US 6,496,839 B2Grant
Persistent names for logical volumes
Issue Date:2002-12-17
•38 Claims
•6 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
Persistent names for logical volumes in a computer system are used to enable symbolic links between the persistent names and non-persistent device names that identify the logical volumes to the lower layers of the operating system during a single boot session. A persistent unique mount name for each logical volume is associated with a unique volume identifier for the logical volume in a persistent mount manager data structure. Optionally a persistent drive letter can be assigned to the volume. Higher layers of the operating system and user applications address a volume through the persistent mount name as well as any assigned drive letter. When the system is rebooted, the data structure entries identified by the unique volume identifiers of the arriving logical volumes are used to reconstruct the symbolic links so that references to the persistent mount name, and optional drive letter, will resolve to the correct non-persistent device name, thus guaranteeing consistency in addressing the logical volumes across boot sessions. When the system undergoes physical reconfiguration, an existing persistent mount name is associated with a different non-persistent device name if the unique volume identifier is present in the data structure. In this fashion, logical volumes can be removed and restored in the computer without the knowledge of higher layers of the operating system and user applications. Optionally, an in-memory data structure is created from the persistent data structure to increase the speed of the identification process.
Metadata
Assignee
- Microsoft Corporation
Inventors
- Luis Felipe Cabrera
- Norbert P. Kusters
Application Information
Application Number:US 09/096,540
Filing Date:1998-06-12
Priority Date:1998-06-12
Art Unit:7
Classifications
IPC:
C06F 1200
Field of Search:
713 1713 2713100710 10
Patent Drawings (6 sheets)
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0002] This application is related to the co-assigned and co-filed U.S. patent applications titled “Logical Volume Mount Manager” (U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/096,772) and “Persistent Volume Mount Points” (U.S. Pat. No. 6,119,131), which are hereby incorporated by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0003] This invention relates generally to computer storage device configuration, and more particularly to providing persistent names to logical volumes mounted in a computer system.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0004] Most operating systems associate a logical unit of mass storage with a device name, such as a physical hierarchical name (\device\harddisk0\partition1\), and a user-friendly name, such as a drive letter, so that the data on the storage device can be easily accessible by the higher layers of the operating system and user applications. The higher layers of the operating system and user applications assume that the user-friendly names are persistent across boot sessions. In actuality, the names are persistent only as long as the physical configuration of the computer does not change. Persistence cannot be guaranteed because such operating systems assign the user-friendly names in the order in which the storage devices are detected when booting. When the physical locations of the storage devices change, these operating systems will assign the user-friendly names to different devices. Therefore, the consistency of name assignments across multiple boot sessions is not preserved under all circumstances, and the higher operating system layers and user applications will be unable to access the data on the devices without modification.
[0005] Furthermore, most operation systems support a fixed number of user-friendly names so the number of logical units addressable through user-friendly names is limited.
[0006] Therefore, there is a need in the art for an operating system that provides persistent user-friendly names despite physical configuration changes and extends the number of user-friendly names.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The above-mentioned shortcomings, disadvantages and problems are addressed by the present invention, which will be understood by reading and studying the following specification.
[0008] Unique volume identifiers for logical volumes are used to associate logical volumes created from compute system storage devices with persistent “redirected” user-friendly mount names and optional drive letters which are used by higher layers of the operating system and user applications. Information regarding the redirected names is stored a persistent data structure based on the unique volume identifier. There is an entry in the data structure containing the mount name and the unique volume identifier for a logical volume so that the mount name persists across boot sessions. If the logical volume is assigned a drive letter, there is a similar entry for the drive letter that also contains the unique volume identifier. Because the operating system addresses a logical volume through a non-persistent device name, symbolic links are created between the device name and the mount name, and any optional drive letter, when the logical volume is first identified during a boot session so that the higher layers of the operating system and user applications can access the logical volume through the persistent mount name and/or drive letter.
[0009] When the physical configuration of the computer changes, the device name changes but the unique volume identifier does not. The unique volume identifier is used to locate the appropriate mount name and/or drive letter in its data structure and a new symbolic link is created with the new device name so that the symbolic link resolves the mount name and/or drive letter to the correct logical volume under all circumstances.
[0010] Because the logical volume is identified through its unique volume identifier and is not reliant on the devices being located in any particular order in the system, or being discovered in any particular order during the boot process, or being present only during the boot process, changes in the physical configuration of the computer between boots, or during a boot session, have no effect on the higher layers of the operating system and user applications which rely on the redirected name. Thus, the level of indirection provided by the invention guarantees that the higher layers of the operating system and user applications will be able to access data on a logical volume for the life of the logical volume without modifications. Furthermore, because the logical volume is always accessible through its mount name, the invention extends the finite set of drive letters commonly available in operating systems.
[0011] In one aspect of the invention, a data structure is described that contains the unique volume identifiers and the persistent redirected names. In another aspect of the invention, a mount manager is described that creates and maintains the data structure.
[0012] The present application describes computer systems, methods, and computer-readable media of varying scope. The mount manager is variously described as causing the processor of a computer to perform certain actions, as a series of steps executed from a computer-readable medium, and in terms of its interaction with objects and other system components in an object-based operating system. However, the invention is equally applicable in environments which provide for associating the unique volume identifiers, the persistent names, and the logical volume without requiring a separate mount manager or the particular data structures described in the present application. In addition to the aspects and advantages of the present invention described in this summary, further aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent by reference to the drawings and by reading the detailed description that follows.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the hardware and operating environment in conjunction with which embodiments of the invention can be practiced;
[0014] FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating a system-level overview of an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
[0015] FIG. 2B illustrates a mount manager data structure for use in the exemplary embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 2A;
[0016] FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D are flowcharts of method to be performed by a computer system according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention; and
[0017] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a particular embodiment of the invention in a Microsoft Windows NT environment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0018] In the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific exemplary embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that logical, mechanical, electrical and other changes may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims.
[0019] The detailed description is divided into five sections. In the first section, the hardware and the operating environment in conjunction with which embodiments of the invention may be practiced are described. In the second section, a system level overview of the invention is presented. In the third section, methods for an exemplary embodiment of the invention are provided. In the fourth section, a particular Microsoft Windows NT 5.0 implementation of the invention is described. Finally, in the fifth section, a conclusion of the detailed description is provided.
Hardware and Operating Environment
[0020] FIG. 1 is a diagram of the hardware and operating environment in conjunction with which embodiments of the invention may be practiced. The description of FIG. 1 is intended to provide a brief, general description of suitable computer hardware and a suitable computing environment in conjunction with which the invention may be implemented. Although not required, the invention is described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer, such as a personal computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types.
[0021] Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced with other computer system configurations, including hand-held devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and the like. The invention may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.
[0022] The exemplary hardware and operating environment of FIG. 1 for implementing the invention includes a general purpose computing device in the form of a computer 20, including a processing unit 21, a system memory 22, and a system bus 23 that operatively couples various system components, including the system memory 22, to the processing unit 21. There may be only one or there may be more than one processing unit 21, such that the processor of computer 20 comprises a single central-processing unit (CPU), or a plurality of processing units, commonly referred to as a parallel processing environment. The computer 20 may be a conventional computer, a distributed computer, or any other type of computer; the invention is not so limited.
[0023] The system bus 23 may be any of several types of bus structures including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. The system memory may also be referred to as simply the memory, and includes read only memory (ROM) 24 and random access memory (RAM) 25. A basic input/output system (BIOS) 26, containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within the computer 20, such as during start-up, is stored in ROM 24. The computer 20 further includes a hard disk drive 27 for reading from and writing to a hard disk, not shown, a magnetic disk drive 28 for reading from or writing to a removable magnetic disk 29, and an optical disk drive 30 for reading from or writing to a removable optical disk 31 such as a CD ROM or other optical media.
[0024] The hard disk drive 27, magnetic disk drive 28, and optical disk drive 30 are connected to the system bus 23 by a hard disk drive interface 32, a magnetic disk drive interface 33, and an optical disk drive interface 34, respectively. The drives and their associated computer-readable media provide nonvolatile storage of computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules and other data for the computer 20. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that any type of computer-readable media which can store data that is accessible by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, digital video disks, Bernoulli cartridges, random access memories (RAMs), read only memories (ROMs), and the like, may be used in the exemplary operating environment.
[0025] A number of program modules may be stored on the hard disk, magnetic disk 29, optical disk 31, ROM 24, or RAM 25, including an operating system 35, one or more application programs 36, other program modules 37, and program data 38. A user may enter commands and information into the personal computer 20 through input devices such as a keyboard 40 and pointing device 42. Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 21 through a serial port interface 46 that is coupled to the system bus, but may be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, game port, or a universal serial bus (USB). A monitor 47 or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus 23 via an interface, such as a video adapter 48. In addition to the monitor, computers typically include other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers and printers.
[0026] The computer 20 may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as remote computer 49. These logical connections are achieved by a communication device coupled to or a part of the computer 20, the local computer; the invention is not limited to a particular type of communications device. The remote computer 49 may be another computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a client, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above relative to the computer 20, although only a memory storage device 50 has been illustrated in FIG. 1. The logical connections depicted in FIG. 1 include a local-area network (LAN) 51 and a wide-area network (WAN) 52. Such networking environments are commonplace in offices, enterprise-wide computer networks, intranets and the Internet.
[0027] When used in a LAN-networking environment, the computer 20 is connected to the local network 51 through a network interface or adapter 53, which is one type of communications device. When used in a WAN-networking environment, the computer 20 typically includes a modem 54, a type of communications device, or any other type of communications device for establishing communications over the wide area network 52, such as the Internet. The modem 54, which may be internal or external, is connected to the system bus 23 via the serial port interface 46. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the personal computer 20, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storage device. It is appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of and communications devices for establishing a communications link between the computers may be used.
[0028] The hardware and operating environment in conjunction with which embodiments of the invention may be practiced has been described. The computer in conjunction with which embodiments of the invention may be practiced may be a conventional computer, a distributed computer, or any other type of computer; the invention is not so limited. Such a computer typically includes one or more processing units as its processor, and a computer-readable medium such as a memory. The computer may also include a communications device such as a network adapter or a modem, so that it is able to communicatively couple to other computers.
System Level Overview
[0029] A system level overview of the operation of an exemplary embodiment of the invention is described by reference to FIGS. 2A-B. FIG. 2A shows one embodiment of a logical volume mounting subsystem 200 that operates as a component of a computer operating system executing in a computer such as local computer 20 or remote computer 49 in FIG. 1. The physical media, such as hard disk drive 27 in local computer, contains one or more logical volumes. The process of associating a logical volume with the appropriate underlying physical media is commonly referred to in the art as “mounting” the logical volume on the physical media. The logical volume must be mounted before the data on the physical media can be accessed.
[0030] The logical volume mounting subsystem 200 shown in FIG. 2A comprises a mount manager 201 and a persistent mount manager data structure 203, and is responsible for associating user-friendly “redirected” names, used by the higher layers of the operating system and user applications, with mounted logical storage volumes 207, 208, and 209 so that the data on the underlying physical devices can be accessed through the redirected names. In FIG. 2A, the redirected names are shown as drive letters, such as commonly used by personal computer applications, and mount names which have the same format as a drive letter. The redirected names are not limited to the address format shown in FIG. 2A but are adaptable to the various formats of user-friendly names prevalent in all operating systems, as will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art. In the embodiments described herein, the unique volume identifiers and “redirected” mount names are stored in persistent data structure that is created and maintained by a mount manager. The mount manager is shown and described for the sake of clarity in understand the invention but the invention can be practiced in any environment which provides the functions necessary to manage the unique volume identifiers, the redirected mount names, and the associations with the logical volumes.
[0031] The operating system 205 creates the logical volumes 207-209 from removable or fixed physical media devices, such as the hard disk drive 27. Each logical volume is identified by a unique volume identifier, such as 994 for logical volume 207, which is stored on the physical device, or devices, which make up the logical volume, and which is guaranteed to be unique on the particular computer. Each logical volume is also assigned a device name, such as Vol1 for logical volume 207, during the boot process. The device name can change across boot sessions but is unique for a particular boot session.
[0032] The mount manager data structure 203 is maintained by the operating system 205 with other configuration data so that it is persistent across boot sessions. The operating system 205 presents each logical volume 207-209 to the mount manager 201 in the order in which the operating system 205 locates each logical volume in the computer when the computer is booted. The mount manager 201 queries each logical volume 207-209 for its device name and unique volume identifier. The mount manager 201 searches the mount manager data structure 203 to find an entry that contains the unique volume identifier for the logical volume 207-209.
[0033] As shown in FIG. 2A, the unique volume identifier 991 for logical volume 207 appears in entries 211 and 215 in the mount manager data structure 203. Entry 211 contains a drive letter redirected name “\DosDevices\C:\” for logical volume 207. “\DosDevices\” represents the root level of a specific namespace within the global namespace of the operating system and functions as the entry point for addressable logical volumes within the specific namespace. While “\DosDevices\” indicates a Microsoft Windows 32-bit type user namespace, the invention is not limited to any particular type of namespace as will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art.
[0034] Entry 215 contains the mount name redirected name “\??\volume{GUID1}” which can be used to address the logical volume 207. The mount name is in the same user-friendly format as the drive letter with “\??\” being synonymous with \DosDevices\ and GUID1 representing a globally unique identifier that is generated by the operating system. Therefore, the mount manager 201 informs the operating system 205 of the associations between the drive letter and the device name, and the mount name and the device name for logical volume 207. The operating system 205 creates a logical, symbolic link between each redirected name and the device name, and maintains those links in a symbolic link data structure 219. Similarly, the mount manager 201 causes the operating system 205 to create symbolic links between the device name Vol3 and the redirected names, “\DosDevices\E:\” and “\??\volume{GUID3},” and the device name Vol2 and the redirected names “\DosDevices\D:\” and “\??\volume{GUID2},” when logical volumes 208, 209, respectively, are presented to it.
[0035] Because the unique volume identifier 998 for logical volume 209 is associated with the drive letter redirected name “\DosDevices\D:\” in the persistent mount manager data structure 203, logical volume 209 will be always be assigned the same drive letter even if the logical volume 209 is presented to the mount manager 201 after the logical volume 208 which is associated with the drive letter redirected name “\DosDevices\E:\.” The order in which the logical volumes are presented is dependent upon the order in which they are detected by the operating system 205 so the order changes if the underlying physical devices are rearranged in the computer between boots. The device name of the logical volumes also change when the physical configuration changes. Because the mount manager data structure 203 depends on the unique volume identifiers rather than the device names to identify the logical volume, the mount manager data structure 203 ensures consistency between the mount names and/or drive letters and the logical volumes across boot sessions regardless of the underlying physical configuration of the computer or the order in which the devices are recognized as long as the logical volume is valid.
[0036] When a new logical volume is introduced into the system, the mount manager 201 creates an entry in the data structure 203 and a mount name for the logical volume. The mount manager 201 also searches the data structure 203 for an available drive letter redirected name to assign to the logical volume unless instructed otherwise. The mount manager 201 inserts the unique volume identifier into the data structure 203 entry for the next available drive letter, and requests that the operating system 205 create the symbolic link for the association.
[0037] If no drive letters are available, or if the logical volume is not to be assigned a drive letter, the mount name ensures that the logical volume is addressable by higher layers of the operating system and user applications. The redirected name(s) for the logical volume can be stored on the physical device, or devices, that make up the logical volume so they can be recalled if queried.
[0038] If a logical volume is permanently deleted from the system, the operating system 205 notifies the mount manager 201 which deletes the corresponding entries from the data structure 203 and breaks the symbolic links. However, if the logical volume is only removed temporarily, as illustrated by logical volume 209 in FIG. 1, the mount manager 201 only breaks the corresponding symbolic links.
[0039] As shown in phantom in FIG. 2A, if the logical volume 209 is re-introduced in the same boot session, the device name, Vol4, is different because a device name is used only once during a boot session, but the mount manager 201 finds the entries 212, 216 in the data structure 203 based on the unique volume identifier 998. Because the entries are present, the mount manager 201 requests that the operating system re-establish the corresponding symbolic links.
[0040] Thus, the volume mounting subsystem 200 guarantees that symbolic links will always resolve to the correct logical volume, both during a boot session and across multiple boot sessions, during the life of the logical volume.
[0041] In an alternate embodiment of the logical volume mounting subsystem, the mount manager 201 copies the persistent mount manager data structure into memory so that the time required to mount logical volumes and to detect configuration changes during a boot session is decreased. The in-memory data structure is, by its nature, non-persistent across boot sessions and is recreated during the boot process.
[0042] One embodiment of an in-memory mount manager data structure 231 is shown in FIG. 2B. The in-memory mount manager data structure 231 has been created from the persistent mount manager data structure 203 illustrated in FIG. 2A. Each entry 233 in the in-memory mount manager data structure 231 is composed of three fields: a redirected name field 235, a unique volume identifier field 237, and a device name field 239. The redirected name field 235 and the unique volume identifier field 237 are copied from the persistent mount manager data structure 203 upon system boot. As each logical volume is presented to the mount manager 201, the mount manager 201 stores the boot session device name in the appropriate device name field 239 in the in-memory mount manager data structure 231.
[0043] When logical volume 209 is temporarily removed from the system, its device name, Vol2, is deleted from the appropriate entries 233 in the mount manager data structure 231 but the unique volume identifier 998, is maintained in the data structure 231. Thus, when logical volume 209 is re-introduced into the system and assigned the new device name, Vol4, the mount manager 201 is able to identify it as a logical volume that it was previously present, update the data structure 231 appropriately, and re-establish the corresponding symbolic links.
[0044] In an alternate embodiment, the in-memory mount manager data structure is an identical copy of the persistent mount manager data structure without the device name field 239.
[0045] The system level overview of the operation of an exemplary embodiment of the invention has been described in this section of the detailed description. A mount manager and supporting data structures enable consistent identification and addressing of logical volumes despite physical configuration changes for the life of the logical volumes. The mount manager also supplies a user-friendly mount name to each logical volume which can be used by higher layers of the operating system and user applications when the logical volume is not assigned a drive letter. While the invention is not limited to any particular arrangement of data in the data structures or any particular user-friendly format for the redirected names, for sake of clarity exemplary embodiments of persistent and in-memory data structures and redirected names have been illustrated and described.
Methods of an Exemplary Embodiment of the Invention
[0046] In the previous section, a system level overview of the operation of an exemplary embodiment of the invention was described. In this section, the particular methods performed by a computer executing an exemplary embodiment is described by reference to a series of flowcharts. The methods to be performed by a computer constitutes computer programs made up of computer-executable instructions. Describing the methods by reference to a flowchart enables one skilled in the art to develop such programs including such instructions to carry out the methods on suitable computers (the processor of the computers executing the instructions from computer-readable media). The methods are illustrated in FIGS. 3A-D and are inclusive of the steps or acts required to be taken by the mount manager 201 operating in the environment shown in FIGS. 2A-C. As discussed in the previous section, the mount manager and data structures described in the section are included for ease in explaining the methods of the invention and should not be taken as limiting the use of the persistent volume mount points to only the embodiment described herein.
[0047] Referring first to FIG. 3A, when the computer is booted, the mount manager 201 creates the in-memory data structure 231 from the persistent mount manager data structure 203 (step 301). Upon initial boot of the computer, the persistent mount manager data structure 203 contains only drive letter redirected names as no logical volumes have yet been configured in the system. Upon subsequent boots, the persistent mount manager data structure 203 contains drive letters, persistent mount names, and unique volume identifiers for the logical volumes that were not known to be permanently deleted from the system when it was shut-down.
[0048] After initializing its in-memory data structure 231, the mount manager 201 waits for notification from the operating system 205 that a logical volume has been detected in the computer (step 303). When the notification arrives, either during the boot process or during the boot session, the mount manager 201 queries the volume for its unique volume identifier and its boot session device name (step 305). The mount manager 201 uses the unique volume identifier to search the in-memory data structure 231 for a matching entry (step 307). If a matching entry is found (step 309), the mount manager 201 checks the entry to determine if any redirected name has been previously assigned to the volume (step 311).
[0049] If the entry contains a redirected name(s), the mount manager 201 updates the in-memory data structure 203 with the device name at step 315, and causes the operating system 205 to create a symbolic link between the redirected name(s) and the boot session device name (step 317). Thus, the redirected name(s) used by the higher layers of the operating system 205 and user applications are preserved across boot sessions, even though the device names may change when the physical configuration of the computer is modified. In an alternate embodiment in which the in-memory data structure does not contain the device name field, the mount manager 201 skips step 315, as both the in-memory and persistent data structures already contain the correct unique volume identifier and redirected name(s) (illustrated by a phantom logic flow path in FIG. 3A).
[0050] When a logical volume is introduced into the system, either during a boot or during a boot session, if the entry does not contain redirected name(s) (step 311) as discussed above, then the mount manager 201 queries the logical volume for its “desired” redirected name(s) (step 313) and updates the corresponding entries in the data structures 203, 231 with the device names and/or redirected name(s) as appropriate. The mount manager 201 then requests the creation of the symbolic links (step 317).
[0051] If there is no existing data structure entry that matches the unique volume identifier (step 309), the mount manager 201 creates an entry for the logical volume (step 319) by inserting the unique volume identifier in an empty entry. The mount manager 201 creates a persistent mount name the new logical volume (step 313). If requested to do so by the operating system 205, the mount manager 201 also assigns the next available drive letter to the new logical volume at step 313. The mount manager 201 informs the logical volume of the assigned redirected name(s) so they can be stored for later use. The mount manager data structures 203, 231 are updated with the redirected name(s) (step 315), and the corresponding symbolic links created (step 317).
[0052] The mount manager 201 is also notified by the operating system 205 when a logical volume is temporarily removed from the computer as shown in FIG. 3B. All symbolic links associated with the logical volume are retired (step 321). The mount manager data structures 203, 231 are updated (step 323) by deleting the device name for the logical volume from all the entries associated with the logical volume. The unique volume identifier is maintained in the entries to detect the re-introduction of the logical volume (refer to step 309 in FIG. 3A).
[0053] The mount manager 201 also provides for deleting the symbolic links and mount manager data structure entries associated with a logical volume as illustrated in FIG. 3C. When requested to do so by the operating system, the mount manager 201 retires the corresponding symbolic links (step 327), and deletes the unique volume identifier, device name, and persistent mount name for the logical volume from all the appropriate entries in the mount manager data structures 203, 231 (step 329). The operating system makes this request when a logical volume is permanently deleted from the system but the operating system can also make the request without deleting the logical volume. However, if the logical volume is not deleted and is currently being accessed by a higher-layer application, only the data structure entries are deleted (step 325). The symbolic link(s) are maintained so that the applications can continue to access the data on the logical volume.
[0054] FIG. 3D illustrates the query function of the mount manager 201. The operating system 205 queries the mount manager 201 regarding a mounted logical volume by passing the symbolic link name, the unique volume identifier, or the boot session device name of a logical volume to the mount manager 201 at step 331. The mount manager 201 searches its in-memory data structure, if present, or its persistent data structure (step 333) and returns the corresponding entry if one is found (step 337). If no entry matches the search criteria, the operating system 205 is so informed (step 339). If the device name is used as the search criteria and there is no in-memory data structure, or if the in-memory data structure does not contain the device name, the mount manager 201 uses the symbolic link to determine the redirected name in order to perform the search.
[0055] The methods performed by a mount manager of an exemplary embodiment of the invention have been described with reference to a series of flowcharts illustrated in FIGS. 3A-C, including all the steps from 301 until 339 shown therein. In particular, the methods of associating user-friendly drive letter and mount names with logical volumes, and the management of such associations have been described.
Microsoft Windows NT 5.0 Implementation
[0056] In this section of the detailed description, a particular implementation of the invention is described that executes as part of the Microsoft Windows NT 5.0 operating system kernel. In the implementation illustrated in FIG. 4, the mount manager 401 and four other kernel modules work together to provide a user with access to data stored on a physical storage device 411 (shown as a fixed hard disk): a plug and play manager 403, an object manager 405, a partition manager 407, and at least one volume manager 409.
[0057] The mount manager 401 is not limited to use with only devices that adhere to the partition manager and volume manager architectures described below. The mount manager 401 will manage any device which registers with the plug and play manager 403 which has some mechanism for reporting a device name and a unique identifier that is persistent between boots. The partition manager 407 and the volume manager 409 are shown and described for the sake of clarity in understanding the invention.
[0058] As described above, the mount manager 401 is responsible for associating redirected names with unique volume identifiers for logical volumes so that higher layers of the operating system and user applications can easily access the data on the logical volume. In the NT 5.0 embodiment, the mount manager 401 persistent data structure is stored in the NT registry. Alternate embodiments in which the persistent data structure is stored in non-volatile memory, such as battery-backed RAM or flash memory, will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art and are contemplated as within the scope the invention. The mount manager 401 also builds an in-memory data structure from the persistent data structure to decrease the time required to react to configuration changes in the system. In FIG. 4, data structure 441 is representative of both the in-memory and persistent data structures.
[0059] Because NT 5.0 is an object-based operating system, every device, either physical, logical, or virtual, within the system is represented by a device object. The objects are organized into a device hierarchy in a global namespace controlled by the object manager 405. The object manager 405 is also responsible for creating and maintaining symbolic link objects which serve as aliases for named device objects. The mount manager redirected name is represented in the namespace by a symbolic link object which contains the non-persistent device name of the corresponding logical volume. Thus, an “Open” command operating on a redirected name symbolic link object is the same as an “Open” command on the logical volume device object having the device name contained in the symbolic link object.
[0060] The partition manager 407 is responsible for handling device objects associated with logical divisions, partitions 412, 413, 414, and 415, of a physical device 411. The partitions 412-415 are created when the physical device 411 is formatted. The partition 412 comprises the entire physical device 411, while the partitions 413-415 are sub-divisions of the physical device 411. A device driver (not shown) for the physical device 411 “enumerates” corresponding partition device objects 421, 422, 423, and 424 when the computer is booted. The partition manager 407 and at least one volume manager 409 cooperate to create logical volumes from the partitions 413-415. The composition of a logical volume is defined when the physical device is formatted, and can comprise one or more partitions. Additionally, one partition can comprise more than one logical volume. A unique volume identifier for the logical volume is stored in a privileged section of the physical device, or devices, that contain the partitions making up the logical volume. The volume manager, or the device driver in the case of a removable device, responsible for the volume device object generates or determines the unique volume identifier for the logical volume.
[0061] When the partition manager 407 is initialized, it requests notification from the plug and play manager of all volume managers 409 registered in the system. As each volume manager 409 registers, the plug and play system notifies the partition manager 407 which maintains a list of the volume managers 409 ordered by their arrival in the system.
[0062] When the physical device 411 is detected by the plug and play manager 403 upon booting the system, the plug and play manager 403 determines the formatted characteristics of the physical device 411. The plug and play manager 403 loads the appropriate device driver to handle I/O access to the device. The device driver enumerates the partition device objects 421-424 used to access the data. As each partition device object 422-424 not representative of the entire device is enumerated by the device driver, the partition manager 407 “captures” the partition device object 422-424 before the driver registers the object with the plug and play manager 403. The partition manager 407 presents each partition device object 422-424 to the volume managers 409 in the order in which the volume managers 409 arrived in the system. Because each partition device object 424-424 is associated with at least one logical volume, the volume manager 409 responsible for the corresponding logical volume(s) accepts the device object.
[0063] When a volume manager 409 has received a sufficient number of partition device objects corresponding to a particular logical volume, the volume manager 409 assigns a device name to the logical volume and enumerates a volume device object 431-432 for the logical volume containing the device name and the unique volume identifier for the logical volume. In the NT 5.0 embodiment, the device name is guaranteed to be unique only for the life of a boot session, while the unique volume identifier is guaranteed to be unique across multiple boot sessions. A counted string is used as the unique volume identifier in the NT 5.0 environment but a fixed length string can be equally applicable in other operating system environments. The counted string is as long as necessary to uniquely identify the device in the computer across multiple boot sessions. The volume device object 431-432 is stored by the object manager 405 in the device hierarchy by its device name. The volume manager 409 informs the plug and play manager 403 of the creation of the volume device object 431-432.
[0064] Each volume device object 431-432 is presented to the mount manager 401 by the plug and play manager 403. The mount manager 401 queries the volume device object 431432 for its device name and unique volume identifier. Because of the indeterminate length of the unique volume identifier, the volume device object returns a byte count along with the string.
[0065] The mount manager 401 scans its internal data structure 441 (in-memory or persistent) looking for a matching entry for the unique volume identifier of the volume device object 431-432. If none is found, this particular logical volume is new to the system, so the mount manager 401 assigns it a unique persistent mount name as described above, and creates an entry for the logical volume in the mount manager data structure(s) 441. In the NT 5.0 embodiment, the GUID in the persistent mount name is 16 bytes represented in hexadecimal as xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx. A GUID is comparable to the UUID (universally unique identifier) specified by the Open System Foundation. The \??\ designates the entry point in the global namespace device hierarchy for logical volumes and is synonymous with \DosDevices\. The persistent mount name is generated by a mount manager subroutine called “CreateNewVolumeName.”
[0066] After a new entry is created, or if a matching entry is found, the mount manager 401 requests that the object manager 405 create a symbolic link object to represent the relationship between the device name and the persistent mount name for the logical volume.
[0067] In order to facilitate the assignment of drive letter redirected names to logical volumes, the mount manager data structure(s) 441 contains an entry for each of the twenty-four drive letters assignable to fixed hard disks, i.e., \DosDevices\C:\-\DosDevices\Z:\. The entries are sorted in alphabetical order. Upon the initial boot of the computer, only the logical boot volume is assigned a drive letter (such as \DosDevices\C:\). When a drive letter is requested for a logical volume by the plug and play manager 403, the mount manager 401 assigns the next available drive letter by storing the unique volume identifier in the corresponding entry in the data structure(s) 441. The mount manager 401 requests that the object manager 405 create a symbolic link object representing the association between the drive letter and the volume device name.
[0068] On subsequent boots, each logical device is assigned its previous drive letter if one is present in the data structure(s) 441. If a new logical device is introduced into the system during the boot process, the plug and play manager 403 must request the assignment of a drive letter. On the other hand, a new logical volume that is introduced during a boot session is automatically assigned the next available drive letter.
[0069] The plug and play manager 403 also informs the mount manager 401 when a logical volume will be temporarily removed from the boot session. The mount manager 401 deletes the device names, if present, from the appropriate entries in the data structure(s) 441. The mount manager 401 also causes the object manager 405 to retire the symbolic link objects relating the volume device name and the drive letter and/or persistent mount name.
[0070] If the logical volume is reintroduced into the system during the same boot session, the volume manager 409 will assign a different device name because the device names are guaranteed not to be reused during a boot session, but the unique volume identifier will be the same. Because the mount manager 401 has not deleted the unique volume identifier from the entries in the data structure(s) 441, the mount manager 401 recognizes the logical volume if it is reintroduced and uses the data structure entries to re-create the same symbolic link objects as before so that consistency can be maintained.
[0071] If the logical volume is permanently deleted, its unique volume identifier and persistent mount name are also removed from the data structure(s) 441 and any now-empty entries are freed.
[0072] The partitions comprising a logical volume can change without deleting the volume if the logical volume is a mirrored volume that has been broken or a striped set that has been rebuilt. Under such circumstances, the device name does not change, but the unique volume identifier associated with the logical volume does. The volume manager 409 so informs the mount manager 401 which updates the data structures to reflect the change in the unique volume identifier.
[0073] The mount manager 401 communicates with the logical volume device objects 431-432 through an application program interface (API) having six calls:
[0074] QueryDeviceName (pointer to device object);
[0075] QueryUniqueId (pointer to volume device object);
[0076] QueryDesiredName pointer to volume device object);
[0077] QueryUniqueIdChangeNotify (pointer to volume device object);
[0078] LinkCreated (pointer to volume device object); and
[0079] LinkDeleted (pointer to volume device object),
[0080] where the pointer to a device object is passed to the mount manager 401 by the plug and play manager 403.
[0081] The interface between the mount manager 401 and volume device objects is identified by a GUID called the “mounted_device_GUID.” Any device object that declares support for the mounted_device_GUID must implement at least QueryDeviceName and QueryUniqueld.
[0082] QueryDeviceName and QueryUniqueId return the device name and unique volume identifier for the specified volume device object. QueryDesiredName returns a recommended name for the mount manager 401 to use in the event that the mount manager data structure(s) 441 does not yet contain any entries for the specified volume device object. A physical device that supports QueryDesiredName usually stores the desired name(s) in the same privileged area of the physical device as the unique volume identifier.
[0083] The mount manager 401 uses QueryUniqueIdChangeNotify to determine if the unique volume identifier for the specified logical volume device object has changed. Such a change is usually due to a change in the location for the volume but other circumstances can also cause unique volume identifier to change. The mount manager 401 then updates the unique volume identifier in the data structure entries associated with the device name.
[0084] LinkCreated and LinkDeleted are used by the mount manager 401 to inform the volume device object of the creation and deletion of the redirected names and the symbolic link objects that reference the volume device object. A physical device that supports LinkCreated and LinkDeleted can use the information to update any redirected name(s) it has internally stored.
[0085] The mount manager 401 also provides an API with the plug and play manager 403 for managing the association between unique volume identifiers and the redirected names:
[0086] QueryPoints (drive letter/*, unique volume identifier/*, device name/*);
[0087] DeletePoints (drive letter/*, unique volume identifier/*, device name/*);
[0088] DeletePointsDBOnly (drive letter/*, unique volume identifier/*, device name/*);
[0089] CreatePoint (drive letter, device name);
[0090] NextDriveLetter (device name);
[0091] AutoDriveLetter;
[0092] FindFirstVolume; and
[0093] FindNextVolume (persistent mount name).
[0094] QueryPoints is called by the plug and play manager 403 to retrieve the entry in the mount manager data structure 441 for a logical volume. The plug and play manager 403 specifies the drive letter, the unique volume identifier, or any device name associated with the logical volume as search criteria to be used by the mount manager 401 (* is a “wild card” that matches all entries).
[0095] DeletePoints causes the mount manager 401 to return the corresponding entries from the data structure 441 for a specified volume device object and then perform the deletion steps described above to delete all entries and symbolic link objects associated with the volume device object. If a drive letter for a logical volume is explicitly deleted, i.e., not as the result of a wildcard operation, then an indicator associated with the unique volume identifier is set to alert the mount manager 401 that the logical volume is not to be assigned a drive letter if it is re-introduced into the system. DeletePoints is used when a logical volume is permanently deleted from the system or to disassociate a logical volume from some or all of its existing redirected names even though the logical volume itself is still present in the system. DeletePointsDBOnly operates as does DeletePoints but does not delete the symbolic link object(s). DeletePointsDBOnly is used when a logical volume is not deleted or removed and a user application is currently accessing data on the logical volume.
[0096] CreatePoint causes the mount manager 401 to assign the specified drive letter to a logical volume which previously had its drive letter deleted through either DeletePoints or DeletePointsDBOnly.
[0097] In order to preserve the historical drive letter assignments across boot sessions, the mount manager 401 does not automatically assign a drive letter to a logical volume unless it had previously been assigned a drive letter. Therefore, the plug and play manager 403 uses NextDriveLetter to request that the mount manager 401 assign a drive letter to the logical volume associated with the device name specified in the call. NextDriveLetter returns the current drive letter and an indication of whether a drive letter was assigned. A drive letter cannot be assigned if no drive letter is available or if the logical volume represented by the device name is already assigned a drive letter. The plug and play manager 403 can also use AutoDriveLetter once the historical assignments have been made to request the mount manager 401 assign drive letters to all subsequent logical volumes upon arrival.
[0098] Because the mount manager 401 does not necessarily assign a drive letter to a logical volume, the mount manager 401 provides two calls that enumerate the persistent mount names present in the system. The symbolic link objects can then be used to determine the device name of the associated logical volume. FindFirstVolume returns the persistent mount name found in the first entry in the mount manager data structure 441. FindNextVolume returns the persistent mount name in the entry following the entry containing the specified persistent mount name.
[0099] Thus, the NT 5.0 mount manager and supporting data structures guarantee the same redirected name(s) will be associated with the same logical volume across any number of boots or reconfigurations as long as the logical volume itself remains valid. The persistence of the redirected names guarantees that I/O commands on a redirected name are resolved through the symbolic links to the current device name for the correct logical volume so that the higher layers of the operating system and user applications do not have to be modified when the underlying physical structure of the computer changes. Furthermore, the automatic assignment of user-friendly mount names to logical volumes ensures that the volumes can be addressed by the higher layers of the operating system and user applications even when the volume is not assigned a drive letter.
CONCLUSION
[0100] Persistent redirected names for logical volumes in a computer system have been described which are used to enable symbolic links between the redirected names, which are used by the higher layers of the operating system and user applications, and non-persistent device names that identify the logical volumes to the lower layers of the operating system during a single boot session. Because of the level of indirection provided by the redirected names, the symbolic links can be torn down and rebuilt to point to different device names for the same logical volumes when necessary without requiring modification of the higher layers of the operating system and user applications. Two types of redirected names having a user-friendly format have been described: an automatically assigned mount name and an optional drive letter. Because each logical volume is automatically assigned a mount name, the logical volume is addressable by the higher layers of the operating system and user applications when a drive letter is unavailable or otherwise not assigned to the logical volume. Thus, the invention guarantees configuration consistency across boot sessions of the computer, ensures that access through a redirected name is resolved through the symbolic link to the current device name for the correct logical volume, and extends the number of logical volumes that can be easily addressed by the higher layers of the operating system and user applications.
[0101] Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that any arrangement which is calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the present invention.
[0102] The terminology used in this application with respect to is meant to include all operating system and programming environments capable of implementing the mount manager and supporting data structures as described above. Therefore, it is manifestly intended that this invention be limited only by the following claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims
We claim:
1. A computerized method for extending a finite set of logical volume names comprising:
detecting the creation of a logical volume;
querying the logical volume for a non-persistent device name and a unique volume identifier;
creating a persistent association between the unique volume identifier and a unique mount name if there is no existing association wherein the unique mount name is in a format commonly used by applications to access data on a logical volume; and
linking the mount name to the non-persistent device name so that a reference to the unique mount name accesses data on the logical volume.
2. The computerized method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting the deletion of a logical volume; and
disassociating the unique volume identifier from the mount name for the logical volume.
3. The computerized method of claim 2, further comprising:
unlinking the mount name from the non-persistent device name.
4. The computerized method of claim 1, further comprising:
creating an entry in a persistent data structure containing the unique volume identifier and the mount name for the logical volume.
5. The computerized method of claim 4, further comprising:
creating a non-persistent data structure from the persistent data structure.
6. The computerized method of claim 5, wherein an entry in the non-persistent data structure contains the unique volume identifier, the mount name, and the non-persistent device name for the logical volume.
7. The computerized method of claim 1, further comprising:
supplying, upon request, the unique volume identifier, the mount name, and the non-persistent device name for the logical volume.
8. The computerized method of claim 1, further comprising:
creating a persistent association between the unique volume identifier and a drive letter commonly used by applications to access data on a logical volume if there is no existing association and a drive letter is available; and
linking the drive letter to the non-persistent device name.
9. The computerized method of claim 8, further comprising:
detecting the deletion of a logical volume; and
disassociating the unique volume identifier from the drive letter for the logical volume.
10. The computerized method of claim 9, further comprising:
unlinking the drive letter from the non-persistent device name.
11. The computerized method of claim 8, further comprising:
creating an entry in a persistent data structure containing the unique volume identifier and the drive letter for the logical volume.
12. The computerized method of claim 11, further comprising:
creating a non-persistent data structure from the persistent data structure.
13. The computerized method of claim 12, wherein an entry in the non-persistent data structure contains the unique volume identifier, the drive letter, and the non-persistent device name for the logical volume.
14. The computerized method of claim 8, further comprising:
supplying, upon request, the unique volume identifier, the drive letter, and the non-persistent device name for the logical volume.
15. A computer-readable medium having stored thereon a mount manager data structure comprising:
a first field containing data representing a unique volume identifier for a logical volume;
a second field containing data representing a unique mount name for the logical volume identified by the data in the first field, the unique mount name is in a format commonly used by user applications in accessing logical volumes; and
a third field containing data representing a non-persistent device name for the logical volume identified by the data in the first field.
16. The computer-readable medium of claim 15, further comprising:
a third field containing data representing a drive letter for the logical volume identified by the data in the first field, wherein the drive letter is chosen from a finite set of drive letters commonly used by applications to access data on a logical volume.
17. The computer-readable medium of claim 16, further comprising:
a fourth field containing data representing a non-persistent device name for the logical volume identified by the data in the first field.
18. A computer system comprising:
a processing unit;
a system memory coupled to the processing unit through a system bus;
a computer-readable medium coupled to the processing unit through a system bus; and
a mount manager executed from the computer-readable medium by the processing unit, wherein the mount manager causes the processing unit to create a persistent association between a unique mount name and a unique volume identifier that identifies a logical volume on the computer-readable medium, and establish a symbolic link between the mount name and a non-persistent device name for the logical volume upon each boot of the computer so that a reference to the redirected name is correctly resolved by the processing unit to the logical volume identified by the unique volume identifier and the data on the logical volume can be accessed through the mount name.
19. A computer-readable medium having computer-executable components comprising:
a plug and play manager for detecting the presence of a physical device in a computer system and for assigning a device driver responsibility for controlling access to the physical device;
a partition manager communicatively coupled to the device driver for capturing partition device objects enumerated from the physical device by the device driver, wherein each partition device object corresponds to a portion of the physical device, the partition manager further communicatively coupled to the plug and play manager;
a volume manager communicatively coupled to the partition manager for creating a volume device object from at least one partition device object captured by the partition manager, for assigning a non-persistent device name to the logical volume represented by the volume object, and further communicatively coupled to the plug and play manager for registering the creation of the volume device object, wherein the volume device object comprises the non-persistent device name and a unique volume identifier for the logical volume;
a mount manager communicatively coupled to the plug and play manager for receiving notification of the creation of the volume device object, for establishing a persistent association between the unique volume identifier of the volume device object and a unique mount name, and for establishing a persistent association between the unique volume identifier and a drive letter when requested by the plug and play manager; and
an object manager communicatively coupled to the partition manager, the volume manager, and the mount manager for managing the partition device objects and the volume device object, for creating a symbolic link object for the mount name that causes a reference to the mount name to be redirected to the volume device object, and for creating a symbolic link object for the drive letter that causes a reference to the drive letter to be redirected to the volume device object.
20. A computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions for performing a method for extending a finite set of logical volume names, the method comprising:
detecting the creation of a logical volume;
querying the logical volume for a non-persistent device name and a unique volume identifier;
creating a persistent association between the unique volume identifier and a unique mount name if there is no existing association wherein the unique mount name is in a format commonly used by applications to access data on a logical volume; and
linking the mount name to the non-persistent device name so that a reference to the unique mount name accesses data on the logical volume.
21. The computer-readable medium of claim 20, wherein the method further comprises:
detecting the deletion of a logical volume; and
disassociating the unique volume identifier from the mount name for the logical volume.
22. The computer-readable medium of claim 21, wherein the method further comprises unlinking the mount name from the non-persistent device name.
23. The computer-readable medium of claim 20, wherein the method further comprises:
creating an entry in a persistent data structure containing the unique volume identifier and the mount name for the logical volume.
24. The computer-readable medium of claim 23, wherein the method further comprises:
creating a non-persistent data structure from the persistent data structure.
25. The computer-readable medium of claim 24, wherein an entry in the non-persistent data structure contains the unique volume identifier, the mount name, and the non-persistent device name for the logical volume.
26. The computer-readable medium of claim 25 further comprising freeing an entry in the data structure if the logical volume is permanently deleted.
27. The computer-readable medium of claim 26 wherein freeing comprises removing from the data structure a unique volume identifier and persistent mount name associated with the deleted logical volume.
28. The computer-readable medium of claim 20, wherein the method further comprises:
supplying, upon request, the unique volume identifier, the mount name, and the non-persistent device name for the logical volume.
29. The computer-readable medium of claim 20, wherein the method further comprises:
creating a persistent association between the unique volume identifier and a drive letter commonly used by applications to access data on a logical volume if there is no existing association and a drive letter is available; and
linking the drive letter to the non-persistent device name.
30. The computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein the method further comprises:
detecting the deletion of a logical volume; and
disassociating the unique volume identifier from the drive letter for the logical volume.
31. The computer-readable medium of claim 30, wherein the method further comprises unlinking the drive letter from the non-persistent device name.
32. The computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein the method further comprises:
creating an entry in a persistent data structure containing the unique volume identifier and the drive letter for the logical volume.
33. The computer-readable medium of claim 32, wherein the method further comprises:
creating a non-persistent data structure from the persistent data structure.
34. The computer-readable medium of claim 33, wherein an entry in the non-persistent data structure contains the unique volume identifier, the drive letter, and the non-persistent device name for the logical volume.
35. The computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein the method further comprises:
supplying, upon request, the unique volume identifier, the drive letter, and the non-persistent device name for the logical volume.
36. The computer-readable medium of claim 35 wherein the non-persistent device name is an identifier used by a lower level operating system function for accessing the logical volume.
37. The computer-readable medium of claim 35 wherein the drive letter is an identifier used by an application program for accessing the logical volume.
38. The computer-readable medium of claim 35 wherein supplying the drive letter comprises supplying the drive letter to a higher level operating system function for accessing the logical volume.
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