Diversity circuit

[0002] 1. Field of the Invention

[0003] The present invention relates to a diversity circuit, more specifically to a diversity circuit for antenna diversity of a radio communication system employing a spread spectrum system, such as code division multiple access (CDMA).

[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art

[0005] In a conventional combining diversity circuit, a set of an antenna, receiver, and demodulator is needed for each of the diversity paths. Signals from each diversity path are combined at a final stage of signal processing by using the maximal ratio combining technique, where finally the signals from each diversity path are combined into one composite signal.

[0006] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of the foregoing conventional circuit. FIG. 2 is a typical example of an antenna combining diversity circuit. Signals received by each of two antennas 201, 202 are respectively demodulated into base band signals by receivers 203, 204. The demodulated outputs of receivers 203, 204 are respectively converted into digital signals by A/D converters 205, 206. The digitally converted signals are respectively demodulated by digital demodulators 207, 208, where finally the two demodulated signals are added, or combined by a combiner 209. The output from the combiner 209 is decoded by a decoder 210 to reproduce transmitted data.

[0007] In the conventional combining diversity circuit having dual branches, a set of an antenna, receiver, A/D converter and digital demodulator is needed for each of the two diversity paths, which doubles the scale of the circuit compared to a case without applying the diversity. Naturally, increased scale of the circuit will increase the power consumption, cost, and size of the unit, which makes it difficult to use the diversity circuit for a portable telephone, for example.

[0008] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a diversity circuit in which the scale of circuit is reduced, and thereby the size, power consumption, and cost of the unit can be reduced.

[0009] In order to accomplish the foregoing object and other objects, a diversity circuit for receiving a spread spectrum modulated wave signal according to the invention includes a plurality of antennas, a plurality of delay circuits that each give different delay times to a plurality of radio-frequency signals received by a plurality of the antennas, combining means for adding outputs of a plurality of the delay circuits, demodulation means for demodulating an output from the combining means, A/D conversion means for converting a demodulated result by the demodulation means into a digital signal, and digital signal processing means for processing an output from the A/D conversion means to decode.

[0010] In the foregoing diversity circuit, the signals received by a plurality of the antennas may be amplified by a plurality of amplifiers, and thereafter passed through the delay circuits, or, further converted into signals of intermediate frequencies by frequency conversion means, passed through the delay circuits, and thereafter combined and demodulated.

[0011] Further, in case of two antennas, only one delay circuit is needed, and the diversity circuit may be formed such that a radio-frequency wave signal received by one antenna is not processed as it is and only the signal received by the other one antenna is delayed by the delay circuit, and thereafter the two signals are combined.

[0012] Further, in the diversity circuit, the digital signal processing means may apply a Rake reception system that gives de-spreading codes to each of signals having different delay times and combines the results, and a combined result may be decoded by decode means.

[0013] Preferably, differences in the delay times of the delay circuits are sufficiently larger than differences in transmission times by multipaths produced on separate transmission paths.

[0014] In the spread spectrum communication system according to the invention, it is possible to lower the correlation between signals shifted in time base and de-spreading codes by properly selecting spreading codes. Therefore, the signals shifted in time base can be identified as signals passed through different communication lines, and can be separated as such. The present invention exploits the foregoing theory.

[0015] The above-mentioned objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, with like reference numerals indicating corresponding parts throughout, and wherein:

[0016] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a conventional diversity system;

[0018] FIG. 3 is a chart showing a delay profile;

[0019] FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a Rake receiver according to the present invention;

[0020] FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention; and

[0021] FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a third embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] The invention will hereafter be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] In the system according to the invention, one of the signals received by two antennas is shifted in time base with respect to the other one by a delay circuit, and both the time-shifted signal and the non-time-shifted signal are added or combined by a combiner at an earlier stage in the receiver. After being combined, both signals pass through a shared demodulator and A/D converter, and then enter a Rake receiver to demodulate the signals. In this manner, the invention can reduce the number of demodulators and A/D converters in the diversity system from two to one, and thereby reduce the scale of circuit.

[0024] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention. Radio-frequency signals received by antennas 101, 102 are amplified by amplifiers 103, 104. Of the two signals, only the radio-frequency signal received by the antenna 102 is delayed by a delay time T through a delay circuit 105 (hereafter, this route is called “path B”). Delay circuit 105 may be implemented as an additional line length to achieve an appropriate delay, for example. The output from the delay circuit 105 and the output from the amplifier 103 (hereafter, this route is called “path A”) is combined at a combiner 106. From this stage toward the subsequent stage, a shared receiver 107 lowers the frequency of the combined signal to that of a base band signal, which is converted into a digital signal by a shared A/D converter 108. A Rake receiver 109 demodulates the digital signal, and a decoder 110 decodes the demodulated result to reproduce transmitted data. Rake receivers are described in detail in Section 4.4 of “CDMA—Principles of Spread Spectrum Communication”, by Andrew J. Viterbi, published June, 1995, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0025] The Rake receiver 109 according to the present invention takes on a configuration, for example, as shown in FIG. 4. A search correlator 408 gradually shifts the phase of a de-spreading code generated by de-spreading code generator 407 to calculate a correlation between the input signal and the de-spreading code. As a result, a delay profile (a graph showing the correlative value against the delay time in relation to de-spreading code) is acquired as shown in FIG. 3. The group A in FIG. 3 represents signals received through the path A, and the group B represents signals received through the path B. The peaks 2, 3 of the group A are delay components produced by multipaths on the transmission line of the peak 1, and the peaks 5, 6 of the group B are delay components produced by multipaths on the transmission line of the peak 4. The group B is delayed by a time T to the group A by the delay circuit 105. If the value of T is sufficiently large, such that the group A and the group B are not overlapped, the peaks of the groups can be separated as individual components that have the delay times of t1, t2, . . . , t6. The search correlator 408 sets the values of t1, t2, . . . , t6 to delay circuits 401, . . . 406 as delays of the de-spreading codes inputted to finger receivers 411, . . . , 416. The finger receivers 411, . . . , 416 respectively calculate the correlative values of the peak levels at the delay time t1, t2, . . . , t6, which are contained in each of the input signals. A combiner 409 applies a weighting to the calculated correlative values to thereby perform the Maximal Ratio Combining.

[0026] In this manner, the signals of the two paths A and B are maximum-peak-ratio-combined equivalently to the conventional combining diversity circuit having two separate diversity paths, and thereafter decoded by the decoder 110.

[0027] FIG. 5 illustrates a second embodiment different from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, which, however, differs only in that a delay circuit 510 is located after a mixer 508, and is theoretically the same as FIG. 1. In this case, a mixer (or frequency converter) 508, 509 and a filter 505, 506 are provide in each path, and a tunable local oscillator 507 is provided as an input to the mixers 508, 509. IF processing element 512 provides filtering, amplifying and automatic gain control (AGC). In the second embodiment, the delay circuit 510 can be composed more easily using a SAW device, etc., which is advantageous. Thus, a smaller-sized delay circuit than one used in the first embodiment may be realized.

[0028] FIG. 6 illustrates a third embodiment of the present invention. The third embodiment is similar to the second embodiment, but differs in that delay circuits, shown as SAW filters 510, 520, are provided in each path. In the third embodiment, the difference in delays between the SAW filters 510, 520 is such that a delay profile similar to that shown in FIG. 3 is realized. That is, SAW filter 510 is provided with a different delay than SAW filter 520.

[0029] As described above, the present invention will reduce the scale of a combining diversity circuit employing a plurality of antennas, and be able to reduce the size, power consumption, and cost of the unit.

[0030] Further, while the present invention has been described with respect to spread spectrum modulated wave signals being received by a plurality of antennas, other types of diversity reception, such as polarization diversity or frequency diversity, may be utilized while remaining within the teachings of the present invention. If frequency diversity is used, then a separate local oscillator needs to be provided in each diversity path (e.g., in FIG. 5, local oscillator 507 replaced by two local oscillators respectively provided to mixer 508, 509).

[0031] While preferred embodiments have been described herein, modification of the described embodiments may become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, following the teachings of the invention, without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. For example, other types of filters other than Rake filters, such as adaptive digital filters, may be utilized while remaining within the teachings of the invention. Also, while the above-described embodiments are shown with respect to an antenna provided for in each diversity path, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the invention may also be implemented with a single antenna that receives an input signal and provides separate diversity signals (e.g., frequency or polarization diversity signals) on separate output ports of the antenna.