Table lamp with dynamically controlled lighting distribution and uniformly illuminated luminous shade

[0002] This application is a continuation-in-part (CIP) of Ser. No. 09/525,610 filed Mar. 14, 2000.

[0004] The invention relates generally to interior lighting for residences, businesses and other locations, and, in particular, to energy efficient fluorescent lighting.

[0005] The 1990's have seen a renewed national commitment to saving energy. However, in many areas residential lighting energy conservation efforts have not generally delivered their full potential. While most end use areas have seen 30 to 50 percent efficiency improvements, numerous resources remain unmined. Moreover, lighting efficiency has been, in places, clumsily implemented and consequently, has not been well received by consumers. Residential lighting in particular, is a microcosm of these larger trends.

[0006] Each year in the U.S. about 145 billion kilowatt-hours of energy are used to light homes, at a cost of 10 billion dollars, and resulting in the emission of approximately 140 million tons of carbon dioxide. Promoting and installing more efficient residential light sources, fixtures, and controls can significantly reduce these numbers. The compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) is the most dramatic example of such a technology, offering a 75 percent increase in total lamp lumens per watt over the ubiquitous general service incandescent lamp (A-lamp). Unfortunately, actual applications of CFLs often fail to deliver on promises of equivalent light quality, quantity, and distribution, at comparable cost to traditional lighting.

[0007] One of the most popular residential lighting fixtures is the table lamp fixture. These use almost exclusively 60-100 watt incandescent lamps. But they do not offer distribution control.

[0008] The current perceptions of CFL table lamps are that they are expensive, not bright enough, prone to failure, and don't look good. This results in widespread consumer rejection. Thus, of the large potential market for residential table lamps, 90 million homes with three plus table lamps per home, CFLs have attained only about 1 percent market share or less.

[0009] Of all CFL table lamps, most are screw-based retrofits (Edison sockets); almost none are pin-based hardwired fixtures. Most common are lamps with single, vertically oriented CFLs, e.g. 9-40 watt twin, quad and multi-tube configurations. Some of these are encapsulated in a plastic capsule or globe. The vertical orientation is inefficient in that it directs flux towards the shade. Single lamps offer no control of light distribution out of the fixture. Single planar CFL lamps, e.g. circline and 2D CFLs, are better inside shaded table lamp fixtures, but control is only available through level/intensity control with electronic ballasts.

[0010] There is a commercial hardwired table lamp configuration using three twin-tube CFLs arranged radially in a vertical orientation. Switching one, two, and three lamps offers three level intensity control, but there is no control over light distribution.

[0011] Multi-lamp incandescent table and floor lamps have traditionally offered level intensity control, typically in dual or triple lamp configurations, usually arranged radially around the center, or with three level switching and/or dimming of a single lamp, e.g. a 50-100-150 W A-lamp. However, control over distribution of light out of the fixture into the room has not generally been provided.

[0012] A significant feature of a new lighting fixture based on any type of lamp would be control of light distribution out of the lamp, i.e. the user can readily select and vary the light distribution to meet changing needs. For example, under some conditions direct lighting is needed, while under other conditions indirect lighting is desired. Thus a light fixture which allows a user to readily switch between direct lighting, indirect lighting, or both, would be highly advantageous since the lamp would deliver most of the light where it is needed. Coupled with efficient light sources, e.g. CFLs, tremendous lighting efficiency can be achieved. Unfortunately, present lamps are generally configured with a fixed light output distribution pattern which cannot be changed by the user.

[0013] Therefore, it is desirable to provide new lamp fixture configurations for CFL based lamps which take advantage of the great advances in CFL technology made in recent years and which allow easy selection and control of light distribution. High quality phosphors and electronic ballasts produced in the 1990's and the many new shapes, sizes, and colors available provide a lot of flexibility in lighting options. However, the integration of CFLs into table lamps has primarily involved trying to make CFLs behave like incandescent lamps instead of taking advantage of the inherent characteristics of the CFLs. The new design should have high performance, flexibility in control, and provide lots of light for user amenities. A new CFL table lamp fixture design with these features could capture a significant market share. At present, with 90 million homes having three plus table lamps per home at a cost of about $75.00 plus per fixture, with a present CFL market share of less than one percent, there is huge potential for market growth with an efficient CFL fixture. The market potential is further expanded when the lighting system design is applied to table lamps for offices, hotels and other locations, and floor lamps for all these locations.

[0014] Aesthetic appearance is also an important factor in lamp design and selection. While torchieres, in which lamps are enclosed in reflectors without shades, are suitable in some situations, lamps with luminous or translucent shades are preferred in many environments. However, shaded lamps often suffer from hot spots and other nonuniform shade illumination patterns. It would be highly desirable from an aesthetic view to have uniform shade illumination.

[0015] In addition, the current electrical power problems in California dramatically demonstrate the need for greater electrical efficiency and electrical energy conservation. The state is faced with inadequate supply to meet the growing demand, and is under a constant threat of rolling blackouts. The electrical utility companies have been forced to buy electricity on the spot market at astronomical cost, and are facing bankruptcy since they cannot pass the costs on to the users. If the costs are passed on to the consumer, many will struggle to pay their utility bills.

[0016] Interior lighting is one area where significant electrical energy can be saved if efficient lighting systems are used. Coupled with high performance, lighting quality, and aesthetics, such lighting systems should gain widespread and ready market acceptance.

[0017] Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide an improved lighting fixture design for CFL based table and floor lamps, for broad residential, hospitality, and commercial lighting applications.

[0018] It is also an object of the invention to provide a lighting fixture geometry for table and floor lamps based on CFLs, that produces controlled light distribution, controlled light intensity, lots of light, and other user amenities.

[0019] It is another object of the invention to provide a table or floor lamp with dynamically controlled lighting distribution and with a luminous or translucent shade which is uniformly illuminated.

[0020] The invention is a lighting fixture, and a complete table or floor lamp including the fixture, in which two lamps are mounted in a spaced apart vertical relation (i.e. one lamp above the other) with a reflective septum mounted in a substantially horizontal orientation between the two lamps. Additional lamps may also be added above and/or below the septum so that there is at least one lamp above the septum and at least one lamp below the septum. The two lamps are preferably compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), and more preferably are planar CFLs, but other lamps could also be used. The lamps are preferably mounted in a substantially horizontal orientation. The lamps are preferably circular in geometry, but other geometries can also be used. The lamps and separating reflective septum are also surrounded by a lateral shade which is open at the top and bottom. A user control switch and dimmer allows the user to control lamp output light distribution in three modes: down light only, up light only, or a combination of down light and up light. The control switch also allows user control of light level in each of the lamps. The reflective septum maintains the up/down or combination distribution and also controls stray light and increases efficiency. Thus, the lamp produces a lot of light in a selectable or easily controllable distribution. The optical relationship (geometry) between the lamps, reflective septum, and shade can be designed to maintain even shade luminance while maximizing fixture efficiency and control. Color control may also be achieved by using different color temperature lamps. For example, users may want to have predominantly high color temperature lighting directed upwards (for indirect lighting) and low color temperature lighting directed downwards (for direct lighting). The dual CFL fixture may be used in both table lamps and floor lamps.

[0021] In a modified and improved version of the up/down table lamp (or floor lamp), the same general principles are applied, but the reflective septum has a special configuration and some details of the mechanical structure of the fixture are changed to provide uniform illumination of a luminous or translucent shade. The lamp still uses two independently controllable and preferably fully dimmable compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) or less preferably another type of lamp. The reflective septum is in the form of a reflector dish or bowl which is positioned high on the lamp fixture (at the top of the shade) with the upper CFL in the bowl and the lower CFL below it. The lampshade rests on the upper edge of the reflector dish, and is just suspended from the bowl, e.g. by hooks, so it can easily be removed. The top of the shade is flush with the upper edge of the reflector bowl. The light from the upper CFL is directed upwards toward the ceiling, providing indirect lighting; none of the uplight illuminates the shade. The light from the lower CFL is directed downward, illuminating the desk or table it sits on, as well as toward the inner surface of the lampshade, providing an aesthetically pleasing uniform lampshade illumination. The lamp posts which support the CFLs, their electrical sockets, and the reflective dish or bowl, are configured for ease of plugging in or removing the CFLs.

[0022] FIGS. 1A-C are side views of a table lamp with the double lamp geometry of the invention, with down light distribution, up light distribution, and up/down light distribution respectively.

[0023] FIG. 2A is a side sectional view showing the details of the two planar lamps, lamp socket, reflective septum, and shade.

[0024] FIGS. 2B-D are top views of circular, multitube, and single tube planar lamps over a reflective septum.

[0025] FIG. 3 shows the control system for the double lamp configuration.

[0026] FIG. 4 is a side view of an alternate embodiment of a table lamp of the invention.

[0027] FIG. 5 is a side view of a floor lamp according to the invention.

[0028] FIGS. 6A, B are side and perspective views of a modified and improved table lamp of the invention.

[0029] FIGS. 7A, B are side views of two embodiments of the reflector bowl for the table lamps of FIGS. 6A, B.

[0030] As used herein and as commonly used in the industry, the term “lamp” refers to both the light producing element, e.g. a fluorescent lamp (a fluorescent tube or a CFL) or an incandescent lamp (a light bulb), and to the entire lighting apparatus or luminaire, e.g. a table lamp or floor lamp. The meaning will generally be apparent from the context. The term “fixture” generally refers to the parts of the lighting apparatus other than the light producing element, and is often sold separately from the light producing elements. The fixture thus normally includes the mechanical support structure, the socket, the control switch, and the shade.

[0031] The invention is directed to “table lamps” which are generally all portable lamps which are placed on tables, desks, or other work surfaces. The invention is also directed to “floor lamps” which are generally portable lamps which stand on a floor.

[0032] A table lamp or lighting apparatus 10, as illustrated in FIGS. 1A-C, has a pair of planar compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) 12, 14 (or other lamps) arranged substantially horizontally in a spaced apart vertical relationship in a fixture 20. A reflective septum 16, mounted in a substantially horizontal orientation, is positioned between the two planar compact fluorescent lamps 12, 14 and is reflective on both its top and bottom surfaces. The planar fluorescent lamps 12, 14 are also plugged into a socket 18. The planar fluorescent lamp-reflective septumelectrical socket assembly 19 is mounted on the vertical member 24 of light fixture 20. Vertical element 24 extends from base or pedestal portion 22 of fixture 20. The two fluorescent lamps 12, 14 and reflective septum 16 are surrounded by a round conical shade 26 which is open at its top surface 28 and bottom surface 30. (Shade 26 may of course have other shapes, e.g. cylindrical.) Fixture 20 includes the mechanical support structure formed by base 22 and vertical member 24, as well as reflector 16, socket 18, shade 26, and a light switch (not shown), i.e. everything but lamps 12, 14.

[0033] As shown in FIG. 1A, the bottom CFL 14 is turned on, producing a down light distribution represented by light cone 32. As shown in FIG. 1B, the top CFL 12 is illuminated, producing an up light distribution represented by light cone 34. As shown in FIG. 1C, both CFLs 12, 14 are lit, producing an up-down light distribution represented by the pair of light cones 32, 34. Thus the user can control the lighting distribution from the lamp.

[0034] Because the fluorescent lamps 12, 14 are planar and horizontally oriented, little of the light is emitted laterally. Most of the light will be emitted vertically. The reflective septum 16 directs all light outwards (i.e. either upwards, downwards, or both) from the lamp. Thus, the configuration is highly efficient in providing most of the light produced by the lamp to the user. Since the lamps 12, 14 are CFLs, they are highly energy efficient in producing the light.

[0035] FIG. 2A shows greater detail of the two planar fluorescent lamps 12, 14, reflective septum 16 and socket 18. The planar fluorescent lamps 12, 14 are preferably circular, e.g., circline CFLs, since they produce the most uniform 360 degree distribution of light. However, other planar non-circular CFLs, e.g. 2D CFLs, can also be used. The two lamps 12, 14 are plugged into socket 18 which is preferably a pin type socket positioned between lamps 12, 14 but may also be a screw type socket. Socket 18 may be a multiple lamp socket or may instead be a plurality of individual sockets. Reflective septum 16 extends out from socket(s) 18 at least to and generally beyond the lateral extent of the planar fluorescent lamps 12, 14. Reflective septum 16 is reflective on both its upper surface 36 and lower surface 38 so that any light emitted by lamps 12, 14 which is initially directed toward septum 16 will be reflected back away from septum 16 and out of the lamp. The pair of horizontal lamps 12, 14 and horizontal septum 16 are surrounded by the conical shade 26 of FIGS. 1A-C. Different shapes, e.g. cylindrical, and styles of the lampshade may be used for providing different aesthetic looks and improved performance by directing light out of the fixture. Similarly, different styles of the fixture 20 (particularly the base portion 22) may be used for aesthetic reasons. Also, the shade may be opaque and have a reflective inner surface so that the small amount of light from the lamps 12, 14 incident thereon will also be reflected out of the lamp.

[0036] FIGS. 2B-D are top views of a planar fluorescent lamp 12 positioned above a reflective septum 16 wherein lamp 12 is a circular lamp 12a, a multitube lamp 12band a single tube lamp 12crespectively. In general, CFLs 12, 14 may have any configuration, including nonplanar, and any orientation, including vertical. However, substantially planar horizontally oriented lamps are preferred so that most of the light is directed up or down. Additional lamps, e.g. optional lamp 12din FIG. 2D, may also be added above and/or below the septum 16, so that there is at least one lamp above the septum and at least one lamp below the septum. While planar fluorescent lamps, particularly CFLs, are preferred, other types of lamps, including incandescent, halogen, and light emitting diodes (LEDs) could also be used.

[0037] The user control is a switching/dimming (lighting control) system 41 as shown in FIG. 3. A control switch/dimmer (controller) 42 is electrically connected to ballast 44 which is connected through electrical wires 46, 48 to electrical socket(s) 18 to which fluorescent lamps 12, 14 are connected. In its simplest form, controller 42 is a three-way on-off switch, which has three positions to control light distribution from the lamp. In position 1, the top lamp 12 is on and the bottom lamp 14 is off, producing up lighting. In position 2, the top lamp 12 and bottom lamp 14 are both on, producing up/down lighting. In position 3, the top lamp 12 is off and bottom lamp 14 is on, producing down lighting. In a more complex form, controller 42 includes a dimmer which can also adjust the voltage to each of the lamps 12, 14 to control light intensity (light level control) from the lamps as well as distribution pattern. Lamps 12, 14 can also be selected to produce different color outputs, e.g. upper lamp 12 can produce high color temperature light while lower lamp 14 can produce lower color temperature light. Thus a simple controller allows the user to readily select a light distribution pattern which is optimum for particular conditions, i.e. up lighting, down lighting or both, and to also vary the intensity of the light in either or both of the up lighting or down lighting. Different color light can also be provided in the up and down directions.

[0038] FIG. 4 shows an alternate embodiment of a table lamp of the invention presenting a different aesthetic appearance from the lamp of FIGS. 1A-C. Lamp 50 has a fixture 20awhich has a flat base 22aand a vertical member 24 extending up from base 22a. The lighting controller 42 is mounted on base 22awith the wires (not shown) extending up through vertical member 24 to the lamp's socket(s) 18. A cylindrical shade 54 is used in place of conical lampshade 26 of FIGS. 1A-C or 2A. The dual planar lamps 12, 14 with the reflective septum 16 in between are similar to the prior embodiments.

[0039] The fixtures 20, 20aare functionally the same but have different ornamental appearances. The bases 22, 22aand vertical member 24 can take a number of different aesthetic configurations. The lampshades can take a wide variety of ornamental (and sometimes functional) configurations. Shades 26, 54 illustrate two styles; however, any lateral light blocking element can be used.

[0040] Because the lamps are planar and oriented horizontally, most of the emitted light will be directed up or down and not laterally. The shade will block the lateral light. The shade may be opaque or it may be luminous or translucent. If it is luminous or translucent, the lamp can be designed to make the shade more or less uniformly luminous. For example, reflector 16 should have a diameter at least as great as the diameter of CFLs 12, 14 so that light from one cannot directly enter the distribution pattern of light from the other. However, if reflector 16 extends all the way to the shade, then no light from the top or bottom lamp can reach the opposite part of the shade and only a part of the shade will be luminous when only one of the lamps is lit. To avoid this effect, a sufficient gap may be left between the reflector 16 and the shade so that the shade will be illuminated by either CFL without seriously affecting the light distribution output of the lamp.

[0041] The lamps may be designed specifically for home lighting applications or may be designed for office lighting conditions or other environments, e.g. hotels and motels, schools, or libraries. Aesthetic appearance can be tailored to specific environments.

[0042] As shown in FIG. 5, a floor lamp 60 according to the invention has a fixture 20bwith a flat base 22band a vertical member 24. The dual planar lamp-reflector-socket assembly 56 is mounted at the top of vertical member 24 and surrounded by a conical shade 26. Lamp 60 provides a selectable combination of indirect lighting, represented by up light cone 62, and direct lighting, as represented by down light cone 64, or both.

[0043] As shown, floor lamp 60 looks a lot like table lamp 50 of FIG. 4, except for the relative proportions, since vertical member 24 will be much taller in lamp 60 than in lamp 50. However, floor lamp 60 may have other aesthetic appearances. In particular, base 22b, vertical member 24, and shade 26 may have other ornamental and structural designs.

[0044] The general principles described above are applied to a modified and improved table lamp 70 illustrated in FIGS. 6A, B which still has an up lamp and a down lamp separated by a reflective septum, but the shape and position of the reflector are significantly changed. There are also other changes in the structure of the lamp fixture. Lamp 70 is designed to have a luminous shade which is uniformly illuminated by the down lamp.

[0045] Lamp 70 has a pair of planar compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) or other lamps—upper lamp 72 and lower lamp 74—arranged substantially horizontally in a spaced apart vertical relationship in a fixture 80. A reflector dish 76 is positioned between the two planar compact fluorescent lamps 72, 74 and is reflective on both its top and bottom surfaces. The upper CFL 72 sits inside the reflector dish or bowl 76 while the lower CFL 74 is positioned below reflector dish or bowl 76. Again, while CFLs are preferred for energy efficiency, and circular planar lamps are preferred for their geometry, other lamps may be used in their place, including incandescent lamps, halogen lamps, and LEDs.

[0046] Lamp fixture 80 includes a table lamp base 82 with lamp base foot 83. Extending upward from base 82 are a lower lamp post 84 and an upper lamp post 85. At the top of lower lamp post 84 is lower electrical socket 78, and at the top of upper lamp post 85 is upper electrical socket 79 which is also inside the reflector dish or bowl 76 which is also mounted to the top of post 85. CFLs 72, 74 include the appropriate ballasts. Upper lamp/ballast 72 plugs into upper socket 79 while lower lamp/ballast 74 plugs into lower socket 78. Upper lamp post 85 has a bent or U-shaped portion to provide clearance to allow lower lamp 74 to be easily plugged into lower socket 78. Sockets 78, 79 are preferably pin type sockets.

[0047] The two CFLs 72, 74 and the reflective dish 76 are surrounded by a round conical luminous shade 86 which is open at its top surface 88 and bottom surface 89. Top surface 88 of shade 86 fits against the top edge 77 of reflector bowl 76. Instead of the normal harp on which table lamp shades are mounted, shade 86 may merely hang on reflector bowl 76 by a few, e.g. 3, hooks 87.

[0048] All the light from upper CFL 72 is directed upwards from lamp 70; the light is either emitted upwards or is reflected upwards by the upper surface of reflector bowl 76. Thus upper CFL provides indirect lighting for a room.

[0049] The light from lower CFL 74 performs two functions, downlighting (for task lighting) and shade illumination. Some of the light from lower CFL 74 is emitted downwards from lamp 70 and some of the light is emitted upwards toward the bottom surface of reflector dish 76. Some of the light reflected by the bottom of dish 76 passes through the lower opening 89 of the shade 86. However, some of the light reflected from the lower surface of dish 76 will strike the inner surface of shade 86; some light emitted from lower CFL 74 will also be directed at the inner surface of shade 86. Because of the contour and reflectivity of the lower surface of reflector dish 76, the inner surface of shade 86 will receive substantially uniform illumination over its entire surface, creating a very aesthetic appearance.

[0050] User control is provided by switch/dimmer knobs 90 in lamp base foot 83. Again, in a simple embodiment, lamp 70 may only include on/off switches so that the upper and lower lamps 72, 74 are turned on and off as desired, but a more complete system would include dimmers so that the intensity of each lamp may be controlled. Electrical wires 92 to electrical plug 93 also extend from lamp base foot 83. Lamp base foot 83 may also include a power outlet and/or data port 94.

[0051] While reflector dish/bowl 76 has been shown with curved sides, as shown in FIG. 7A, other geometries can be used. FIG. 7B, shows a reflector dish/bowl 96 which has a conical shape. In both cases the upper surface of reflector dish/bowl 76, 96 reflects light from the upper CFL upwards out of the lamp. In both cases the bottom surface of reflector dish/bowl 76, 96 reflects light from the lower CFL both downwards out of the lamp and sideways onto the inner surface of the shade.

[0052] Again the fixture 82 may take a variety of different aesthetic appearances. While the lamp 70 is described as a table lamp, it can also be a floor lamp with a floor lamp base, as in FIG. 5. While the shade is shown as conical, it may be cylindrical as in FIG. 4, or other shapes.

[0053] The lamp configuration shown in FIGS. 6A, B provides a superior high performance energy efficient table (or floor) lamp that is designed to save energy in homes and offices while greatly increasing light quality and visibility. Widespread use of this lighting system in offices and homes could greatly reduce electrical energy consumption, alleviating the current power problems in California, while also increasing the quality of the lighting environment. Nothing currently available in the office, residential, or hospitality marketplace has both the high performance lighting characteristics and the energy efficiency of this lamp. At full power, this two lamp fluorescent system matches the combined luminous output of a 300 W halogen lamp and a 150 W incandescent table lamp while using only a quarter of the energy.

[0054] The lamp uses two independently controllable and fully dimmable CFLs with a reflective dish or bowl separating the two CFLs, allowing three modes of lighting: downward lighting only, upward only, or up and down together. The relationship between the CFLs, the reflector and the lampshade have been designed to maximize the effective distribution of light as well as provide soft and even shade brightness.

[0055] While the lamp is clearly an energy saver in homes, it is also a great energy efficient alternative in office spaces. Conventional overhead lighting can be shut off altogether. The downlight of this lamp provides more than enough light flux for most tasks while the uplight provides a low glare ambient light that is ideal for computer environments.

[0056] The fully dimmable and controllable lights of the invention allow for maximum flexibility by enabling the user to adjust the lighting system to a changing environment. The dimming option increases energy savings by allowing users to reduce power when they need less light. The lamp also produces more uniform light, reducing the harsh hot spot effect of halogen lights and some CFL designs.

[0057] In summary, there are at least four major benefits from the lamp design of FIGS. 6A, B.

[0058] 1. Distribution—Ambient Lighting. The bowl shaped reflective septum is positioned toward the top of the shade volume to ensure that the flux from the top lamp goes up, with no flux below the horizontal plane or onto the lampshade. This gives glare control for computer tasks using a table lamp as a torchiere geometry.

[0059] 2. Distribution—Task Lighting. The reflective septum is positioned to ensure that no direct component of the lower lamp light flux is allowed to go above the horizontal plane to maintain a direct task light function in an otherwise dark room. Most of the flux from the bottom lamp is directed down for task lighting at the table or floor. The only up light is flux transmitted through the shade which maintains a dark surround, i.e. low light levels on vertical and ceiling surfaces.

[0060] 3. Shade Luminance Uniformity. The bowl shaped reflective septum is designed optically to perform inside a transmissive glare control envelope, the lampshade. The reflective septum is positioned at the top of the shade compartment with appropriate shape to ensure equal luminance across the shade, eliminating the appearance of hot spots or shadows commonly found with other applications of CFLs in shaded fixtures. This uniformity is achieved by controlling the distribution of reflected light off the bottom surface of the reflective septum by modifying the shape and surface treatment of the septum.

[0061] 4. Harp-less Shade Support. The reflective septum provides support for the shade, eliminating the conventional harp, and allowing for a wide variety of lamp sizes and easy lamp change in a table/floor lamp geometry. Eliminating the traditional harp allows any type or size of lamp to be used.

[0062] Changes and modifications in the specifically described embodiments can be carried out without departing from the scope of the invention which is intended to be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.