γ matching of a video processor by means of three measured currents

[0002] The invention relates to cutoff and gain control for a device for displaying video signals. It is based on a colour tube in a colour television set, and on projection tubes for displaying video signals.

[0003] One precondition for correct colour-video reproduction is that monochrome pictures are reproduced with neutral colours. This requires adaptation of the tube cutoff points—also called cutoff trimming—as well as a specific ratio of the cathode currents at a so-called white point, which can be achieved by means of an adjustment process which is known as gain or drive trimming.

[0004] Control circuits are used in order, in particular, to keep the cutoff points of a colour tube stable, despite ageing. To this end, measurement lines are injected in a sequential manner for the three colour channels, also called RGB colour channels, during the frame blanking period, and these measurement lines are normally equivalent to a relatively small signal amplitude so that the correction process is carried out to a value which comes as close as possible to the actual cutoff points of tube systems. The cathode currents during the measurement lines are measured, and are compared with a reference value. A DC voltage offset, in practice equivalent to a brightness offset, is used to raise or lower the measurement lines for each colour channel in the event of a control error, in such a manner that the measurement currents correspond to the reference value. However, the control process cannot ensure that the actual black level of the signal corresponds to the cutoff points of the tube. Furthermore, there is no correction for any changes in the gain.

[0005] Recent circuit concepts thus inject a further measurement line, whose amplitude is greater, into each colour channel for gain control, which is also known as drive control (for example so-called cutoff measurement lines in one field and so-called drive measurement lines in the other field, alternately). Such a control system by means of two different reference values represents a two-point control system which, in practice, is formed by two control loops. Two different cathode control voltages V_K1and V_K2, to which two different voltage levels of the respective RGB signal correspond, and two corresponding cathode currents I_K1and I_K2are defined as reference values—corresponding to the circuit concept used. Values that may be used in practice are, I_K1(as I_cutoff)≈7 . . . 15 μA and I_K2(as I_Drive)≈15 . . . 30 μA.

[0006] Owing to the physically dependent beam-current characteristic profile I_K=f (V_K) as a function of the control voltage V_Kat the respective cathode of a colour tube, the following mathematical relationship may be used for the ratio of two cathode currents I_K, based on the two-point control system: $\frac{I_{\mathrm{K2}}}{I_{\mathrm{K1}}}={\left(\frac{V_{\mathrm{K2}}}{V_{\mathrm{K1}}}\right)}^{\gamma }$

[0007] The described two-point control system is thus based on an “assumed” exponent γ since, from the definition of the reference voltages and currents, the “theoretical” characteristic exponent is also defined uniquely from the above equation. For colour tubes that are known at present in the consumer area, the value of the exponent γ is about 2.0 to 2.4. This is subject to only relatively minor scatter for tubes with the same system design.

[0008] Assuming a constant value for the characteristic exponent γ, it is known, for example from the “One-chip TV processor” TDA 884X/885X-N1 from Philips, for a cutoff and drive control system designed as a two-point control system to define reference currents and reference voltages which respectively correspond to two different cathode currents, which are called the first and second reference cathode currents, I_K1and I_K2, respectively, in the following text. Since, in practice, an IC concept can be used with widely differing tube types, it has been found, however, that, if the value for the characteristic exponent γ or for the voltage ratio V_K1/V_K2is assumed or defined, it is not always possible to achieve an optimum result for displaying monochrome pictures.

[0009] The object of the invention is thus to specify a method for cutoff and drive control, using which an optimum result can be achieved for all colour tubes.

[0010] This object is achieved by the invention specified below.

[0011] A further object of the invention is to provide a video processor having a control device for cutoff and drive control, by means of which an optimum result can be achieved for all colour tubes.

[0012] This object is achieved by the invention specified below.

[0013] The invention is based on the recognition that a cutoff control system which is based on an assumed exponent γ which does not correspond to the actual tube exponent γ is unable to control the black levels of the RGB signals such that they are coincident with the cutoff points of a colour tube. Thus, for example, an actual tube exponent γ, which differs from the assumed exponent γ, is compensated for by a DC offset (that is to say corresponding to a cutoff error) and a drive offset (that is to say corresponding to a gain error).

[0014] The invention is based on the idea, in a video processor having a control device of the type mentioned above, of automatically matching the value (which until now has been assumed in the control algorithm) for the exponent γ to the actual exponent γ of the respective colour tube. Specifically, if the actual value of the exponent γ in an RGB colour channel in the colour tube used differs from the assumed value on which the cutoff and drive control is based, then both control loops will compensate for this discrepancy, which is interpreted as an error, in accordance with the mathematical relationship $\frac{I_{\mathrm{K2}}}{I_{\mathrm{K1}}}={\left[\frac{\left(v_{1f}\times u_2+u_0\right)\times v_2-C_{00}}{\left(v_{1f}\times u_1+u_0\right)\times v_2-C_{00}}\right]}^{\gamma }$

[0015] via a DC voltage offset u_0fand a gain matching factor Δv, where γ is the actual value of the tube exponent and v₁fis the gain adapted by Δv (called the erroneous gain in the following text), while u₁and u₂are measurement signal voltages, generated in the respective RGB colour channel of the video processor, for the two measurement lines (cutoff and drive) which,—in accordance with the description below—amplified by the erroneous gain v₁fand shifted by a DC voltage offset called the total DC voltage offset u₀in the following text, occur at an RGB colour signal output of the video processor. As a consequence of further amplification, called the gain v₂in the following text, by the output amplifier stage (which is known per se) in the respective RGB colour channel, the measurement signal voltages u₁and u₂and the total DC voltage offset u₀are amplified further before they reach the correspondingly associated tube cathode (FIG. 1b). Coo denotes an operating-point-dependent voltage offset of the actual cutoff point C₀of a tube system in the colour tube. In principle, this forms a difference (FIG. 2b), between the black level of the RGB signal at the output of an output amplifier stage, and the actual cutoff point C₀of the corresponding tube system, which difference is compensated for, by means of the cutoff control system, with a corresponding DC voltage offset u₀₀. This DC voltage offset u₀₀and the γ-dependent DC voltage offset u_0fare taken into account—as corresponding elements—in the total DC voltage offset u₀mentioned above.

[0016] To explain the control algorithm further, this relationship is rewritten in the form $\frac{I_{\mathrm{K2}}}{I_{\mathrm{K1}}}={\left[\frac{\left(v_{1f}\times u_2+u_0\right)\times v_2-C_{00}}{\left(v_{1f}\times u_1+u_0\right)\times v_2-C_{00}}\right]}^{\gamma }={\left[\frac{\left(v_{1f}\times n_f\times u_1+u_0\right)\times v_2-C_{00}}{\left(v_{1f}\times u_1+u_0\right)\times v_2-C_{00}}\right]}^{\gamma }$

[0017] where n_fis the erroneous ratio of the amplitudes of the measurement signal voltages u₁and u₂of the two measurement lines of an RGB colour signal. According to the prior art, the ratio n (and n_fif γ is not correct) of the measurement signal voltages u₁and u₂is defined in a fixed manner.

[0018] If all three colour channels were identical, then, if there were a difference between the assumed exponent γ and the actual control characteristic I_K=f(V_K) of the respective tube system of the colour tube, the picture would admittedly have neutral colours, but the consequence would be that the signal black levels would no longer coincide with the cutoff points of the tube systems, and the signal white levels would differ from the desired amplitude by an extent that would increase as a function of the extent to which they were greater than the amplitudes of the drive measurement lines.

[0019] The invention makes use of the knowledge that, with an assumed or defined exponent γ and the definition of the two reference cathode currents I_K1and I_K2in conjunction with a cutoff and drive control system which is designed as a two-point control system, it is not possible to identify directly whether the respective measurement signal voltages (which can be measured at the video processor colour channel outputs) of the cutoff measurement lines and of the drive measurement lines have a DC voltage offset u₀and/or a gain matching factor Δv, since, irrespective of whether the assumed value of the exponent γ is or is not matched to the actual exponent γ, correction takes place to the reference cathode currents I_K1and I_K2(that is to say at least as long as the system remains in the control range).

[0020] Based on the previous relationship $\frac{I_{\mathrm{K2}}}{I_{\mathrm{K1}}}={\left[\frac{\left(v_{1f}\times n_f\times u_1+u_0\right)\times v_2-C_{00}}{\left(v_{1f}\times u_1+u_0\right)\times v_2-C_{00}}\right]}^{\gamma }$

[0021] the matching of the assumed value for the exponent γ of the video processor to the respective control characteristic of the colour tube—and thus the position of the signal black level at the cutoff point (corresponding to U_cutoff) of the respective tube system—is achieved, according to the invention, by adaptation of the gain v₁, of the amplitude ratio n of the measurement signal voltages u₁and u₂of the two measurement lines, and of the total DC voltage offset u₀in the respective RGB colour channel, such that, at the end of the matching process, the exponent γ corresponds not only to the value of a tube system in the colour tube determined according to the invention, but also to the actual value. Thus, in principle, any residual total DC voltage offset u₀in this case corresponds to an operating—point-dependent DC voltage offset C_00.

[0022] The actual exponent γ (which can be determined, according to the invention, in conjunction with a colour tube which will be used) is determined, for example, in the appliance manufacturing process in that, during an initialization process provided for this purpose for each RGB colour channel, an exponent determination is firstly carried out and—subject to definition of a third reference cathode current I_K3and the calculation and setting of a third reference signal voltage u₃(related, for example, to the measurement signal voltage u₁) on the basis of the relationship $\frac{I_{\mathrm{K3}}}{I_{\mathrm{K1}}}={\left[\frac{\left(v_1\times u_3+u_0\right)\times v_2-C_{00}}{\left(v_1\times u_1+u_0\right)\times v_2-C_{00}}\right]}^{\gamma }$

[0023] —its correspondence to the actual exponent γ is then checked and, if necessary, is optimized by one or more further changes to the abovementioned amplitude ratio n or n_f, respectively, and to the abovementioned gain v₁or v_1f, respectively, where I_K3is the value (which results during the setting of the third reference signal voltage u₃) for the third reference cathode current I_K3.

[0024] In the case of a video processor, to which appropriate devices and a data bus can be added, of the same type as the said “One-chip TV processor” TDA 884X/885X-N, the optimum exponent, and thus the actual respective exponent, of the colour tube to be used can be determined in an advantageous manner not only by the process according to the invention for matching the video processor to this tube but also with the aid of a microprocessor which is used in any case in present-day television sets. In this way, the video processor can be automatically matched to any required tube characteristic. On the other hand, the invention can also be implemented completely in an appropriately designed video processor.

[0025] The respective exponent γ determined in this way as well as the amplitude ratio n (which results in the respective RGB colour channel at the end of the matching process) of the two respective measurement lines of an RGB colour channel and the gain v₁that results in this case are stored in the video processor or other suitable memories as operating parameters for the control algorithm for cutoff and drive control. This can be achieved in a simple manner, for example by providing means for reading and overwriting in the video processor.

[0026] In this way, even relatively large scatters, in particular those caused by different colour tube types, can be compensated for relatively easily and automatically in an advantageous manner.

[0027] The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an exemplary embodiment.

[0028] In the figures:

[0029] FIGS. 1a-1cshow graphs with a portion of the cathode current profile of two different colour tubes as a function of the respective cathode control voltage,

[0030] FIG. 2ashows a circuit detail with a control device for cutoff and drive control,

[0031] FIG. 2bshows an illustration in the form of a graph of voltages at a cathode of a colour tube,

[0032] FIG. 3ashows a flowchart, and

[0033] FIG. 3bshows a matrix-like representation of switch positions.

[0034] FIG. 1auses a graph to illustrate schematically the respective characteristic profile of the cathode current I_Kof a tube system having two different colour tubes 1, for relatively small beam currents, as a function of the cathode control voltage V_K. The respective characteristic profile is also known as the control characteristic I_K=f(U_G1) (or in this case I_K=f(V_K) in accordance with previous mathematical relationships), where U_G1is the respective voltage at the modulator electrode G1. Such a profile may also exist between the tube systems, called the systems in the following text, of a colour tube 1.

[0035] The characteristic A is intended to be that of a colour tube 1 (FIG. 2a) which can be driven by a video processor 2, illustrated in FIG. 2a, having a cutoff drive control system designed as a two-point control system, and in which operating parameters used for the algorithm for these control systems in the respective RGB colour channel—such as, in particular, the gain V₁and the amplitude ratio n of the measurement lines to one another—are intended to be matched to the correspondingly associated control characteristic I_K=f(V_K) of a system. For cutoff control in this case, a first point P1_A, which is intended to represent a so-called artificial black level, on the characteristic A is assigned a first cathode control voltage V_K1(close to the cutoff point) and a first reference cathode current I_K1.

[0036] Furthermore, with a correspondingly greater drive level for the drive control system, a second point P2_Aon the characteristic A is assigned a second cathode control voltage V_K2and a second reference cathode current I_K2. The characteristic A in this case also represents the nominal profile. This characteristic A is at the same time also intended to correspond to the control characteristic I_K=f(V_K), with the black level of a colour signal, called the RGB signal in the following text, in each case being at the cutoff point of a tube system in the colour tube 1, to which, for the sake of simplicity in the graph, the coordinate origin is intended to correspond.

[0037] On the other hand, the characteristic B is intended to be that of a colour tube 1 having a different value for the exponent γ (or that of a colour tube which—with regard to γ—has different systems) so that its control characteristics I_K=f(V_K) have a different possible profile. As a result of the video processor 2 being driven by an exponent γ or operating parameters which is or are not matched to the respective control characteristic I_K=f(V_K) for this colour tube 1, then, as shown in FIG. 1b, the cutoff control results in a first point P1_Bon the characteristic B being assigned the first reference cathode current I_K1, and a first cathode control voltage V_K1fwhich, however, differs from the previous first voltage. According to FIG. 1b, as a result of a correspondingly greater drive level for the drive control system, a second point P2_Bon the characteristic B is assigned the reference cathode current I_K2and a second cathode control voltage V_K2fwhich, however, differs from the previous second voltage.

[0038] In FIG. 1b, a dashed line C is furthermore used to illustrate schematically the profile including the control process. As already mentioned, such a characteristic profile can result for cutoff and drive control on the basis of the assumption of an incorrect value for the respective tube exponent γ; specifically, if the actual value of the exponent of the respective tube system for the colour tube 1 that is used differs from the assumed value, then the cutoff and drive control system will compensate for this error via a corresponding γ-dependent DC voltage offset u_0fand a gain matching factor Δv.

[0039] Both reference cathode currents I_K1and I_K2correspond to schematically illustrated measurement pulses MI_K1, MI_K2(FIG. 1a) and MI_K1f, MI_K2f(FIG. 1b), in which case the measurement pulses MI_K1and MI_K1fwhich are assigned to the first reference cathode I_K1are used to obtain the controlled variable for the cutoff control system, and the measurement pulses MI_K2and MI_K2fwhich are assigned to the second reference cathode current I_K2are used to obtain the controlled variable for the drive control system. Such measurement pulses occur in the cutoff and drive control system, that is to say preferably sequentially for all three RGB colour channels within measurement lines which are provided in the respective vertical frame blanking interval and which can be generated, in a manner known per se, in such a video processor 2. On the basis of the profile of the characteristic represented by the dashed line C, the measurement pulses MI_K1f, MI_K2fare represented with a total DC voltage offset (v₂×u₀)—in this case being raised, for example—with a gain which is changed in an appropriate manner in this case. That is to say, both measurement pulses MI_K1f, MI_K2fcorrespond, according to the already explained relationship $\frac{I_{\mathrm{K2}}}{I_{\mathrm{K1}}}={\left[\frac{\left(v_{1f}\times u_2+u_0\right)\times v_2-C_{00}}{\left(v_{1f}\times u_1+u_0\right)\times v_2-C_{00}}\right]}^{\gamma },$

[0040] to measurement signal voltages u₁and u₂(shifted by a total DC voltage offset u₀and amplified by a gain v_1fwhich is erroneous owing to the cutoff and drive control system) of the two measurement lines (cutoff and drive) at an RGB signal output of the video processor 2. Owing to the amplification v₂by an output amplifier stage 3 (FIG. 2a), which is known per se, in the respective RGB colour channel, these then, together with the total DC voltage offset u₀, form the control voltages V_K1fand V_K2fat a cathode K of the colour tube 1.

[0041] Since, for the sake of simplicity, the coordinate origin in the graph shown in FIG. 1bis once again intended to correspond to the cutoff point of a tube system, it should be mentioned in this context that—owing to the simplified representation—the total DC voltage offset u₀corresponds to the element of a γ-dependent DC voltage offset u_0f.

[0042] C₀₀denotes an operating-point-dependent voltage offset of the actual cutoff point C₀of a tube system in the colour tube 1. As has likewise already been explained and is represented schematically by a video line H in the graph shown in FIG. 2b, this offset corresponds to a difference (that is to say with an element u₀₀on the total DC voltage offset u₀), which is to be compensated for by the cutoff control system, between the black level of the RGB signal at the output of an output amplifier stage 3, and the actual cutoff point C₀of the corresponding system of the colour tube 1.

[0043] The voltage offset C₀₀results from the fact that, on the one hand, an RGB signal which is emitted at a signal output RGB of the video processor 2 has a specific DC voltage offset and is amplified further in the downstream output amplifier stage 3 using a reference voltage V_ref(FIG. 2a), by means of which the operating point of an output amplifier stage 3 is defined in a known manner and is matched, in terms of DC voltages, to the corresponding colour signal output RGB of a video processor. This results—that is to say depending on the abovementioned DC voltage offset of an RGB signal at a signal output of a video processor, of the reference voltage V_refand of the gain v₂—in a specific DC voltage level and a specific voltage potential for the black level of the RGB signal at the signal output of the output amplifier stage 3. On the other hand, the screen grid voltage U_G2is in principle trimmed to set the cutoff points of a colour tube 1 such that they correspond as far as possible to the black level at the cathodes K. It is thus possible for such a difference to occur between the black level of the RGB signal at the output of an output amplifier stage and the associated cutoff point C₀of the corresponding tube system.

[0044] Based on a relationship which has likewise already been explained: $\frac{I_{\mathrm{K2}}}{I_{\mathrm{K1}}}={\left[\frac{\left(v_{1f}\times n_f\times u_1+u_0\right)\times v_2-C_{00}}{\left(v_{1f}\times u_1+u_0\right)\times v_2-C_{00}}\right]}^{\gamma }={\left[\frac{\left(v_1\times n\times u_1+u_0\right)\times v_2-C_{00}}{\left(v_1\times u_1+u_0\right)\times v_2-C_{00}}\right]}^{\gamma }={\left(\frac{v_{\mathrm{K2f}}}{v_{\mathrm{K1f}}}\right)}^{\gamma }={\left(\frac{v_{\mathrm{K2}}}{v_{\mathrm{K1}}}\right)}^{\gamma }$

[0045] FIG. 1cshows a characteristic B′ which is matched, according to the invention, to the characteristic B. Owing to the matching process—according to a first characteristic point P1_B′—the first reference cathode I_K1is assigned a corresponding first cathode control voltage V_K1′ and—according to a second characteristic point P2_B′—the second reference cathode current I_K2is assigned a corresponding second cathode control voltage V_K2′. As a result of the matching, the black level of an RGB signal now coincides exactly with the cutoff point of the corresponding system in the colour tube 1, to which, for the sake of simplicity in this graph, the coordinate origin is also intended to correspond. Furthermore, FIG. 1cshows a measurement pulse MI_K3, which is injected during an initialization mode (provided according to the invention) for the television receiver, which is not shown.

[0046] FIG. 2auses a circuit detail in the form of a block diagram to show the principle of a circuit which processes video signals and has a video processor 2, for example of the “One-chip TV processor” TDA 884X/885X-N1 type mentioned initially, which—together with output amplifier stages 3 which are known per se and are designed as operational amplifiers for amplification of the RGB signals—forms control devices for cutoff and drive control in the respective RGB colour channel. The control of the colour tube 1 with the RGB signals is in this case preferably carried out via its cathodes K, with the modulator electrodes G being at a reference-earth potential. The screen grids G2, which are electrically connected to one another, are set to a common, positive voltage potential U_G2, owing to the screen grid trimming.

[0047] A first output (which carries an RGB signal) of the respective output amplifier stage 3, which in each case has negative feedback provided by a resistor R1 arranged between its inverting input and its first output, is connected to a cathode K of the colour tube 1, The inverting input of the respective output amplifier stage 3 at the same time forms a signal input, which is connected via a resistor R2 to a colour signal output RGB of the video processor 2. The inverting input of the respective output amplifier stage 3 is furthermore connected by means of a resistor R3 to the reference-earth potential. The non-inverting signal input of the respective output amplifier stage 3 is connected to a reference voltage source V_refby means of which, as is known, the operating point of the output amplifier stage in an RGB colour channel is defined.

[0048] A second output (carrying an RGB signal) of the respective output amplifier stage 3 is provided for the cutoff and drive control system. This output is connected via a resistor R4 to the video processor 2, so that a control loop for cutoff control and a control loop for drive control are in each case formed, in a manner known per se, per RGB colour channel, in which case measurement currents, which correspond to the measurement pulses MI_K1, MI_K2; MI_K1′, MI_K2′ and to the measurement pulses MI_K1f, MI_K2fshown with a DC voltage offset, are supplied during the vertical frame blanking period from the second RGB signal output of the output amplifier stage 3 to a first (4) and, respectively, a second (5) measurement device in the video processor 2, and are compared with a first reference current I_ref.cutoffand, respectively, a second reference current I_ref.drive, in order to produce corresponding manipulated variables which are stored via a first switch 6 (which can be controlled by a microprocessor 12) and, respectively, via a second switch 7 (which can be controlled by the microprocessor 12) in a first storage capacitor 8 and, respectively, a second storage capacitor 9. The respective measurement current is in this case supplied by means of a first switch 10, which can be controlled by the microprocessor 12 and shows the position, for example, for cutoff control and, when the television receiver is in the normal mode n, can be controlled by corresponding control signals derived from line and/or frame synchronization signals, for example via an OR circuit that is not illustrated.

[0049] Furthermore, a third measurement device 11 is provided according to the invention for the respective RGB colour channel. With such a third measurement device 11, it is possible in the initialization mode of the appliance to monitor the matching of the operating parameters for an RGB colour channel of the video processor 2 to the exponent γ and to the corresponding control characteristic I_K=f(V_K) of the colour tube 1, by comparing a measurement current (which corresponds to the third measurement pulse MI_K3) with a third reference current I_ref.IK3in order to produce a corresponding measured value at the output of the third measurement device 11 for the matching process. The measurement current is in this case supplied via the first switch 10, which is controlled via the OR circuit by the microprocessor 12 in the initialization mode, which microprocessor 12 also has means for arithmetic operations and, for example, may at the same time be designed as a control section processor for the appliance. This measured value is stored in a third storage capacitor 14, via a third switch 13 which can be controlled by the microprocessor 12.

[0050] The manipulated variable stored in the first storage capacitor 8 can be supplied via a second switch 15 (which can be controlled by the microprocessor 12) and a first circuit block 16 to an addition circuit 17 in order that—corresponding to the cutoff control system—the RGB signal supplied to a corresponding signal output RGB of the video processor 2 can have a total DC voltage offset u₀added to it, as in the case of a control error with respect to a measurement pulse associated with the corresponding first reference cathode current I_K1, to a difference (C₀₀), to be compensated for by the cutoff control system, between the black level of the RGB signal at the output of an output amplifier stage and the actual cutoff point C₀of the corresponding tube system and/or to a basis of an incorrect exponent γ for a video processor 2 according to the knowledge of the present invention.

[0051] The first circuit block 16 essentially contains (in addition to a controllable supply means, which can be controlled by the microprocessor 12 but is not shown, for supplying the total DC voltage offset u₀to the addition circuit 17) controllable adjustment and storage means, which are not illustrated, for adjusting and varying the total DC voltage offset u₀in the initialization mode. When switching between the normal mode and the initialization mode in the respective RGB colour channel, the supply means and the adjustment and storage means are controlled by the microprocessor 12 via a data and control line 18. The adjustment or change to the total DC voltage offset u₀in the respective RGB colour channel in the initialization mode is carried out by the microprocessor 12 on the basis of an evaluation of the measured value which can be stored in the third storage capacitor 14, which evaluation can be supplied to the microprocessor 12, preferably via a fourth switch 19 which can be controlled by the microprocessor 12.

[0052] The manipulated variable which is stored in the second storage capacitor 9 can be supplied via a third switch 20, which can be controlled by the microprocessor 12, and a second circuit block 21, for example to a multiplier circuit 22 in order—corresponding to the drive control system—to allow gain matching Δv to be carried out for the RGB signal supplied to a corresponding signal output RGB of the video processor 2, as in the case of a control error with respect to the second reference cathode current I_K2. The multiplier circuit 22 and the addition circuit 17 are each arranged in the course of the RGB signal path of the respective RGB colour channel.

[0053] The second circuit block 21 essentially contains, for example, in addition to a supply means which can be controlled by the microprocessor 12 but is not shown (for supplying manipulated variables to the multiplier circuit 22 on the one hand for drive control and on the other hand for the initialization mode), adjustment and storage means, which can be controlled and adjusted by the microprocessor 12 but are not shown, for adjusting, changing and storing a reference value (which corresponds, for example, to the gain (v₁) of the multiplier circuit 22) in the initialization mode.

[0054] To this end, a measured value (which can be produced by the first measurement device 14 in the initialization mode) is evaluated by the microprocessor 12, in which case, on the basis of the evaluation, the reference value for the gain (v₁) of the multiplier circuit is adjusted or changed. The measured value to be evaluated is in this case supplied to the microprocessor 12 via the second switch 15 which can be controlled by the microprocessor 12. The adjustment and storage of the reference value, corresponding to the gain factor (v₁), in the second storage block 21 are carried out via a data and control line 24.

[0055] Controllable storage devices, for example, which operate as buffer stores, may be used as supply means in the first (16) and in the second (21) storage block.

[0056] Thus, in an initialization mode, the measured value stored in the third storage capacitor 14 and obtained with the third measurement pulse MI_K3is transmitted to the microprocessor 12 for evaluation. As is subsequently shown in FIG. 3a, a decision is made in this case to determine whether a matching process for the operating parameters need be carried out or need be continued, or whether it is possible to switch from the initialization mode to normal operation of the appliance.

[0057] A measurement line generator circuit 25 is provided for producing the measurement pulses MI_K1, MI_K2and MI_K3. This circuit produces corresponding measurement signal voltages u₁, u₂and u₃. The measurement signal voltages u₁and u₂(cutoff and drive) have, as is known, a constant amplitude ratio n to one another for normal operation of the appliance.

[0058] One advantage of the invention is that the initialization mode allows the amplitude ratio n and the gain v₁in the respective RGB signal path of the video processor 2 to be matched to the exponent γ and to the corresponding control characteristic of the colour tube 1. The amplitude ratio n, and a further amplitude ratio m which is intended to characterize the ratio of the measurement signal voltages u₁and u₃to one another, are adjusted by the microprocessor 12 via a data and control line 26, which connects the measurement line generator circuit to the microprocessor 12, at 25. The measurement line generator circuit 25 has controllable adjustment and storage means, which are not illustrated, for adjustment and storage of the amplitude ratios m and n by the microprocessor 12.

[0059] Corresponding control lines, which are not shown, are provided for the microprocessor 12 to control the switches 6, 7, 13, 19 and the switches 10, 15, 20. The switches 6, 7 and the first switch 10 as well as a fourth switch 27, by means of which signal path switching (which is known per se) is carried out for cutoff and drive control in normal operation of the appliance, are controlled by appropriate OR circuits, which are not shown.

[0060] It should be mentioned that the term “normal operation” is also intended to cover the switching processes of the switches which take place in normal operation owing to the cutoff and drive control systems, which are, in principle, pulsed control systems.

[0061] The respective switch position of the switches 6, 7, 13, 19 and the switches 10, 15, 20, 27 in an initialization mode of the appliance is shown in a matrix in FIG. 3b.

[0062] For a simpler version, that is to say without automatic measurement, a video processor 1 of the TDA 884X/885X-N1 type mentioned can be modified in such a way that appropriate data for the exponent γ could be input via an I2C bus provided the capability to adjust the amplitude ratio n of the respective two measurement lines (cutoff and drive) is available. It would also be possible in this case to define the exponent γ via corresponding connection at an IC pin, provided for this purpose, of the video processor 2.

[0063] The method of operation of the circuit described so far is explained in more detail in FIG. 3a. FIG. 3auses a flowchart to show, by way of example, the sequence for determining the respective control characteristic I_K=f(V_K) of the colour tube 1 that is used, with the video processor 2 being matched to it.

[0064] As a result of the “initialization” operating mode being started by the microprocessor μP in step 100—for example via an appliance keypad that is not shown—, correction to the first reference cathode current I_K1is carried out, in the step 101, by means of the appliance cutoff control device that is shown in FIG. 2a, in which case the measurement current corresponding to the reference cathode current I_K1is measured by the first measurement device 4 in the respective RGB colour channel. In the event of a control error, this will, in principle, be composed, according to the relationship for the first reference cathode current I_K1

[0065] I_K1=k×[(v_1f×u₁+u₀)×v₂+C₀₀]^γ,

[0066] which can be derived from the relationships already explained initially, of the constant measurement signal voltage u₁of the cutoff measurement line (which is generated in the measurement line generator circuit 25 and is amplified by a factor v₁which is, for example, preset) and—depending on the direction of the respective control error—of a total DC voltage offset +u₀in the positive direction, or a total DC voltage offset −u₀in the negative direction. In the abovementioned relationship for the first reference cathode current I_K1, v₂is the gain factor of the respective output amplifier stage 3, and the factor k is an operating-point-dependent system constant.

[0067] The measurement current associated with the second reference cathode current I_K2is measured first, in step 102, in order to determine the measured value (corresponding to the second reference cathode current I_K2) at the output of the second measurement device 5 by means of the interaction of the microprocessor 12 and the second measurement device 5, in conjunction with the measured value being passed on via the second switch 7 and the third switch 20 to the microprocessor 12, and while retaining the total DC voltage offset +u₀or −u₀resulting from the correction to the first reference cathode current I_K1, in which case the value of this measurement current is obtained, in principle, on the basis of the, for example preset, amplitude ratio n between the measurement signal voltages u₁, u₂of the drive and cutoff measurement line and the, for example preset, gain v₁for the multiplier circuit 22. If the value of the second reference cathode current I_K2is not reached in this case, or is exceeded, then—by interaction of the second measurement device 5, the microprocessor 12, the measurement line generator circuit 25, the multiplier circuit 22, the addition circuit 17 and the output amplifier stage 3 as the control loop, in accordance with the relationship for the second reference cathode current I_K2

[0068] I_K2=k×[(v_1f×n×u₁+u₀)×v₂+C₀₀]^γ,

[0069] which can likewise be derived from the relationships mentioned initially—the amplitude ratio n is set or changed, instead of gain matching, as a function of the direction of the respective error, in such a manner that correspondence with the second reference cathode current I_K2is achieved, in which case n(>) symbolizes that the preset amplitude ratio n must be increased, and n(<) symbolizes that the preset amplitude ratio n must be reduced. The corresponding evaluation of the measured value (determined by the second measurement device 5) for the second reference cathode current I_K2and the adjustment of the amplitude ratio n are carried out automatically by means of the microprocessor 12, that is to say the microprocessor 12 in this case also acts as a regulator at the same time. The adjustment is in this case carried out via the data and control line 26.

[0070] On the basis of the relationship $\frac{I_{\mathrm{K2}}}{I_{\mathrm{K1}}}={\left(\frac{V_2}{V_1}\right)}^{\gamma }$

[0071] the value of an exponent γ, called the temporary exponent γ_tempin the following text, is calculated in accordance with the following relationship ${\gamma }_{\mathrm{temp}}=\frac{\log \frac{I_{\mathrm{K2}}}{I_{\mathrm{K1}}}}{\log \frac{V_2}{V_1}}$

[0072] in the step 103 by means of the microprocessor 12 using the signal voltages V₁and V₂, which correspond respectively to the first (I_K1) and second (I_K2) reference cathode current, are preferably derived from the cathode control voltages V_K1and V_K2which result in this case (for example by means of a voltage divider (which is not shown) at the first RGB signal output of the respective output amplifier stage 3), and can be supplied to the microprocessor 12 via a measurement line 23. The respective exponent γ_tempdetermined in this way is used, according to the invention, for calculating and adjusting a third signal voltage V₃, which is associated with the third reference cathode current I_K3However, instead of the third signal voltage V₃, a third cathode current I_K3may also be used and/or calculated and set, to which a corresponding reference signal voltage V₃is assigned.

[0073] Using the third signal voltage V₃, which is calculated in step 104 in accordance with the relationship $V_3=V_1\times {\gamma }_{\mathrm{temp}}\sqrt{\frac{I_{\mathrm{K3}}}{I_{\mathrm{K1}}}}$

[0074] and can be adjusted in step 105 on the voltage divider at the first RGB signal output of the respective output amplifier stage 3, the locus of the respective operating parameters n and v₁of the video processor 2 are determined, and if necessary adapted, with respect to the control characteristic I_K=f(V_K) of the colour tube 1 that is used. The adjustment of the third signal voltage V₃is carried out by the microprocessor 12 via appropriate adjustment of the amplitude ratio m in the measurement line generator circuit 25, by means of corresponding adjustment of the measurement signal voltage u₃.

[0075] A corresponding value for the third reference cathode current I_K3is obtained from the setting of the third signal voltage V₃, is determined using the third measurement device 11, and is evaluated by the microprocessor 12. The measured value which is determined by the third measurement device 11 is supplied to the microprocessor 12 via the fourth controllable switch 19. However, for the invention, all that is necessary is to determine in the question in step 106 whether the third reference cathode current I_K3has in this case been undershot or exceeded. As can be shown, for example on the basis of the relationship $V_3=V_1\times {\gamma }_{\mathrm{temp}}\sqrt{\frac{I_{\mathrm{K3}}}{I_{\mathrm{K1}}}}$

[0076] by a comparison of the value of the signal voltage V₃, which has been calculated using the previously determined value of the exponent γ or γ_temp, with the value of the signal voltage V₃which would be produced from the calculation using the actual exponent γ of the control characteristic for the colour tube being used, the confirmation as to whether the third reference cathode current I_K3has been undershot or exceeded can be used as an indicator as to whether the determination of the third signal voltage V₃—on the basis of the correction to the first reference cathode current I_K1carried out in step 101—was based on an excessively large (+u₀) or an excessively small (−u₀) total DC voltage offset u₀.

[0077] If, on the basis of the question in step 106, the value for the third reference cathode current I_K3has not been reached, then—as is shown on the left-hand side in the further profile of the graph—the total DC voltage offset u₀which was produced on the basis of the correction in step 101 and has been buffer-stored in the first circuit block 16 is, according to the invention, reduced by the microprocessor 12 by an amount −Δu₀, which can be predetermined, in which case u₀(<) symbolizes the reduction which must be carried out in the total DC voltage offset u₀.

[0078] However, if, on the basis of the question in step 106, the value for the reference cathode current I_K3has been exceeded, then—as shown on the right-hand side in the further profile of the graph—the total DC voltage offset u₀produced on the basis of the correction in step 101 is, according to the invention, increased by the microprocessor 12 by an amount +Δu₀which can be predetermined, in which case Δu₀(>) symbolizes the increase which must be carried out in the total DC voltage offset u₀.

[0079] A change to the characteristic of the video processor 1 is obtained as a result of the change in the amplitude ratio n in step 102 and the reduction or increase (in step 106) of the DC voltage offset u₀resulting from the correction in step 101.

[0080] As is shown on the left-hand side—and on the right-hand side, which is in principle the same—of the further profile of the graph, a correction to the first reference cathode current I_K1is then carried out once again in step 107 on the basis of the relationship

[0081] I_K1=k×[(v_1f×u₁+u₀)×v₂+C₀₀]^γ

[0082] —by means of the interaction of the first measurement device 4, the microprocessor 12, the measurement line generator circuit 25, the multiplier circuit 22, the addition circuit 17 and the output amplifier stage 3 as the control loop—in which case—instead of cutoff control—the gain factor v₁for the multiplier circuit 22 and, respectively, a corresponding reference value for the gain v₁are, respectively, increased or reduced in such a manner that correspondence with the value of the first reference cathode I_K1is achieved, in which case v₁(>) or v₁(<), respectively, symbolizes the increase or reduction, respectively, which must be carried out to the gain factor v₁. The microprocessor 12 in this case acts as a regulator. The measured value which is determined using the first measurement device 4 and is to be evaluated by the microprocessor 12 is in this case supplied via the second controllable switch 15. The adjustment to be carried out on the basis of the evaluation by the microprocessor 12, or a change to the reference value for the gain v₁in the second circuit block 21 to be carried out in a corresponding manner, is carried out via the data and control line 24.

[0083] As soon as the question in step 107 results in correspondence, a correction is once again carried out (according to step 108) to the second reference cathode current I_K2—by means of the interaction of the second measurement device 5, the microprocessor 12, the measurement line generator circuit 25, the multiplier circuit 22, the addition circuit 17 and the output amplifier stage 3 as the control loop—in which case, once again—instead of the gain v₁—the amplitude ratio n of the measurement signal voltages u₂and u₁of the two measurement lines (cutoff and drive) is increased (n(>)) or, respectively, reduced (n(<)) by changing the signal voltage u₂, in such a manner that correspondence is also achieved with the value of the second reference cathode current I_K2. The microprocessor 12 in this case acts as a regulator. The measured value which is determined using the second measurement device 5 and is to be evaluated by the microprocessor 12 is in this case supplied via the third switch 20, which can be controlled by the microprocessor 12. The adjustment to be carried out on the basis of the evaluation by the microprocessor 12, or a change to the amplitude ratio n to be carried out in a corresponding manner, is carried out via the data and control line 26.

[0084] As soon as the question in step 108 results in correspondence, the process according to the invention jumps back to the start of step 103, where the changed value (obtained in step 107) for the first signal voltage v₁and the changed value (obtained in step 108) for the second signal voltage v₂are initially used to recalculate the value of the exponent γ_tempon the basis of the relationship ${\gamma }_{\mathrm{temp}}=\frac{\log \frac{I_{\mathrm{K2}}}{I_{\mathrm{K1}}}}{\log \frac{V_2\pm \Delta V_2}{V_1\pm \Delta V_1}}$

[0085] before, according to the sequence described so far, which is preferably stored as a program in the microprocessor 12, the following steps are carried out once again. In this case, the steps 103 to 108 are carried out repeatedly until the question in step 106 results in correspondence with the value of the third reference cathode current I_K3.

[0086] As soon as correspondence with the value of the third reference cathode current I_K3is obtained, the initialization mode is ended, and a change is made to the appliance's normal operation.

[0087] Although the invention has been described on the basis of γ matching of a video processor for colour tubes, it can, however, also be applied in the same way to projection tubes.