US 6,330,341 B1Grant
Method and apparatus for hair color characterization and treatment
Issue Date:2001-12-11
•14 Claims
•6 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
Methods and apparatus for determining accurate hair color classifications and appropriate coloring agents to bring about a selected change of color include a table of hair color classifications, a color measuring instrument to arrive at Hunter L, a and b for use in identifying a particular classification from the table and a database that identifies appropriate coloring agents based on a selection of coloring actions from a menu and the classifications of hair color.
Metadata
Assignee
- Chromatics Color Sciences International, Inc.
Inventors
- Darby Simpson Macfarlane
- David Kenneth Macfarlane
- Fred W. Billmeyer, Jr.
Application Information
Application Number:US 08/939,597
Filing Date:1997-09-29
Priority Date:1994-05-09
Art Unit:7
Classifications
IPC:
G06K 900
Field of Search:
382100424 7011322081321501322031322091322028127518425700 90
Patent Drawings (6 sheets)
Description
[0002] This is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/657,590, filed Jun. 7, 1996, and a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/476,809, filed Jun. 8, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,067,504, and a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/239,733, filed May 9, 1994, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,671,735. No right of priority is claimed based upon any application filed earlier than May 9, 1994.
Technical Field of the Invention
[0003] This invention relates to a method and apparatus for the classification of hair color and hair color treatment agents for their interrelationship, and more particularly to a process and instrument for measuring color characteristics of hair color and classifiying it and determining the effect of a wide variety of hair coloring agents thereon.
Background of the Invention
[0004] Hair coloring agent choices are often made by a consumer based on relatively vague indications of the color to be expected as a result of the use of the agent on an individual person's hair. This approach does not take into consideration the color of the hair that is to be treated and how interaction of that particular individual's hair color with the coloring agent will affect the resultant color.
[0005] No reliable source of information has been available to a private consumer regarding what the actual color of her or his hair is and what hair coloring agent will provide the hair color alteration that consumer seeks.
[0006] Consequently it can be seen there exists a need for procedures and apparatus that will accurately characterize an individual's hair color to enable selection of appropriate coloring agents for a desired color result. Likewise there exists a need for a reliable process and instrumentation to permit the use of the accurate color-characterization of an individual's hair color in the selection of hair coloring agents to effect hair color alterations of a type desired by the individual.
Brief Summary of the Invention
[0007] According to this invention there is provided a method and apparatus for accurately characterizing the hair color of individuals to enable identification of the hair color and products suitable to achieve a desired change in hair color, and more particularly a method and apparatus for measuring color factors in an individual's hair color to assign that hair color to a classification previously determined to interact with identified hair coloring agents to bring about predictable color changes.
[0008] Through experimentation over a prolonged period, the applicants were able to compile a vast amount of information relating to coloration of virtually every imaginable hair color. Thousands of individual hair samples were treated with many various coloring agents. The hair color before and after such treatment was accurately, scientifically measured and characterized using known, reliable color measurement. Hair color was then assembled into a large number of categories based on ranges of the measured color factors. A database was assembled comprising the desired changes available through various hair coloring agents and the particular agents that would effect those changes in human hair to the various categories.
[0009] Instrumentation was implemented to measure from an individual's hair the color factors that operate to place the hair color in one of the numerous hair color classifications and to identify that classification to the individual or the individual's hair specialist. In addition, the instrumentation was arranged to allow for selection of a desired alteration in hair color, and on the basis of the gathered empirical data, hair coloring agents capable of effecting the desired change were located from within a database.
[0010] In an embodiment of the invention, the process for hair color analysis is carried out by measuring with a measuring instrument the values of a number of color factors in the color of an individual's hair at various sites, and then providing an indicator or table having a large number of hair color classifications defining ranges of those same color factors, and finally comparing the color factors of the indicator or table to the measured color factors to arrive at a classification of the individual's hair color.
[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the invention just described the color factors were Hunter L, a and b.
[0012] In an instrumentation implementing the process just described, a colorimeter was used to measure the color factors. The indicator or table having a large number of color classifications was retained in computer memory, and the comparison was made electronically between the memory-retained classifications and the measured color factors.
[0013] To use the process just described a list or menu of possible choices for varying hair color was presented. Upon selection, that choice, along with the hair color classification as previously determined, is used together with a database of hair color classifications and associated product identifications empirically determined to effect the presented choices of color changes to locate in that database previously tested hair coloring agents capable of effecting the chosen action.
[0014] In one further embodiment of the process described, the color factors measured in an individual's hair color were Hunter L, a and b. Classifications of hair color provided in the indicator or table were percentages of grey in the hair of the individual. This embodiment enables the coloring of grey hair or partially grey hair to obtain an individual's natural hair coloring or another preferred hair color. This procedure required the selection of one of a number of categories of hair colors such as “light brown,” “darkest blond,” “light red,” etc. The indicator or table that identified various hair color classifications was divided among broad hair color families or groups of categories, and for an individual the particular hair family division of the indicator associated with that individual's broad family of hair color was found. The ranges of color factors in that division were then compared with the factors measured in the individual's hair to arrive at a classification.
[0015] In another embodiment of the invention, to arrive at a hair color treatment agent, a database of hair color treatment agents and classifications of color characteristics of individuals was compiled and an individual's color characteristics were determined by measurement of color factors, followed by comparison of those color factors with ranges contained in the database. In one embodiment the color characteristic of the individual that provided the basis for comparison was skin color.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0016] In the Drawings
[0017] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustration of an instrument for determining hair color Hunter L, a and b values and for comparing those with hair color classifications previously determined and stored in memory.
[0018] FIG. 1ais a diagrammatic illustration of exemplary memory content in an instrument like that of FIG. 1.
[0019] FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration in block diagram form illustrating the steps in the process of arriving at hair color classification of an individual.
[0020] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration in block diagram form illustrating the steps in the process of using hair color classification and a database to arrive at a coloring agent for making a selected alteration in hair color.
[0021] FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration in block diagram form illustrating the steps in the process of arriving at hair color classification of a greying individual.
[0022] FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration in block diagram form illustrating the steps in the process of using hair color classification of a greying individual and a database to arrive at a coloring agent for making selected alteration in hair color.
[0023] FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration in block diagram form illustrating the steps in the process of arriving at hair color treatment agents based upon a database of agents and individual skin color characteristics.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment
[0024] Any modern version of two general types of color-measuring instruments, colorimeters and spectrophotometers, is an example of instruments suitable for the hair color measurement according to a preferred embodiment of this invention. The basic components of either type of instrument are a light source, a sample illumination and viewing arrangement, a means of selecting certain wavelengths of light for the measurement, a detector of the light reflected from the sample, and some relatively simple computing capacity. In commercially available instruments the main purposes of the computing capacity are to store and apply calibration information and to calculate various color coordinates for later use. In FIG. 1, a color measuring instrument 10 is illustrated. An individual person's hair 11 is illuminated by the instrument as generally indicated by the broken line arrow 12, and the instrument receives illumination reflected from the hair 11 as generally indicated by the broken line arrow 13. Based on the illumination received by reflection from the hair, the instrument 10 develops the coordinates Y, x and y. In FIG. 1 the instrument 10 is a colorimeter, commercially available and suitable for development of the values Y, x and y.
[0025] Another type of instrument that can be used in the hair color categorization method according to this invention is the spectrophotometer that measures the hair reflectance at discrete wavelengths and from these data derives tristimulus values, from which can be computed the Hunter color values used to measure hair color for the purposes discussed below.
[0026] Important to the use of a commercial colorimeter of the kind employed for the color measurement instrument 10 of FIG. 1 is the calibration of the instrument using a standard. In the early use of an instrument of this kind by the inventors, the “Light Skin” sample from the Macbeth Color Checker, described in the publication of C. S. McCamy, H. Marcus, and J. G. Davidson, “A Color-Rendition Chart,” J. Appl. Photogr. Eng. 2, 95-99 (1976) was used. A tile of this approximate color was selected for its greater durability as an instrument standard. It was found, however, that the use of the “Light Skin” painted paper as the primary standard did not adequately avoid the phenomenon known as metamerism, by which objects that look alike (have the same perceived color) under some kinds of light sources or to some observers but do not match under other types of light sources or to other observers. By this phenomenon colorimeters may not read their colors the same as the average human observer would under the daylight type light source usually employed for visual observation. This, then could lead to an error in colorimeter calibration.
[0027] As an improved primary standard, the skin of a subject whose skin color measurements were highly reproducible and in the approximate center of the range of skin colors of the human population was selected. The spectral reflectance factors of the skin of this subject were carefully measured on a Macbeth 1500 Plus spectrophotometer (Macbeth, New Windsor, N.Y.); these data are given in column 2 of Table a at the wavelengths listed in column 1. By using well-established techniques of computer color matching, carried out on an ACS 1800 system equipped with an ACS SpectroSensor II color measuring instrument (Datacolor International, Lawrenceville, N.J.) a colorant formulation matching this skin color was developed. The spectral reflectance factors for this match are given in column 3 of Table a. It may be seen that the data closely match those of column 2, indicating the absence of metamerism. Calculations according to the CIE 1976 CIELAB system showed that the two data sets match to within 0.27-0.36 units, less than can be perceived by human color vision, for daylight, incandescent light, and cool white fluorescent light, the three most commonly used light sources for the proposed applications.
[0028] The above-mentioned formulation was made up in a stable, durable material, and tiles were prepared as instrument standards. The spectral reflectance factors of one of these tiles are given in column 4 of Table a. It was found, however, that the improvement in calibration resulted in color coordinates that were significantly different from those obtained in the many studies made with the earlier system. A decision was made to adjust the calibration values of the new tiles in order to achieve consistent results between the new and old methods of calibration. Column 5 of Table a gives the adjusted set of spectral reflectance factors for the tile of column 4. The CIE and Hunter color coordinates, for measurement with the specular component excluded and calculated for CIE standard illuminant C and the 1931 2° CIE standard observer, are also tabulated for each of the samples in the table.
[0029] With a suitable standard, basically, calibration is carried out by forcing the colorimeter 10 to give the desired color coordinates Y, x and y mentioned above, while utilizing the colorimeter with the standard tile chosen. The method of calibration is known for particular instruments and follows a series of steps prescribed by the manufacturer that need not be detailed here.
[0030] In hair color analysis, prior to each test of a subject the subject's hair should be free of dirt. The site should be well dried to avoid any wetness which may interfere with the reflection of light from the hair 11 to the instrument 10. In all cases with the instrument correctly calibrated, the instrument's measuring head or instrument orifice is placed against the site to be measured. Care is taken to avoid the admission of ambient light to the instrument. Pressing the instrument head firmly against the measurement site prevents the entry of ambient light. Additionally, it was determined that best results are obtained if one removes the instrument from the measurement site briefly, between illuminations. This can be provided for in software by a conventional delaying routine and, if desired, with an appropriate display instructing the user to remove the instrument briefly well away from the subject's hair.
[0031] In a colorimeter of the type shown in FIG. 1, at block 10 the instrument has an internal microprocessor or other computing capability so that it is able to develop the color coordinates Y, x and y from the measured values X, Y and Z (Y being the same in each case). Certain colorimeters develop the Hunter color coordinates L, a and b. Since the degree of computation that the color measuring device 10 (i.e. colormeter or spectrophotometer) internally performs varies, the manner of calculating the Hunter values from the tristimulus coordinates is useful to an understanding and practice of the invention and will enable correct use of a CPU by appropriate calculation to perform the invention with any commercially available colormeter or spectrophotometer. Most modern color measuring instruments begin with measurement of the tristimulus values X, Y and Z. From these can be derived the CIE chromaticity coordinates x and y:
[0032] x=X/(X+Y+Z) (1)
[0033] y=Y/(X+Y+Z) (2)
[0034] The instrument 10 of FIG. 1 outputs the triplet of values x, y and Y as the starting point for further calculations by a central processing unit which can be dedicated microprocessor circuitry or personal computer 15. The remaining two tristimulus values X and Z are available by computation as follows:
[0035] X=xY/y, (3)
[0036] and
[0037] Z=(1−x−y)Y/y (4)
[0038] In the preferred embodiment, in any event, the CPU according to FIG. 1 develops the Hunter values L, a and b. The Hunter L,a and b values are the three values derived by Richard S. Hunter in 1958. Richard S. Hunter, “Photoelectric Color Difference Meter,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 48, 985-995 (1958). The equations for these are:
[0039] L=10(Y)½ (5)
[0040] a=17.5(1.02X−Y)/Y½ (6)
[0041] b=7.0(Y−0.847Z)/Y½ (7)
[0042] where L is a lightness coordinate whose values correlate better with the visual perceptions of the lightness of object colors than do values of Y; a is a coordinate denoting redness or greenness, for which positive values denote that the color is red rather than its opponent color green, and negative values of a denote the opposite; and b is a yellowness-blueness coordinate, for which positive values denote that the color is yellow rather than the opponent color blue, and negative values of b denote the opposite. For yellow colors, starting with a=b=0 and an appropriate high value of L, which would be a light grey, increasing positive values of b result in a series of colors that may be described as light yellowish grey, pale yellow, light yellow, brilliant yellow and vivid yellow, in turn. Thus b is a measure of the “intensity” of the yellow color.
[0043] In the particular arrangement of FIG. 1, wherein the colormeter 10 produces the values Y, x and y, the computer 15 derives the Hunter values L, a and b.
[0044] Following the procedure represented in FIG. 2, the colorimeter is calibrated as described above. The values of Y, x and y are measured for each of multiple sites on the subject's hair. Preferably the top, each side, the back of the subject's head, the color of the hair at the roots and at its ends, are measured. Three measurements are taken at each site and are averaged to arrive at an Y, x and y for each site and, from the average for each site, Hunter L, a and b for each site is calculated.
[0045] The values of Hunter L, a and b are compared to the values of Hunter L, a and b of the color categories 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 etc. of the Hair Categories table of Appendix A. This, then, identifies the category of the subject's hair coloring at each of the measured sites. Each Hair Category in the table of Appendix A has in association with it the hair color name, such as Black-Cool, Darkest Dark Brown-Cool, etc., an identification of one or more manufacturer's “Levels” which are commonly indicated upon a manufacturer's product to indicate products recommended for individuals with particular hair color. In other words, the identification of hair category or classification can also indicate to the subject or the subject's hair specialist the designation or level that the subject should seek out in a particular manufacturer's line of products. The Hair Categories table of Appendix A may further identify for the subject or his or her specialist the pigment designation given by the manufacturers to the particular color.
[0046] The hair color categories for the several measured sites, then, can be used by the subject or her or his hair specialist to allow for accurate assessment of the hair color to be dyed and to choose a product for hair coloring. As will be appreciated, the category or classification may vary from site to site and this will inform the subject or specialist whether it will be necessary to use varying products or longer or shorter periods of application at varying sites to achieve a hair coloration desired. In other words, dark roots might be treated differently than light ends.
[0047] In accordance with the further method according to FIG. 3, a hair coloring agent recommendation is made to achieve a subject's desired coloration change. Once having determined the correct color categories for each measured site, a menu of possible actions (Appendix B) affecting hair color is displayed and one such action is chosen by the subject or hair specialist. Using that selection and the hair color category, a database (Appendix C) is consulted as indicated at step 7 and at step 8 products are identified from Appendix D of a given manufacturer that will accomplish the sought-after result.
[0048] The menu of hair color action choices available in step 6 is appended as Appendix B.
[0049] The database used in step 7 to arrive at a particular product that will effect the chosen hair color option for the particular person's hair category is attached as Appendix C. Certain codes in this appendix that are used by this database require explanation. The same 75 hair color categories 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., and category names as appear in the table of Appendix A are listed under the heading “Category Name.” Also under “Category Name” the Category Group, A, B, C, D, etc. is designated as in the Appendix A table. Next, the ranges of Hunter L, a and b defining the category appear. Under the heading “CW Level” one of four levels of cool to warm is listed. In these the numeral “1” is coolest, “2” is a border color on the cool side of the cool-warm boundary, “3” is a warm color on the warm side of the cool-warm boundary, and “4” is a warm color. The “Level” column lists again the product manufacturer's “Level” designations like those listed in Appendix A.
[0050] In the Appendix C database, two manufacturers are listed for each category. Opposite each appears a series of numbers such as −1:01−2:01+1:02+2:02. In each of these numbers the first digit represents an action which may be chosen from the menu of hair color options. For example in −1:01, the number “−1” making hair color slightly darker. The number “−2” means “darker,” which is somewhat more darkening than “slightly darker.” The number “+1” means “slightly lighter” and the number “+2” means “lighter,” e.g. somewhat more lightening than “slightly lighter.” The number after the (:), “01,” is a direction to go to category group A. In category Group A, then, are identified the manufacturer products of :011. An index, Appendix D hereto, identifies products of each manufacturer. These are the products that will have the desired effect.
[0051] From the database of Appendix C it will be seen, then, that, for example, to darken hair of Categories 2, 3, 4 and 5, “01” appears, making reference to Category Group A1.
[0052] The database appended as Appendix B was developed empirically by, first, measuring the Hunter L, a and b of an enormous number of sample hairs from the numerous Categories, then applying the colorants of the manufacturers to these hairs and again measuring the Hunter L, a and b to determine the color change effect of the hairs thus colored. This was done as well for the lighter ends of these hairs and for darker roots. This was also done for greying hair for use in the grey hair program described below. In this fashion the database of Appendix B was built.
[0053] Turning to the block diagram of FIG. 4, characterization of greying hair can be accomplished, following calibration of the instrument at step one, by selecting one's natural color from the following List Of Natural Hair Color Options.
[0054] (Appendix E)
[0055] Again, at step three Y, x and y for the natural hair is identified, either by measurement at a natural hair color site on the individual or by the individual's identifying hair swatches considered to be his or her natural color. From Y, x and y, Hunter L, a and b—three measurements are taken and then averaged to reach average Hunter L, a and b, or in the case of the swatch this may already have been done so that Hunter L, a and b for the swatch is known.
[0056] Further sites containing grey are then measured at step 4 to arrive at Y, x and y for these additional sites, which again may be the sides, top, back of the head, roots and ends. The same procedure is followed with three measurements per site to reach average Y, x and y for each site and thereafter calculating average L, a and b for each site. With the Hunter L, a and b for natural hair and the Hunter L, a and b for the greying hair determined, the table entitled “Calculation of Percentage of Grey Hair,” Appendix F, is consulted, which defines the grey hair categories on the basis of percentage of grey.
[0057] The percentage grey thus identified is displayed and this represents the category for an individual with greying hair. This characterization is used similarly to the previously described characterization or category of the table of hair categories attached at Appendix A.
[0058] In FIG. 5 the use of the grey hair identification as just described in a procedure for identifying colorants to achieve a desired result is indicated. After calibration of the instrument as described, the steps previously discussed in connection with FIG. 4 are followed to identify the category of greying hair. Then, at step 7 from the menu of options appearing above, a selection of one of the 35 choices is made. With that, now the database of Appendix C can be used in exactly the same manner as described previously. That is to say, the category of hair is found, the option selected is chosen as −1, −2, +1 or +2. The Category Group designator, 01, 02, 03, etc. is used to identify the appropriate category family to go to and in that category family is found the identifier of manufacturer's hair colorants that will produce the desired result which is found in Appendix D.
[0059] In FIG. 6, a method of using an indicator table to choose hair coloring agents for compatibility with skin coloration entails taking 5 measurements for the subjects right cheek and calculating Y, x and y, following calibration of the instrument. Out of range readings are discarded prior to calculation of Hunter L, a and b based on the remaining three averaged Y, x and y readings. Using the value of Hunter b at step 5, it is determined whether the skin tone type is less than 11.5 and consequently cool or equal to or higher than 11.5 and therefore warm. Using this cool or warm designation the Table attached as Appendix F is consulted to arrive at hair color recommendations.
[0060] Appendix F is developed by assessment of Hunter b in the products listed to assess the warmness or coolness of those products and products are recommended that have the same proportion of yellow to blue as does the measured skin color.
[0061] In FIG. 1 the colorimeter 10 provides Y, x and y to the computer 15. The computer's memory 17 is divided into RAM and ROM.
[0062] In the system of FIG. 1, following the routine of FIG. 2, the CPU or central processing unit of the computer calculates the Hunter values L, a and b and stores these at selected addresses of the data portion or RAM of memory 17. The data RAM (or nonprogram) portion 18 of the memory 17 is indicated in FIG. 1a.A relatively permanent section 18aof RAM 18 stores the data of Table I. A more often revised memory segment stores the results of the measurements performed with the instrument. Based on a relatively straightforward program retained in the permanent ROM memory, from the measurements taken at intervals, the CPU calculates new values of L, a and b. The CPU compares these to the L, a and b values in Table I and indicates the appropriate hair color category from Table I, for example on the display 20.
[0063] To perform the procedure according to FIG. 3, the RAM memory 18 contains as well the information of the menu of options in Table II, Appendix B. These are called up and displayed at display 20 and, using an input device such as a keyboard 22 or a mouse, a selection is made. The selection is retained in the more temporary portion 18bof the RAM 18.
[0064] The CPU consults the Table III database of Appendix C, in the more permanent RAM section 18aand pulls up the appropriate manufacturer's product identifications in the Table IV, Appendix D for the choice of menu items and the hair color category. These are displayed on the display 20.
[0065] To accomplish the procedure of FIG. 4 the computer 15's RAM 18 retains the Table I information which includes the greying hair categories 61 to 68 and the Table VI, Appendix F information giving the manner of arriving at percentage of grey hair. The CPU inquires of the user via the display or measurement and is given the natural hair color via the input. The CPU uses the Hunter L, a and b values and Table I to determine Color Category or if Table I does not yield a category the Table VI information is employed with L to arrive at a Category using Table VI. The category is displayed.
[0066] To perform the procedures of FIG. 5, the CPU determines the category-percentage of grey hair as above, from either Table I or Table VI. The menu of selections, Table II is displayed and a choice is indicated. Using the choice and the category identified the Table III database is used to indicate a group or “file” of manufacturer's products in Table IV, which are then displayed on the display 20.
[0067] For the choice of hair coloring agent based on skin color the CPU determines if Hunter b is above or below 11.5 and based on this available selections from Table VII, Appendix G are chosen and displayed.
[0068] While particular preferred embodiments of the invention have been described and illustrated, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that revisions can be made without departure from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims
We claim:
1. A method of identifying a hair color treatment agent, comprising:
(a) identifying a color characteristic of an individual by measurement of color factors associated with the individual's color characteristics; and
(b) providing a database of hair color treatment agents and preestablished classifications of color characteristics of individuals in association therewith, said classifications of color characteristics being defined by preestablished ranges of values of said color factors.
2. The method of identifying a hair color treatment according to claim 1 wherein th color characteristic is skin color.
3. A system for identifying a hair color treatment agent, including:
means for identifying a color characteristic of an individual by measurement of color factors associated with the individual's color characteristics; and
a database in memory of hair color treatment agents and preestablished classifications of color characteristics of individuals in association therewith, said classifications of color characteristics being defined by preestablished ranges of values of said color factors.
4. The system for identifying a hair color treatment agent according to claim 3 wherein the color characteristic is skin color.
5. A process for identifying a hair coloring agent, said process comprising:
(a) identifying a color characteristic of a hair coloring agent by measuring with a color measuring instrument the value of at least one color factor associated with the color characteristic of said hair coloring agent;
(b) providing a data base of preestablished ranges of values of color factors associated with the color characteristics of at least one hair color classification; and
(c) associating said color characteristic of the hair coloring agent with at least one range of value of color values of factors within said data base.
6. A process for classifying a hair coloring agent, said process comprising:
(a) identifying a color characteristic of a hair coloring agent, when applied to a hair color sample, by measuring with a measuring instrument the value of at least one color factor associated with the color characteristic of said hair coloring agent, when applied to a hair color sample of at least one hair color classification;
(b) providing a data base of preestablished ranges of values of color factors associated with the color characteristics of at least one hair color classification; and
(c) associating said color characteristic of the hair coloring agent, when applied to said hair color sample, with at least one range of values of color factors within said data base.
7. A process for identifying a hair coloring agent, said process comprising:
(a) identifying a color characteristic of a hair coloring agent by measuring with a color measuring instrument the value of at least one color factor associated with the color characteristic of said hair coloring agent;
(b) providing a data base of color characteristics of hair coloring agents and preestablished ranges of values of said at least one color factor of hair coloring agents associated therewith; and
(c) associating said color characteristic of the hair coloring agent with at least one color characteristic within said data base.
8. A process for classifying a hair coloring agent, said process comprising:
(a) identifying a color characteristic of a hair coloring agent, when applied to a hair color sample, by measuring with a color measuring instrument the value of at least one color factor associated with the color characteristic of said hair coloring agent, when applied to a hair color sample of at least one hair color classification;
(b) providing a data base of color characteristics of hair coloring agents and preestablished ranges of values of said at least one color factor of hair coloring agents, when applied to a hair color sample of said at least one hair color classification, associated therewith;
(c) associating said color characteristic of the hair coloring agent, when applied to said hair color sample, with at least one range of color factors within said data base.
9. An apparatus for identifying a hair coloring agent, comprising:
means for measuring the value of at least one color factor of a hair coloring agent, said color factor being associated with a color characteristic of said hair coloring agent; and
a data base of color characteristics of hair coloring agents and preestablished ranges of associated color factor values of hair coloring agents; and
means for associating said color characteristic of said hair coloring agent with at least one color characteristic within said data base.
10. An apparatus for identifying a hair coloring agent, said apparatus comprising:
(a) a means for measuring at least one color factor associated with a color characteristic of a hair coloring agent, said at least one color factor being selected from a color factor which is substantially that of color factor Hunter L, a color factor which is substantially that of color factor Hunter b and a color factor which is substantially that of color factor Hunter a;
(b) a database of color characteristics of hair coloring agents and preestablished ranges of values of said at least one color factor associated therewith; and
(c) means for using said measurement of said at least one color factor to identify said hair coloring agent by identifying said associated color characteristic within said data base.
11. Apparatus for identifying a hair coloring agent, said apparatus comprising:
(a) means for identifying a color characteristic of a hair coloring agent by measuring with a color measuring instrument the value of at least one color factor associated with the color characteristic of said hair coloring agent;
(b) a data base of preestablished ranges of values of color factors associated with the color characteristics of at least one hair color classification; and
(c) means for associating said color characteristic of the hair coloring agent with at least one range of color factors within said data base.
12. Apparatus for classifying a hair coloring agent, said apparatus comprising:
(a) means for identifying a color characteristic of a hair coloring agent, when applied to a hair color sample, by measuring with a color measuring instrument the value of at least one color factor associated with the color characteristic of said hair coloring agent, when applied to a hair color sample of at least one hair color classification;
(b) a data base of preestablished ranges of values of color factors associated with the color characteristics of at least one hair color classification; and
(c) means for associating said color characteristic of the hair coloring agent, when applied to said hair color sample, with at least one range of values of color factors within said data base.
13. A process for establishing hair coloring agent classifications, said process comprising:
(a) measuring with a color measuring instrument the value of at least one color factor of a hair coloring agent; and
(b) associating said at least one color factor value measured with a preestablished range of color factor values representing at least one hair coloring agent classification.
14. Apparatus for establishing hair coloring agent classifications, said apparatus comprising:
(a) a color measuring instrument for measuring the value of at least one color factor of a hair coloring agent; and
(b) means for associating said at least one color factor value measured with a preestablished range of color factor values representing at least one hair coloring agent classification.
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