US 6,468,150 B1Grant
Laminar flow duct cooling system
Issue Date:2002-10-22
•35 Claims
•2 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A redundant cooling system with abatement of noise from cooling fans being used primarily in computer equipment and other boxes housing electronic equipment. Typically either the computer system or box housing electronic components has two parallel side panels, a front panel, and a back panel upon which cooling fans are mounted to draw air across various electronic components and through the box for heat dissipation. The cooling system includes an airflow grille attached to one end of a laminar flow duct and two adjacent cooling fans mounted to the other end of a laminar flow it duct which includes a Venturi opening on the top panel of the laminar flow duct to facilitate laminar flow through the laminar flow duct at a distance before the cooling fans and at a distance after the cooling fans.
Metadata
Assignee
- Network Appliance, Inc.
Inventors
- Daryl J. Langdon
- Robert Robbins
Application Information
Application Number:US 09/823,368
Filing Date:2001-03-30
Priority Date:1998-11-30
Art Unit:7
Classifications
IPC:
H05K 720
Field of Search:
454184361695165 803165122
Patent Drawings (2 sheets)
Description
[0002] This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/203,220 filed Nov. 30, 1998, now allowed now U.S. Pat. No. 6,343,984.
Field of the Invention
[0003] This invention relates to noise reduced computer fan cooling systems.
Background of the Invention
[0004] Personal computers and generic boxes housing electronic components are conventionally cooled by fans mounted to their back panels that blow air across their respective components and transfer heat through convection.
[0005] The design trend towards smaller enclosures packing more computing power in less space has increased the amount of heat generated per unit area and consequently has required more effective and reliable cooling. Failure to provide adequate cooling can result in electronic component or peripheral failure, the loss of valuable computing time, and wasted resources in recovering lost data. It is therefore more cost efficient to provide a given box with the requisite cooling initially than to repair and retrofit. However, it is also important to provide cooling without introducing acoustic noise that could diminish system efficiency. System acoustic noise generally takes two forms: mechanical noise and aerodynamic noise.
[0006] Mechanical noise is generated from the vibration of moving parts such as fans and disk drives. Aerodynamic noise is generated from turbulent airflow across and in the vicinity of the fan blades. The design and implementation of grommets or other dampening devices for minimizing mechanical noise is well known in the art. Techniques of minimizing aerodynamic noise are less well known. However, while less well known and less critical than the techniques for minimizing mechanical noise they are still important for in optimizing system efficiency.
[0007] In general, aerodynamic noise generated by cooling fans is a function of the type of flow in the region surrounding the fan blades, flow velocity, fan blade shape, number of fan blades and the shape of the duct in which the fan is housed.
[0008] Many different approaches have been tried to minimize cooling fan noise. These approaches try to minimize noise contributions by modifying at least one of the aforementioned parameters. However, a first problem known in the art is that changing flow velocity and type of flow can result in less cooling and it would be desirable to change flow characteristics to minimize noise without diminishing cooling capacity.
[0009] It is known in the art to provide a grille at an airflow entrance for the fan both for human safety and for minimizing radiated electromagnetic noise. A second problem known in the art is that an airflow grille with grill openings small enough to minimize both radiated electromagnetic noise and human contact with rotating fan blades can decrease the efficiency of the fan. This efficiency decrease can result from at least two factors. (1) The airflow grille produces back-pressure on the fan, so that operation of the fan is strained and the fan can be subject to extra wear. (2) The airflow grille produces turbulence, so that operation of the fan is less efficient and airflow over the systems or equipment is less efficient at cooling.
[0010] Accordingly, it would be advantageous to provide a cooling system and a method for operating a cooling system, which has relatively reduced noise and is relatively efficient and inexpensive. This advantage is achieved in an embodiment of the invention in which a laminar flow duct modifies flow characteristics by separating a set of cooling fans from an airflow grille. Thus, back pressure on the fan is reduced and laminar flow through the fan and over the systems or equipment is improved.
Summary of the Invention
[0011] The invention provides a cooling system and a method for operating a cooling system, which has relatively reduced noise and is relatively efficient and inexpensive. A set of cooling fans operates in conjunction with an airflow grille and a laminar flow duct, so as to reduce the amount of aerodynamic noise, and to block dust and other foreign objects. A laminar flow duct separates the cooling fans from the airflow grille, so as to reduce back pressure on the fan and improve laminar flow through the fan and over the systems or equipment. Additionally, the laminar flow duct acts to reduce electromagnetic noise.
[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the laminar flow duct defines a Venturi opening, so as to draw airflow into the cooling fans from a region adjacent to the laminar flow duct. The Venturi opening allows the cooling fans to cool a secondary set of systems or equipment, such as a set of disk drives or other equipment that need relatively minimal cooling effect.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0013] FIG. 1 shows an isometric view of a laminar flow duct cooling system with a Venturi opening and a breakaway view of an airflow grille.
[0014] FIG. 2 shows a front view of a laminar flow duct with set of cooling fans attached.
[0015] FIG. 3 shows a right side view of a laminar flow duct with set of cooling fans attached.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment
[0016] In the following description, a preferred embodiment of the invention is described with regard to preferred process steps and geometries. Those skilled in the art would recognize after perusal of this application that embodiments of the invention can be implemented using cooling systems adapted to particular process steps and geometries described herein, and that implementation of the process steps and geometries described herein would not require undue experimentation or further invention.
[0017] System Elements
[0018] FIG. 1 shows an isometric view of a laminar flow duct with a Venturi opening. A cooling system 100 includes a plenum or laminar flow duct 110 including a Venturi opening 111 and a set of cooling fans 121 each encased in a fan housing 120 with each fan including a fan toroidal opening 122. Additionally, FIG. 1 shows a blind mate connection 140 and in a breakaway view an airflow grille 130 including grille opening pattern 131 and thumb screws 132. The plenum or laminar flow duct 110 may be any geometry that defines an interior cavity through which air may be conducted via fan power. For example, possible geometries may include rectangular solids, cylindrical solids, or the like. Furthermore, the Venturi opening 111 may assume any geometry so long as the flow proximate to the set of cooling fans 121 remains laminar flow. Thus, possible geometries may include a rectangular slot, an elliptical slot, an array of slots or holes, or the like. Additionally, the geometries of the openings in the grille opening pattern 131 may include any of variety of shapes. Possible geometries may include square, rectangular, triangular, circular or elliptical shapes.
[0019] Method of Operation
[0020] In a preferred embodiment the laminar flow duct 110 is a rectangular solid, 3 to 5 inches in length, an defines an anterior end and a posterior end. FIG. 2 shows a front view of a rectangular shaped laminar flow duct with a set of cooling fans 121 attached to its posterior end. Additionally, FIG. 2 show blind mate connection 140 which acts as a conduit for power and control signals for the set of cooling fans 121.
[0021] As shown in FIG. 3, the airflow grille is connected to the anterior end of the laminar flow duct 110, while the set of cooling fans are connected to the posterior end. The set of cooling fans 121 are disposed to receive incoming air which is channeled through the grille opening pattern 131 and sucked through the laminar flow duct 110 and through the Venturi opening 111 and blown to a region requiring cooling.
[0022] The breakaway view in FIG. 1 shows a view of a laminar flow duct 110 with integral airflow grille 130 having grille opening pattern 131. In a preferred embodiment airflow grille 130 is perforated sheet metal, grille opening pattern 131 has openings of rectangular shape and Venturi opening 111 is rectangular in shape. As air is sucked through the airflow grille 130 and plenum or laminar flow duct 110 it creates an area of low pressure at the Venturi opening 111 which in turn sucks air down through the Venturi opening 111, into the laminar flow duct 110 and through the set of cooling fans 121 where it is blown to a region requiring cooling. Additionally, as air is sucked down through the Venturi opening 111 in a Venturi downdraft, an air stream parallel to that flowing through the laminar flow duct is created upstream from the Venturi opening 111 in the region above the section of the laminar flow duct 110 which contains the Venturi opening 111. In a preferred embodiment the Venturi downdraft is 150 lfm.
[0023] This provides cooling not only in the region downstream from the set of cooling fans 121 but also in the region of the laminar flow duct 110 upstream from the Venturi opening 111. The presence of two air streams, one at the output of the set of cooling fans 121 and one along the region of the laminar flow duct containing the Venturi opening 111 is advantageous in that components can be cooled both downstream and upstream from the set of cooling fans thus lending flexibility to component placement and box design. For example, in a preferred embodiment, a disk drive or other component that does not require a high flow rate for cooling may be placed in the air stream created by the Venturi downdraft.
[0024] The design of the cooling system 100 is such that the set of cooling fans 121 are redundant and only one is necessary to cool a given personal computer or electronic box. However, the presence of the additional fan decreases the load on the individual fans and thereby increases fan efficiency and fan life. Moreover, it adds redundancy to the cooling mechanism, when desired, so immediate attention is not needed in the case of any one fan failure.
[0025] Laminar flow duct 110 in addition to conducting the laminar flow air stream from the airflow grille 130 to the set of cooling fans 121 acts as a RF collimator and reduces emission spread. That is it acts to minimize EM noise. Similarly, the small grille opening pattern 131 wherein the size of the opening is small in comparison to the wavelength of the radiated EM noise provides better rejection of RF noise emission.
[0026] The length of the laminar flow duct 110 allows the incoming air to transition from turbulent flow to laminar flow. In addition, maintaining an overall grille opening pattern 131 area that is greater than or equal to the fan toroidal opening 122 contributes to laminar flow within the laminar flow duct 110 proximate to the set of cooling fans 121 and lengthens the zone of laminar flow from the zone proximate to the set of cooling fans 121 to the region proximate to the airflow grille 130. The increased area of the grille opening pattern 131 also restricts airflow less than conventional airflow grilles and hence decreases back pressure thereby minimizing both fan bearing and motor stress and their concomitant mechanical noise.
[0027] Alternative Embodiments
[0028] Although preferred embodiments are disclosed herein, many variations are possible which remain within the concept, scope, and spirit of the invention, and these variations would become clear to those skilled in the art after perusal of this application.
Claims
We claim:
1. A cooling system which reduces aerodynamic or electromagnetic noise comprising:
a laminar flow duct, one side of said laminar flow duct defining a first planar region;
one or more cooling fans in a housing, each fan having a toroidal fan opening and disposed for providing positive airflow over the first planar region, along a first linear axis substantially parallel to the first planar region;
an airflow grille, defining a second planar region substantially perpendicular to said first linear axis, said airflow grille defining a set of through-holes substantially parallel to said first linear axis; and
a first laminar flow region disposed between said cooling fans and said airflow grille, said first laminar flow region defined by said laminar flow duct, said laminar flow duct being coupled on a first end to the housing for said one or more cooling fans and on a second end to said airflow grille, and said laminar flow duct being substantially parallel to said first linear axis;
wherein said cooling system reduces aerodynamic or electromagnetic noise.
2. A cooling system of claim 1, wherein said cooling fans include a plurality of separate cooling fans each of said plurality in a separate housing defining a separate cooling fan disposed for providing positive laminar airflow parallel to said first linear axis and into a second laminar flow region.
3. A cooling system as in claim 1, wherein said laminar flow duct defines a Venturi opening, said Venturi opening being operative in conjunction with said cooling fans to provide airflow through said Venturi opening from a region both upstream and above a region of said laminar flow duct containing said Venturi opening wherein airflow is parallel to said first laminar flow region.
4. A cooling system as in claim 2 wherein each of said plurality of separate cooling fans provides positive laminar airflow in parallel to one another.
5. A cooling system as in claim 2 wherein said grille opening is equal to or greater than said toroidal fan opening such that aerodynamic and electromagnetic noise are minimized.
6. A cooling system as in claim 3 wherein said laminar flow duct has the geometry of a rectangular solid.
7. A cooling system as in claim 3 wherein said Venturi opening has a rectangular shape.
8. A cooling system which reduces aerodynamic and electromagnetic noise comprising:
a laminar flow duct, one side of said laminar flow duct defining a first planar region;
one or more cooling fans in a housing, each fan having a toroidal fan opening and disposed for providing positive airflow over the first planar region, along a first linear axis substantially parallel to the first planar region;
an airflow grille, defining a second planar region substantially perpendicular to said first linear axis, said airflow grille defining a set of through-holes substantially parallel to said first linear axis; and
a first laminar flow region disposed between said cooling fans and said airflow grille, said first laminar flow region defined by said laminar flow duct, said laminar flow duct being coupled to the housing for said one or more cooling fans and to said airflow grille, and said laminar flow duct being substantially parallel to said first linear axis,
wherein said laminar flow duct acts as an RF collimator to reduce electromagnetic noise.
9. A method for cooling electronics and minimizing aerodynamic or electromagnetic noise, including steps for:
blowing incoming air with one or more cooling fans in a housing, disposed for providing positive airflow over a first planar region defined by one side of a laminar flow duct, along a first linear axis substantially parallel to the first planar region;
receiving air through an airflow grille which defines a second planar region substantially perpendicular to said first linear axis, said airflow grille defining a set of through-holes substantially parallel to said first linear axis; and
receiving air through a first laminar flow region disposed between said cooling fans and said airflow grille, said first laminar flow region defined by said laminar flow duct, said laminar flow duct being coupled on a first end to a housing for said one or more cooling fans and on a second end to said airflow grille, and said laminar flow duct-being substantially parallel to said first linear axis;
wherein said method for cooling reduces aerodynamic or electromagnetic noise.
10. A method as in claim 9 wherein said cooling fans include a plurality of separate cooling fans each of said plurality in a separate housing defining a separate cooling fan disposed for providing positive laminar airflow parallel to said first linear axis.
11. A method as in claim 9 wherein said laminar flow duct defines a Venturi opening, said Venturi opening being operative in conjunction with said cooling fans to provide airflow through said Venturi opening from a region both upstream and above a region of said laminar flow duct containing said Venturi opening wherein airflow is parallel to said first laminar flow region.
12. A method as in claim 10 wherein each of said plurality of separate cooling fans provides positive laminar airflow in parallel to one another.
13. A method as in claim 10 wherein said grille opening is equal to or greater than said toroidal fan opening such that aerodynamic and electromagnetic noise are minimized.
14. A method as in claim 11 wherein said laminar flow duct has the geometry of a rectangular solid.
15. A method as in claim 11 wherein said Venturi opening has a rectangular shape.
16. A method for cooling electronics and minimizing aerodynamic and electromagnetic noise, including steps for:
blowing incoming air with a set of one or more cooling fans in a housing, disposed for providing positive airflow over a first planar region defined by one side of a laminar flow duct, along a first linear axis substantially parallel to the first planar region;
receiving air through an airflow grille which defines a second planar region substantially perpendicular to said first linear axis, said airflow grille defining a set of through-holes substantially parallel to said first linear axis; and
receiving air through a first laminar flow region disposed between said cooling fans and said airflow grille, said first laminar flow region defined by said laminar flow duct, said laminar flow duct being coupled to a housing for said one or more cooling fans and to said airflow grille, and said laminar flow duct being substantially parallel to said first linear axis,
wherein said laminar flow duct acts as an RF collimator to reduce electromagnetic noise.
17. A method for cooling electronics and minimizing aerodynamic and electromagnetic noise, including steps for:
blowing incoming air with one or more cooling fans in a housing, each fan having a toroidal fan opening and disposed for providing positive airflow over a first planar region defined by one side of a laminar flow duct, along a first linear axis substantially parallel to the first planar region;
receiving air through an airflow grille which defines a second planar region substantially perpendicular to said first linear axis, said airflow grille defining a set of through-holes substantially parallel to said first linear axis wherein said grille opening is equal to or greater than said toroidal fan opening such that aerodynamic and electromagnetic noise are minimized; and
receiving air through a first laminar flow region disposed between said cooling fans and said airflow grille, said first laminar flow region defined by said laminar flow duct wherein said laminar flow duct has a geometry of a rectangular solid such that said laminar flow duct defines a Venturi opening, said Venturi opening being operative in conjunction with said one or more cooling fans to provide airflow through said Venturi opening from a region both upstream and above a region of said laminar flow duct containing said Venturi opening wherein airflow is parallel to said first laminar flow region, said laminar flow duct being coupled on a first end to a housing for said one or more cooling fans and on a second end to said airflow grille, and said laminar flow duct being substantially parallel to said first linear axis wherein said laminar flow duct acts as an RF collimator to reduce electromagnetic noise.
18. A cooling system which reduces aerodynamic or electromagnetic noise comprising:
a laminar flow duct, one side of said laminar flow duct defining a first planar region;
one or more cooling fans in a housing, each fan having a toroidal fan opening and disposed for blowing air over the first planar region, along a first linear axis substantially parallel to the first planar region;
an airflow grille, defining a second planar region substantially perpendicular to said first linear axis, said airflow grille defining a set of through-holes substantially parallel to said first linear axis; and
a first laminar flow region disposed between said cooling fans and said airflow grille, said first laminar flow region defined by said laminar flow duct, said laminar flow duct being coupled on a first end to the housing for said one or more cooling fans and on a second end to said airflow grille, and said laminar flow duct being substantially parallel to said first linear axis;
wherein said cooling system reduces aerodynamic or electromagnetic noise.
19. A cooling system as in claim 18, wherein said cooling fans include a plurality of separate cooling fans each of said plurality in a separate housing defining a separate cooling fan disposed for blowing air so as to provide laminar airflow parallel to said first linear axis.
20. A cooling system as in claim 18, wherein said laminar flow duct defines a Venturi opening, said Venturi opening being operative in conjunction with said cooling fans to provide airflow through said Venturi opening from a region both upstream and above a region of said laminar flow duct containing said Venturi opening wherein airflow is parallel to said first laminar flow region.
21. A cooling system as in claim 19 wherein each of said plurality of separate cooling fans blows air so as to provide laminar airflow in parallel to one another.
22. A cooling system as in claim 19 wherein said grille opening is equal to or greater than said toroidal fan opening such that aerodynamic and electromagnetic noise are minimized.
23. A cooling system as in claim 20 wherein said laminar flow duct has the geometry of a rectangular solid.
24. A cooling system as in claim 20 wherein said Venturi opening has a rectangular shape.
25. A cooling system which reduces aerodynamic and electromagnetic noise comprising:
a laminar flow duct, one side of said laminar flow duct defining a first planar region;
one or more cooling fans in a housing, each fan having a toroidal fan opening and disposed for blowing air over the first planar region, along a first linear axis substantially parallel to the first planar region;
an airflow grille, defining a second planar region substantially perpendicular to said first linear axis, said airflow grille defining a set of through-holes substantially parallel to said first linear axis; and
a first laminar flow region disposed between said cooling fans and said airflow grille, said first laminar flow region defined by said laminar flow duct, said laminar flow duct being coupled to the housing for said one or more cooling fans and to said airflow grille, and said laminar flow duct being substantially parallel to said first linear axis,
wherein said laminar flow duct acts as an RF collimator to reduce electromagnetic noise.
26. A cooling system which reduces aerodynamic and electromagnetic noise comprising:
a laminar flow duct, one side of said laminar flow duct defining a first planar region;
one or more cooling fans in a housing, each fan having a toroidal fan opening and disposed for blowing air over the first planar region, along a first linear axis substantially parallel to the first planar region;
an airflow grille, defining a second planar region substantially perpendicular to said first linear axis, said airflow grille defining a set of through-holes substantially parallel to said first linear axis wherein said grille opening is equal to or greater than said toroidal fan opening such that aerodynamic and electromagnetic noise are minimized; and
a first laminar flow region disposed between said cooling fans and said airflow grille, said first laminar flow region defined by said laminar flow duct wherein said laminar flow duct has a geometry of a rectangular solid such that said laminar flow duct defines a Venturi opening, said Venturi opening being operative in conjunction with said one or more cooling fans to provide airflow through said Venturi opening from a region both upstream and above a region of said laminar flow duct containing said Venturi opening wherein airflow is parallel to said first laminar flow region, said laminar flow duct being coupled on a first end to a housing for said one or more cooling fans and on a second end to said airflow grille, and said laminar flow duct being substantially parallel to said first linear axis, wherein said laminar flow duct acts as an RF collimator to reduce electromagnetic noise.
27. A method for cooling electronics and minimizing aerodynamic or electromagnetic noise, including steps for:
blowing incoming air with one or more cooling fans in a housing, disposed for blowing over a first planar region defined by one side of a laminar flow duct, along a first linear axis substantially parallel to the first planar region;
receiving air through an airflow grille which defines a second planar region substantially perpendicular to said first linear axis, said airflow grille defining a set of through-holes substantially parallel to said first linear axis; and
receiving air through a first laminar flow region disposed between said cooling fans and said airflow grille, said first laminar flow region defined by said laminar flow duct, said laminar flow duct being coupled on a first end to a housing for said one or more cooling fans and on a second end to said airflow grille, and said laminar flow duct being substantially parallel to said first linear axis;
wherein said method for cooling reduces aerodynamic or electromagnetic noise.
28. A method as in claim 27 wherein said cooling fans include a plurality of separate cooling fans each of said plurality in a separate housing defining a separate cooling fan disposed for blowing air so as to provide laminar airflow parallel to said first linear axis.
29. A method as in claim 27 where said laminar flow duct defines a Venturi opening, said Venturi opening being operative in conjunction with said cooling fans to provide airflow through said Venturi opening from a region both upstream and above a region of said laminar flow duct containing said Venturi opening wherein airflow is parallel to said first laminar flow region.
30. A method as in claim 28 wherein each of said plurality of separate cooling fans blows air so as to provide laminar airflow in parallel to one another.
31. A method as in claim 28 wherein said grille opening is equal to or greater than said toroidal fan opening such that aerodynamic and electromagnetic noise are minimized.
32. A method as in claim 29 wherein said laminar flow duct has the geometry of a rectangular solid.
33. A method as in claim 29 wherein said Venturi opening has a rectangular shape.
34. A method for cooling electronics and minimizing aerodynamic and electromagnetic noise, including steps for:
blowing incoming air with a set of one or more cooling fans in a housing, disposed for blowing over a first planar region defined by one side of a laminar flow duct, along a first linear axis substantially parallel to the first planar region;
receiving air through an airflow grille which defines a second planar region substantially perpendicular to said first linear axis, said airflow grille defining a set of through-holes substantially parallel to said first linear axis; and
receiving air through a first laminar flow region disposed between said cooling fans and said airflow grille, said first laminar flow region defined by said laminar flow duct, said laminar flow duct being coupled to a housing for said one or more cooling fans and to said airflow grille, and said laminar flow duct being substantially parallel to said first linear axis,
wherein said laminar flow duct acts as an RF collimator to reduce electromagnetic noise.
35. A method for cooling electronics and minimizing aerodynamic and electromagnetic noise, including steps for:
blowing incoming air with one or more cooling fans in a housing, each fan having a toroidal fan opening and disposed for blowing over a first planar region defined by one side of a laminar flow duct, along a first linear axis substantially parallel to the first planar region;
receiving air through an airflow grille which defines a second planar region substantially perpendicular to said first linear axis, said airflow grille defining a set of through-holes substantially parallel to said first linear axis wherein said grille opening is equal to or greater than said toroidal fan opening such that aerodynamic and electromagnetic noise are minimized; and
receiving air through a first laminar flow region disposed between said cooling fans and said airflow grille, said first laminar flow region defined by said laminar flow duct wherein said laminar flow duct has a geometry of a rectangular solid such that said laminar flow duct defines a Venturi opening, said Venturi opening being operative in conjunction with said one or more cooling fans to provide airflow through said Venturi opening from a region both upstream and above a region of said laminar flow duct containing said Venturi opening wherein airflow is parallel to said first laminar flow region, said laminar flow duct being coupled on a first end to a housing for said one or more cooling fans and on a second end to said airflow grille, and said laminar flow duct being substantially parallel to said first linear axis wherein said laminar flow duct acts as an RF collimator to reduce electromagnetic noise.
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