Analysis of target molecules using an encoding system

Patent Citations (325)

Non-Patent Literature (335)

• Brenner et al. “In vitro cloning of complex mixtures of DNA on microbeads: Physical separation of differentially expressed cDNAs” Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000, 97:1665-1670.Applicant
• Brenner et al. “Gene expression analysis by massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS) on microbead arrays” Nature Biotechnology 2000, 18:630-634.Applicant
• Tyagi “Taking a census of mRNA populations with microbeads” Nature Biotechnology 2000, 18:597-598.Applicant
• Miller et al. “Detection of bacteria by hybridization of rRNA with DNA-latex and immunodetection of hybrids” J Clin Microbiol 1988, 26:1271-1276.Applicant
• Sequencing by Hybridization Workshop, listing of participants and workshop presentation summaries, from workshop held Nov. 19-20, 1991.Applicant
• “A Sequencing Reality Check,” Science, 242:1245 (1988).Applicant
• “Affymax raises $25 million to develop high-speed drug discovery system,” Biotechnology News, 10(3):7-8 (1990).Applicant
• “Preparation of fluorescent-labeled DNA and its use as a probe in molecular hybridization,” Bioorg Khim, 12(11):1508-1513 (1986).Applicant
• Abbott et al., “Manipulation of the Wettability of Surfaces on the 0.1- to 1-Micrometer Scale Through Micromachining and Molecular Self-Assembly,” Science, 257:1380-1382 (1992).Applicant
• Adams et al., “Complementary DNA Sequencing: Expressed Sequence Tags and Human Genome Project,” Science, 252(5013):1651-1656 (1991).Applicant
• Adams et al., “Photolabile Chelators That “Cage” Calcium with Improved Speed of Release and Pre-Photolysis Affinity,” J. Gen. Physiol., p. 9a (12/86).Applicant
• Adams et al., “Biologically Useful Chelators That Take Up Ca2+ upon Illumination,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 111:7957-7968 (1989).Applicant
• Ajayaghosh et al., “Solid-Phase Synthesis of N-Methyl-and N-Ethylamides of Peptides Using Photolytically Detachable ((3-Nitro-4((alkylamino)methyl)benzamido)methyl)polystyrene Resin,” J.Org.Chem., 55(9):2826-2829 (1990).Applicant
• Ajayaghosh et al., “Solid-phase synthesis of C-terminal peptide amides using a photoremovable α-methylphenacylamido anchoring linkage,” Proc. Ind. Natl. Sci (Chem.Sci.), 100(5):389-396 (1988).Applicant
• Ajayaghosh et al., “Polymer-supported Solid-phase Synthesis of C-Terminal Peptide N-Methylamides Using a Modified Photoremovable 3-Nitro-4-N-methylaminomethylpolystyrene Support,” Ind.J.Chem., 27B:1004-1008 (1988).Applicant
• Ajayaghosh et al., “Polymer-Supported Synthesis of Protected Peptide Segments on a Photosensitive o-Nitro (α-Methyl)Bromobenzyl Resin,” Tetrahedron, 44(21):6661-6666 (1988).Applicant
• Amit et al., “Photosensitive Protecting Groups of Amino Sugars and Their Use in Glycoside Synthesis. 2-Nitrobenzyloxycarbonylamino and 6-Nitroveratryloxycarbonylamino Derivatives,” J.Org.Chem, 39(2):192-196 (1974).Applicant
• Amit et al., “Photosensitive Protecting Groups—A Review,” Israel J. Chem., 12(1-2):103-113 (1974).Applicant
• Anand et al., “A 3.5 genome equivalent multi access YAC library: construction, characterisation, screening and storage,” Nuc. Acids Res., 18(8):1951-1956 (1990).Applicant
• Anderson et al., “Quantitative Filter Hybridisation,” chapter 3 from Nucleic Acid Hybridization a practical approach, pp. 73-111, Hames et al., eds., IRL Press (1985).Applicant
• Applied Biosystems, Model 431A Peptide Synthesizer User's manual, Sections 2 and 6, (Aug. 15, 1989).Applicant
• Arnold et al., “A Novel Universal Support for DNA & RNA Synthesis,” abstract from Federation Proceedings, 43(7): abstract No. 3669 (1984).Applicant
• Atherton et al., Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis: A Practical Approach, IRL Press, (1989) tbl. of cont., pp. vii-ix.Applicant
• Augenlicht et al., “Cloning and Screening of Sequences Expressed in a Mouse Colon Tumor,” Cancer Research, 42:1088-1093 (1982).Applicant
• Augenlicht et al., “Expression of Cloned Sequences in Biopsies of Human Colonic Tissue and in Colonic Carcinoma Cells Induced to Differentiate in Vitro,” Cancer Res., 47:6017-6021 (1987).Applicant
• Bains, W., “Hybridization Methods for DNA Sequencing,” Genomics, 11(2):294-301 (1991).Applicant
• Bains et al., “A Novel Method for Nucleic Acid Sequence Determination,” J.Theor.Biol., 135:303-307 (1988).Applicant
• Bains, W., “Alternative Routes Through the Genome,” Biotechnology, 8:1251-1256 (1988).Applicant
• Balachander et al., “Functionalized Siloxy-Anchored Monolayers with Exposed Amino, Azido, Bromo, or Cyano Groups,” Tetrahed. Ltrs., 29(44):5593-5594 (1988).Applicant
• Baldwin et al., “New Photolabile Phosphate Protecting Groups,” Tetrahed., 46(19):6879-6884 (1990).Applicant
• Bannwarth et al., “Laboratory Methods, A System for the Simultaneous Chemical synthesis of Different DNA Fragments on Solid Support,” DNA, 5(5):413-419 (1986).Applicant
• Bannwarth, W., “Gene Technology: a Challenge for a Chemist,” CHIMIA, 41(9):302-317 (1987).Applicant
• Barany, F., “Genetic disease detection and DNA amplification using cloned thermostable ligase,” PNAS, 88:189-193 (1991).Applicant
• Barltrop et al., “Photosensitive Protective Groups,” Chemical Communications, pp. 822-823 (1966).Applicant
• Barinaga, M., “Will ‘DNA Chip’ Speed Genome Initiative,” Science, 253:1489 (1985).Applicant
• Bart et al., “Microfabricated Electrohydrodynamic Pumps,” Sensors and Actuators, A21-A23:193-197 (1990).Applicant
• Bartsh et al., “Cloning of mRNA sequences from the human colon: Preliminary characterisation of defined mRNAs in normal and neoplastic tissues,” Br.J.Can., 54:791-798 (1986).Applicant
• Baum, R., “Fledgling firm targets drug discovery process,” Chem. Eng. News, p. 10-11 (1990).Applicant
• Beltz et al., “Isolation of Multigene Families and Determination of Homologies by Filter Hybridization Methods,” Methods in Enzymology, 100:266-285 (1983).Applicant
• Benschop, Chem. Abstracts 114(26):256643 (1991).Applicant
• Bhatia et al., “New Approach To Producing Patterned Biomolecular Assemblies,” J. American Chemical Society, 114:4432-4433 (1992).Applicant
• Biorad Chromatography Electrophoresis Immunochemistry Molecular Biology HPLC catalog M 1987 pp. 182.Applicant
• Blawas et al., “Step-and-Repeat Photopatterning of Protein Features Using Caged-Biotin-BSA: Characterization and Resolution,” Langmuir, 14(15):4243-4250 (1998).Applicant
• Blawas, A.S., “Photopatterning of Protein Features using Caged-biotin-Bovine Serum Albumin,” dissertation for Ph.D at Duke University in 1998.Applicant
• Bos et al., “Amino-acid substirutions at codon 13 of the N-ras oncogene in human acute myeloid leukaemia,” Nature, 315:726-730 (1985).Applicant
• Boyle et al., “Differential distribution of long and short interspersed element sequences in the mouse genome: Chromosome karyotyping by fluorescence in situ hybridization,” PNAS, 87:7757-7761 (1990).Applicant
• Brock et al., “Rapid fluorescence detection of in situ hybridization with biotinylated bovine herpesvirus-1 DNA probes,” J.Veterinary Diagnostic Invest., 1:34-38 (1989).Applicant
• Burgi et al., “Optimization in Sample Stacking for High-Performance Capillary Electrophoresis,” Anal. Chem., 63:2042-2047 (1991).Applicant
• Cameron et al., “Photogeneration of Organic Bases from o-Nitrobenzyl-Derived Carbamates,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 113:4303-4313 (1991).Applicant
• Carrano et al., “A High-Resolution, Fluorescence-Based, Semiautomated Method for DNA Fingerprinting,” Genomics, 4:129-136 (1989).Applicant
• Caruthers, M.H., “Gene Synthesis Machines: DNA Chemistry and Its Uses,” Science, 230:281-285 (1985).Applicant
• Chatterjee et al., “Inducible Alkylation of DNA Using an Oligonucleotide-Quinone Conjugate,” Am. J. Chem. Soc. 112:6397-6399 (1990).Applicant
• Chee et al., “Accessing Genetic Information with High-Density DNA Arrays,” Science, 274:610-614 (1996).Applicant
• Chehab et al., “Detection of sicle cell anaemaia mutation by colour DNA amplification,” Lancet, 335:15-17 (1990).Applicant
• Chehab et al., “Detection of specific DNA sequences by fluorescence amplification: a color complementation assay,” PNAS, 86:9178-9182 (1989).Applicant
• Chetverin et al., “Oligonucleotide Arrays: New Concepts and Possibilities,” Biotechnology, 12:1093-1099 (1994).Applicant
• Church et al., “Multiplex DNA sequencing,” Science, 240:185-188 (1988).Applicant
• Church et al., “Genomic sequencing,” PNAS, 81:1991-1995 (1984).Applicant
• Corbett et al., “Reaction of Nitroso Aromatics with Glyoxylic Acid. A New Path to Hydroxamic Acids,” J. Org. Chem., 45:2834-2839 (1980).Applicant
• Coulson et al., “Toward a physical map of the genome of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans,” PNAS, 83:7821-7825 (1986).Applicant
• Craig et al., “Ordering of cosmid clones covering the Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) genome: a test case for fingerprinting by hybridization,” Nuc. Acid. Res., 18(9):2653-2660 (1990).Applicant
• Cummings et al., “Photoactivable Fluorophores. 1. Synthesis and Photoactivation of o-Nitrobenzyl-Quenched Fluorescent Carbamates,” Tetrahederon Letters, 29(1):65-68 (1988).Applicant
• Dattagupta et al., “Rapid identification of Microorganisms by Nucleic Acid Hybridization after Labeling the Test Sample,” Anal. Biochem., 177:85-89 (1989).Applicant
• Dattagupta et al., “Nucleic Acid Hybridization: a Rapid Method for the Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases,” Perspectives in Antiinfective Therapy, eds. Jackson et al., pp. 241-247 (1988).Applicant
• Dower et al., “The Search for Molecular Diversity (II): Recombinant and Synthetic Randomized Peptide Libraries,” Ann. Rep. Med. Chem., 26:271-280 (1991).Applicant
• Diggelmann, “Investigating the VLSIPS synthesis process,” Sep. 9, 1994.Applicant
• Di Mauro et al., “DNA Technology in Chip Construction,” Adv. Mater., 5(5):384-386 (1993).Applicant
• Drmanac et al., “An Algorithm for the DNA Sequence Generation from k-Tuple Word Contents of the Minimal Number of Random Fragments,” J. Biomol.Struct. Dyn., 8(5):1085-1102 (1991).Applicant
• Drmanac et al., “Partial Sequencing by Oligo-Hybridization Concept and Applications in Genome Analysis,” 1st Int. Conf. Electrophor., Supercomp., Hum. Genome pp. 60-74 (1990).Applicant
• Drmanac et al., “Sequencing by Oligonucleotide Hybridization: A Promising Framework in Decoding of the Genome Program?,” 1st Int. Conf. Electrophor., Supercomp., Hum. Genome pp. 47-59 (1990).Applicant
• Drmanac et al., “Laboratory Methods, Reliable Hybridization of Oligonucleotides as Short as Six Nucleotides,” DNA and Cell Biol., 9(7):527-534 (1990).Applicant
• Drmanac et al., “Sequencing of Megabase Plus DNA by Hybridization: theory of the Method,” Genomics, 4:114-128 (1989).Applicant
• Dramanac et al., “Sequencing of Megabase Plus DNA by Hybridization: Theory of the Method,” abstract of presentation given at Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Genome Mapping and Sequencing, Apr. 27, 1988 thru May 1, 1988.Applicant
• Dulcey et al., “Deep UV Photochemistry of Chemisorbed Monolayers: Patterned Coplanar Molecular Assemblies,” Science, 252:551-554 (1991).Applicant
• Duncan et al., “Affinity Chromatography of a Sequence-Specific DNA Binding Protein Using Teflon-Linked Oligonucleotides,” Analytical Biochemistry, 169:104-108 (1988).Applicant
• Effenhauser et al., “Glass Chips for High-speed Capillary Electrophoresis Separations with Submicrometer Plate Heights,” Anal. Chem., 65:2637-2642 (1993).Applicant
• Effenhauser et al., “High-Speed Separation of Antisense Oligonucleotides on a Micromachined Capillary Electrophoresis Device,” Anal. Chem., 66:2949-2953 (1994).Applicant
• Ekins et al., “High Specific Activity Chemiluminescent and Fluorescent Markers: their Potential Application to High Sensitivity and ‘Multi-analyte’ Immunoassays,” J. Bioluminescence Chemiluminescence, 4:59-78 (1989).Applicant
• Ekins et al., “Development of Microspot Multi-Analyte Ratiometric Immunoassay Using dual Fluorescent-Labelled Antibodies,” Anal. Chemica Acta, 227:73-96 (1989).Applicant
• Ekins et al., “Multianalyte Microspot Immunoassay-Microanalytical ‘Compact Disk’ of the Future,” Clin. Chem., 37(11):1955-1967 (1991).Applicant
• Ekins, R.P., “Multi-Analyte immunoassay*,” J. Pharmaceut. Biomedical Analysis, 7(2):155-168 (1989).Applicant
• Ekins et al., “Fluorescence Spectroscopy and its Application to a New Generation of High Sensitivity, Multi-Microspot, Multianalyte, Immunoassay,” Clin. Chim. Acta, 194:91-114 (1990).Applicant
• Elder, J.K., “Analysis of DNA Oligonucleotide Hybridization Data by Maximum Entropy,” in Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Methods, eds. Mohammad-Djafari and Demoment, Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 363-371 (1992).Applicant
• Ellis, R.W., “The Applications of Synthetic Oligonucleotides to Molecular Biology,” Pharmaceutical Research, 3(4):195-207 (1986).Applicant
• Evans et al., “Microfabrication for Automation of Molecular processes in Human Genome Analysis,” Clin. Chem., 41(11):1681 (1995).Applicant
• Evans et al., “Physical mapping of complex genomes by cosmid multiplex analysis,” PNAS, 86:5030-5034 (1989).Applicant
• Ezaki et al., “Small-Scale DNA Preparation for Rapid Genetic Identification of Campylobacter Species without Radioisotope,” Microbiol. Immunology, 32(2):141-150 (1988).Applicant
• Fan et al., “Mapping small DNA sequences by fluorescence in situ hybridization directly on banded metaphase chromosomes,” PNAS, 87(16):6223-6227 (1990).Applicant
• Fan et al., “Micromachining of Capillary Electrophoresis Injectors and Separators on Glass Chips and Evaluation of Flow at Capillary Intersections,” Anal. Chem., 66:177-184 (1994).Applicant
• Feinberg et al., ADDENDUM to “A technique for Radiolabeling DNA Restriction Endonuclease Fragments to High Specific Activity,” Anal. Biochem., 137:266-267 (1984).Applicant
• Fettinger et al., “Stacked modules for micro flow systems in chemical analysis: concept and studies using an enlarged model,” Sensors and Actuators, B17:19-25 (1993).Applicant
• Flanders et al., “A new interferometric alignment technique,” App. Phys. Ltrs., 31(7):426-429 (1977).Applicant
• Fodor et al., “Multiplexed biochemical assays with biological chips,” Nature, 364:555-556 (1993).Applicant
• Fodor et al., “Light-directed, Spatially Addressable Parallel Chemical Synthesis,” Science, 251:767-773 (1991).Applicant
• Forman et al., “Thermodynamics of Duplex Formation and Mismatch Discrimination on Photolithographically Synthesized Oligonucleotide Arrays,” chapter 13pgs. 206-228 from Molecular Modeling of Nucleic Acids, ACS Symposium Series 682, Apr. 13-17,1997 , Leontis et al., eds.Applicant
• Frank et al., “Simultaneous Multiple Peptide Synthesis Under Continuous flow Conditions on Cellulose Paper Discs as Segmental Solid Supports,” Tetrahedron, 44(19):6031-6040 (1988).Applicant
• Frank et al., “Automation of DNA Sequencing Reactions and Related Techniques: A Workstation for Micromanipulation of Liquids,” Bio/Technology, 6:1211-1212 (1988).Applicant
• Frank et al., “Simultaneous Synthesis and Biological Applications of DNA Fragments: An Efficient and Complete Methodology,” Methods in Enzymology, 154:221-250 (1987).Applicant
• Fuhr et al., “Travelling wave-driven microfabricated electrohydrodynamic pumps for liquids,” J. Micromech. Microeng., 4:217-226 (1994).Applicant
• Fuller et al., “Urethane-Protected Amino Acid N-Carboxy Anhydrides and Their Use in Peptide Synthesis,” J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 112(20):7414-7416 (1990).Applicant
• Furka et al., “General method for rapid synthesis of multicomponent peptide mixtures,” Int. J. Peptide Protein Res., 37:487-493 (1991).Applicant
• Furka et al., “Cornucopia of Peptides by Synthesis,” 14th Int. Congress of Biochem. abst.# FR:013, Jul. 10-15, 1988 Prague, Czechoslovakia.Applicant
• Furka et al., “More Peptides by Less Labour,” abst. 288, Int. Symp. Med. Chem., Budapest Hungary Aug. 15-19, 1988.Applicant
• Gait, eds., pp. 1-115 from Oligonucleotide Synthesis: A Practical Approach, IRL Press, (1984).Applicant
• Gazard et al., “Lithographic Technique Using Radiation-Induced Grafting of Acrylic Acid into Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Films,” Polymer Engineering and Science, 20(16):1069-1072 (1980).Applicant
• Gergen et al., “Filter replicas and permanent collections of recombinant DNA plasmids,” Nuc.Acids Res., 7(8):2115-2137 (1979).Applicant
• Getzoff et al., “Mechanisms of Antibody Binding to a Protein,” Science, 235:1191-1196 (1987).Applicant
• Geysen et al., “Strategies for epitope analysis using peptide synthesis,” J. Immunol. Meth., 102:259-274 (1987).Applicant
• Geysen et al., “Use of peptide synthesis to probe viral antigens for epitopes to a resolution of a single amino acid,” PNAS, 81:3998-4002 (1984).Applicant
• Geysen et al., “A synthetic strategy for epitope mapping,” from Peptides:Chem. & Biol., Proc. of 10th Am. Peptide Symp., May 23-28, 1987, pp. 519-523, (1987).Applicant
• Geysen, “Antigen-antibody interactions at the molecular level: adventures in peptide synthesis,” Immunol. Today, 6(12):364-369 (1985).Applicant
• Geysen et al., “Cognitive Features of Continuous Antigenic Determinants,” from Synthetic Peptides: Approaches to Biological Probes, pp. 19-30, (1989).Applicant
• Geysen et al., “Chemistry of Antibody Binding to a Protein,” Science, 235:1184-1190 (1987).Applicant
• Geysen et al., “The delineation of peptides able to mimic assembled epitopes,” 1986 CIBA Symp., pp. 130-149.Applicant
• Geysen et al., “Cognitive Features of Continuous Antigenic Determinants,” Mol. Recognit., 1(1):1-10 (1988).Applicant
• Geysen et al., “A Prio Ri Delineation of a Peptide Which Mimics A Discontinuous Antigenic Determinant,” Mol. Immunol., 23(7):709-715 (1986).Applicant
• Ghosh et al., “Covalent attachment of oligonucleotides to solid supports,” Nuc. Acids Res., 15(13):5353-5373 (1987).Applicant
• Gilon et al., “Backbone Cyclization: A New Method for Conferring Conformational Constraint on Peptides,” Biopolymers, 31(6):745-750 (1991).Applicant
• Gingeras et al., “Hybridization properties of immobilized nucleic acids,” Nuc. Acids Res., 15(13):5373-5390 (87).Applicant
• Gummerlock et al., “RAS Enzyme-Linked Immunoblot Assay Discriminates p21 Species: A Technique to Dissect Gene Family Expression,” Anal. Biochem., 180:158-168 (1989).Applicant
• Gurney et al., “Activation of a potassium current by rapid photochemically generated step increases of intracellular calcium in rat sympathetic neurons,” PNAS, 84:3496-3500 (1987).Applicant
• Haase et al., “Detection of Two Viral Genomes in Single Cells by Double-Label Hybridization in Situ and Color Microradioautography,” Science, 227:189-192 (1985).Applicant
• Hacia, et al., “Two color hybridization analysis using high density oligonucleotide arrays and energy transfer dyes,” Nuc. Acids Res., 26(16):3865-3866 (1998).Applicant
• Hack, M.L., “Conics Formed to Make Fluid & Industrial Gas Micromachines,” Genetic Engineering News, 15(18):1, 29 (1995).Applicant
• Hagedorn et al., “Pumping of Water Solutions in Microfabricated Electrohydrodynamic Systems,” from Micro Electro Mechanical Systems conference in Travemunde Germany (1992).Applicant
• Hames et al., Nuclear acid hybridization, a practical approach, cover page and table of contents (1985).Applicant
• Hanahan et al., “Plasmid Screening at High Colony Density,” Meth. Enzymology, 100:333-342 (1983).Applicant
• Hanahan et al., “Plasmid screening at high colony density,” Gene, 10:63-67 (1980).Applicant
• Haridasan et al., “Peptide Synthesis using Photolytically Cleavable 2-Nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl Protecting Group,” Proc. Indian Natn. Sci. Adad., 53A(6):717-728 (1987).Applicant
• Harrison et al., “Capillary Electrophoresis and Sample Injection Systems Integrated on a Planar Glass Chip,” Anal. Chem., 64:1926-1932 (1992).Applicant
• Harrison et al., “Micromachining a Minaturized Capillary Electrophoresis-Based Chemical Analysis System on a Chip,” Science, 261:895-897 (1993).Applicant
• Harrison et al., “Towards minaturized electrophoresis and chemical analysis systems on silicon: an alternative to chemical sensors*,” Sensors and Actuators, B10:107-116 (1993).Applicant
• Harrison et al., “Rapid separation of fluorescein derivatives using a micromachined capillary electrophoresis system,” Analytica Chemica Acta, 283:361-366 (1993).Applicant
• Hellberg et al., “Minimum analogue peptide sets (MAPS) for quantitative structure-activity relationships,” Int. J. Peptide Protein Res., 37:414-424 (1991).Applicant
• Hilser et al., “Protein and peptide mobility in capillary zone electrophoresis, A comparison of existing models and further analysis,” J. Chromatography, 630:329-336 (1993).Applicant
• Ho et al., “Highly Stable Biosensor Using an Artificial Enzyme,” Anal.Chem., 59:536-537 (1987).Applicant
• Hochgeschwender et al., “Preferential expression of a defined T-cell receptor β-chain gene in hapten-specific cytotoxic T-cell clones,” Nature, 322:376-378 (1986).Applicant
• Hodgson, J., “Assays A La Photolithography,” Biotech., 9:419 (1991).Applicant
• Hodgson et al., “Hybridization probe size control: optimized ‘oligolabelling’,” Nuc.Acids Res., 15(15):6295 (1987).Applicant
• Hopman et al., “Bi-color detection of two target DNAs by non-radioactive in situ hybridization*,” Histochem., 85:1-4 (1986).Applicant
• Iwamura et al., “1-Pyrenylmethyl Esters, Photolabile Protecting Groups for Carboxlic Acids,” Tetrahedron Ltrs., 28(6):679-682 (1987).Applicant
• Iwamura et al., “1-(α-Diazobenzyl)pyrene: A Reagent for Photolabile and Fluorescent Protection of Carboxyl Groups of Amino Acids and Peptides,” Synlett, p. 35-36 (1991).Applicant
• Jacobson et al., “Efffects of Injection Schemes and Column Geometry on the Performance of Microchip Electrophoresis Devices,” Anal. Chem., 66:1107-1113 (1994).Applicant
• Jacobsen et al., “Open Channel Electrochromatography on a Microchip,” Anal. chem., 66:2369-2373 (1994).Applicant
• Jacobson et al., “Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis with an Integrated Postcolumn Reactor” Anal. Chem., 66:3472-3476 (1994).Applicant
• Jacobson et al., “Precolumn Reactions with Electrophoretic Analysis Integrated on a Microchip,” Anal. Chem., 66:4127-4132 (1994).Applicant
• Jacobson et al., “Microfabricated chemical measurement systems,” Nature Medicine, 1(10):1093-1096 (1995).Applicant
• Jacobsen et al., “Fused Quartz Substrates for Microchip Electrophoresis,” Anal. chem., 67:2059-2063 (1995).Applicant
• Jacobson et al., “High-Speed Separtions on a Microchip,” Anal. Chem., 66:1114-1118 (1994).Applicant
• Jacobson et al., “Microchip electrophoresis with sample stacking,” Electrophoresis, 16:481-486 (1995).Applicant
• Jayakumari, “Peptide synthesis in a triphasic medium catalysed by papain immobilized on a crosslinked polystyrene support,” Indian J. Chemistry, 29B:514-517 (1990).Applicant
• Jovin et al., “Liminescence Digital Imaging Microscopy,” Ann. Rev. Biophys. Chem., 18:271-308 (1989).Applicant
• Kafatos et al., “Determination of nucleic acid sequence homologies and relative concentrations by a dot hybridization procedure,” Nuc. Acids Res., 7(6):1541-1553 (1979).Applicant
• Kaiser et al., “Peptide and Protein Synthesis by Segment Synthesis-Condensation,” Science, 243:187-192 (1989).Applicant
• Kaplan et al., “Photolabile chelators for the rapid photorelease of divalent cations,” PNAS, 85:6571-6575 (1988).Applicant
• Karube, “Micro-biosensors based on silicon fabrication technology,” chapter 25 from Biosensors:Fundamentals and Applications, Turner et al., eds., Oxford Publ., 1987, pp. 471-480 (1987).Applicant
• Kates et al., “A Novel, Convenient, Three-dimensional Orthogonal Strategy for Solid-Phase Synthesis of Cyclic Peptides 1-3,” Tetrahed. Letters, 34(10):1549-1552 (1993).Applicant
• Kerkof et al., “A Procedure for Making Simultaneous Determinations of the Relative Levels of Gene Transcripts in Tissues or Cells,” Anal. Biochem., 188:349-355 (1990).Applicant
• Khrapko et al., “An Oligonucleotide hybridization approach to DNA sequencing,” FEBS Lett., 256(1,2):118-122 (1989).Applicant
• Khrapko et al., “A method for DNA sequencing by hybridization with oligonucleotide matrix,” DNA Seq. Map., 1:375-388 (1991).Applicant
• Kidd et al., “α1-Antitrypsin deficiency detection by direct analysis of the mutation in the gene,” Nature, 304:230-234 (1983).Applicant
• Kievits et al., “Rapid subchromosomal localization of cosmids by nonradioactive in situ hybridization,” Cytogenetics Cell Genetics, 53(2-3):134-136 (1990).Applicant
• Kimura et al., “An Immobilized Enzyme Membrane Fabrication Method using an Ink Jet Nozzle,” Biosensors, 4:41-52 (1988).Applicant
• Kimura et al., “An Integrated SOS/FET Multi-Biosensor,” Sensors & Actuators, 9:373-387 (1986).Applicant
• Kitazawa et al., “In situ DNA-RNA hybridization using in vivo bromodeoxyuridine-labeled DNA probe,” Histochemistry, 92:195-199 (1989).Applicant
• Kleinfeld et al., “Controlled Outgrowth of Dissociated Neurons on Patterned Substrates,” J. Neurosci., 8(11):4098-4120 (1988).Applicant
• Knight, P., “Materials and Methods/Microsequencers for Proteins and Oligosaccharides,” Bio/Tech., 7:1075-76 (1989).Applicant
• Kohara et al., “The Physical Map of the Whole E. coli Chromosome: Application of a New Strategy for Rapid Analysis and Sorting of a Large Genomic Library,” Cell, 50:495-508 (1987).Applicant
• Krile et al., “Multiplex holography with chirp-modulated binary phase-coded reference-beam masks,” Applied Opt., 18(1):52-56 (1979).Applicant
• Labat, I., “Subfragments as an informative characteristic of the DNA molecule—computer simulation,” research report submitted to the University of Belgrade College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, (1988).Applicant
• Lander et al., “Genomic Mapping by Fingerprinting Randon Clones: A Mathematical Analysis,” Genomics, 2:231-239 (1988).Applicant
• Lainer et al., “Human Lymphocyte Subpopulations Identified by Using Three-Color Immunofluorescence and Flow Cytometry Analysis: Correlation of Leu-2, Leu-3, Leu-7, Leu-8, and Leu-11 Clee Surface Antigen Expression,” Journal of Immunology, 132(1):151-156 (1984).Applicant
• Lam et al., “A new type of synthetic peptide library for identifying ligand-binding activity,” Nature, 354:82-84 (1991).Applicant
• Laskey et al., “Messenger RNA prevalence in sea urchin embryos measured with cloned cDNAs,” PNAS, 77(9):5317-5321 (1980).Applicant
• Lee et al., “synthesis of a Polymer Surface Containing Covalently Attached Triethoxysilane Functionality: Adhesion to Glass,” Macromolecules, 21:3353-3356 (1988).Applicant
• Lehrach et al., “Labelling oligonucleotides to high specific activity (I),” Nuc. Acids Res., 17(12):4605-4610 (89).Applicant
• Lehrach et al., “Phage Vectors—EMBL Series,” Meth. Enzymology, 153:103-115 (1987).Applicant
• Lehrach et al., “Hybridization Fingerprinting in Genome Mapping and Sequencing,” Genome Analysis vol. 1: Genetic and Physical Mapping, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, pp. 39-81 (1990).Applicant
• Levy, M.F., “Preparing Additive Printed Circuits,” IBM Tech. Discl. Bull., 9(11):1473 (1967).Applicant
• Lewin, Benjamin, eds., Genes, third edition, John Wiley & Sons, cover page, preface and table of contents, (1987).Applicant
• Lichter et al., “High-Resolution Mapping of Human Chromosome 11 by in Situ hybridization with Cosmid Clones,” Science, 247:64-69 (1990).Applicant
• Lichter et al., “Fluorescence in situ hybridization with Alu and L1 polymerase chain reaction probes for rapid characterization of human chromosomes in hybrid cell lines,” PNAS, 87:6634-6638 (1990).Applicant
• Lichter et al., “Rapid detection of human chromosome 21 aberrations by in situ hybridization,” PNAS, 85:9664-9668 (1988).Applicant
• Lichter et al., “Is non-isotopic in situ hybridization finally coming of age,” Nature, 345:93-94 (1990).Applicant
• Lieberman et al., “A Light source Smaller Than the Optical Wavelength,” Science, 247:59-61 (1990).Applicant
• Lipshutz et al., “Using Oligonucleotide Probe Arrays To Access Genetic Diversity,” BioTech., 19(3):442-7 (1995).Applicant
• Little, P., “Clone maps made simple,” Nature, 346:611-612 (1990).Applicant
• Liu et al., “Sequential Injection Analysis in Capillary Format with an Electroosmotic Pump,” Talanta, 41(11):1903-1910 (1994).Applicant
• Lockhart et al., “Expression monitoring by hybridization to high-density oligonucleotide arrays,” Nat. Biotech., 14:1675-1680 (1996).Applicant
• Logue et al., “General Approaches to Mask Design for Binary Optics,” SPIE, 1052:19-24 (1989).Applicant
• Loken et al., “three-color Immunofluorescence Analysis of Leu Antigens on Human Peripheral Blood Using Two Lasers on a Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorter,” Cymoetry, 5:151-158 (1984).Applicant
• Love et al., “Screening of γ Library for Differentially Expressed Genes Using in Vitro Transcripts,” Anal. Biochem., 150:429-441 (1985).Applicant
• Lowe, C.R., “Biosensors,” Trends in Biotech., 2:59-65 (1984).Applicant
• Lowe, C.R., “An Introduction to the Concepts and Technology of Biosensors,” Biosensors, 1:3-16 (1985).Applicant
• Lowe, C. R., Biotechnology and Crop Improvement and Protection, BCPC Publications, pp. 131-138 (1986).Applicant
• Lowe et al., “Solid-Phase Optoelectronic Biosensors,” Methods in Enzymology, 137:338-347 (1988).Applicant
• Lowe, C.R., “Biosensors,” Phil. Tran. R. Soc. Lond., 324:487-496 (1989).Applicant
• Lu et al., “Differential screening of murine ascites cDNA libraries by means of in vitro transcripts of cell-cycle-phase-specific cDNA and digital image processing,” Gene, 86:185-192 (1990).Applicant
• Luo, J. et al., “Improving the fidelity of Thermus thermophilus DNA ligase,” Nuc.Acids Res., 24(14):3071-3078 (1996).Applicant
• Lysov et al., “A new method for determining the DNA nucleotide sequence by hybridization with oligonucleotides,” Doklady Biochem., 303(1-6):436-438 (1989).Applicant
• Lysov et al., “DNA Sequencing by Oligonucleotide Hybridization,” First International Conference on Electrophoresis, Supercomputing and the Human Genome, 4/10-13/90 p. 157.Applicant
• MacDonald et al., “A Rapid ELISA for Measuring Insulin in a Large Number of Research Samples,” Metabolism, 38(5):450-452 (1989).Applicant
• Mairanovsky, V.G., “Electro-Deprotection-Electrochemical Removal of Protecting Groups**,” Agnew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 15(5):281-292 (1976).Applicant
• Manz et al., “Miniaturized Total Chemical Analysis Systems: a Novel Concept for Chemical Sensing,” Sensors and Actuators, B1:244-248 (1990).Applicant
• Manz et al., “Micromachining of monocrystalline silicon and glass for chemical analysis systems, A look into next century's technology or just a fashionable craze?,” Trends in Analytical Chem., 10(5):144-149 (1991).Applicant
• Manz et al., “Planar chips technology for minaturization and integration of separation techniques into monitoring systems, Capillary electrophoresis on a chip,” J. Chromatography, 593:253-258 (1992).Applicant
• Manz et al., “Planar Chips Technology for Miniaturization of Separation Systems: A Developing Perspective in Chemical Monitoring,” chapter 1, 1-64 (1993).Applicant
• Manz et al., “Electroosmotic pumping and electrophoretic separations for miniaturized chemicla analysis systems,” J. Micromech. Microeng., 4:257-265 (1994).Applicant
• Masiakowski et al., “Cloning of cDNA sequences of hormone-regulated genes from the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line,” Nuc. Acids Res., 10(24):7895-7903 (1982).Applicant
• Matsumoto et al., “Preliminary Investigation of Micropumping Based on Electrical Control of Interfacial Tension,” IEEE, pp. 105-110 (1990).Applicant
• Matsuzawa et al., “Containment and growth of neuroblastoma cells on chemically patterned substrates,” J. Neurosci. Meth., 50:253-260 (1993).Applicant
• Matthes et al., “Simultaneous rapid chemical synthesis of over one hundred oligonucleotides on a microscale,” EMBO J., 3(4):801-805 (1984).Applicant
• McCray et al., “Properties and Uses of Photoreactive Caged Compounds,” Ann. Rev. Biophys. Biophys. Chem., 18:239-270 (1989).Applicant
• McGall et al., “The Efficiency of Light-Directed Synthesis of DNA Arrays on Glass Substrates,” J. American Chem. Soc., 119(22):5081-5090 (1997).Applicant
• McGillis, VLSI Technology, Sze, eds., Chapter 7, “Lithography,” pp. 267-301 (1983).Applicant
• McMurray, J.S., “Solid Phase Synthesis of a Cyclic Peptide Using Fmoc Chemistry,” Tetrahedron Letters, 32(52):7679-7682 (1991).Applicant
• Meinkoth et al., “Review: Hybridization of Nucleic Acids Immobilized on solid Supports,” Analytical Biochem., 138:267-284 (1984).Applicant
• Melcher et al., “Traveling-Wave Bulk Electroconvection Induced across a Temperature Gradient,” Physics of Fluids, 10(6):1178-1185 (1967).Applicant
• Merrifield, R.B., “Solid Phase peptide Synthesis. I. The Synthesis of a Tetrapeptide,” J.Am.Chem.Soc., 85:2149-2154 (1963).Applicant
• Michiels et al., “Molecular approaches to genome analysis: a strategy for the construction of ordered overlapping clone libraries,” CABIOS, 3(3):203-10 (1987).Applicant
• Mirzabekov, A.D., “DNA sequencing by hybridization—a megasequencing method and a diagnostic tool?,” TIBTECH, 12:27-32 (1994).Applicant
• Miyada et al., “Oligonucleotide Hybridization Techniques,” Meth. Enzymology, 154:94-107 (1987).Applicant
• Monaco et al., “Human Genome Linking with Cosmids and Yeast Artificial Chromosomes”, abstract from CSHS, p. 50, (1989).Applicant
• Morita et al., “Direct pattern fabrication on silicone resin by vapor phase electron beam polymerization,” J.Vac.Sci.Technol., B1(4):1171-1173 (1983).Applicant
• Morrison et al., “Solution-Phase Detection of Polynucleotides Using Interacting Fluorescent Labels and Competitive Hybridization,” Anal. Biochem., 183:231-244 (1989).Applicant
• Munegumi et al., “thermal Synthesis of Polypeptides from N-Boc-Amino Acid (Aspartic Acid, β-Aminoglutaric Acid) Anhydrides,” Chem. Letters, pp. 1643-1646 (1988).Applicant
• Mutter et al., “Impact of Conformation on the Synthetic Strategies for Peptide Sequences,” pp. 217-228 from Chemistry of Peptides and Proteins, vol. 1, Proceedings of the Third USSR-FRG Symp., in USSR (1982).Applicant
• Nakamori et al., “A Simple and Useful Method for Simultaneous Screening of Elevated Levels of Expression of a Variety of Oncogenes in Malignant Cells,” Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 79:1311-1317 (1988).Applicant
• Nederlof et al., “Multiple Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization,” Cytometry, 11:126-131 (1990).Applicant
• Nederlof et al., “Three-Color Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization for the Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Nucleic Acid Sequences,” Cytometry, 10:20-27 (1989).Applicant
• Nizetic et al., “An improved bacterial colony lysis procedure enables direct DNA hybridisation using short (10, 11 bases) oligonucleotides to cosmids,” Nuc. Acids Res., 19(1):182 (1990).Applicant
• Nizetic et al., “Construction, arraying, and high-density screening of large insert libraries of human chromosomes X and 21: their potential use as reference libraries,” PNAS, 88:3233-3237 (1991).Applicant
• Nyborg, W., “Acoustic Streaming,” chapter 11 pp. 265-329 from Physical Acoustics, Principles and Methods, Mason, eds., vol. II, part B, Academic Press, New York and London (1965).Applicant
• Ocvirk et al., “High Performance Liquid Chromatography Partially Integrated onto a Silicon Chip,” Analyt. Meth. Instrumentation, 2(2):74-82 (1995).Applicant
• Ohtsuka et al., “Studies on transfer ribonucleic acids and related compounds. IX Ribonucleic oligonucleotide synthesis using a photosensitive 0-nitrobenzyl protection at the 2′-hydroxl group,” Nuc.Acids.Res., 1(10):1351-1357 (1974).Applicant
• Olefirowicz et al., “Capillary Electrophoresis for Sampling Single Nerve Cells,” Chimia, 45(4):106-108 (1991).Applicant
• Olson et al., “Random-clone strategy for genomic restriction mapping in yeast,” PNAS, 83:7826-7830 (1986).Applicant
• Patchornik et al., “Photosensitive Protecting Groups,” J.Am.Chem.Soc., 92(21):6333-6335 (1970).Applicant
• Patent Abstracts of Japan from EPO, Abst. 13:557, JP 1-233 447 (1989).Applicant
• Pease et al., “Light-generated oligonucleotide arrays for rapid DNA sequence analysis,” PNAS, 91:5022-26 (1994).Applicant
• Pevzner, P.A., “DNA Physical Mapping and Alternating Eulerian Cycles in Colored Grapes,” Algorithmica, 13(1-2):77-105 (1995).Applicant
• Pevzner et al., “Multiple Filtration and Approximate Pattern Matching,” Algorithmica, 13(1-2):135-154 (1995).Applicant
• Pevzner et al., “Generalized Sequence Alignment and Duality,” Adv. Applied Math., 14:139-171 (1993).Applicant
• Pevzner, P.A., “1-Tuple DNA Sequencing: Computer Analysis,” J. Biomol. Struct. Dynam., 7(1):63-69 (1989).Applicant
• Pfahler et al., “Liquid Transport in Micron and Submicron Channels,” Sensors and Actuators, A21-A23:431-4 (90).Applicant
• Pfeifer et al., “Genomic Sequencing and Methylation Analysis by Ligation Mediated PCR,” Science, 246:810-813 (1989).Applicant
• Pidgeon et al., “Immobilized Artificial Membrane Chromatography: Supports Composed of Membrane Lipids,” Anal. Biochem., 176:36-47 (89).Applicant
• Pillai, V.N., “Photoremovable Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis,” Synthesis, pp. 1-26 (1980).Applicant
• Pillai et al., “3-Nitro-4-Aminomethylbenzoylderivate von Polyethylenglykolen: Eine neue Klasse von Photosensitiven loslichen Polymeren Tragern zur Synthese von C-terminalen Peptidamiden,” Tetrah. ltr., #36 p. 3409-3412 (1979).Applicant
• Pillai et al., “Synthetic Hydrophilic Polymers, Biomedical and Chemical Applications,” Naturwissenschaften, 68:558-566 (1981).Applicant
• Pirrung et al., “Proofing of Photolithographic DNA Synthesis with 3′.5′-Dimethoxybenzoinyloxycarbonyl-Protected Deoxynucleoside Phosphoramidites,” J. Org. Chem., 63(2):241-246 (1998).Applicant
• Pirrung et al., “Comparison of Methods for Photochemical Phosphoramidite-Based DNA Synthesis,” J. Org. Chem., 60:6270-6276 (1995).Applicant
• Ploax et al., “Cyclization of peptides on a solid support,” Int. J. Peptide Protein Research, 29:162-169 (1987).Applicant
• Polsky-Cynkin et al., “Use of DNA Immobilized on Plastic and Agarose Supports to Detect DNA by Sandwich Hybridization,” Clin. Chem., 31(9):1428-1443 (1985).Applicant
• Poustka et al., “Molecular Approaches to Mammalian Genetics,” Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitive Biology, 51:131-139 (1986).Applicant
• Purushothaman et al., “Synthesis of 4,5-diarylimidazoline-2-thiones and their photoconversion to bis(4,5-diarylimidazol-2-yl) sulphides,” Ind. J. Chem., 29B:18-21 (1990).Applicant
• Quesada et al., “High-Sensitivity DNA Detection with a Laser-Exited Confocal Fluorescence Gel Scanner,” Biotechniques, 10:616 (1991).Applicant
• Reichmanis et al., J. Polymer Sci. Polymer Chem. Edition, 23:1-8 (1985).Applicant
• Renz et al., “A colorimetric method for DNA hybridization,” Nuc. Acids Res., 12(8):3435-3445 (1984).Applicant
• Richter et al., “An Electrohydrodynamic Micropump,” IEEE, pp. 99-104 (1990).Applicant
• Richter et al., “Electrohydrodynamic Pumping and Flow Measurement,” IEEE, pp. 271-276 (1991).Applicant
• Richter et al., “A Micromachined electrohydrodynamic (EHD) pump,” Sensors and Actuators, A29:159-168 (91).Applicant
• Robertson et al., “A General and Efficient Route for Chemical Aminoacylation of Transfer RNAs,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 113:2722-2729 (1991).Applicant
• Rodda et al., “The Antibody Response to Myoglobin-I. Systematic Synthesis of Myglobin Peptides Reveals Location and Substructure of Species-Dependent Continuous Antigenic Determinants,” Mol. Immunol., 23(6):603-610 (1986).Applicant
• Rodgers, R.P., “Data Processing of Immunoassay Results,” Manual of Clin. Lab. Immunol., 3rd ed., ch. 15, pp. 82-87 (1986).Applicant
• Rose, D.J., “Free-solution reactor for post-column fluorescence detection in capillary zone electrophoresis,” J. Chromatography, 540:343-353 (1991).Applicant
• Rovero et al., “Synthesis of Cylic Peptides on solid Support,” Tetrahed. Letters, 32(23):2639-2642 (1991).Applicant
• Sambrook, Molecular Cloning—A Laboratory Manual, publ. in 1989 (no included).Applicant
• Saiki et al., “Genetic analysis of amplified DNA with immobilized sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes,” PNAS, 86:6230-6234 (1989).Applicant
• Saiki et al., “Analysis of enzymatically amplified β-globin and HLA-DQα DNA with Allele-specific oligonucleotide probes,” Nature, 324:163-166 (1986).Applicant
• Schafer et al., “DNA fingerprinting using non-radioactive oligonucleotide probes specific for simple repeats,” Nuc. Acids Res., 16(19):9344 (1988).Applicant
• Scharf et al., “HLA class II allelic variation and susceptibility to pemphigus vulgaris,” PNAS, 85(10):3504-3508 (1988).Applicant
• Schena et al., “Parallel human genome analysis: Microarray-based expression monitoring of 1000 genes,” PNAS, 93:10614-10619 (1996).Applicant
• Schuup et al., “Mechanistic Studies of the Photorearrangement of o-Nitrobenzyl Esters,” J. Photochem., 36:85-97 (1987).Applicant
• Seed, B., “Diazotizable arylamine cellulose papers for the coupling and hybridization of nucleic acids,” Nuc. Acids Res., 10(5):1799-1810 (1982).Applicant
• Seiler et al., “Planar Glass Chips for Capillary Electrophoresis: Repetitive Sample Injection, Quantitation, and Separation Efficency,” Anal. Chem., 65:1481-1488 (1993).Applicant
• Seller et al., “Electroosmotic Pumping an Valveless Control of Fluid Flow within a Manifold of Capillaries on a Glass Chip,” Anal. Chem., 66:3485-3491 (1994).Applicant
• Semmelhack et al., “Selective Removal of Protecting Groups Using Controlled Potential Electrolysis,” J. Am. Chem. Society, 94(14):5139-5140 (1972).Applicant
• Sheldon et al., “Matrix DNA Hybridization,” Clinical Chemistry, 39(4):718-719 (1993).Applicant
• Shin et al., “Dehydrooligonpeptides. XI. Facile Synthesis of Various Kinds of Dehydrodi-and tripeptides, and Dehydroenkephalins Containing Tyr Residue by Using N-Carboxydehydrotyrosine Anhydride,” Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 62:1127-1135 (1989).Applicant
• Sim et al., “Use of a cDNA Library for Studies on Evolution and Developmental Expression of the Chorion Multigene Families,” Cell, 18:1303-1316 (1979).Applicant
• Smith et al., “A Novel Method for Delineating Antigenic Determinants: Peptide Synthesis and Radioimmunoassay Using the Same Solid Support,” Immunochemistry, 14:565-568 (1977).Applicant
• Sofia, M.J., “Carbohydrate-based combinatorial libraries,” Molecular Diversity, 3:75-94 (1998).Applicant
• Southern et al., “Report on the Sequencing by Hybridization Workshop,” Genomics, 13:1378-1383 (1992).Applicant
• Southern et al., “Oligonucleotide hybridisations on glass supports: a novel linker for oligonucleotide synthesis and hybridization properties of oligonucleotides synthesized in situ,” Nuc. Acids Res., 20(7):1679-1684 (1992).Applicant
• Southern et al., “Analyzing and Comparing Nucleic Acid Sequences by Hybridization to Arrays of Oligonucleotides: Evaluation Using Experimental Models,” Genomics, 13:1008-10017 (1992).Applicant
• Southern, E.M., “Detection of Specific Sequences Among DNA Fragments Separated by Gel Electrophoresis,” J. Mol. Biol., 98:503-517 (1975).Applicant
• Stemme et al., “A valveless diffuser/nozzle-based fluid pump,” Sensors and Actuators, A39:159-167 (1993).Applicant
• Stryer, L., “DNA Probes and Genes Can be Synthesized by Automated Solid-Phase Methods,” from Biochemistry, Third Edition, published by W.H. Freeman & Co., (1988).Applicant
• Stuber et al., “Synthesis and photolytic cleavage of bovine insulin B22-30 on a nitrobenzoylglycyl-poly (ethylene glycol) support,” Int. J. Peptide Protein Res., 22(3):277-283 (1984).Applicant
• Sundberg et al., “Spatially-Addressable Immobilization of Macromolecules on Solid Supports,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 117(49):12050-12057 (1995).Applicant
• Swedberg, S.A., “Use of non-ionic and zwitterionic surfactants to enhance selectivity in high-performance capillary electrophoresis, An apparent micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography mechanism,” J. Chromatography, 503:449-452 (1990).Applicant
• Thomas, P.S., “Hybridization of denatured RNA and small DNA fragments transferred to nitrocellulose,” PNAS, 77(9):5201-5205 (1980).Applicant
• Titus et al., “Texas Red, a Hydrophilic, red-emitting fluorophore for use with fluorescein in dual parameter plow microfluorometric and fluorescence microscopic studies,” J. Immunol. Meth., 50:193-204 (1982).Applicant
• Tkachuk et al., “Detection of bcr-abl Fusion in chronic Myelogeneous Leukemia by in situ Hybridization,” Science, 250:559-562 (90).Applicant
• Trzeciak et al., “Synthesis of‘Head-to-Trail’ Cyclized Peptides on Solid Support by FMOC Chemistry,” Tetrahed. Letters, 33(32):4557-4560 (1992).Applicant
• Tsien et al., “Control of Cytoplasmic Calcium with Photolabile Tetracarboxylate 2-Nitrobenzhydrol Chelators,” Biophys. J., 50:843-853 (1986).Applicant
• Tsutsumi et al., “Expression of L-and M-Type Pyruvate Kinase in Human Tissues,” Genomics, 2:86-89 (1988).Applicant
• Turchinskii et al., “Multiple Hybridization in Genome Analysis, Reaction of Diamines and Bisulfate with Cytosine for Introduction of Nonradioactive labels Into DNA,” Molecular Biology, 22:1229-1235 (1988).Applicant
• Turner et al., “Photochemical Activation of Acylated α-Thrombin,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 109:1274-1275 (1987).Applicant
• Urdea et al., “A novel method for the rapid detection of specific nucleotide sequences in crude biological samples without blotting or radioactivity; application to the analysis of hepatitis B virus in human serum,” Gene, 61:253-264 (1987).Applicant
• Urdea et al., “A comparison of non-radioisotopic hybridization assay methods using fluorescent, chemiluminescent and enzyme labeled synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes,” Nuc. Acids Res., 16(11):4937-4956 (1988).Applicant
• Van der Voort et al., “Design and Use of a Computer Controlled Confocal Microscope for Biological Applications,” Scanning, 7(2):66-78 (1985).Applicant
• Van Hijfte et al., “Intramolecular 1,3-Diyl Trapping Reactions. A Formal Total Synthesis of -Coriolin,” J. Organic Chemistry, 50:3942-3944 (1985).Applicant
• Veldkamp, W.B., “Binary optics: the optics technology of the 1990s,” CLEO 90, vol. 7, paper # CMG6 (1990).Applicant
• Verlaan-de Vries et al., “A dot-blot screening procedure for mutated ras oncogenes using synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides,” Gene, 50:313-320 (1986).Applicant
• Verpoorte et al., “Three-dimensional micro flow manifolds for miniaturized chemical analysis systems,” J. Micromech. Microeng., 4:246-256 (1994).Applicant
• Volkmuth et al., “DNA electrophoresis in microlithographic arrays,” Nature, 358:600-602 (1992).Applicant
• Voss et al., “The immobilization of oligonucleotides and their hybridization properties,” Biochem. Soc. Transact., 16:216-217 (1988).Applicant
• Wada, A., International Workshop on Automatic and High Speed DNA Base Sequencing, Hayashibara Forum 1987 at Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Okayama, Japan, Jul. 7-9, 1987.Applicant
• Walker et al., “Photolabile Protecting Groups for an Acetylcholine Receptor Ligand. Synthesis and Photochemistry of a New Class of o-Nitrobenzyl Derivatives and their Effects on Receptor Function,” Biochemistry, 25:1799-1805 (1986).Applicant
• Wallace et al., “The use of synthetic oligonucleotides as hybridization probes. II. Hybridization of oligonucleotides of mixed sequence to rabbit β-globoin DNA,” Nuc. Acids Res., 9(4):879 (1981).Applicant
• Wallace et al., “Hybridization of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides to Φχ 174 DNA: the effect of single base pair mismatch,” Nuc. Acids Res., 11(6):3543-3557 (1979).Applicant
• Washizu et al., “Handling Biological Cells Using a Fluid Integrated Circuit,” IEEE Transactions Industry Applications, 26(2):352-358 (1990).Applicant
• Wiedmann, M. et al., “Ligase Chain Reaction (LCR)—Overview and Applications,” PCR Meth. Appl., 3(4):S51-S64 (1994).Applicant
• Werner et al., “Size-Dependent Separation of Proteins Denatured in SDS by Capillary Electrophoresis Using a Replaceable Sieving Matrix,” Anal. Biochem., 212:253-258 (1993).Applicant
• White et al., “An Evaluation of Confocal Versus Conventional Imaging of Biological Structures by Fluorescence Light Microscopy,” J. Cell Biol., 105(1):41-48 (1987).Applicant
• Widacki et al., “Biochemical Differences in Qa-2 Antigens Expressed by Qa-2+,6+ and Qa-2a+,6- Strains. Evidence for Differential Expression of the Q7 and Q9 Genes,” Mol. Immunology, 27(6):559-570 (1990).Applicant
• Wilcox et al., “Synthesis of Photolabile ‘Precursors’ of Amino Acid Neurotransmitters,” J. Org. Chem., 55:1585-1589 (1990).Applicant
• Wilding et al., “PCR in a Silicon Microstructure,” Clin. Chem., 40(9):1815-1818 (1994).Applicant
• Wilding et al., “Manipulation and Flow of Biological Fluids in Straight Channels Micromachined in Silicon,” Clin. Chem., 40(1):43-47 (1994).Applicant
• Wittman-Liebold, eds., Methods in Protein Sequence Analysis, from Proceedings of 7th Int'l Conf., Berlin, Germany, Jul. 3-8, 1988, table of contents, pp. xi-xx* (1989).Applicant
• Wood et al., “Base composition-independent hybridization in tetramethylammonium chloride: A method for oligonucleotide screening of highly complex gene libraries,” PNAS, 82:1585-1588 (1985).Applicant
• Woolley et al., “Ultra-high-speed DNA fragment separations using microfabricated capillary array electrophoresis chips,” PNAS, 91:11348-11352 (1994).Applicant
• Wu et al., “Synthesis and Properties of Adenosine-5′-triphosphoro-γ-5-(5-sulfonic acid)naphthyl Ethylamidate: A Fluorescent Nucleotide Substrate for DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase from Escherichia coli,” Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 246(2):564-571 (1986).Applicant
• Wu et al., “Laboratory Methods, Direct Analysis of Single Nucleotide Variation in Human DNA and RNA Using In Situ Dot Hybridization,” DNA, 8(2):135-142 (1989).Applicant
• Yamamoto et al., “Features and applications of the laser scanning microscope,” J. Mod. Optics, 37(11):1691-1701 (1990).Applicant
• Yarbrough et al., “Synthesis and Properties of Fluorescent Nucleotide Substrates for DNA-dependent RNA Polymerases,” J. Biol. Chem., 254(23):12069-12073 (1979).Applicant
• Yosomiya et al., “Performance, Glass fiber Having Isocyanate Group on the Surface. Preparation and Reaction with Amino Acid,” Polymer Bulletin, 12:41-48 (1984).Applicant
• Young, W.S., “Simultaneous Use of Digoxigenin-and Radiolabeled Oligodeoxyribonucleotide Probes for Hybridization Histochemistry,” Neuropeptides, 13:271-275 (1989).Applicant
• Yue et al., “Miniature Field-Flow Fractionation System for Analysis of Blood Cells,” Clin. Chem., 40(9):1810-1814 (1994).Applicant
• Zehavi et al., “Light-Sensitive Glycosides. I. 6-Nitroveratryl β-D-Glucopyranoside and 2-Nitrobenzyl β-D-Glucopyranoside,” J. Org. Chem., 37(14):2281-2285 (1972).Applicant
• Zengerle et al., “Transient measurements on miniaturized diaphragm pumps in microfluid systems,” Sensors and Actuators, A46-47:557-561 (1995).Applicant
• Zischler et al., “Non-radioacive oligonucleotide fingerprinting in the gel,” Nuc. Acids Res., 17(11)4411 (1989).Applicant
• Zischler et al., “Digoxigenated oligonucleotide probes specific for simple repeats in DAN fingerprinting and hybridization in situ,” Hum. Genet., 82:227-233 (1989).Applicant