Optical module

[0002] The present invention relates to an optical module used for optical communication.

[0003] Conventionally, optical modules for optical communication can be classified into two types, a coaxial pigtail type, which is based on a can type and in which an optical waveguide, e.g., an optical fiber, and a semiconductor optical element are connected optically to each other through a lens, and a receptacle type in which an optical fiber can be attached or detached by means of a connector. Further, pump lasers or laser diode modules of a distribution-feedback type for optical fiber amplifiers include butterfly-type pigtail modules that include a cooler using a Peltier element. In order to obtain high reliability, in this case, the modules of the two types employ a hermetically sealed structure of metal or ceramics. An optical waveguide component, e.g., an optical fiber, receives light from a light emitting element, and is fixed to a module by soldering or YAG-laser welding when the quantity of light projected with the optical fiber being aligned attains a desired value.

[0004] On the other hand, optical modules of a new type have been developed in order to meet a demand for the reduction of costs to realize modern optical subscriber systems. An example is disclosed in the Telecommunications Society-Electronics Society Meeting Drafts C-296, 1996, for instance.

[0005] This optical module is characterized by being of a plane mounting type such that a dual inline (DIL) is used for a package.

[0006] In this optical module, a laser diode (hereinafter referred to as “LD”) is mounted highly accurately on a silicon substrate through picture recognition. A short optical waveguide component, such as an optical fiber, is fixed nonaligned by utilizing a V-groove on the side of light emission from the LD of the substrate. This optical module can be easily sealed by means of a resin adhesive agent. An end portion of the optical fiber may be of a detachable type based on a connector interface or of a pigtail type.

[0007] However, the aforesaid module has the following problems. In order to couple the optical waveguide component, such as an optical fiber, accurately to an optical element, the V-groove(s) of the silicon substrate must be worked with high accuracy of about 0.5 μm. If the optical fiber is a single fiber, the silicon substrate requires only one V-groove. In the case where a plurality of optical fibers are coupled to a plurality of semiconductor optical elements, however, a plurality of V-grooves must be worked with high accuracy.

[0008] Conventionally, a wet-etching method based on a potassium hydroxide solution or the like is used to work V-grooves on silicon substrates.

[0009] According to this method, however, the substrates are etched very dispersedly, so that it is hard uniformly to work fine V-grooves. In the case where a plurality of V-grooves are all worked uniformly, in particular, the yield of the resulting substrates is low. Moreover, the optical fibers, e.g., single-mode fibers, are fine, having diameters as small as about 125 μm, so that they cannot be handled with ease when they are positioned in the V-grooves of the silicon substrate. In positioning a plurality of optical fibers, such as tape fibers, in their corresponding V-grooves, in particular, the optical fibers are arranged so disorderly that they cannot be easily fixed to the V-grooves unless force is applied equally to every optical fiber.

[0010] The present invention has been contrived in consideration of these circumstances, and its object is to provide optical modules, which can be assembled with ease and of which substrates can be manufactured with good yield, whereby optical waveguide components, such as optical fibers, and semiconductor optical elements are coupled optically.

[0011] In order to achieve the above objects, according to the present invention, there is provided an optical module comprising a substrate, formed with wiring patterns for electrical signals and having a mounting surface mounted with one or more semiconductor optical elements, and a package in which the substrate is located, in which the substrate is formed with at least one first positioning section, the package is formed of a synthetic resin and includes a disposition section in which one or more optical waveguide components are opposed to the semiconductor optical elements, and a second positioning section adapted to engage the first positioning section, thereby positioning the semiconductor optical elements and the disposition section.

[0012] Preferably, the first positioning section is a V-groove formed in the mounting surface, and the second positioning section is a ridge.

[0013] Preferably, moreover, the optical waveguide component is an optical fiber, and the disposition section is a fiber hole.

[0014] Preferably, furthermore, the optical fiber is fixed to the fiber hole in a manner such that one end thereof projects toward the semiconductor optical element for 1 to 1,000 μm.

[0015] Preferably, the clearance between the fiber hole and the optical fiber at each end thereof ranges from 0.1 to 0.8 μm.

[0016] Preferably, moreover, the substrate is formed of silicon, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, or aluminum nitride.

[0017] Preferably, furthermore, the package is composed of first and second sections.

[0018] Preferably, the package is a tubular body having the disposition section formed in the front portion thereof and having the rear portion thereof open.

[0019] Preferably, moreover, the package includes a ferrule of ceramics or glass partially molded with a synthetic resin.

[0020] The synthetic resin that constitutes the package is not limited to any specific material only if it ensures high dimensional accuracy for molding. Usually, for example, it is a resin composition prepared by blending 100 parts by weight of a synthetic resin with 30 to 40 parts by weight of a filler. In the case of a filler-rich type (case of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS)), a resin component used is prepared by blending 100 parts by weight of a synthetic resin with 30 to 300 parts by weight of a filler.

[0021] Available synthetic resins for these resin compositions include, for example, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), liquid crystal plastic (LCP), totally aromatic polyester, polybenzimidazole (PBI), polyether-ether ketone (PEEK), polyether imide (PEI), polyether nitrile (PEN), polyether sulfone (PES), epoxy resins, etc.

[0022] The filler may be formed of any of free combinations of the aforesaid synthetic resins and silica, carbon, glass fibers, carbon fibers, aramid fibers, glass beads, etc.

[0023] In the optical module according to the present invention, the substrate can be positioned with respect to the package in a manner such that the first positioning section is caused to engage the second positioning section, and the semiconductor optical element and the disposition section, and therefore, the semiconductor optical element and the optical waveguide component, such as an optical fiber, can be positioned with high accuracy.

[0024] FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a first embodiment of an optical module according to the present invention;

[0025] FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a substrate of the optical module of FIG. 1;

[0026] FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a first package of the optical module of FIG. 1;

[0027] FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a second package of the optical module of FIG. 1;

[0028] FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the second package of FIG. 4 mounted with the substrate of FIG. 2;

[0029] FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the optical module of FIG. 1 taken along line VI—VI;

[0030] FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the optical module of FIG. 1 taken along line VII—VII;

[0031] FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing the way a V-groove as a first positioning section of the substrate and a second positioning section of the package engage each other in the optical module of FIG. 1;

[0032] FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing the way the first package is molded by using two molds and a core pin;

[0033] FIG. 10 is an enlarged plan view showing an aperture of the package with an optical fiber as an optical waveguide located in a disposition section;

[0034] FIG. 11 is a sectional view showing the way the optical fiber as the optical waveguide component and a semiconductor optical element are positioned when the V-groove as the first positioning section of the substrate and the second positioning section of the package are caused to engage each other in the optical module of FIG. 1;

[0035] FIG. 12 is a sectional view corresponding to FIG. 7, showing another example of the optical waveguide component located in the disposition section of the package;

[0036] FIG. 13 is a sectional view corresponding to FIG. 7, showing still another example of the optical waveguide component located in the disposition section of the package;

[0037] FIG. 14 is a sectional view showing a modification of the first package;

[0038] FIG. 15 is a sectional view- showing another modification of the firs package shown in FIG. 13;

[0039] FIG. 16 is a plan view showing a second embodiment of the optical module according to the present invention, in which a substrate is mounted in a second package;

[0040] FIG. 17 is a sectional view of the optical module of the second embodiment;

[0041] FIG. 18 is a sectional view of the optical module of FIG. 17 taken along line XVI—XVI;

[0042] FIG. 19 is a sectional view showing a third embodiment of the optical module according to the present invention;

[0043] FIG. 20 is a sectional view of the optical module of FIG. 19 taken along line XVIII—XVIII;

[0044] FIG. 21 is an opened-up view of the optical module of FIG. 19 taken from above;

[0045] FIG. 22 is a sectional view showing a fourth embodiment of the optical module according to the present invention;

[0046] FIG. 23 is a front view showing an example of a method for manufacturing a substrate used in the optical module of FIG. 22;

[0047] FIG. 24 is a sectional view showing a modification of the optical module of FIG. 22;

[0048] FIG. 25 is a plan view showing a modification of the substrate used in the optical module of FIG. 22;

[0049] FIG. 26 is a sectional view of the substrate of FIG. 25 cut along first slopes in the transverse direction; and

[0050] FIG. 27 is a sectional view of the substrate of FIG. 25 cut a along second slopes in the transverse direction.

[0051] Referring first to FIGS. 1 to 13, a first embodiment of an optical module according to the present invention will be described in detail.

[0052] As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, an optical module 1 comprises a substrate 2 and a package 6.

[0053] As shown in FIG. 2, the substrate 2 is a member with a length of 3.0 mm, width of 3.5 mm, and thickness of 1.0 mm, for example, in which an insulating layer 2ais formed on the surface of a silicon substrate. A plurality of electric wiring patterns 3 are formed in the center of a mounting surface 2bor the top surface of the substrate 2, and two V-grooves 2care provided on either side of these wiring patterns 3 in the transverse direction. Further, a semiconductor laser (hereinafter referred to simply as “LD”) 4 and an photo diode 5 are mounted on the front portion of the mounting surface 2bof the substrate 2, and are connected to the specific wiring patterns 3, individually. Besides silicon, for example, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and aluminum nitride may be used for the substrate 2. When these materials are used, the V-grooves are formed by cutting.

[0054] The LD 4 uses the mounting surface 2bas its reference plane, and is mounted on the mounting surface 2bby junction-down so that a light emitting portion (not shown) is situated in a position under and at a given distance from the mounting surface 2b. Further, the photo diode 5 monitors light emitted from the LD 4.

[0055] The V-grooves 2c, which are etched to a depth of about 150 μm with use of a potassium hydroxide solution, can enjoy satisfactory accuracy in positioning the substrate 2 and a first package 7 in a manner such that they engage ridges 7g(mentioned later) of the first package 7. When the substrate 2 is then etched in the potassium hydroxide solution, with use of a silicon crystal plane (001) as a reference, the V-groove 2chaving an angle of inclination θ of 54.7°, called a plane (111), can be formed with good reproducibility, as shown in FIG. 8.

[0056] The package 6 is formed of a resin composition that is prepared by blending 100 parts by weight of a synthetic resin, e.g., polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), which ensures high dimensional accuracy for molding, with 100 parts by weight of spherical silica as a filler, and includes the first package 7 and a second package 8.

[0057] The first package 7 is a platelike member that is put on the second package 8 from above so that the substrate 2 is held between the two packages 7 and 8, and is formed integrally with a front edge section 7a, pressure section 7b, rear plate section 7c, and rear edge section 7d, as shown in FIG. 3. For better understanding of the construction, the first package 7 shown in FIG. 3 is illustrated upside down, that is, with its bottom side upward and top side downward. The front edge section 7ais longitudinally penetrated by a fiber hole 7ein the center, through which an optical waveguide component, e.g., an optical fiber, is opposed to the LD 4. The pressure section 7bhas an aperture 7fformed in the center of its front portion that adjoins the front edge section 7a. The two ridges 7gare provided on either side of the bottom aperture 7f. As shown in FIG. 8, each ridge 7gengages its corresponding V-groove 2cof the substrate 2, thereby positioning the substrate 2 and the first package 7. Positioning the substrate 2 and the first package 7 requires use of at least one ridge 7g, and the ridges 7gare not limited in number. When the optical module 1 is assembled, therefore, the LD 4 and the optical fiber in the fiber hole 7ecan be positioned with high accuracy.

[0058] The first package 7 is molded so that the fiber hole 7e, which longitudinally penetrates the front edge section 7a, appropriately faces the LD 4 at both ends thereof, especially on the side of the substrate 2. As shown in FIG. 9, the first package 7 is molded by using an upper mold M_Uand a lower mold M_L. In the molding operation, a core pin P_c, which forms the fiber hole 7e, is held at two points. If this is done, the core pin P_ccannot be moved by the pressure of the resin during the molding operation, so that the fiber hole 7ecan be formed in the front edge section 7awith high accuracy.

[0059] Further, the diameter of the core pin P_cused is set so that the clearance between the fiber hole 7eand the optical fiber therein ranges from 0.1 to 0.8 μm at both ends of the fiber hole 7eto be formed, and that the distal end of the inserted fiber is restrained from moving excessively. If the optical fiber is a single-mode fiber with a diameter of 125 μm, for example, the diameter of the core pin P_cis set so that the diameter of the fiber hole 7eto be formed is 126 μm, which is a little greater than the fiber diameter. In consequence, the first package 7 can restrain the optical fiber in the fiber hole 7efrom moving at right angles to the optical axis, thereby accurately positioning the optical fiber and the LD 4, when the optical module is assembled.

[0060] As shown in FIG. 4. the second package 8 is a platelike member in which a mounting section 8aformed of an electrically conductive metal and a lead frame formed of a plurality of leads 9 are molded integrally. The mounting section 8aand the leads 9 are exposed on the surface. Each lead 9 extends outward in the transverse direction, and then rises up or hangs down. In the second package 8, moreover, a step section 8band an engaging wall 8care formed at its front and rear parts, respectively, and side walls 8dare provided on the transversely opposite sides. The mounting section 8ais molded in a position deviated rearward from the step section 8bas the aforesaid electrically conductive metal is molded.

[0061] The optical module 1 having the construction described above is assembled in the following manner.

[0062] First, as shown in FIG. 5, the substrate 2 shown in FIG. 2 is placed on the mounting section 8aof the second package 8 with its mounting surface 2bupward, and each wiring pattern 3 and its corresponding lead 9 are connected to each other by wire bonding using wiring 10, such as a gold wire. At this time, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 7, the substrate 2 is placed on the mounting section 8ain a manner such that a narrow gap is defined between the substrate 2 and the rear portion of the front edge section 7aof the first package 7.

[0063] Then, the front edge section 7aand the rear edge section 7dare located corresponding to the step section 8band the engaging wall 8c, respectively, and the pressure section 7band the rear plate section 7care situated between the two side walls 8d. In this state, the first package 7 is put on the substrate 2 from above so that the ridges 7gengage their corresponding V-grooves 2cof the substrate 2, whereby the substrate 2 is held between the two packages 7 and 8, as shown in FIG. 6.

[0064] By this time, the V-grooves 2care formed on the mounting surface 2bor the top surface of the substrate 2, so that the V-grooves 2ccan be watched as the ridges 7gare positioned. Thus, positioning the ridges 7gwith respect to the V-grooves 2cis easy. Further, the two packages 7 and 8 are bonded together by means of an adhesive agent, such as a thermosetting epoxy resin, previously applied to predetermined spots thereof.

[0065] Subsequently, an optical fiber O_Fhaving a polished end face is inserted into the fiber hole 7efrom the outside of the first package 7, as shown in FIG. 7, whereupon it is caused to abut against the front face of the substrate 2. As shown in FIG. 10, therefore, the optical fiber O_Fprojects from the front edge section 7aof the first package 7 toward the substrate 2 for a distance of 1 to 1,000 mm, which corresponds to the gap between the front edge section 7aand the substrate 2, so that positioning the optical fiber O_Fwith respect to the LD 4 in the direction of the optical axis is also easy.

[0066] The fiber hole 7eis formed in a manner such that the core pin P_ccan be held at two points by means of the upper and lower molds M_Uand M_L, and that the clearance between the fiber hole 7eand the optical fiber O_Franges from 0.1 to 0.8 μm. As shown in FIG. 11, therefore, a center C of the optical fiber O_Fand the light emitting portion (not shown) of the LD 4 can be accurately positioned with respect to a direction perpendicular to the optical axis. The outside end portion of the fiber hole 7emay be tapered outward so that the optical fiber O_Fcan be easily inserted therein.

[0067] Thereafter, the optical fiber O_Fis fixed to the fiber hole 7eby means of an adhesive agent, such as a thermosetting epoxy resin, and a synthetic resin, such as an epoxy resin stuffed with a silica filler, is loaded through the aperture 7fto protect the LD 4. Thereupon, assembling the optical module 1 of a pigtail type, in which the optical fiber O_Fprojects from the first package 7, is completed. The aperture 7fis loaded so that the synthetic resin is flush with the top surface of the first package 7, finally.

[0068] In the optical module of the present invention, as described above, the substrate 2 and the first package 7 are positioned by means of the V-grooves 2cand the ridges 7g, and the optical fiber O_F, an optical waveguide component, is fixed to the fiber hole 7eof the first package 7, not to the V-grooves, by adhesive bonding. Compared to a conventional optical module, therefore, the optical module of the invention can be assembled very easily.

[0069] The optical module 1 may be made removable by being constructed as a pigtail type using an optical fiber cord O_C, as shown in FIG. 12, or by using a ferrule F of a receptacle type, as shown in FIG. 13. As shown in FIG. 14, moreover, the front edge section 7aof the first package 7 may be provided with an integrally molded projection 7kin the form of a ferrule. In the optical module 1, moreover, a ferrule G of ceramics, such as zirconia, or glass may be molded integrally with the front edge portion of the first package 7, as shown in FIG. 15. With the arrangements shown in FIGS. 12 to 15, the optical module 1 can be assembled more easily.

[0070] In the case where the optical fiber cord O_Cis used, the first package 7 is designed so that the small-diameter fiber hole 7epenetrated by the optical fiber O_Fand a large-diameter through hole 7hpenetrated by the optical fiber cord O_Care formed on the inside of the front edge section 7athat faces the substrate 2 and on the outside, respectively, as shown in FIG. 12.

[0071] In the case where a ferrule F is used, on the other hand, the first package 7 is designed so that its front edge section 7ais formed having the small-diameter fiber hole 7epenetrated by the optical fiber O_F, which extends from the ferrule F, and a recess 7jto be fitted with the ferrule F, as shown in FIG. 13.

[0072] In the case where the ferrule G is molded on the front edge section of the first package 7, as shown in FIG. 15, moreover, the ferrule G is previously formed with a groove Gv on its rear portion that is to be embedded in the first package 7. With this arrangement, the ferrule G cannot easily slip out of the first package 7.

[0073] Referring now to FIGS. 16 to 18, an optical module that can be removably attached to a multifiber connector, called an MT connector (IEC61754-5), will be described as a second embodiment of the present invention.

[0074] An optical module 20 is provided with a substrate 21 and a package 25, which includes a first package 26 and a second package 27. The package 25 is formed of the same resin composition as the package 6 according to the first embodiment.

[0075] In the embodiments described hereinafter, the arrangements of individual members and the steps of procedure for assembling the optical module are the same as in the case of the first embodiment unless otherwise stated. In the description to follow, therefore, corresponding names or numerals are used to designate corresponding components, whereby a detailed description is simplified.

[0076] As shown in FIG. 16, four LDs 22 are arranged on a mounting surface 21bor the top surface of the substrate 21 in the transverse direction thereof, and as many wiring patterns 23 as them are formed correspondingly.

[0077] As shown in FIG. 18, the first package 26 is formed having four fiber holes 26eand pin holes 26hon either side of the four fiber holes 26e, in its front edge section 26a, and the wiring patterns 23 of the substrate 21 are connected to their corresponding leads 28 by means of wires 29 such as gold wires.

[0078] The optical module 20 according to the present embodiment is assembled in the following manner.

[0079] First, as shown in FIG. 16, the substrate 21 is placed on a mounting section 27aof the second package 27 with its mounting surface 21bupward, and each wiring pattern 23 and its corresponding lead 28 or the mounting surface 21bare connected to each other by means of the wire 29 such as a gold wire.

[0080] Then, the first package 26 is put on the substrate 21 from above so that its ridges 26gengage their corresponding V-grooves 21cof the substrate 21, and the two packages 26 and 27 are bonded together by means of an adhesive agent, such as a thermosetting epoxy resin, with the substrate 21 held between the packages 26 and 27, as shown in FIG. 17.

[0081] Subsequently, an optical fiber (not shown) cut to a given length in consideration of the length of the fiber holes 26eand having a polished end face is inserted into each fiber hole 26e, whereupon one end thereof abuts against the front face of the substrate 21 and the other end is exposed on the outer surface of the front edge section 26a.

[0082] The optical fiber may be each optical fiber core of a single fiber or a so-called tape fiber composed of a plurality of optical fibers arranged parallel at predetermined intervals. Thus, the optical fiber core, like the one according to the first embodiment, projects from the front edge section 26aof the first package 26 toward the substrate 21 for a distance of 1 to 1,000 μm, which corresponds to the gap between the front edge section 26aand the substrate 21. At this time, each fiber hole 26e, like that of the first package 7, is designed so that the clearance between the fiber hole 26eand the optical fiber ranges from 0.1 to 0.8 μm.

[0083] Thereafter, each optical fiber core is fixed to the fiber hole 26eby means of an adhesive agent, such as a thermosetting epoxy resin, and a synthetic resin, such as an epoxy resin stuffed with a silica filler, is loaded through an aperture 26fto protect each LD 22.

[0084] Finally, the light emission side of the front edge section 26ais polished together with the optical fiber, whereupon assembling the optical module 20 is completed.

[0085] When in service, therefore, the optical module 20 can be easily attached to or removed from the aforesaid MT connector by using guide pins (not shown) that are passed through the pin holes 26h, individually.

[0086] The optical module described herein uses the MT connector as the multifiber connector. It is to be understood, however, that the multifiber connector used in the optical module is not limited to the MT connector, and may be a miniature version of the MT connector.

[0087] Bumps on the leads may be used as alternative means for connecting the wiring patterns of the substrate and their corresponding leads.

[0088] Referring to FIGS. 19 to 21, a third embodiment of the optical module that use these bumps will be described.

[0089] An optical module 30 is provided with a substrate 31, package 35, and cap 37. FIG. 21 is an opened-up view of the optical module 30 taken from above.

[0090] In the substrate 31, an insulating layer (not shown) is formed on the surface of a silicon substrate. As shown in FIG. 21, a plurality of electric wiring patterns 32 are formed in the center of a mounting surface 31aor the top surface of the substrate 31, and two V-grooves 31bare provided on either side of these wiring patterns 32 in the transverse direction. Further, an LD 33 is mounted on the front portion of the mounting surface 31aof the substrate 31, and is connected to a specific one of the wiring patterns 32.

[0091] The package 35 is a member in the form of a square tube having its rear portion open. A fiber hole 35blongitudinally penetrates the near center of a front section 35a, while an aperture 35dis formed in the front portion of a top plate 35c.

[0092] The fiber hole 35b, like that of the package according to each of the foregoing embodiments, is designed so that the clearance between the fiber hole 35band an optical fiber ranges from 0.1 to 0.8 μm. The aperture 35dis formed in a position corresponding to the aperture according to each of the foregoing embodiments, e.g., the aperture 26fof the first package 26. A plurality of leads 36, each having a bump 36aon the front side thereof, are integrally molded on the inner surface of the top plate 35cso that their surfaces are exposed. Ridges 35e, which extend to the rear portion, are formed on either side of the aperture 35din the transverse direction.

[0093] The bump 36aon the front side of each lead 36 is formed in a position corresponding to each wiring pattern 32 on the substrate 31. Further, a recess 35ghaving a slightly depressed surface is formed in the inside front portion of a bottom plate 35f. The recess 35gis a portion in which the substrate 31 is positioned and the LD 33 is positioned with respect to the fiber hole 35b. The recess 35gis formed in a position such that an optical fiber (not shown) passed through the fiber hole 35bprojects inward for 1 to 1,000 μm when the optical fiber abuts against the front face of the substrate 31.

[0094] The cap 37 is a member that covers the rear portion of the package 35, and includes an insert section 37ainserted in the package 35 and a lid section 37bcovering the rear portion.

[0095] The optical module 30 according to the present embodiment, having the construction described above, is assembled in the following manner.

[0096] First, the V-grooves 31bare caused to engage the ridges 35e, and the substrate 31 is inserted into the package 35 through the rear portion thereof and positioned by means of the recess 35g. Thereupon, in the package 35, the bumps 36aindividually engage the wiring patterns 32 that are formed on the substrate 31, whereby the wiring patterns 32 and their corresponding leads 36 are connected electrically to one another, and the LD 33 is located in a proper position relative to the fiber hole 35b.

[0097] Then, the optical fiber (not shown) cut to a given length in consideration of the length of the fiber hole 35band the aforesaid projection length and having a polished end face is inserted into each fiber hole 35b, whereupon one end thereof abuts against the front face of the substrate 31 and the other end is exposed on the outer surface of the front section 35a. Thus, the optical fiber projects from the front section 35atoward the substrate 31 for 1 to 1,000 μm.

[0098] Subsequently, the optical fiber is fixed to the fiber hole 35bby means of an adhesive agent, such as a thermosetting epoxy resin, and a synthetic resin, such as an epoxy resin stuffed with a silica filler, is loaded through the aperture 35dto protect the LD 33.

[0099] Thereafter, the cap 37 is inserted into the package 35 through the rear portion thereof, and is bonded to the package 35 by means of an adhesive agent, such as a thermosetting epoxy resin, whereupon assembling the optical module 30 is completed.

[0100] Thus, in the optical module 30 of the present embodiment, the wiring patterns 32 of the substrate 31 and their corresponding leads 36 are connected electrically to one another by means of the bumps 36a, so that the assembling operation is easier than in the case where wire bonding is used for the connection.

[0101] Referring now to FIGS. 22 to 27, a fourth embodiment of the optical module according to the present invention will be described, in which a cylindrical package can be attached to and removed from the aforesaid MT connector. An optical module 40 according to the present embodiment is characterized in that a substrate is positioned by means of the inner wall of the package.

[0102] The optical module 40 is provided with a substrate 41 and a package 45.

[0103] In the substrate 41, whose basic construction is similar to that of the substrate 31 according to the third embodiment, electric wiring patterns (not shown) are formed on a mounting surface 41aor its top surface, and the front portion of the mounting surface 41ais mounted with an LD 42 that is connected to a predetermined wiring pattern. However, the substrate 41 is formed with positioning slopes 41bon either side in the transverse direction, in place of the V-grooves. As shown in FIG. 23, the substrate 41 is manufactured in a manner such that slopes F_Scorresponding to the slopes 41band a trapezoidal groove T are formed individually on the opposite sides and in the center of a silicon plate P_SI, which is equivalent to a double version of the substrate 41 and is mounted with LDs 42, by etching to a depth of d=300 μm with use of a potassium hydroxide solution, and the resulting plate is cut in the center of the trapezoidal groove T. It is to be understood, however, that the substrates 41 can be manufactured individually.

[0104] The slopes FS and the trapezoidal groove T can be formed into the slant surfaces of FIG. 23 called planes (111), having the angle of inclination θ of 54.7°, by being etched in the potassium hydroxide solution, with use of the silicon crystal plane (001) as a reference.

[0105] The package 45 is constructed substantially in the same manner as the package 35 according to the third embodiment. Slant surfaces 45athat engage the slopes 41bof the substrate 41 are formed individually on the opposite sides of the interior of the package 45, and two inverted-V-shaped ridges 45bare formed on the undersurface. Pin holes 45care formed individually on the transversely opposite sides.

[0106] The package 45 is formed having a portion (not shown) corresponding to the recess 35gaccording to the third embodiment, which is situated in a predetermined position inside and serves to regulate the position of the substrate 41 to be inserted therein.

[0107] Thus, in the optical module 40, the substrate 41 is inserted into the package 45 through its rear portion in a manner such that the slant surfaces 45aand the slopes 41bare caused to engage one another to position the substrate 41 with respect to the package 45. Thereupon, in the package 45, the wiring patterns formed on the substrate 41 and their corresponding leads are connected electrically to one another by means of bumps.

[0108] Then, an optical fiber (not shown) having a polished end face is inserted into a fiber hole in a manner such that one end thereof abuts against the front face of the substrate 41 and that the other end is exposed on the outer surface of the front portion of the package 45. Thus, the optical fiber projects toward the substrate 41 for 1 to 1,000 μm.

[0109] Subsequently, the optical fiber is fixed to the fiber hole by means of an adhesive agent, such as a thermosetting epoxy resin, and a synthetic resin, such as an epoxy resin stuffed with a silica filler, is loaded through an aperture 45dto protect the LD 42.

[0110] Thereafter, a cap is inserted into the package 45 through the rear portion thereof, and is bonded to the package 45 by means of an adhesive agent, such as a thermosetting epoxy resin, whereupon assembling the optical module 40 is completed.

[0111] In the package 45, as shown in FIG. 24, the substrate 41 can be positioned with use of ridges 45ehaving a convex sectional surface to engage the slopes 41bof the substrate 41, in place of the slant surfaces 45a.

[0112] In the substrate 41, moreover, the slopes formed on the transversely opposite sides may be formed of first slopes 41cand second slopes 41dwith the angle of inclination θ maintained, as shown in FIG. 25, so that the substrate 41 can be positioned roughly with respect to the package 45 in the initial stage of insertion and finely in the final stage of insertion. Thus, the first slopes 41care widened by deep etching, as shown in FIG. 26, while the second slopes 41dare made narrower than the first slopes 41cby shallow etching, as shown in FIG. 27.

[0113] According to the present invention, there may be provided optical modules, which can be assembled with ease and of which substrates can be manufactured with good yield, whereby optical waveguide components, such as optical fibers, and semiconductor optical elements are coupled optically.

[0114] The semiconductor optical elements and a disposition section are preferably positioned by means of a V-groove and a ridge, so that the substrate can be machined and positioned with ease.

[0115] The disposition section is preferably a fiber hole, so that an optical fiber can be suitably used as an optical waveguide component.

[0116] The optical fiber is preferably made to project toward the semiconductor optical element, so that positioning the optical fiber and the semiconductor optical element in the direction of the optical axis is easy.

[0117] A clearance between the fiber hole and the optical fiber preferably ranges from 0.1 to 0.8 μm, so that the distal end of the inserted fiber can be restrained from moving unduly when the optical fiber is inserted into the package, and the optical module can be assembled with ease.

[0118] The material of the substrate can be freely selected as one suited for etching or cutting, so that the material selection enjoys an increased degree of freedom.

[0119] The package preferably first and second sections, so that the substrate can be held with ease, and the optical module can be assembled easily.

[0120] According to the present invention, the substrate can be easily attached to the package.

[0121] And according to the present invention, assembly may be easier.