Plate-type crossflow air-to-air heat-exchanger comprising side-by-side-multiple small-plates

[0002] This application is a continuation in part of application Ser. No. 09/165,322, filed Oct. 2, 1998 and now U.S. Pat. No. 5,913,360 which is a continuation in part of application Ser. No. 08/527,653, filed Sep. 13, 1995 and now U.S. Pat. No. 5,816,315, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0003] 1. Field of the Invention

[0004] The present invention relates to an improvement in the exchange of heat between two airstreams through the provision of plate-type crossflow air-to-air heat exchangers having a series of parallel channels alternately blocked and enclosed in a housing which forces one airstream to be directed through the exhaust air channels and a second airstream to be directed through the supply air channels, in substantially crossflow arrangement, for the exchange of heat.

[0005] The invention further includes the provision of arranging a number of the heat exchanger units side-by-side with a manifold to disperse and gather the related airstreams to a plenum chamber to reduce the size of the system and the energy requirements for operating the system to condition a large volume of air.

[0006] 2. Discussion of the Prior Art

[0007] Fresh-air for residences and buildings is needed to maintain proper indoor air quality. This fresh-air must be heated or cooled, depending on weather conditions and this typically requires relatively large amounts of energy. Devices that exchange heat between airstreams are well known, whereby the stale air being exhausted from a building serves as the energy source for heating or cooling incoming outside air.

[0008] In the prior art, there exists a number of crossflow plate type air-to-air heat exchangers. These heat exchange devices may be constructed of plastic or metal for sensible heat exchange or they can be constructed of homogenous material such as paper for sensible and latent energy exchange.

[0009] In the prior art heat exchangers there is generally required a large space to house the large plate cross flow heat exchanger. As the plates of a plate heat exchanger increase in size, for a given efficiency, the spacing between the plate's increase in distance. This increase in plate spacing accounts for significant increase in the size of the apparatus.

[0010] Volumetric efficiency quantifies the required equipment volume in per unit of capacity at a given performance level. In plate-type crossbow air-to-air heat exchangers, to increase the volumetric efficiency and economy of the unit the smallest possible plate size should be used. However, crossflow heat exchangers with smaller plates generally require more length, i.e. more plates, to handle air volumes equal to that of units with larger plates. Increasing the plate size will require a larger installation space, which may limit the performance of the heat exchanger. In addition, when using crossflow plate-type air-to-air heat exchangers with smaller plates, the length, or number of plates, typically exceeds the allowable dimension or number of plates.

[0011] The novel heat exchanger of the present invention obviates the disadvantages associated with the prior art, by providing a plate-type crossbow air-to-air heat exchanger having a plurality of plates while maintaining a seal between the intake channels and exhaust channels as will be described below. The heat exchanger of the present invention also facilitates installation in a system which utilizes a number of small units to reduce the size required for installation, and ultimately provide an efficiently operating and economical system for recovering heat in buildings such as homes and offices.

[0012] In heat exchange systems, two airstreams are allowed to pass in channels in close proximity to each other, where the channels are separated by a heat conducting channel wall which, on one side, comprises the heat conducting channel wall for the intake airstream and on the other side comprises the heat conducting channel wall for the exhaust airstream. By so arranging the flow of air, temperature difference between the intake air and the exhaust air provides for thermal transfer through the wall with heat naturally flowing from the higher temperature air to the lower temperature air.

[0013] In the present invention, the apparatus is utilized as a heat exchanger, where the intake air is heated or cooled in a plate heat exchanger using the heat energy in the exhaust air. The exhaust airflow travels through the exhaust channels, of which at least one wall of the channel represents the wall separating the intake channel from the exhaust channel. Through this wall occurs the heat exchange process.

[0014] The apparatus of the present invention includes a plurality of heat conducting walls arranged face to face until they reach the limit and then arranges side-by-side in rows to complete the necessary amount of heat exchange space. The number of intake and exhaust channels is determined by the amount of plates provided, which is variable with respect to the installation in which the heat exchanger will be utilized. The square shape of the heat exchanger is preferably positioned on a point of the square, such that a diagonal running from one corner of the square to its opposite corner is generally vertical when the unit is installed.

[0015] The heat exchanger plates, or heat conducting walls, may be provided with means for enhancing the heat conduction process, such as heat conducting spacers, or preferably, a series of corrugations which extend between the walls and are in thermal contact with each of the walls. The corrugations serve the dual purpose of enhancing heat transfer between the walls to facilitate the heat exchange process, and also provide flow paths for the airstream to seal the intake channels from the exhaust channels. The preferred arrangement is crossflow, where the air path in the intake channels are substantially arranged at right angles to the air path in the exhaust channels, to define the flow path through the heat conducting walls so that the intake airflow is substantially in a crossflow arrangement from the exhaust airflow.

[0016] The present invention includes two manifolds, comprising entrance and exit ports for the intake air stream and entrance and exit ports for the exhaust air stream. The flow pattern through the apparatus is a function of how the manifolds are baffled in relation to one another. Flow pattern may be arranged for either cross flow or parallel flow.

[0017] FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a basic cross-flow type air-to-air heat exchange element 10 with heat conducting walls 12 and corrugations 11 provided between the walls of the plate-type heat exchanger.

[0018] FIG. 2 illustrates the heat exchanger frame assembly 20 with multiple heat exchange elements 10 installed in a frame 21.

[0019] FIG. 3 illustrates the manifold assemblies 30 with openings alternately blocked 31 to force the air to take a particular path through the heat exchange elements 10.

[0020] FIG. 4 illustrates an exploded view of the entire assembly 40 showing heat exchanger assembly 20 with heat exchange elements 10 and manifolds 30.

[0021] FIG. 5 illustrates the assembled unit 40 with beat exchange elements 10 in heat exchanger assembly frame 20 and manifolds 30

[0022] FIGS. 6A, 6D, 6G, and 6J are side views of the air path alternatives available through the apparatus by employing different manifold blocking patterns.

[0023] FIG. 6B is a view of FIG. 6A taken along section line 6B—6B.

[0024] FIG. 6C is a view of FIG. 6A taken along section line 6C—6C.

[0025] FIG. 6E is a view of FIG. 6D taken along section line 6E—6E.

[0026] FIG. 6F is a view of FIG. 6D taken along section line 6F—6F.

[0027] FIG. 6H is a view of FIG. 6G taken along section line 6H—6H.

[0028] FIG. 6I is a view of FIG. 6G taken along section line 6I—6I.

[0029] FIG. 6K is a view of FIG. 6J taken along section line 6K—6K.

[0030] FIG. 6L is a view of FIG. 6J taken along section line 6L—6L.

[0031] FIG. 1 illustrates a basic cross-flow type air-to-air heat exchange element 10 with corrugated separations 11 that aid in conveying heat to the heat conducting walls 12 and also as a means for separating the heat conducting walls 12.

[0032] FIG. 2 illustrates the heat exchanger frame assembly 20 with multiple heat exchange elements 10 placed in rows and installed in frame 21.

[0033] FIG. 3 illustrates the manifold assemblies 30 with openings alternately blocked 31 to force the air to take a particular path through the heat exchange elements 10. Manifold assemblies 30 include dividers 32 and ends 33 which define isosceles triangles, but may be of other triangular shapes similar to the shapes disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,913,360.

[0034] FIG. 4 illustrates an exploded view of the entire assembly 40 showing heat exchanger assembly 20 with heat exchange elements 10 and manifolds 30.

[0035] FIG. 5 illustrates the assembled unit 40 with heat exchange elements 10 in heat exchanger assembly frame 20 and manifolds 30

[0036] FIGS. 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D, 6E, 6F 6G, 6H, 6I, 6J, 6K, 6L illustrate the air path alternatives available through the apparatus by employing different manifold blocking patterns.

[0037] FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C show a crossflow air path with the heat exchange elements 10 positioned in horizontal planes and heat exchange plates 12 positioned in vertical planes.

[0038] FIGS. 6D, 6E and 6F show a parallel air path with the heat exchange elements 10 positioned in horizontal planes and heat exchange plates 12 positioned in vertical planes.

[0039] FIGS. 6G, 6H and 6I show a crossflow air path with the heat exchange elements 10 positioned in vertical planes and heat exchange plates 12 positioned in horizontal planes.

[0040] FIGS. 6J, 6K and 6L show a parallel air path with the heat exchange elements 10 positioned in vertical planes and heat exchange plates 12 positioned in horizontal planes.