Developer container and cartridge

[0002] 1. Field of the Invention

[0003] The present invention relates to a developer container for use in an image forming apparatus such as an electrophotographic apparatus, and a cartridge detachably attachable to the image forming apparatus.

[0004] Examples of image forming apparatuses include electrophotographic copiers, electrophotographic printers (for example, laser printers and LED printers or the like), facsimile terminal equipment, and word processors or the like.

[0005] In addition, as cartridges for image forming apparatuses, for example, process cartridges are used. The process cartridge comprises at least one of charging means and cleaning means, an electrophotographic photosensitive member that is an image bearing member (bearer), and developing means, which are integrated as a cartridge and are detachably attachable to an image-forming-apparatus main body. Alternatively, the process cartridge comprises at least developing means and an electrophotographic photosensitive member, which are integrated as a cartridge and are detachably attachable to an image-forming-apparatus main body.

[0006] In addition, a developing apparatus contains (houses) a developer for developing an electrostatic image formed on an electrophotographic photosensitive member and uses developing means to develop the electrostatic image with the developer in order to visualize the image.

[0007] 2. Related Background Art

[0008] Conventional electrophotographic image forming apparatuses using an electrophotographic-image-forming process are based on a process-cartridge method for integrating an electrophotographic photosensitive member and process means acting on the electrophotographic photosensitive member, together as a cartridge and detachably attaching this cartridge to an image-forming-apparatus main body. This process-cartridge method enables users to carry out maintenance work for the apparatus without relying on service personnel, thereby substantially improving operability. Thus, the process-cartridge method is commonly used in image forming apparatuses.

[0009] In such a process cartridge, a toner container that is a developer container configuring part of a developing apparatus has an opening for supplying a developing-container side with a toner (a developer) contained in the toner container. This opening is sealed with a toner seal that is a seal member while the process cartridge is unused. When the process cartridge is used, a folded-back portion of the toner seal is unsealed by pulling the seal in the folding-back direction, thereby enabling the toner to be supplied to the developing-container side from the toner container.

[0010] In order to automatically unseal the toner seal, automatic unsealing mechanisms have been proposed that automatically unseal the toner seal by winding up the folded-back portion of the toner seal around a winding member, such as a winding shaft, via an operational force applied upon installation of the process cartridge in the image-forming-apparatus main body or via a power-transmission device, such as a gear, which is driven by a motor upon the installation of the process cartridge in the image-forming-apparatus main body (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-193872, Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-Open No. 62-110954, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-127876, etc.).

[0011] Thus, a simple inexpensive configuration has been desired as a mechanism for automatically unsealing the toner seal member.

[0012] It is an object of the present invention to provide a developer container and a cartridge that enable a seal member to be automatically unsealed using a simple configuration.

[0013] Other objects and features of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.

[0014] FIG. 1 is a typical explanatory drawing of a configuration of a process cartridge;

[0015] FIG. 2 is an explanatory drawing of a toner-seal sticking configuration and an automatic toner-seal unsealing mechanism;

[0016] FIG. 3 is a top view showing how the process cartridge is inserted into an image forming apparatus main body;

[0017] FIG. 4 is an explanatory drawing showing a state where the charging condition of a restoring force of a constant-load spring effected by a stopper is released (canceled);

[0018] FIG. 5 is a typical explanatory drawing of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus with the process cartridge installed therein;

[0019] FIG. 6 is a vertical, sectional view of the process cartridge showing an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a toner-container section of the process cartridge in FIG. 6 (before winding);

[0021] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a toner-container section of the process cartridge in FIG. 1 (during winding);

[0022] FIG. 9 is a front view of the process cartridge in FIG. 2 as seen from a developing-container side;

[0023] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the winding length of a toner seal and toner-seal winding force;

[0024] FIG. 11 is a plan view showing a state where the process cartridge in FIG. 6 is installed in an image forming apparatus;

[0025] FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing the positional relationship between a gear and stopper of the process cartridge in FIG. 11 and a rack of the image forming apparatus;

[0026] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a configuration for winding an unsealing start portion of the toner seal by interlocking with a main-body cover;

[0027] FIG. 14 is a plan view showing how a process cartridge configured to start unsealing the toner seal using a cam and a cam follower is installed in the image forming apparatus;

[0028] FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing the positional relationship between a gear and stopper of the process cartridge in FIG. 14 and a rack of the image forming apparatus;

[0029] FIG. 16 is a vertical sectional view of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus;

[0030] FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a toner-container section of a process cartridge showing an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a toner-container section of a process cartridge showing an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] FIG. 19 shows a graph of the toner-seal unsealing strength and a corresponding pattern of a welded portion;

[0033] FIG. 20 is a graph of the toner-seal unsealing strength, a winding force applied by a spring, and a load required to prevent the spring from loosening;

[0034] FIG. 21 shows a modeled constant-load spring;

[0035] FIGS. 22A, 22B, and 22C each show a toner-seal welding pattern obtained if the angle of a welding tip portion or the welding width is varied;

[0036] FIG. 23 is a plan view of a cartridge-installation portion of an image-forming-apparatus main body; and

[0037] FIG. 24 is a front view of a toner seal.

[0038] Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0039] In the embodiments, a laser beam printer is explained as an embodiment of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus.

[0040] First, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic image forming apparatus that allows the process cartridge to be installed therein will specifically be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 5. FIG. 1 is a typical explanatory drawing of a configuration of a process cartridge. FIG. 5 is a typical explanatory drawing of a configuration of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus with the process cartridge installed therein.

[0041] In the course of the following description, the general configuration of the electrophotographic image forming apparatus is first explained and the configuration of the process cartridge is then explained.

[0042] (General Configuration)

[0043] As shown in FIG. 5, an electrophotographic image forming apparatus (a laser beam printer) A irradiates an electrophotographic photosensitive member 15 that is a drum-shaped image bearer (hereafter referred to as a “photosensitive member drum”) with information light based on image information from optics 25, in order to form an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive-member drum 15. The electrophotographic image forming apparatus then develops this electrostatic latent image with a developer (hereafter referred to as a “toner”) to form a toner image. In synchronism with the formation of the toner image, recording media (recording materials, OHP sheets, cloths, etc.) are separated and fed one by one from a cassette 21aaccommodating them, using a pickup roller 21band a pressure contact member 21cthat is in pressure contact therewith. The recording medium 20 is conveyed by a convey means 21, consisting of a pair of convey rollers 21d, a pair of registration rollers 21e, and other components, and the toner image formed on the photosensitive-member drum 15, which is integrated into a cartridge as a process cartridge B, is applied under voltage to a transfer roller 22 that is transfer means, whereby the image is transferred to the recording medium 20. The recording medium 20 is then conveyed to fixing means 23 by means of a convey belt 21f. The fixing means 23 consists of a drive roller 23aand a fixing roller 23dcomprised of a cylindrical sheet that incorporates a heater 23band that is rotatably supported by a support 23c. The fixing means 23 applies heat and pressure to the passing recording medium 20 to fix the transferred toner image thereto. The recording medium 20 is then conveyed by a pair of discharging rollers 21g, 21hand discharged to a discharge portion 24 through a turnover convey path. The image forming apparatus A enables manual feeding using a manual-feeding tray 21iand a roller 21j.

[0044] (Process Cartridge)

[0045] On the other hand, the process cartridge 1 comprises an electrophotographic photosensitive member and at least one process means. The process means may be, for example, charging means for charging the electrophotographic photosensitive member, developing means for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the electrophotographic photosensitive member, or cleaning means for removing a toner remaining on a surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member or the like.

[0046] The process cartridge 1 shown in this embodiment is configured to rotate the photosensitive-member drum that is an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer, to apply a voltage to a charging roller 16 that is the charging means in order to uniformly charge a surface of the photosensitive-member drum 15, to expose the charged photosensitive-member drum 15 to an optical image from the optics 25 via an exposure opening (not shown) to form an electrostatic latent image, and to develop the electrostatic latent image using developing means 5, as shown in FIG. 1. That is, the charging roller 16 is provided in contact with the photosensitive-member drum for charging. The charging roller 16 rotates in a fashion following the photosensitive-member drum 15.

[0047] The developing means 5 feeds a toner T in a toner container 4 to an opening 6 in the toner container 4 using a rotatable toner feeding member (not shown) and then feeds the toner into a developing container 3 through the opening 6. Then, the toner is agitated by a toner agitating member (not shown), and a developing sleeve 5ain the form of a developer bearer incorporating a fixed magnet is rotated, while a developing blade 5bforms on a surface of the developing sleeve 5a, a toner layer to which frictionally charged charges are applied. The toner is then shifted to the photosensitive-member drum 15 depending on the electrostatic latent image to visibly form a toner image.

[0048] Then, a voltage of a polarity opposite to that of the toner image is applied to the transfer roller 22 to transfer the toner image to the recording medium 20, and cleaning means 17 removes a residual toner on the photosensitive-member drum 15 by scraping off the residual toner using a cleaning blade 17a, while scooping it up using a scoop sheet 17b, so that it is removed-toner containing portion 17c.

[0049] The members including the photosensitive-member drum 15, the charging roller 16, and the developing sleeve 5aor the like are contained in a cartridge flame configured by coupling a developing unit 1A that is a developing device and a cleaning container 2 together, thereby configuring a cartridge. The cartridge is installed in cartridge-installation means (see FIG. 3) detachably/attachable in the direction of arrow C (see FIG. 5), the cartridge-installation means being provided in an image-forming-apparatus main body 26. The developing unit 1A joins a toner container 4 that is a developer container configuring a toner containing portion 4aand supporting the toner feeding member for rotative driving, with the developing container 3 incorporating developing members including the toner agitating member, the developing sleeve 5a, and the developing blade 5b, whereby the developing unit 1A is integrated with the toner container 4 and the developing container 3. The cleaning container 2 constitutes the removed-toner containing portion 17cand supports the photosensitive-member drum 15, the cleaning blade 17a, the scoop sheet 17b, and the charging roller 16. The developing unit 1A and the cleaning container 2 are coupled together to constitute the cartridge frame.

[0050] With respect to the cartridge-installation means, when an opening and closing member 27 is opened around a shaft 27aprovided in the image-forming-apparatus main body 26, a space in the cartridge-installation portion is exposed as shown in FIG. 5; guide rails B are disposed to the right and left of this space as cartridge-installation guide members (see FIG. 3). Guides (not shown), each consisting of a boss and a rib provided on a corresponding one of the both outer side surfaces of the process cartridge extending in its longitudinal direction (the axial direction of the photosensitive-member drum 15), are each fitted in the guide rail B and guided therethrough, so that the process cartridge 1 is installed in the image-forming-apparatus main body 26 in the direction of arrow C.

[0051] (Toner-Seal Sticking Configuration)

[0052] Next, a toner-seal sticking configuration for sealing the opening in the developing unit will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 2 is an explanatory drawing of the toner-seal sticking configuration and an automatic toner-seal unsealing mechanism.

[0053] As shown in FIG. 1, the toner container 4 of the developing unit 1A has the toner T contained in its toner containing portion 4aand has the opening 6 in a surface 4bopposed to the developing sleeve 5 of the toner container 4 in order to supply the developing sleeve 5 with the toner T in the toner-containing portion 4a(see FIG. 2). The opening 6 extends in a longitudinal direction (an axial direction of the developing sleeve 5) of the developing unit 1A as shown in FIG. 2. In FIG. 2, the developing container 3 of the developing device is omitted. The toner container 4 has a toner seal 7, that is, a seal member welded on the surface 4balong the edges of four sides of the opening 6 in such a manner as to occlude the opening 6. The toner seal 7 has a folded-back portion 7aat one longitudinal end of the opening 6, with a tip 7a1 of the folded-back portion 7afixed to a winding portion 8aof a seal winding shaft 8 of an automatic unsealing mechanism M, which will be described below. In this manner, the toner seal 7 seals the opening 6 in the toner container 4 to block both the toner T in the toner container 4 and the developing sleeve 5 in the developing container 3 while the process cartridge 1 is unused.

[0054] (Configuration of the Automatic Toner-Seal Unsealing Mechanism)

[0055] Next, a configuration of the automatic toner-seal unsealing mechanism will be explained with reference to FIG. 2.

[0056] As shown in FIG. 2, the automatic unsealing mechanism M shown in this embodiment has the seal winding shaft 8 that is a winding member, a rotative-drive source 9, and a stopper 11 that is holding means. The seal winding shaft 8, the rotative-drive source 9, and the stopper 11 are attached to a support table 4cprovided on a side surface of the toner container 4 so as to project in the longitudinal direction of the developing unit 1A, the side surface being located at the tip 7a1 of the folded-back portion 7aof the toner seal 7.

[0057] The seal winding shaft 8 is rotatively supported on the support table 4cin a direction parallel with the surface 4bof the toner container 4 described above. In particular, the seal winding shaft 8 is rotatably supported on the support table 4cvia a seal member 10 such as an oil seal, which has a sealing capability, thereby preventing the toner in the toner container 4 from leaking to the exterior. In addition, the seal winding shaft 8 has a winding portion 8ain the toner container 4. The winding portion 8ahas the tip 7a1 of the toner seal 7 fixed thereto by means of screwing, welding, or adhesion. The seal winding shaft 8 has its lower end fitted in a hole (not shown) in the toner container 4 and its upper end fitted in a hole 13bin a holder 13 subsequently attached to the support table 4cof the toner container 4. The seal winding shaft 8 is rotatably held by the toner container 4 and the holder 13.

[0058] The rotative-drive source 9 is configured by a constant-load spring acting as an elastic member such that a restoring force of the constant-load spring is used to rotate the seal winding shaft 8. That is, the constant-load spring 9 acting as an elastic member that is a rotative-drive source has the other end fixed to a spring support shaft 9afixedly supported on the support table 4cin parallel with the seal winding shaft 8, while having one end fixed to the seal winding shaft 8 by means of screwing. The spring support shaft 9ahas a lower end fitted in a hole (not shown) in the support table 4cand an upper end fitted in a hole 13cin the holder 13, and is held by the support table 4cand the holder 13. The constant-load spring 9 shown in this embodiment has one end fixed to the seal winding shaft 8 with a restoring force charged beforehand so as to rotate the seal winding shaft 8 to wind the toner seal 7. In this manner, the constant-load spring 9 has one end fixed to the seal winding shaft 8 with the restoring force charged, thereby enabling the toner seal 7 to be completely unwound and unsealed.

[0059] Although this embodiment uses the constant-load spring 9 as an elastic member that is a rotative drive source, a (flat) spiral spring may be used instead of the constant-load spring 9. This is because the constant-load spring or flat spiral spring can be subjected to a relatively large deflection, whereby it is suitable for a case where the seal winding shaft 8 to which one end of the toner seal 7 is fixed is rotated to pull and unseal the toner seal 7 in the longitudinal direction.

[0060] The stopper 11 is rotatably attached to a stopper-support shaft 11cfixedly supported on the support table 4cin parallel with the seal winding shaft 8. The stopper-support shaft 11chas a lower end fitted in a hole (not shown) in the support table 4cand an upper end fitted in a hole 13din the holder 13, and is held by the support table 4cand the holder 13. The stopper 11 integrally has a holding section 11afor holding the constant-load spring 9 in such a manner that its restoring force can be charged, and an arm portion 11bfor releasing the charged state of the constant-load spring 9. The stopper 11 engagingly locks the holding portion 11ain a notch 12ain a pedestal 12 fixedly provided around an upper part of the seal winding shaft 8 to hold the restoring force of the constant-load spring 9 charged. In this manner, according to this embodiment, the toner seal 7 is prevented from temporal fatigue by allowing the pedestal 12 provided around the seal winding shaft 8 to be held by the holding portion 11aof the stopper 11, thereby hindering the restoring force of the constant-load spring 9 from being transmitted to the toner seal 7. In addition, when pressed by a pin 14 in the form of a projection that is a releasing member of the image-forming-apparatus main body 26, which will be described below, the arm portion 11bof the stopper 11 is rotated in the direction of arrow D to remove the holding portion 11afrom the notch 12ain the pedestal 12, thereby releasing the charged state of the restoring force of the constant-load spring 9.

[0061] As described above, the parts provided on the support table 4cof the developing unit 1A and including the seal winding shaft 8, the constant-load spring 9, the stopper 11, and the pedestal 12 are housed inside the holder 13 attached to the support table 4c. The holder 13 has a groove 13aformed in a side surface thereof and into which the pin 14 of the image-forming-apparatus main body 26 advances. In addition, the holder 13 has the holes 13b, 13c, and 13dformed in a top surface thereof, wherein an upper end of the seal winding shaft 8 is fitted in the hole 13b, wherein an upper end of the spring support shaft 9ais fitted in the hole 13c, and wherein an upper end of the stopper-support shaft 11cis fitted in the hole 13d. The holder 13 is assembled on the support table 4cafter the seal winding shaft 8, the constant-load spring 9, and the stopper 11 have been attached to the support table 4c.

[0062] (Description of the Pin (the Releasing Member) of the Image-Forming-Apparatus Main Body)

[0063] Next, the pin of the image-forming-apparatus main body will be explained with reference to FIG. 3. FIG. 3 is a top view showing how the process cartridge is inserted into the image-forming-apparatus main body.

[0064] As shown in FIG. 3, the process cartridge 1 is inserted into the image-forming-apparatus main body 26 along the guide rails B in the insertion direction indicated by arrow C. The image-forming-apparatus main body 26 has the pin 14 in the longitudinal direction of the process cartridge 1 (the axial direction of the photosensitive member drum 15) and opposite to the holder 13 of the developing unit 1A, the pin being in the form of a projection and operating as a releasing member. When the process cartridge 1 is inserted close to a regular installation position, which is shown in FIG. 5, the pin 14 advances into the groove 13aformed in the side surface of the holder 13 to abut on the arm portion 11bof the stopper 11, thereby releasing the charging of the restoring force of the constant-load spring 9 effected by the stopper 11. Thus, the restoring force of the constant-load spring 9 rotates the seal winding shaft 8 to automatically unseal the toner seal 7.

[0065] (Description of Automatic Toner-Seal Unsealing (Automatic Winding))

[0066] Next, automatic toner-seal unsealing will be explained in detail with reference to FIG. 4. FIG. 4 is an explanatory drawing showing how the charging of the restoring force of the constant-load spring effected by the stopper is released.

[0067] As shown in FIG. 4, before the process cartridge 1 is inserted into the regular installation position shown in FIG. 5, the stopper 11 engagingly locks its holding portion 11ain the notch 12ain the pedestal 12 to hold the restoring force of the constant-load spring 9 (not shown) charged. When the process cartridge 1 is further inserted from the position shown in FIG. 4, a tip 14aof the pin 14 abuts on the arm portion 11bof the stopper 11 to press it to rotate the stopper 11 around the stopper support shaft 11cin the direction of arrow D. The holding portion 11aof the stopper 11 is thereby taken off the notch 12aof the pedestal 12, while simultaneously the charging of the restoring force of the constant-load spring 9 effected by the stopper 11 is released, thereby rotating the seal winding shaft 8 in the direction of arrow E due to the restoring force of the constant-load spring 9 to wind and unseal the toner seal 7.

[0068] Shown below is an example of the dimensions of the constant-load spring 9, which is associated with a pull-out force (a winding force) applied to the toner seal 7 by the rotation of the seal winding shaft 8 in the process cartridge 1 according to this embodiment.

[0069] A pull-out force that must be applied to the toner seal 7 is assumed to be 3 [kgf] (3×9.806{tilde over (=)}29.4 N). If the seal winding shaft 8 has an axial diameter of 8 [mm], a required axial torque is 12 [kgf.mm] (12×9.806{tilde over (=)}117.7 J). In addition, the torque of the constant-load spring 9 depends on its material, radius of curvature, board thickness, and board width. If the material of the constant-load spring 9 is SUS301CSP-EH (elastic modulus E=19,300) [kgf.mm²]), its radius of curvature is 10 [mm], its board width is 12 [mm], and its board thickness is 0.15 [m]), then the axial torque is 13 [kgf.mm] (13×9.806{tilde over (=)}127.5 N.mm) and the pull-out force is 3.26 [kgf] (3.26×9.806{tilde over (=)}32.0 N), which meets the above requirement for the pull-out force for the toner seal 7, that is, 3 [kgf] (3×9.806{tilde over (=)}29.4 N).

[0070] Accordingly, if the constant-load spring 9 is used as an elastic member that is a rotative-drive source, a pull-out force can be obtained which is sufficient to rotate the seal winding shaft 8 to pull out the toner seal 7.

[0071] As described above, in the developing unit 1A comprising the automatic unsealing mechanism M and the process cartridge 1 having the developing unit 1A, both of which are shown in this embodiment, the constant-load spring 9 that is an elastic member is used as a rotative-drive source for rotating the seal winding shaft 8. Consequently, the toner seal 7 can be unsealed automatically without the use of a power transmission device, such as a gear, which is driven by a motor as in the above-discussed conventional process cartridge. Besides, the automatic unsealing mechanism M has a simple configuration due to the elimination of the need for a motor and a gear used as transmission devices. In addition, the present drive source for winding up the toner seal serves to reduce manufacturing costs compared to process cartridges with a motor integrated therein. Further, the present drive source for winding up the toner seal advantageously serves to reduce the burden on users compared to process cartridges that require manual winding based on rotation of a handle provided in the process cartridge.

[0072] In addition, since only the winding portion 8aof the seal winding shaft 8 with the toner seal 7 fixed thereto is contained in the toner container 4, the toner seal 7 is contained in the toner container 4 after winding. By containing the toner seal 7 in the toner container 4 in this manner, opposed surfaces of the toner container 4 and developing container 3 can be welded perfectly, thereby eliminating the need for an opening through which the toner seal 7 is pulled out from the process cartridge 1. This configuration also eliminates the need for a seal member used in the prior art for prevention of blowcut of the toner.

[0073] In addition, the toner seal 7 is contained inside the toner container 4, whereby the user can prevent the toner seal 7 from being contaminated with a trace amount of toner adhering thereto, without the need to process the toner seal 7.

[0074] Further, since the seal winding shaft 8 is supported by the support 4cusing the seal member 10 such as an oil seal which has a sealing capability, the toner in the toner container 4 is prevented from leaking to the exterior.

[0075] In addition, the constant-load spring 9 acting as an elastic member that is a rotative-drive source is disposed outside the toner container 4, so that it can be replaced easily with a new one for reuse.

[0076] Further, the toner seal 7 is prevented from temporal fatigue because the pedestal 12 provided around the seal winding shaft 8 is held by the holding section 11aof the stopper 11 to hinder the restoring force of the constant-load spring 9 from being transmitted to the toner seal 7.

[0077] In addition, since the pin 14 provided on the image-forming-apparatus main body 26 advances into the groove 13ain the holder 13 of the developing unit 1A to accommodate the stopper 11 inside the holder 13, the user is prevented from mistakenly releasing the charging of the restoring force of the constant-load spring 9 effected by the stopper 11 before installing the process cartridge 1 in the image-forming-apparatus main body 26.

[0078] [General Configuration]

[0079] As shown in FIG. 16, this electrophotographic image forming apparatus (laser beam printer) K irradiates a drum-shaped electrophotographic photosensitive member with a laser light image based on image information from optics 121 to form a latent image on the photosensitive member, and then develops this latent image to form a toner image. In synchronism with the formation of the toner image, a recording medium 122 is conveyed by convey means 123 consisting of a pickup roller 123b, a pair of registration rollers 123c, and other components, and the toner image formed on the photosensitive member drum is applied under voltage to a transfer roller 124 that is transfer means, whereby the image is transferred to the recording medium 122. The recording medium 122 is then conveyed to fixing means 125 by means of a guide plate 123d. The fixing means 125 consists of a drive roller 125aand a fixing roller 125cincorporating a heater 125b, and applies heat and pressure to the passing recording medium 122 to fix the transferred toner image thereto. The recording medium 122 is then conveyed by a pair of discharging rollers 123e, 123fand discharged to a discharge portion 126 through a turnover convey path. The image forming apparatus K enables manual feeding using a manual-feeding tray 123gand a roller 123h.

[0080] On the other hand, the process cartridge 101 comprises an electrophotographic photosensitive member and at least one process means, as shown in FIG. 6. The process means may be, for example, charging means for charging the electrophotographic photosensitive member, developing means for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the electrophotographic photosensitive member, or cleaning means for cleaning a toner remaining on a surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The process cartridge 101 according to this embodiment is configured to rotate a photosensitive member drum 127 that is an electrophotographic photosensitive member, to apply a voltage to a charging roller 128 that is the charging means in order to uniformly charge a surface of the photosensitive member drum 127, to expose the charged photosensitive member drum 127 to information light from the optics 121 to form a latent image, and to develop the latent image using developing means 130, as shown in FIG. 6. The developing means 130 feeds a toner T in a toner container 104 through an opening 106 using a toner feeding member (not shown). A developing sleeve 105 incorporating a fixed magnet 105cis rotated, while a developing blade 105eforms on a surface of the developing sleeve 105, a toner layer to which frictionally charged charges are applied. The toner is then shifted to the photosensitive member drum 127 in accordance with the latent image to visualized by forming a toner image. Then, a voltage of a polarity opposite to that of the toner image is applied to a transfer roller 124 to transfer the toner image to the recording medium 122 and cleaning means 102 then removes a residual toner on the photosensitive member drum 127 by scraping off the residual toner using a cleaning blade 102a, while scooping it up using a scoop sheet 102b, so that it is collected in a removed toner reservoir 102c.

[0081] The members including the photosensitive member drum 127 are contained in a cartridge frame to form a cartridge, which is detachably/attachably installed in a cartridge installation means provided in the apparatus body K; the cartridge frame is configured as follows: a toner container 104 for containing the toner and a developing container 103 for containing developing members such as the developing sleeve 105 are welded together to constitute a developing unit, and this developing unit and a cleaning unit comprising a cleaning container 118 with the photosensitive member drum 127 and the cleaning means 102 attached thereto are coupled together to constitute the cartridge frame, as shown in FIG. 6

[0082] The cartridge-installation means can be seen when a main-body cover 116 is opened around a hinge 116a, as shown in FIG. 16. Cartridge-installation guide portions G are provided opposite to each other and to the right and left of a cartridge-installation space in such a manner that their front sides relative to the apparatus are lower than their rear sides. These guide portions G operate as guides during insertion of the process cartridge 101. Bosses (not shown) projected from opposite longitudinal sides of the cartridge frame and ribs (not shown) following the bosses are guided on the guide portions G to insert the process cartridge 101, and the main-body cover 116 is then closed to install the process cartridge 101 in the image forming apparatus K.

[0083] FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of the process cartridge. The process cartridge 101 is composed of the cleaning container 118, the developing container 103, the toner container 104, and other components.

[0084] The toner container 104 has the unused toner T contained therein and has an opening 106 formed in its surface opposed to the developing sleeve 105 of the toner container 104, the opening being used to supply the toner T to the developing sleeve 105. While the process cartridge is unused, a seal member 107 (hereafter referred to as a “toner seal”) is welded to the opening 106 to block the developing sleeve 105 from the toner T. In addition, the toner container 104 has a seal winding shaft 108, a constant-load spring 109 or a flat spiral spring acting as an elastic member, a gear 110 that is a segment gear, a stopper 111, etc. formed on a side surface of the toner container 104.

[0085] FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of the toner-container portion. As seen in FIG. 7, the seal winding shaft 108 is provided rotatably at the toner container 104 rotation. The seal winding shaft 108 has an elastic member, such as the constant-load spring 109 attached thereto and acting as a drive source, and also has the gear 110 attached thereto for triggering pulling of the seal. The stopper 111 is rotatably supported in the toner container 104 by means of a stopper shaft 111cextending parallel with the seal winding shaft 108, in order to hold the charged state of the elastic member. The stopper 111 abuts on a pin 110bfixed to the gear 110 to stop the rotation of the gear 110 effected by the constant-load spring 109. The stopper shaft 111cis located on a tangent to a circle having its center at the shaft 108 and passing through the pin 110b. The stopper 111 is in the form of a bell crank having two arms, that is, a stop arm 111band an operative arm 111a. The elastic member 109 or the like is contained in a holder 112 attached to the toner container 104. The seal winding shaft 108 has one end of the toner seal 107 fixed thereto by means of screwing, welding, or adhesion. In addition, since one end of the constant-load spring 109 is fixed to the seal winding shaft 108 by screwing or the like, the toner seal 107 can be wound up by rotating the shaft based on a restoring force of the constant-load spring 109. Further, the gear 110 is fixed to the seal winding shaft 108 so as to rotate integrally with this shaft 108. The constant-load spring or flat spiral spring can be subjected to a relatively large deflection, whereby it is suitable for a case where the toner seal is pulled in the longitudinal direction. The pin 110bof the gear 110 is stopped by the stopper 111 to hold the constant-load spring 109 in he charged state.

[0086] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the toner container 104 showing that the stopper 111 has been released and that the toner seal 107 is being wound up. The stopper 111 is released by rotating it in the direction of arrow AA, and the toner seal 107 is wound up in the direction of arrow F by rotating the seal winding shaft 108 in the direction of the arrow BB using a spring force of the constant-load spring 109.

[0087] FIG. 9 is a front view of the toner container 104 as seen from the developing-container side. The toner seal 107 has a cover-seal portion 107awelded to the toner container 104 in a fashion surrounding a periphery of the opening 106 (oblique lined portion) in the toner vessel 104. The toner seal 107 is folded back at a folded-back portion 107bat a corresponding end of the cover-seal portion 107aso as to overlap the cover-seal portion 107a, and is fixed to the shaft 108 on the other side. To unseal the toner seal 107, a welded portion close to the folded-back portion 107bis peeled off within a range D, and the toner seal 107 is torn up at a welded portion within a range EE. The force required for unsealing is as shown in FIG. 10, and is large within the range D and small within the range E. To wind up the toner seal 107 within the range DD, the gear 110 shown in FIG. 7 is rotated in synchronism with an operation for installing the process cartridge 101 in an apparatus body FF. After the toner seal 107 within the range DD has been wound up, the toner seal 107 within the range E is wound up because of the restoring force of the constant-load spring 109. That is, the constant-load spring 109 is not required to have a force sufficient to peel off the toner seal 107 within the range DD to wind it up.

[0088] FIG. 11 is a top view showing how the process cartridge 101 is installed in the image-forming-apparatus main body FF. The process cartridge 101 is inserted into the image-forming-apparatus main body FF in the direction indicated by arrow H by sliding guide portions (not shown) of the process cartridge 101 along the guides G provided in the apparatus main body FF. When the process cartridge 101 has been inserted close to a normal installation position, a rack member 113 provided in the apparatus main body FF is inserted through a groove 112aformed in a side surface of the holder 112 shown in FIG. 7.

[0089] FIG. 12 shows the relationship of position between the gear 110, the stopper 111, and the rack 113. When the process cartridge 101 is inserted in the direction H, an abutting portion 113aof the rack 113 abuts on the operative arm 111aof the stopper 111 to rotate the stopper 111 in the direction A to remove the stop arm 111bfrom a pin 110bof the gear 110, thereby releasing the stopper 111. When the process cartridge 101 is further inserted in the direction H, the gear 110 meshes with teeth 113bof the rack 113 to rotate the seal winding shaft 108 in the direction B to wind up an unsealing-start welded portion of the toner seal 107 (the range D in FIG. 9) in a manner peeling off the toner seal. When this pulling-start welded portion has been peeled off to wind up a corresponding portion of the toner seal 107, the gear 110 and the rack 113 are disengaged from each other and the winding based on the constant-load spring 109 is started. The rotation of the shaft 108 effected by the constant-load spring 109 causes the gear 110 to run idly. The stopper mechanism for stopping the rotation of the shaft 108 effected by the spring force of the constant-load spring 109 that is an elastic member is not limited to the provision of the stopper member, but the peeling force applied to the unsealing-start welded portion (the range D in FIG. 9) may be used as a stopper. In addition, by using a different combination of the rack and pinion and the stopper, the process cartridge can be prevented from misuse.

[0090] FIG. 13 shows Embodiment 3 of an automatic toner-seal unsealing mechanism. FIG. 13 shows a case where a main-body cover 116 pivotally attached to the image-forming-apparatus main body F via a hinge 116ais opened and closed to rotate the gear 110. When the process cartridge 101 is inserted into the image-forming-apparatus main body F and the main-body cover 116 is closed, an abutting portion 116bof the main-body cover 116 presses the rack 113 mounted in the apparatus main body F for movement in the direction of a train of rack teeth, so that the rack 113 releases the stopper 111 while rotating the gear 110 to unseal the pulling start portion of the toner seal 107. When the main-body cover 116 has been closed completely, the gear 110 and the rack 113 are disengaged from each other, and unsealing is subsequently started due to the restoring force of the constant-load spring 109. A coil spring or the like is provided on a lower part of the rack 113 so that the rack 113 can be moved up and down in response to opening and closing of the main-body cover 116. Since after the unsealing, the gear is stopped at a position at which a notch 110atherein faces the rack 113 in order to prevent the gear 110 from meshing with the rack 113, the gear 110 is precluded from rotating each time the main-body cover 116 is opened or closed. By using the operations for opening and closing the main-body cover 116 as means for triggering pulling of the toner seal 107, the factors in the shakiness of the process cartridge during insertion can be reduced because unsealing is carried out after the process cartridge 101 has been positioned.

[0091] FIGS. 14 and 15 show Embodiment 4 of an automatic toner-seal unsealing mechanism.

[0092] FIGS. 14 and 15 show the use of a cam 114 with a pin 114band a cam follower (for use as an actuator) 115 fixedly installed in the apparatus main body F instead of the gear and rack in Embodiment 2. FIG. 14 is a top view showing how the process cartridge 101 is installed into the image-forming-apparatus main body F. As in the use of the rack and pinion, when the process cartridge 101 is inserted in the direction of arrow H, an abutting portion 115aof the cam follower 115 abuts on the operative arm 111ato remove a pin 114bfrom the stopper 111. The cam 114 then starts to rotate on abutting on the abutting portion 115bof the cam follower 115, thereby rotating the seal winding shaft 108 to wind up the pulling-start welded portion of the toner seal 107. The cam follower 115 passes through the cam 114, which can then rotate freely. Subsequently, the toner seal 107 is wound up because of the constant-load spring 109.

[0093] FIG. 15 shows the relationship between the stopper 111, the cam 114, and the cam follower 115. The cam 114 is attached to the winding shaft 108 in such a direction that the seal winding shaft 108 is rotated when a cam top side portion 114ais pushed. When the process cartridge is installed in the direction H, a tip 115aof the cam follower 115 abuts on the operative arm 111aof the stopper 111 to rotate the stopper 111 in the direction A so as to release it. When the process cartridge 101 is further inserted in the direction of the arrow H, the cam top side portion 114aof the cam 114 abuts on an abutting portion 115bof the cam follower 115 to rotate the seal winding shaft 108 in the direction B. After the cam 114 has rotated the shaft 108 to wind up a sufficient amount of the toner seal 107 to peel off the unsealing-start welded portion (the range D in FIG. 9) thereof, the seal winding shaft 108 is rotated because of the restoring force of the constant-load spring 109 to wind up the toner seal 107. After rotating the cam 114 by a sufficient amount to peel off the unsealing-start welded portion of the toner seal 107, the cam follower 115 passes through the cam 114 and then reaches a position at which the cam 114 is allowed to run idly by means of the constant-load spring 109. After the toner seal has been wound up, the cam 114 is stopped at a position at which it does not abut on the cam follower 115, whereby it does not affect the subsequent detachment/attachment of the process cartridge. That is, the cam stop side portion 114arotates through about 180° (π rad) from the position in FIG. 15, so that a circular portion 114cis opposed to a corresponding side surface of the cam follower 115 in such a way as to be spaced therefrom. In this manner, the position of a winding end of the toner seal 107 is specified so that the circular portion 114cis opposed to the side surface of the cam follower 115. The use of the cam and the cam follower enables easer positioning than the use of the rack and pinion. In addition, a change in shape of the cam 114 enables the winding force to be regulated for the initial unsealing. By using a different combination of the cam and cam follower and the stopper 111, the process cartridge can be prevented from misuse.

[0094] According to this embodiment, the portion of the rack or cam follower that abuts on the stopper is provided integrally with the rack or cam follower, which is an operative member for releasing the stopper mechanism. However, the operative member having the abutting portion for releasing the stopper may be separate from the operative member for rotating the shaft 108 at the beginning of unsealing of the toner seal. seal.

[0095] If a biaxial reversely-wound constant-load spring is used as a drive source, the spring may come loose due to a large difference in the toner-seal unsealing force between the welded portions that are peeled off and the other tom-up portions.

[0096] Thus, the following embodiment provides an automatic toner seal unsealing mechanism using a constant-load spring wherein the toner-seal can be appropriately unsealed using the constant-load spring by providing conditions under which the spring is prevented from coming loose and reducing the difference in toner-seal unsealing strength.

[0097] This embodiment is a variant of the automatic toner-seal unsealing mechanism according to Embodiment 2 which is obtained by modifying part of this mechanism. Those components that are common to Embodiment 2 have the same reference numerals.

[0098] The cartridge installation means can be seen when a main-body cover 116 of the apparatus main body is opened around a hinge 116a, as shown in FIG. 16. Cartridge installation guide portions G are provided opposite to each other and to the right and left of a cartridge installation space in such a manner that their front side relative to the apparatus are lower than their rear side. These guide portions G operate as guides during insertion of the process cartridge 101. Bosses (not shown) projected from opposite longitudinal sides of the cartridge frame and ribs (not shown) following the bosses are guided on the guide portions G to insert the process cartridge 101, and the main-body cover 116 is then closed to install the process cartridge 101 in the image forming apparatus K. A pin 220 is fixedly installed near the cartridge installation space so as to operate on an automatic unsealing device for the process cartridge 101.

[0099] FIG. 24 is a front view showing an opening 106 in a toner container 104. The opening 106 is sealed by the toner seal 107 and unsealed when the process cartridge 101 is first used. The toner seal 107 has a cover-seal portion 107awelded at its welded portion 107cto a corresponding edge of the opening 106 so as to cover and seal the opening 106; a folded-back portion 107blocated on a side of the cover-seal portion 107acloser to the rear of the apparatus and at which the toner seal is folded back so as to overlap the cover-seal portion 107a; and a pullout portion 107dwith its end fixed to the winding shaft 108.

[0100] The welded portion 107chas an intermediate portion EEE stuck to the longitudinally (a direction parallel with the photosensitive member drum) elongate rectangular opening 106 along its longitudinal edges, an unsealing start portion DDD in the form of the bottom of a ship that follows a folded-back-portion-107b-side end of the intermediate portion EEE, and an unsealing end portion GG in the form of the bottom of a ship that follows the other end of the intermediate portion EEE. The welded portion 107csurrounds the opening 106.

[0101] The width W2 of the pullout portion 107dof the toner seal 107 is smaller than the width W1 of the intermediate portion EEE of the welded portion 107c, and the cover-seal portion is located within the welded portion 107c. Consequently, by pulling the pullout portion 107dof the toner seal 107, the unsealing start portion DDD of the cover-seal portion 107ais peeled off and the cover-seal portion 107ais torn up along a torn-up line TL to move the folded-back portion 107brightward in FIG. 24, thereby unsealing the toner seal.

[0102] FIG. 17 shows a perspective view of a toner container of a process cartridge comprising an automatic toner-seal unsealing mechanism based on a constant-load spring. In FIG. 17, the toner container 104 has both the seal winding shaft 108 and the constant-load spring 109, that is, a drive source provided at a side surface thereof, and the seal winding shaft 108 is rotatably supported by the toner container 104 or a cover (not shown) attached to the toner container. The seal winding shaft 108 has one end of the toner seal 107 fixed thereto by means of screwing, welding, or adhesion. In addition, one end of the constant-load spring 109 is also fixed to the seal winding shaft 108 by means of screwing, so that the toner seal 107 can be wound up by the rotation of the shaft effected by the restoring force of the constant-load spring 109. The constant-load spring 109 is wound up around the seal winding shaft 108 to generate a charge force, and the stopper 111 and a gear 209 are provided for holding the constant-load spring 109 in the charged state. The gear 209 is fixed to the winding shaft 108 so as to rotate therewith. In addition, the gear 209 has a projection 209a, with which the stopper 111 is brought in contact to hold the charged state. The stopper 111 has a bell crank 111brotatably provided on a shaft 111c. The other end 111bof the bell crank 111babuts on the projection 209ato stop the gear 209 from rotating. That is, the gear 209 is stopped from rotating because a tangent to a circle corresponding to a locus of motion of the center of the projection 209apasses through the center of a shaft 111cof the stopper 111. The constant-load spring 109, the stopper 111, and the gear 209 are accommodated inside the holder 112. The holder 112, which is fixed to a toner frame 104, rotatably supports one end of each of the winding shaft 108, the stopper shaft 111c, and the shaft of the constant-load spring 109. In addition, the holder 112 has a groove 112aformed in a side surface thereof. When the process cartridge 101 is installed in an image-forming-apparatus main body, a pin 220 in the image-forming-apparatus main body is inserted into the groove 112aand abuts on the bell crank 111a, one end 111aof which faces the groove 112a. Then, the bell crank 111arotates and the other end 111bthereof slips out from the projection 209ato release the charged state. As a result, the spring force of the constant-load spring 109 causes the winding shaft 108 to rotate to unseal the toner seal 107. If the constant-load spring is of a biaxial reversely-wound type, a small size can be used compared to the required torque, whereas the spring may come loose without a certain amount of loads, thereby preventing winding from being completed.

[0103] FIG. 19 shows a graph of the toner-seal unsealing strength and a corresponding pattern of the welded portion. The ordinate indicates the unsealing length, and the abscissa indicates a force applied in pulling the toner seal, that is, the unsealing strength. The force applied at the beginning of unsealing D is defined as Fa, the force applied in the intermediate portion E is defined as Fb, and the force applied at the end of unsealing G is defined as Fc. For Fa and Fc, the unsealing strength is large because of the need to peel off the welded portion. For Fb, the unsealing strength is small and steady because in this portion, the welded portion is not peeled off but the toner seal is torn up.

[0104] FIG. 20 shows a graph of the toner-seal unsealing strength and the relationship between a winding force Fd applied by the spring and a load Fc required to preclude the spring from loosening. Since the diameter of the wound toner seal increases linearly with its thickness as unsealing progresses, the winding force Fd decreases with increasing unsealing length. If the unsealing strength required to prevent the spring from loosening is defined as Fc, the welded portion of the beginning of unsealing can be wound up if the unsealing strength is as shown at a in FIG. 20. In this case, however, the spring comes loose because the unsealing strength in the intermediate portion (hereafter referred to as the “intermediate unsealing strength”) Fa is smaller than the required unsealing strength Fc. If the unsealing strength is as shown at b in FIG. 20, the intermediate portion can be completely unsealed because the intermediate unsealing strength Fb is larger than the required unsealing strength Fc, which prevents the spring from loosening. Complete unsealing of the intermediate portion allows the opening in the toner container to be entirely exposed, whereby no functional problem occurs without peeling off the unsealing-end welded portion.

[0105] FIG. 21 shows a modeled constant-load spring to indicate conditions under which the spring is prevented from loosening. The toner seal is wound up around a shaft 231, while the spring is wound up around a shaft 232. A force applied by the constant-load spring and a load F3 originating in the toner-seal unsealing strength act on the shaft 231, but a force F4 is intentionally applied to the shaft 231. Likewise, a restoring force F2 of the constant-load spring acts on the shaft 232. Torques effected around the shaft 231 by F1, F3, F4 are defined as T1, T3, T4, and a torque effected around the shaft 232 by F2 is defined as T2. In addition, if the radius of a portion of the shaft 231 around which the spring is wound beforehand is defined as R1, the radius of a portion of the shaft 231 around which the toner seal is wound up is defined as R3, and the radius of a portion of the shaft 232 around which the spring is wound up is defined as R2, then the following equations hold: T1=F1·R1, T2=F2·R2, T3=F3·R3, T4=F4·R3. When other load torques resulting from sliding friction or the like are defined as Tn1, Tn2, the spring does not come loose if T1−T3−T4−Tn1<T2−Tn2 because the spring is prevented from loosening if the torque acting on the shaft 231 is larger than that acting on the shaft 232. Accordingly, the intentionally applied load is determined to be T4≧T1−T2−T3−Tn1+Tn2 in terms of the torque around the shaft 231.

[0106] Thus, according to this embodiment, an oil damper 208 is added to the toner-seal winding shaft 108 as a load to increase the intermediate unsealing strength Fb, as shown in FIGS. 17 and 18. In FIGS. 17 and 18, the oil damper 208 is driven by a rotatable gear 211 meshing with the gear 209 fixed to the winding shaft 108. When the stopper 111 is released, the constant-load spring 109 starts being wound up in the direction d in FIG. 18. Then, the seal winding shaft 108 starts to rotate to unseal the toner seal 107 in a direction e. The gear 209 provided around the seal winding shaft 108 rotates therewith in a direction f, and the gear 211 for the oil damper 208 rotates in a direction g while applying a load to the gear 209. Action for increasing the intermediate unsealing strength Fb corresponds to application of F4 in FIG. 21. In this manner, by using for the winding shaft 108 the oil damper 208 with a resistance force increasing in proportion to the rotation speed, the load on the winding shaft 108 corresponding to the intermediate unsealing strength Fb can be increased so as to reduce the difference between this load and the load on the winding shaft 108 based on the unsealing strength Fa at the beginning of unsealing.

[0107] FIGS. 22A to 22C show examples of toner-seal welding patterns. In FIG. 22A, both a welding tip portion and a welding rear-end portion are in the form of the bottom of a ship, the welding angle at which the toner seal is stuck to the bottom of a ship is a, the welding width is h, and the unsealing strength Fa=Fa1. In FIG. 22B, the welding angle is β, the welding width is h, and the unsealing strength Fa=Fa2. Since α≧β, the unsealing strength Fa of the welded portion is Fa1>Fa2. In addition, in FIG. 22C, the welding angle is α and the welding width is h′. Since h≧h′, the unsealing strength Fa of the welded portion is Fa1≧Fa3. Reducing Fa serves to reduce the size of the constant-load spring, thereby enabling the strength of the shaft to be reduced.

[0108] Since the difference between Fa and Fb can be reduced by increasing the intermediate unsealing strength Fb while reducing the unsealing strength Fa at the beginning of unsealing, a required load is preferably applied to the toner seal winding shaft 108 by reducing Fa as much as possible and designing the spring 109 depending on the resulting strength value.

[0109] Specific examples of the angles α, β and the welding widths h, h′ are shown below:

[0110] Conventional angle α=about 145° (140×π/180≈0.78 πrad), conventional h=about 3 mm

[0111] Present angle α=about 90° (0.5 πrad), present h′=about 2 mm.

[0112] Although the process cartridges shown in the above embodiments are used to form monochromatic images, the cartridge according to the present invention is applicable not only to formation of monochromatic images but also to cartridges, provided with a plurality of developing means, for forming images in a plurality of colors (for example, bicolor, tricolor, or full-color images).

[0113] In addition, the present invention may use various developing methods such as the well-known two-component magnetic-brush developing method, the cascade-developing method, the touch-down developing method, and the cloud-developing method.

[0114] Further, the electrophotographic photosensitive member is not limited to the above photosensitive-member drum, but includes, for example, the following: First, the photosensitive member comprises a photoconductor including, for example, amorphous silicon, amorphous selenium, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, and an organic photoconductor (OPC). The shape for mounting the photosensitive member includes, for example, a drum-shaped or belt-shaped rotor and a sheet. In general, a drum-shaped or belt-shaped rotor is used, and a drum-type photosensitive member is obtained by depositing or coating a photoconductor on a cylinder such as an aluminum alloy.

[0115] In addition, although the above embodiments use a so-called contact charging method as charging means, of course another conventional configuration may be used in which the surface of a photosensitive member drum is uniformly charged by providing metallic shields of aluminum or the like around a tungsten wire at three sides thereof, applying a high voltage to the tungsten wire, and moving the resulting positive or negative ions to the surface of the drum.

[0116] In addition to the above roller type, the charging means may be of a blade (charging blade), a pad, a block, a rod, or a wire type.

[0117] Further, the cleaning means for use in cleaning a residual toner on the photosensitive member drum may comprise a fur brush or a magnetic brush instead of the above cleaning blade.

[0118] In addition, the above-described process cartridge comprises, for example, an electrophotographic photosensitive member and at least one process means. Thus, in addition to the above embodiments, the aspects of the process cartridge include, for example, one comprising an electrophotographic photosensitive member, developing means, charging means integrated into a cartridge that is detachably attachable to the image-forming-apparatus main body, one comprising an electrophotographic photosensitive member and developing means integrated into a cartridge that is detachably attachable to the image-forming-apparatus main body, and one comprising an electrophotographic photosensitive member, developing means, and cleaning means integrated into a cartridge that is detachably attachable to the apparatus main body.

[0119] That is, the above-described process cartridge comprises at least one of charging means and cleaning means, an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and developing means integrated into a cartridge that is detachably attachable to the apparatus main body. Furthermore, it may comprise at least developing means and an electrophotographic photosensitive member integrated into a cartridge that is detachably attachable to the image forming apparatus main body. This process cartridge may be detachably attachable to the apparatus main body by the user. Thus, the user can perform maintenance work for the apparatus main body.

[0120] Furthermore, although the above embodiments illustrate the laser beam printer as an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, the present invention need not be limited to this aspect, but is of course applicable to other electrophotographic image forming apparatuses such as electrophotographic copiers, facsimile terminal equipment, or word processors.

[0121] Although in the above embodiments, the developer container is contained in part of the process cartridge and is detachably attachable to the image forming apparatus main body, the developer container may solely be detachably attachable to the image-forming-apparatus main body.

[0122] In addition, a developing device comprising a developing container and a developer container may be provided as a developing cartridge that is detachably attachable to the image-forming-apparatus main body.