable.
22. A method according to claim 20, further comprising the step of:
transferring said call to a manual terminal based on a condition and displaying data relating to said caller.
23. A method according to claim 20, wherein the select format is identified from one of a plurality of formats based on dialed number identification signals automatically provided by the communication facility.
24. A method according to claim 20, wherein at least one cue indicates on-going accounting data during said call.
25. A method according to claim 20, further comprising the step of:
receiving digital data in accordance with the select format responsive to at least one cue.
26. A method according to claim 25, further comprising the step of:
further testing and qualifying callers based on a one time use test.
27. A method according to claim 25, wherein the callers are further qualified based on the associated telephone number signals or caller identification data entered as digital data responsive to the cue or both.
28. A method according to claim 27, wherein the caller identification data is social security data.
29. A method according to claim 27, further comprising the step of:
transferring said call to a manual terminal for direct communication.
30. A method according to claim 29, wherein data for a caller is entered at the manual terminal.
31. A method according to claim 22, wherein the displaying of the data relating to the caller is based on the associated telephone number signals relating to the call.
32. A method according to claim 22, wherein the data relating to the caller includes caller entered data.
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- “Use of Dialogic T-1 In Operator Service Applications”, Dialogic Corporation, Application Note, pp. 1-6.Applicant
- “Use of Dialogic T-1 In Telephone Company Networks”, Dialogic Corporation, Application Note, pp. 1-10.Applicant
- “Use of Dialogic T-1 Equipment in CPE Gateways”, Dialogic Corporation, Application Note, pp. 1-4.Applicant
- “Integrating Analog Devices into Dialogic-Based T-1 Voice Processing Systems”, Dialogic Corporation, Application Note, pp. 1-16.Applicant
- “Use of Dialogic Components in Automatic Number Identification (ANI) Systems”, Dialogic Corporation, Application Note, pp. 1-16.Applicant
- “Dialogic Unit Pricing”, pp. 1-6.Applicant
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- A page (page 4) from an annual report dated Mar. 1, 1989, though the actual date on which the report was distributed to the public is unknown.Applicant
- An early brochure based on a Mar. 1989, survey by Charles Schwab & Co, Inc.Applicant
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- Guncheon, M.C., “The Incredible Dial-A-Message Directory”, Contemporary Books, Inc., 1985-(Directory).Applicant
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- “Western Union Voice Message Service User's Guide”, Western Union, Jul. 1984-(Brochure).Applicant
- “PSA's 24 Hour reservation system”, PSA, Sep. 1986-(Brochure).Applicant
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- “The Most Respected Name In Telemarketing”, West Interactive Corporation-(2 Brochures).Applicant
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- “Actor Promotes Phone Services,” Hammond Louisiana Star, Aug. 23, 1984 (A21708860).Applicant
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- “AT&T; AT&T Announces New Software Enhancements,” Business Wire, Feb. 10, 1987 (A21707782).Applicant
- “AT&T Announces New Software Enhancements for its PBX,” PR Newswire, Feb. 10, 1987 (A21707779).Applicant
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- “AT&T Inaugurates Pay-Per-View TV,” Bell Laboratories Record, Jan. 1986 (A21708191) repeated (A21716664).Applicant
- “AT&T's Digital MERLIN,” Telecommunications Product Review, vol. 13, No. 7, Jul. 1987 (A21724743).Applicant
- “AT&T's Flagship System 75: A Comprehensive Analysis of the System 85's ‘Little Cousin’,” Telecommunications Product Review, vol. 11, No. 7, Jul. 1984 (A21724612).Applicant
- “AT&T Forms Unit to Sell Synthetic Speech Systems,” Wall Street Journal, Sep. 10, 1985 (A01354689).Applicant
- “AT&T Plans Computer Unit,” The New York Times, Sep. 10, 1985 (A01354690).Applicant
- “AT&T; Showtime's Viewer's Choice, Viacom Cable and AT&T to Test Pay-Per-View Ordering System,” Business Wire, Dec. 5, 1985 (A21708103).Applicant
- “AT&T Sports Service,” PR Newswire, Sep. 24, 1980 (A21710432).Applicant
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- “Automated Switchboard Attendant Helps Insuance Company Control Net Expenses,” Communications News, Jul. 1985 (A21726011).Applicant
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- Bakke, Bruce, B., “GTE's ‘Voice Mailboxes’ Page the World,” U.P.I., Apr. 11, 1983 (A21713359).Applicant
- Barbetta, Frank, “AT&T Offers Digital PBX Enhancements,” Electronic News, vol. 30, Nov. 5, 1984, p. 69 (A21708967).Applicant
- Barbetta, Frank, “Custom Functions Offered in New AT&T Co. Package,” Article Source Unknown (A21726008).Applicant
- Barkauskas, B. J., et al., “Network Services Complex: A Generalized Customer Interface to the Telephone Network,” IEEE International Conference on Communications, Conference Record, vol. 2, Jun. 1983, p. 805 (A21725715).Applicant
- Barlin, David, “Switch-Hitter: A Data Man's Guide to the World of Voice,” Data Communications, Oct. 1984, p. 114 (A21708926).Applicant
- Basso, Richard J., et al., “Expanding the Capabilities of the ! Traffic Service Position System,” Bell Laboratories Record, Feb. 1983, pp. 22-27 (A21724556).Applicant
- Belcher, Jerry, “Earthquakes in Mexico; U.S. Relief Includes Hardware, Experts; Cash Aid Suggested,” Los Angeles Times, Sep. 22, 1985 (A21708026).Applicant
- “Bell Files Tariffs on CO-Based Switching System in PA.,” Communications, Date Unknown (A21725944).Applicant
- Bell Laboratories Record, Aug. 1984, Cover Page and Table of Contents (A21708811).Applicant
- The Bell System Technical Journal, May-Jun. 1982 (A21709814).Applicant
- Excerpt from The Bell System Technical Journal, Oct. 1980, pp. 1384-1395.Applicant
- Bertoglio, O., et al., “An Interactive Procedure for Voice Messaging Services in a Traditional Network,” CSELT Technical Reports, vol. 12, Supplement 10, No. 3, Jun. 1984 (A21708755).Applicant
- Bingham, Sanford, “Groceries By Phone,” Inbound/Outbound, Aug. 1988 (A21725728).Applicant
- “Some Tips on Integration,” Inbound/Outbound, Aug. 1988 (A21725731).Applicant
- Black, Philip, “How ISDN Services Could Make or Break the Big Network,”Data Communications, Jun. 1984, p. 247 (A21708771).Applicant
- “‘Blast’from Data Systems Runs Under DG's AOS/VS,”Computerworld, May 3, 1982, p. 38 (A21724423).Applicant
- Booker, Ellis, “How to Save Big Bucks on Phone Calls,” Computer Decisions, vol. 16, Nov. 15, 1984, p. 16 (A21708983).Applicant
- Borchering, J. W., et al., “Customized Switching Systems,” ISS ‘84 Florence, May 1984, Session 14 A, Paper 4, pp. 1-5 (A21725533).Applicant
- Bowling, Tom, “Pay TV: A Pay-Per-Minute System Prototype,” Television: Journal of the Royal Television Society, Mar.-Apr. 1984, pp. 79-83 (A21724588).Applicant
- Brady, Erik, “Players, Fans Get Back in the Swing,” USA Today, Date Unknown (A21706710).Applicant
- Brady, Erik, “Resentful Fans Verbally Strike Back,” USA Today, Date Unkown (A21706709).Applicant
- Brooke, Jill, “A Hi-Tech Interactive TV Service is Planned,” New York Post, Jan. 20, 1989 (A01331148).Applicant
- Brown, Jim, “Contracts; Rolm Wins College Bid,” Network World, Mar. 9, 1987, p. 4 (A21707859).Applicant
- Brown, Jim, et al., “ICA Preview; AT&T May Steal Show,” Network World, May 6, 1986, p. 1 (A21708473).Applicant
- Brown, Jim, “PBX Market; Rolm Beefs up CBX Line Capacity,” Network World, Feb. 9, 1987, p. 4 (A21707777).Applicant
- Brown, Jim, “VMX 5000 Series; Voice Messager Debuts,” Network World, Oct. 13, 1986, p.6 (A21706653).Applicant
- Brown, Jim, “Voice Mail; Rohm to Accounce New Low-Cost Phonemail,” Network World, Feb. 2, 1987 (A21707763).Applicant
- Buckhout, Wayne, “Columbus-Born AT&T Computer Listens, Talks and Shows Promise,” Article Source Unknown, Sep. 10, 1985 (A01354692).Applicant
- Bulfer, Andrew F., et al., “A Trial of a National Pay-Per-View Ordering and Billing System,” NCTA, 1986 (A21724669).Applicant
- Burstyn, H. Paris, “Phone Features: The Next Wave,” High Technology, Jun. 1986 (A21726009).Applicant
- Capital Cities/ABC Video Enterprises, Inc. Teams with FDR Interactive Technologies to Explore Applications for New Telephone Technology, Capital Cities/ABC, Inc. Broadcast Group, Jan. 19, 1989 (A01331147).Applicant
- Carlson, Rolf, et al., “Text-To-Speech conversion in Telecommunications,” Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Human Factors in Telecommunications, Jun. 1983, pp. 239-245 (A21725801).Applicant
- Press Release, PR Newswire, Dec. 5, 1985 (A21708106).Applicant
- Chapin, Dwight, “A Kids' Game,” Article Source Unknown (A21706674).Applicant
- Charlish, Geoffrey, “Telephone Message that Failed to Get Across to the U. K.,” Financial Times, Jan. 16, 1986 (A21708203).Applicant
- Collins, Francis R., “Reality of Equal Access: Implementation Problems,” Telephone Engineer & Management, vol. 88, Sep. 1, 1984, p. 128 (A21708884).Applicant
- “Company News: Phone Service to be Tested,” The New York Times, Jan. 20, 1989 (A01331395).Applicant
- “Components,” Electronic News, 1984 (A21726007).Applicant
- “Computerized Telecommunications Switching Systems,” Article Source Unknown.Applicant
- Connolly, James, “Republican Convention Set to Test Telecommuncations,” Computerworld, Jul. 9, 1984, p. 17 (A21708804).Applicant
- Conroy, Cathryn, “Audiotex Arrives,” Monitor, Date Unknown (W71189).Applicant
- “Corporate Preoccupation with Costs Spurs Telephone Management Sales,” Computerworld Focus, May 14, 1986, p. 13 (A21708457).Applicant
- Cox, John D., “Talk Into Telephone, Command a Computer,” The Sacramento Bee, Sep. 10, 2985 (A01354683).Applicant
- “CPU, PBX Vendors Drawings Alliances,” Computerworld, Apr. 23, 1984, p. 15 (A21708674).Applicant
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- Croxall, L. M., et al., “Operational Experience with the 5ESS™ Switch,” ISS Florence, Session 42 A, Paper 4, May 1984 (A21725550).Applicant
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- Curtis, Janice, “At a Turning Point, VMX Makes Moves to Boost Voice Messaging Business,” Dallas Business Courier, vol. 2, No. 13, Section 1, Jul. 14, 1986, p. 19 (A21706328).Applicant
- Daniel, Heidi C., “Inventor Battles Computer Giants,” South Florida Business Journal, Aug. 12, 1985 (A21707969).Applicant
- Press Release, Communications Daily, vol. 4, No. 177, Sep. 11, 1984, p. 7 (A21708903).Applicant
- Danner, Patrick, “Dial Info Charges Electronics Giant Disconnected Deal,” San Francisco Business Times, vol. 2, No. 33, Apr. 18, 1988 (A21724767).Applicant
- Excerpt from Data Communictions, Sep. 1985, pp. 399-410 (A21707991).Applicant
- Davis, Judith R., “Voice Messaging Systems,” Patricia Seybold's Office Computing Report, vol. 10, No. 9, p. 1-28 (A21716964).Applicant
- Day, J. F., et al., “Networking Voice and Data with a Digital PBX,” AT&T Technology, Date Unknown (A21707584).Applicant
- Whitten, W. B., II, “Advanced Interfaces Speed Delivery of Services,” AT&T Technology, Date Unknown (A21707593).Applicant
- “Definity Announcement Includes Other New Products,” Telecommunications Product Review, vol. 16, No. 3, Mar. 1989 (A2172758).Applicant
- DeLessio, N. X., et al., “An Integrated Operator Services Capability for the 5ESS System,” ISS ‘84 Florence, May 1984, Session 22 C, Paper 3, pp. 1-5 (A21725538).Applicant
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- Putnam, Jane, “Winners,” Contra Costa Sun, Aug. 14, 1985 (A21706705).Applicant
- “Putting an End to Telephone Tag,” ABA Banking Journal, Feb. 1987, (A21707747).Applicant
- Raack, G. A., et al., “Customer Control of Network Features,” ISS ‘84 Florence, May 1984, Session 14 A, Paper 2 (A21725520) repeated (A21725717).Applicant
- Raimondi, Donna, “AT&T Debuts Primary Rate for System 85,” Computerworld, Feb. 23, 1987, p. 41 (A21707806).Applicant
- Rappaport, David M., “Voice Mail: Key Tool or Costly Toy,” Data Communications, Oct. 1986, p. 153 (A21706526).Applicant
- “Redwood by Rolm,” Telecommunications Product Review, vol. 13, No. 6, Jun. 1986 (A21708487).Applicant
- Rees, Norm, “Flexible Voice Response Software Speeds Development for Resellers,” Speech Technology, Mar.-Apr. 1988, pp. 46-49.Applicant
- Results of Lexis Search Request for “Call Interactive,” Date of search Aug. 5, 1996 (A01331399).Applicant
- Rice, Valerie, “AT&T Enters Speech-Processing Business, Names First Customers,” Investor's Daily, Sep. 10, 1985 (A01354684).Applicant
- Riederer, S. A., “Conversant VIS Means Business,” AT&T Technology, vol. 5, No. 4 (A21711986).Applicant
- Rangnekar, S., et al., “AT&T Voice Mail Service,” AT&T Technology, vol. 5, No. 4 (A21711992).Applicant
- “Ring System; Provides District of Columbia with Automatic Number and Location Identification to Aid in Emergency Services Response,” Business Wire, Aug. 7, 1986 (A21706396).Applicant
- Press Release, PR Newswire, Mar. 3, 1986 (A21708338).Applicant
- Rippeteau, Jane, “‘Smart’Way to Get Message Across,” Financial Times, Jun. 12, 1986 (A21708502).Applicant
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- “Rolm; Links PhoneMail to IBM VM Host,” Business Wire, May 5, 1986 (A21708447).Applicant
- “Rolm; Rolm Announces PhoneMail Network,” Business Wire, Feb. 9, 1987 (A21707775).Applicant
- “Rolm; Rolm Awarded Major contract by Columbia University,” Business Wire, Mar. 2, 1987 (A21707855).Applicant
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- Roman, David R., “Building Up Your Personal Computer; Part II: Data-Input Devices,” Computer Decisions, vol. 16, Mar. 1984, p. 110 (A21708630).Applicant
- Rosenbaum, Art,“This ‘Maniac’Spreads His Loot Around,” San Francisco Chronicle, Jul. 24, 1986 (A21706875).Applicant
- Rosinski, R. R., “Uses of AT&T Speech Processing Technology,” AT&T Technology, vol. 5, No. 4, Date Unknown, pp. 4-5 (A21723940).Applicant
- Ruhl, H. W., et al., “Sprein-A Voice I/O Mail Order System with Telephone Access, ” Article Source Unknown.Applicant
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- Press Release, PR Newswire, Sep. 17, 1985 (A21708022).Applicant
- Schindler, Paul E., Jr., “AT&T Talking up Conversant 1 Unit,” Information Week, Sep. 16, 1985 (A21723912).Applicant
- Schinke, David, “Speaker Independent Recognition Applied to Telephone Access Information Systems,” Speech Tech ‘86, 1986 (A21718178).Applicant
- Schulman, Henry, “AT&T Device: Talk to Computer By Phone,” The Oakland Tribune, Sep. 10, 1985 (A0354685).Applicant
- Schumaker, Robert M., Jr., “Phone-Based Interfaces: Research and Guidelines,” Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 36th Annual Meeting, 1992, pp. 1051-1055.Applicant
- Schwartz, Jeffrey, “IBM Enhances Voice Processing,” Article Source Unknown (A01346375).Applicant
- Schwartz, P., et al., “JISTEL 500-Time Division Exchange Including voice and Data with Voice Messaging,” ISS ‘84 Florence, May 1984, Session 21 A, Paper 6, pp. 1-4.Applicant
- Scully, Sharon, “Product News; Saturn PBX Revamped,” Network World, May 19, 1986, p. 4 (A21708470).Applicant
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- “Select List of Telecommunications Providers,” The Magazine of Bank Management, Aug. 1986, p. 32 (A21706373).Applicant
- Semilof, Margie, “High-End Voice/Data PBXs: Voicing Doubts about Data,” Network World, Mar. 31, 1986, p. 65 (A21708354).Applicant
- “Senate Panel Meets Today; C&P Objects to House Decision Awarding Telephone Contract to AT&T-IS,” Communications Daily, vol. 5, No. 238, Dec. 10, 1985, p. 4 (A21708112).Applicant
- Session No. 13-Contemporary Developments in Addressability and Pay-Per-View, Pay-Per-View Conference, Apr. 28, 1985, p. 21 (A21707196).Applicant
- Sharma, Ranjana, “PBX Users Benefit from Vitality of ACD Market,” Network World, Oct. 17, 1988 (A21712686).Applicant
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- Shepherd, John, et al., “Managed Recorded Information Services-An Overview,” British Telecommunications Engineering, vol. 11, Apr. 1992, pp. 7-13.Applicant
- Shimizu, Hiroshi “Advanced Credit Call Service,” Japan Telecommunications Review, Oct. 1986, pp. 247-250.Applicant
- Press Release, PR Newswire, Dec. 5, 1985 (A21708108).Applicant
- Siragusa, Gail, “Voice Mail Takes Off: Send and Receive Messages by Phone,” Administrative Management, vol. 47, Apr. 1986, p. 43 (A21708393).Applicant
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- Stern, Aimee, “Cable Operators Fight Back; Pay-Per-View TV,” Dun's Business Month, vol. 129, Feb. 1987 (A21707748).Applicant
- Stewart, Alan, “Signaling Changes for Interconnects; NATA 86 Trade Show,” Telephone Engineer and Management, vol. 90, Dec. 15, 1986, p. 72 (A21707569).Applicant
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- Stoffels, Bob, “REA Takes its Show on the road: Engineering and Management Seminars,” Telephone Engineer & Management, vol. 88, May 15, 1984, p. 129 (A21708746).Applicant
- “Strike Three,” S. F. Progress, Aug. 7, 1985 (A21706708).Applicant
- Strom, David, “Telephone or MIS Managers: Who Flips the PBX Switch; Management and Use of New communications Technology; Connectivity-Focus on LANs,” PC Week, vol. 4, Feb. 17, 1987, p. C1 (A21707798).Applicant
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- Telephony, Sep. 29, 1980 (A217116447).Applicant
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- Tetschner, Walt, “PC-Based Voice Processing Software Tools,” Speech Technology, Mar.-Apr. 1988, pp. 42-45.Applicant
- Tetschner, Walt, “The Voicetek VTK 90 Voice Computer,” Speech Technology, Mar.-Apr. 1987, pp. 102-106.Applicant
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- Tyson, David O., “Voice Mail Technology Streamlines Bank Telephone Messaging Services,” The American Banker, Oct. 15, 1986, p. 13 (A21706655).Applicant
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- “VMX, Inc. Adds Internal Revenue Service to Voice Message (SM) Users,” Southwest Newswire, Feb. 8, 1984 (A21708587).Applicant
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- “VMX, Inc. Announces First Quarter Results,” Southwest Newswire, Oct. 18, 1985 (A21708063).Applicant
- “VMX, Inc. Announces Landmark Approval of first Voice Message System in Japan,” Southwest Newswire, Jun. 1, 1984 (A21708776).Applicant
- “VMX; (VMXI) AT&T Tops List of Seven License Agreements Granted in Third Quarter,” Business Wire, Sep. 9, 1986 (A21706457).Applicant
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- “VMX, Inc. Provides First Voice Message (SM) Systems to Three Bell Operating Companies,” Southwest Newswire, Dec. 11, 1984 (A21709007).Applicant
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- “VMX; (VMXI) Voice Messaging Leader VMX, Inc. Launches New Generation Technology with VMX(R) 5000 Series,” Business Wire, Oct. 7, 1986 (A21706650).Applicant
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- Voice Mail Brochure, Radio-Suisse Ltd., Date Unknown (W70172).Applicant
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- Voice Processing-The New revolution, Proceedings of the International Conference, Jul. 1986 (A21722980).Applicant
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- Wallace, Bob, “All Voice Systems Are Not Alike,” Network World, Sep. 14, 1987 (A21712240).Applicant
- Wallace, Bob, “Comnet '87; AT&T Announces ISDN Interface for System 85,” Feb. 16, 1987 (A21707796).Applicant
- Walters, R.E., et al., “Voice Processing Systems in British Telecom,”British Telecommunications Engineering, vol. 9, Jul. 1990, pp. 88-97.Applicant
- Warner, Edward, “Bank's Speech Synthesizers Greet Financiers'Calls with Daily Balance,” Computerworld, Oct. 22, 1984, p. 6 (A21708937).Applicant
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- Watt, Peggy, “Republicans Ready for High-Tech: GOP Convention will Feature Voice Message System,” InfoWorld, Aug. 27, 1984 (A21708862).Applicant
- Weinstein, Bob, “Stock Exchange Gets News by Phone,” Inbound/Outbound, Oct. 1988, pp. 39-46 (A21725744).Applicant
- Weinstein, Bob, “Stopping the Broker's Bottleneck,” Inbound/Outbound, Nov. 1988, pp. 22-23 (A21725753).Applicant
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- Wood, Lamont, “Will New Alliances Forge better Links?Private Branch Exchange Vendors Merge with Computer Firms,” Computer Decisions, vol. 18, Jul. 29, 1986, p.40 (A21706353).Applicant
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- Complete Issue of Voice News, vol. 4, No. 9, Oct. 1984 (A21708913).Applicant
- Complete Issue of Voice News, vol. 6, No. 7, Jul./Aug. 1986 (A21706303).Applicant
- Complete Issue of Voice News, vol. 7, No. 2, Feb. 1987 (A21707730).Applicant
- Complete Issue of Voice News, vol. 7, No. 3, Mar. 1987 (A21707834).Applicant
- Complete Issue of Voice News, vol. 7, No. 5, May 1987 (A21714110).Applicant
- Complete Issue of Voice News, vol. 7, No. 10, Oct. 1987 (A21724749).Applicant
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