Credit and Bank Issued Debit Card Operated System and Method for Controlling a Vending Machine

The present invention relates to automated dispensing equipment which dispenses products or services (hereinafter collectively referred to as vending machines) and more particularly, to devices for dispensing debit cards or vending cards which, in turn, are used to make purchases from other vending machines such as photocopiers.

Credit and bank issued debit cards have been in wide spread use in business establishments. The majority of uses of these cards are referred to as attended uses. Personnel of the business establishment, or attendants, are required in order to process and complete a sale or transaction using a credit or bank issued debit card.

In the past, credit card transactions were made by imprinting information stamped on a credit card onto a multi part credit card receipt using a forced-contact device. It was a common business practice to contact a credit card company by telephone to verify the availability of credit on the card to ensure that there was sufficient credit to complete the transaction. If sufficient credit was available, the credit card company and/or credit card processor company provided an authorization number over the telephone which was manually printed onto the credit card receipt.

Magnetic strip technology has largely made the forced-contact devices unnecessary and has allowed for the expansion of credit card and bank issued debit card transactions. Using magnetic strip technology, information concerning a credit card (or bank issued debit card) owner's account is stored as magnetic information on a magnetic strip attached to a credit card or bank issued debit card. By passing the magnetic strip through a magnetic card reader the information about an individual's credit card (or bank issued debit card) account can be read. The information can then be transmitted over telephone lines to the credit card company (or other authorization service) to obtain an authorization for a particular credit card transaction. Imprints of credit card information onto a receipt using a forced-contact device is no longer necessary, as magnetic information is output to a printer which outputs credit card (or bank issued debit card) information (such as the credit card account number or bank issued debit card number) and the transaction information (such as amount, date and store where purchase was made) onto a receipt for the credit card owner.

Various self-service devices using credit cards and bank issued debit cards have been appearing in the marketplace. Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) have allowed users to deposit, withdraw and transfer funds to and from bank accounts. Originally ATMs were only used with bank issued debit cards. It is now possible to use credit cards for transactions, such as withdrawals, at ATMs (this may be more accurately described as a loan against an available credit line). Neither credit cards or bank issued debit cards contain information about account content. Account content is stored on the computer of a credit card company or bank. This information is accessed with the credit card or bank issued debit card.

In the vending field, credit cards and bank issued debit cards can be used directly at the pumps at self-service gas stations for dispensing gasoline. Although self-service, this type of vend is still referred to as an attended vend (or attended transaction), as an operator must always be on duty at the gas station. Credit cards can also be used on airplanes for personal telephone calls. This use is also considered an attended transaction as flight attendants are available, as well as a telephone operator for assistance, collect calls, information, etc.

Vending machines, such as copy machines, are often used in a completely unattended state. After normal working hours in libraries, office buildings, post office, court houses or copy facilities, users can still operate a copy machine using either coins, cash or private debit cards. Private (non-bank issued) debit cards are often referred to as "stored value cards" or "prepaid cards" or "vending cards". Prepaid cards differ from bank issued debit cards in that prepaid cards have a cash value encoded on the card's magnetic strip. The prepaid card does not require a connection to a database, as do bank issued debit cards and credit cards, to determine if a transaction is within an available credit limit (for a credit card) or within an available balance (for a bank issued debit card). Prepaid cards have been used to solve some of the problems associated with coin operated vending machines.

Coin operated machines require that a user have sufficient change for the number of copies the user is reproducing. The user may not be aware before arriving at the copy facility how many copies are necessary or the cost per copy. Further, for large copy jobs, carrying a sufficient amount of change is burdensome both by the weight and space taken up by the coins and the need to acquire the coins from a bank or other financial institution. This can also pose security problems for a user late at night in a library, for example. Although coin changers are often found in the vicinity of coin operated vending machines, coin changers can also run out of change causing problems during unattended use. There is a lack of accountability, as there is no receipt for transactions. From an operator's perspective, problems with coin operated vending machines include vandalism, theft, inaccurate counting/reporting, collection and depositing.

Prepaid card operated vending machines, such as copy machines, use a magnetic card reader attached to the vending machine. To obtain a prepaid card, present systems use either an operator to carry out the encoding of the prepaid amount on the magnetic card (sometimes referred to as a "copy card" or a machine analogous to a change machine for dispensing a new prepaid card and/or encoding a new prepaid amount onto an existing prepaid card. During unattended use, however, both of these means for obtaining a prepaid card may be inoperable. In the first instance, an attendant is not available during unintended use to encode a purchased amount on an existing prepaid card or issue a new card. In the case of a prepaid card dispensing machine, sufficient change or cash must still be carried by the user to operate such a machine.

Further, generally, both existing coin and prepaid card operated vending machines do not provide transaction information concerning the type of transaction, location, duration, time and other items of information concerning the various transactions. This information can prove useful to the operator of vending machines.

The primary function of the coin mechanism on a vending machine for prepaid cards is to accept standard coins and/or bills and/or make correct change to encode a desired prepaid amount on the card.

The present invention comprises a system and method for controlling and monitoring credit card transactions of a vending machine which dispenses and or encodes prepaid cards. Means are provided for reading magnetically stored information from a credit card, receiving an authorization amount for the transaction from a credit verification source which is external to the vending machine, storing the authorization amount, selecting a prepaid amount to be encoded on a prepaid card, determining whether a selected prepaid amount is below a maximum allowed transaction amount, controlling the encoding of a prepaid card in response to a selected prepaid amount, and storing transaction information corresponding to the operation of the prepaid card vending machine and the magnetic information from the credit card.

The invention will be described by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the attached drawings in which:

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the present invention controlling a copy machine and interfacing with remote locations;

FIG. 2 shows a block schematic diagram of the operational aspects of the present invention;

FIGS. 3A and 3B show a flow diagram illustrating the operation of a main routine while awaiting credit card input in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram showing a subroutine for checking a system of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram showing a help message subroutine used in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram showing a card reader interrupt subroutine in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram showing a service subroutine for monitoring system performance and editing system operational parameters in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram showing a routine for sending batched transaction(s) information in accordance with the present invention;

FIGS. 9A and 9B are flow diagrams showing a transaction subroutine in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a flow diagram showing a subroutine for ensuring that a proper vend has occurred and that the total number of copies is less than the maximum allowed in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a flow diagram showing the general operation of the system in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a flow diagram showing the general operation of an additional embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 13 is a diagram of a computer system in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a block schematic diagram of operational aspects of the computer system shown in FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment of switch control in accordance with the present invention;

FIGS. 16A, 16B and 16C are flow diagrams showing a method of general operation of a computer system in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a flow diagram of a modem operation subroutine in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 18 is a diagram of a prepaid card encoding/dispensing system in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 19 is a flow diagram showing a method of operation of the prepaid card encoding/dispensing system shown in FIG. 18;

FIG. 20 is a diagram of a computer system in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 21 is a diagram of a multiple computer system in accordance with the present invention; and

FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of a pulse converter used in an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

There is shown in FIG. 1 a system 10, which is an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. System 10 has a copy machine 28 as an example of a vending machine under control by vending machine control system (controller) 12. Other types of vending machines, microfiche machines and computer operated devices for on-line searching, database searching or printing may be used as a vending machine instead of copy machine 28.

Copy machine 28 has a control panel 30 where various copy commands can be executed by the user. Copy button 32 is depressed for copying a document. Many commercial copy machines used for unattended, fee-based copying are only used for making single copies on one size paper. It is possible, however, that other copy functions can be selected such as choosing different paper sizes with paper size selection button 34 or other special features such as reductions and enlargements using special features button 36. With the present invention, additional copy features can be tracked and charged at different rates, if appropriate connections are made between copy machine 28 and controller 12 and appropriate programming of controller 12 is provided.

Copy machine 28 also has a control connection means 38, which may be one half of a connector plug for meeting with a complimentary connector plug. Control connection means 38 is connection point at copy machine 28, designed to allow for fee-based vending of copies. Many console or full size copy machines come equipped for the addition of equipment to convert a non-fee based copy machine to fee-based copying. On these models, it is only necessary to obtain the necessary complimentary connector plug to fit this connector. The removal or addition of a wire harness may be involved to provide for mounting the connector plug. On devices other than copy machines, such as a microfilm or microfiche reader, it will be necessary to make an appropriate connection to monitor, interrupt and control the device. In the case of a microfilm reader this could involve taking control of a print button by placing a second switch (controlled by controller 12) in series with the user operated print button. To allow a "print", both switches must be closed. In the case of a computer for on-line access, this could be a connection to provide a keyboard interrupt so access to the computer cannot take place until an appropriate keyboard control signal is provided.

Copier 28 is connected to controller 12 via electrical connection line 26. Controller 12 contains a text display screen 14 (LCD display screen), a magnetic card reader 16, a keypad 18, a printer 20 (shown with a receipt 24) and a speaker 22. Although shown separate from copier 28, controller 12 can be mounted on or near copier 28 as dictated by the copier service provider. Controller 12 is used to determine an available credit limit for copying (vending) for a given user on copy machine 28, as well as allowing/disallowing copier use. Alternatively, a bank issued debit card (such as a Money Access Center card, "MAC" card) can be used instead of a credit card. For purposes of this description, "magnetic card" will be the generic designation for a credit card or a bank issued debit card or a smart card.

A magnetic card (not shown) is passed through card reader 16 and the information from the magnetic strip of the magnetic card is read by card reader 16. Certain portions of or all of this magnetic information is transmitted over a communications line 40 to a remote credit verification location 46. Communication line 40 can take the form of a telephone line, dedicated telephone line or cellular communication line. The type of communication line required will depend upon the location and use of a particular vending machine. Appropriate communication hardware for the connection line being used, such as a cellular telephone, will be necessary to establish communication and will be understood by those skilled in the art.

Along with the magnetic card information, a predetermined dollar amount is transmitted to remote credit location 46. For example, a $10 amount may be transmitted, requesting an authorization or approval for copying up to $10. In another embodiment, a user may select the dollar amount for authorization through keyboard 18. A grant or deny signal is then transmitted back over communication line 40 to controller 12 from remote credit verification location 46. Remote credit verification location 46 may be a credit card agency or processor in the case of a credit card, a bank in the case of a bank ATM card or a private organization in the case of a privately provided debit card.

Once controller 12 receives the return signal, controller 12 allows copying up to the authorized amount if a grant signal which authorizes a vend transaction, along with an available credit limit has been provided and refuses copying if a deny signal has been provided. Appropriate instructions to the user are provided by display 14.

Audible information (voice messages) can also be provided via speaker 22. An example of voice message is a reminder, repeated after a given time period, that a copy should be made or the transaction will be terminated. This could help a user from forgetting that there is an authorized credit still left on the machine which could be used by another if the user walks away. The problem of "forgetting" is also addressed by a timeout feature which terminates a transaction if no action is taken within a preset period of time. The allowable time between copies for a given transaction authorization can be set by the copy service provider.

Other audible or graphic messages, including instructions, pricing and advertising, can be provided as set up by the copy service provider.

A keypad 18 is also provided for entering key code information. A keypad with one or more keys can be provided, depending on the type of user input which may be required. In the case of a bank issued debit card, such as an ATM card, a personal identification number (PIN) may be required. In an exemplary embodiment of the past invention three keys are provided--a SERVICE key, a HELP key and an END key.

Controller 12 is shown connected to three types of remote locations through communication line 40. Remote credit verification location 46 has already been discussed. Remote service location 42 may he the same as or separate than remote credit verification location 46. Remote service location 42 receives and sends information concerning the operation of copy machine 28 and controller 12. Information such as additional copy paper or receipt paper required, or malfunctions may be communicated from copy machine 28 and controller 12 to remote service location 42.

Remote service location 42 may transmit a sleep signal or an out-of-order signal if it detects a malfunction in either device. Remote service location 42 may also be used to monitor when equipment is in use. Remote location 44 can also be the same as one or more of the other remote locations. It may have a function of receiving transaction information so that the types of use, rates of use and times of use can be monitored and analyzed to enhance copy service. With this information, deliveries of paper, toner and other supplies may be timed to enhance productivity of the vending machine and those servicing it. In the case of a computer system 400, shown in FIG. 13, remote location 44 can be an on-line service or other location for sending/receiving data.

In the embodiment of system 10 shown in FIG. 1, only a credit card reader 16 is shown. An alternate embodiment may use a coin mechanism or bill acceptor mechanism or prepaid card to pay for the copy vending. In such an embodiment, the transaction tracking and service capabilities of the present invention are still provided.

When a user has completed all of the user's copying, the number of transactions and cost per transaction are stored in a memory device of controller 12. This information, along with a predetermined transaction/cost information with other users will be settled by batch processing at a later time. The predetermined number of transactions may be related to the amount of memory, or requirements of the credit card company/processor (such as every 100 transactions). The batch settlement can also be related to a time period or combination of time period and number of transactions. Batch processing of transaction information is an efficient use of time, as a separate call is not required after every user's copying is complete. The operation of batch processing is discussed in more detail below. In an exemplary embodiment, batch settlement occurs daily.

Although not illustrated in system to shown in FIG. 1, it also possible to have multiple vending machines, such copy machines 28, attached to a single controller 12.

There is shown in FIG. 2 a block schematic diagram of the logic and communications circuits contained within controller 12.

Controller 12 contains a microprocessor 50 such as the Z0868108PSC by Zilog. Microprocessor 50 controls the input output (I/O) and memory functions of controller 12. Microprocessor 50 has a memory 52 for storing program information as well as transaction information. Memory 52 is shown consisting of a Read Only Memory (ROM) 54 and a Random Access Memory (RAM) 56. An example RAM is the DS1486 manufactured by Dallas Semiconductor. An example ROM is the 27C256-12/P by Microchip. This ROM chip is a 256K ROM. Microprocessor 50 may also be controlled by an instruction set stored in an Electrically Erasable Read Only Memory (EEROM) such as the 93C56-P serial EEROM also made by Microchip. Other types of memory including removable memory such as disks or removable cards may be used and will be understood by those skilled in the art.

Microprocessor 50 controls input and output through serial communications block 58 and I/O block 66.

Serial communication block 58 encompasses a communication section 60 for communicating with a modem (not shown); a communication block 64 for communicating with a card reader such as card reader 16; and a communication port for communication with a receipt printer such as receipt printer 20. In an exemplary embodiment, the on hoard modem used for communicating with remote locations is the CH1785 PCB mount modem by Cermetek. This modem provides communication at 2400 baud. Controller 12 also contains a 6252SA/6250SA/6272SA by Xico as card reader 16 and a receipt printer 20 made by Citizen. Serial communication ports are commonly referred to as "COM" ports. Thus, communication ports 60, 62 and 64 may be referred to as COM1, COM2 and COM3 respectively. The necessary circuitry and print out connectors for the modem, card reading and receipt printing functions are well known. In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and RS232 output is provided by the ADM235LJN integrated circuit by Analog Devices.

Controller 12 also has an optional speech processor 76. Speech processor 76 provides synthesized speech as a source of output through speaker 22. In this way, text information can be provided audibly as well as graphically. Speech is provided through the MSM6295GSK speech controller manufactured by OKI. Whether or not speech processors are provided to the user is optional. This feature can also be remotely activated and modified from a remote location such as remote service location 42. If speech is provided, a volume control mechanism and appropriate amplification and preamplification may be provided.

Speech processor 76 is operated by receiving a control signal from CPU 75. CPU 75 is a Microchip PIC16C54-H-HS/P. CPU 75 receives enabling and menu selection data from microprocessor 50. Based on the enabling and menu data received from microprocessor 50, CPU 77 starts speech processor 76. CPU 70 provides speech processor 76 with control signals and instruct speech processor 76 to play particular prerecorded message accessed from memory 79. Memory 79 is a ROM in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Memory 79 contains all of the prerecorded speech data used by speech processor 76. Speech data from memory 79 is converted to an analog signal via digital to analog converter in speech processor 76. The converted analog signal is fed to low pass filter network 80. Low pass filter 80 has a corner frequency of 4 khz in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The filtered signal is fed from 80 to audio amplifier 78. Audio amplifier is a Sanyo LA4460 in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Finally, the amplified analog signal is passed to speaker 22. An additional embodiment of the present invention an additional speaker is provided for non-speech output such as "BEEP" tones.

Controller 12 can be used to interface with a vending machine, such as a console copy machine 28 by identifying the pulse widths and amplitude of a copy enable signal. For example on the Minolta EP 1080 the Omron relay is inactive (off) and the output monitoring line is inactive (+24 volts) prior to a vend (copy) taking place. The transition from a low signal (0 volts) to a high signal (24 volts) is counted as one copy. Controller 12 monitors the line activity (in this case voltages) over a period of time. When the readings during this monitoring period agree with the transaction that is being requested, controller 12 stores the signal information in memory

If the readings do not agree with the transaction that is being requested, the time period over which the control signal is monitored is increased or decreased by a predetermined increment and a new reading is taken place and compared to the transaction being requested. This process is repeated until agreement between the readings and the desired transaction is achieved.

In an exemplary embodiment, an operator works interactively with controller 12, requesting a particular transaction (such as a single 81/2".times.11" copy) and indicating to controller 12 through keypad 18 whether the reading of controller 12 (as shown though display 14) agrees with the requested transaction.

There is shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B flow diagrams showing a main routine which checks for system errors, and whether it is time to communicate with a remote location, while waiting for a user to pass a magnetic card through magnetic card reader 16 (or deposit coins or currency if another type of payment means is provided).

Processing begins by entering block 82 where initial conditions for each output port and each input/output device are set. As previously described, the exemplary embodiment of the present invention uses serial ports for serially communicating with peripheral devices.

Processing then continues to block 84 where the main routine is started. In block 86 magnetic card reader 16 is reset. In block 88 a test takes place to determine whether the maximum number of transactions has been reached.

As an exemplary embodiment of the present invention processes transactions as a batch, it has a maximum number of transactions (based on the RAM size) which can be stored in its memory. Accordingly, when a predetermined maximum number of transactions is reached, controller 12 will not take anymore magnetic card inputs and will prepare to forward the multiple transaction information as a batch job over communication line 40 to a remote location.

If the determination in block 88 is "yes", processing goes to block 90 where the call home flag is set. The call home flag designates that it is time to call the remote location for batch processing. If the maximum number of transactions is not reached, processing moves to block 92 where it is determined if the call home flag has been set. If the flag has been set, a test is conducted to determine whether there has been a delay before the call home timer has expired. The call home flag can be set at any time in which system 10 is in operation. Controller 12 waits to place a call to a designated remote location ("home"), however, until a predetermined period of inactivity occurs. When the period of inactivity is exceeded, the call is placed. Other variables may be used to determine when to make a call. If the call home flag has been set, processing moves to system subroutine 200 which is shown in FIG. 8. If the call home flag has not been set, processing continues to block 94, where a determination is made as to whether a predetermined number of days between calls to the remote location has expired. If the predetermined number of days between calls to the remote location has expired, processing moves to block 96 where the correct time to call the remote location is checked.

If it is presently an allowable time to call the remote location, the call home flag is set in block 98 (the call home flag is cleared after a successful call is made). Processing then moves to block 100 (also on a negative condition from the determination made in blocks 94 and 96) where a check for certain system errors takes place. Examples of some system errors include printer out of paper, memory full and copier problems. If a system error has occurred, processing again moves to the system subroutine 200 shown in FIG. 8. If no system errors have occurred, processing continues to block 102 where a test is made to determine whether the out of service flag has been set. If the out of service flag has been set, processing moves to block 104 where an out of service message is displayed on display 14. Processing then moves back to block 84 and the main routine is once again started.

If the determination in block 102 is negative, processing moves to block 106 shown in FIG. 3B. In block 106 a title and logo are displayed on display 14. The title and logo are stored in one of the memory chips as ASCII characters to provide text and/or images. Processing next moves to Check System subroutine 120 shown in FIG. 4 to check the system. After returning from Check System Subroutine 120, processing moves to block 108 where it is determined whether card data has been obtained, from magnetic card reader 16. If magnetic card data has been obtained processing moves to Transaction Subroutine 220 to process the transaction. If no magnetic card data has been obtained, processing continues to block 110 where a first message is displayed on LCD display 14. In an exemplary embodiment, Message 1 provides identification information: Line 1--"CREDIT CARD COPY EXPRESS.TM."; Line 2--"USA Technologies, INC.".

While the first message is being displayed, a loop through check system subroutine 120 and determination block 108 and block 110 continues. A similar routine begins as processing move towards block 112 and block 114. Here, a second message is displayed on display 14. The second message provides operation information for the user: Line 1--"PRESS HELP"; Line 2--"FOR INSTRUCTIONS PRESS HELP." Processing continues to loop through Check System Subroutine 120 and determination block 112 and message display block 114 until the entire text of the second message has been displayed.

A similar process takes place as processing moles to block 116 and display block 118. Here, a third message is displayed. The third message provides instructions for using a magnetic card: Line 1--"SWIPE CARD"; Line 2--"TO MAKE: COPIES, SWIPE A VALID CREDIT CARD", and the processing loop consisting of Check System Subroutine 120, determination block 116 and message three display block 118 is carried out. If no magnetic card date is determined in block 116 and message three has completed its display in block 118, processing returns to block 86 shown in FIG. 3A.

There is shown in FIG. 4 a flow diagram of the Check System Subroutine. Processing begins by entering block 122 where a determination is made whether the HELP button has been depressed. If the HELP button has been depressed, processing moves to the HELP Message Subroutine 140 shown in FIG. 5. If the HELP button has not been depressed, processing moves to block 124 where it is determined whether the SERVICE button has been depressed. If the SERVICE button has been depressed, processing moves to System Service Subroutine 170 shown in FIG. 7. If the SERVICE button has not been depressed, processing moves to flow diagram 160 shown in FIG. 6 to determine whether a magnetic card has passed through magnetic card reader 16.

In block 126 it is determined whether a magnetic card has passed through magnetic card reader 16. If yes, processing moves to block 128 where the correctness of the magnetic card data is tested. If the data is acceptable, processing is moved to block 132 where the magnetic card data is saved in memory and the card read flag is set. If the card data is not acceptable, processing moves to block 134 where an error message is displayed on display 14. Following the display of the error message, the routine is exited.

There shown in FIG. 5, Help Message Subroutine 140. In an exemplary embodiment, this routine plays a prerecorded audio (voice) message when called. It also cycles through three informative help messages. Either completing the three messages or detection of a magnetic card in magnetic card reader 16 forces an exit out of Help Message Subroutine 140. Pressing a HELP button in keypad 18 will start this routine from the beginning.

Help Message Subroutine 140 begins by entering block 142 where the audio speech message is started. Audio speech is an option which can be selected by the copy service provider. It can also be provided or set from remote location. Processing next enters Check System Subroutine 120 shown in FIG. 4. Processing then moves to decision block 144 where it is determined whether a magnetic card has been passed through magnetic card reader 16. If a magnetic card is detected, processing moves to Transaction Subroutine 220 shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B. If a magnetic card has not been detected, processing moves to block 146 where the first help message is displayed. Processing continues to loop through Check System Subroutine 120, determination block 144 and message display block 146 until either a magnetic card is detected or the first message has been fully displayed. Processing then moves back to Check System Subroutine 120 and then to decision block 148. Similar to the Check System Subroutine 120, decision block 144 and display block 146 loop above, a similar loop takes place through Check System Subroutine 120, decision block 148 and display block 150 with respect to the second message. Finally, a third message loop consisting of Check System Subroutine 120, decision block 152 and message display block 154 takes place. If by the end of the third message a magnetic card is not detected, the subroutine is exited.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the following HELP messages are provided.

There is shown in FIG. 6, a flow diagram of Magnetic Card Detection Subroutine 160. This routine polls card reader 16 for an interrupt signal. If an interrupt signal is detected, data is transferred from magnetic card reader 16 to microprocessor 50. In an exemplary embodiment, a serial data link between magnetic card reader 16 and microprocessor 50 is used. This data is held in a scratch pad RAM buffer such as RAM 56.

This routine begins by entering block 162 where the magnetic card reader 16 data transfers are enabled. In block 164 a test in undertaken to determine if an interrupt is pending. If an interrupt is pending, processing moves to block 166 where magnetic card data is obtained via a serial data link 64 and saved in RAM memory 56. Processing then moves to block 168 where the data transfer from magnetic card reader 16 is disabled. When complete, this routine is exited.

There is shown in FIG. 7, Service Subroutine 170. The routine allows a user to view and change various service related fields. These fields may include the cumulative total of copies which have been made on the device (such as copier 28), the phone number(s) of remote location(s), controller 12/copier 28 ID number(s) and pulse delay number and other fields tailored to specific site equipment and conditions. The edit process involves using the HELP and END button located on keypad 18 to change the field information and move a cursor displayed on LCD display 14.

Processing begins by entering block 172 where the total number of copies made on copy machine 28 are displayed. Processing then continues to block 174 where a delay is effectuated until a SERVICE button is pressed or a time-out occurs. If a time-out occurs, the routine is exited and a hardware reset is generated in block 176. If the service button is pressed, processing moves to block 180 where a remote location phone number is displayed. If a time-out occurs, the routine is exited and a hardware reset is generated. If a service button is pressed, processing moves to block 182 where the copier IC number is displayed. At this time, the service operator can also edit the copier ID number. If a time-out occurs, processing moves to block 176 where the routine is exited. If the service button is pressed, processing moves to block 184 where the pulse window delay count is displayed. The service operator can also edit the pulse window delay count at this time. Again, if a time-out occurs, processing moves to block 176 where the routine is exited. If the service button is pressed, processing moves to block 186 where the call remote operator message is displayed. In an exemplary embodiment, a remote operator can be called by pressing the HELP and END buttons simultaneously. After block 186, processing moves to block 188 where the previous credit card transactions are settled and processed via modem if necessary. From block 190, Service Subroutine 170 is exited.

There is shown in FIG. 8 System Service Subroutine 200. This routine sends 100% of the transactions data stored in memory. If a predetermined amount of credit card transactions require settlement, and controller 12 is configured to batch process transaction settlement data directly to a particular remote location (such as remote location 44), batch processing is accompished first. Following the batch processing, a call is placed to remote service location 42. In an exemplary embodiment, a predetermined minimum amount of credit card transactions is used in the determination.

Processing begins by entering block 202 where a determination of how many credit card transactions are pending settlement. Processing then moves to block 204 where it is determined whether the amount of batch transactions waiting for settlement meet a predetermined batch size (such as a minimum batch size). If predetermined minimum batch size is not met, processing moves to block 210 where a call is made to remote service location 42. If the determination made in block 204 is yes, processing moves to block 206 where it is determined whether a flag has been enabled for sending the batch transaction settlement data. If the flag has not been set, processing moves to block 210 and a call is placed directly to remote service location 42. If the flag has been enabled processing moves to block 208 and the transaction settlement data is sent via modem to a remote location 44. Processing then moves to block 210. Following block 210, processing moves to block 212 where controller 12 transmits and receives data including configuration data, miscellaneous status and credit card transaction information via modem to remote service location 42.

There is shown in FIG. 9A Transaction Subroutine 220. This routine processes the magnetic card data. It also enables/disables a copier 28 for vending as required and terminates a transaction by updating memory variables and printing a receipt 24 on receipt printer 20.

Transaction Subroutine 220 begins by entering decision block 222 where it is determined whether a magnetic card read on magnetic card reader 16 is a valid accepted card type. If not, a message--"THAT CARD TYPE IS NOT ACCEPTED", is displayed on display 14. If the speech option is being used, the message is also played through speaker 22. Transaction subroutine 220 is then exited. If a valid card type is detected, processing moves to block 225 where it is determined whether receipt printer 20 is operating. If not, the message--"SORRY UNABLE TO PRINT RECEIPT SWIPE CARD AGAIN IF YOU DO NOT NEED A RECEIPT", is displayed on display 14. If the speech option is being used, the message is also played from speaker 22.

From block 228, processing moves to block 232 where it is determined whether the user passed a magnetic card through magnetic card reader 16. If no card is detected, Transaction Subroutine 220 is exited. If the magnetic card is detected, processing moves to block 230. Processing also moves to block 230 following a positive determination regarding operation of receipt printer 20. In block 230 it is determined whether a credit card or free vend card was read. If a credit card was read, a credit card verification takes place by contacting remote credit verification service 46 over a communication line 40. In block 238 it is determined whether the card is valid. This entails receiving an authorization signal from remote credit verification service 46. If a free vend card number was detected in block 230, processing moves to block 236. If a valid card is not determined in block 238, processing moves to block 242 where a message--"SORRY UNABLE TO AUTHORIZE CARD", is displayed on display 14. If the speech option is being used, this message is also output on speaker 22. Following block 242 Transaction Subroutine 220 is exited. If a valid card is detected in block 238, copier 28 is enabled in block 236.

Processing then moves to block 240 where it is determined whether a vend (copy) occurred. If yes, processing moves to Vend Copy Subroutine 270 and back to block 240. If a vend did not occur, processing moves to block 248 where it is determined whether a predetermined time-out has occurred. In an exemplary embodiment, a 40-second time period is used as the predetermined amount of time. If a 40-second time-out has not occurred, processing moves to block 251 in FIG. 9B. If a 40-second time-out has occurred, processing moves to block 246 and a message--"YOUR TRANSACTION WILL AUTOMATICALLY END IN 15 SECONDS PRESS `END` TO END YOUR TRANSACTION NOW PRESS `HELP` FROM MORE TIME" is displayed on display 14. If the speech option is being used, the message is output through speaker 22. This is an audible reminder so that a user does not leave an enabled vending machine active.

If the 40-second time-out did not occur then processing moves to block 251 shown in FIG. 9B, a determination is made in block 251 regarding whether the user has pressed the help button. If a HELP button has been pressed, processing moves to block 250 where the time-out counter is reset. Processing then re-enters block 240 and it is again determined whether a vend has occurred. If the HELP button was not pressed, processing moves to decision block 252 where it is determined whether the 60-second time-out has occurred. If yes, processing moves to block 256. If no, processing moves to block 258 where it is determined whether the user has pressed the END button. If the END button has not been pressed, processing again returns to block 240 to determine whether a vend has occurred. If either determination block 252 or block 258 is in the affirmative, processing moves to block 256 where a delay is effectuated to allow any last copies to be output and counted. Processing then moves to block 260 where the transaction record stored in memory is updated and the total number of copies, the total number of sales, the time, the date and any other information preset by the copy service operator is recorded. Processing then moves to block 262 where a receipt 24 is printed on receipt printer 20. Following block 262 Transaction Subroutine 220 is exited and a hardware reset occurs to ready controller 12 and copier 28 for the next user.

There shown in FIG. 10 Vend Copy Subroutine 270. This subroutine performs a delay to ensure accurate copy pulse counting and determining if preset conditions (such as number of copies) have been reached. If a preset number of conditions has been reached, the transaction is terminated. As previously discussed, copier 28 copies based on supplying a COPY OK enable signal. Counting pulses allows controller 12 to control and monitor copier 28 output.

Vend Copy Subroutine 270 begins by entering block 272 where processing awaits any copy pulse delays to expire. Processing then moves to block 274 where the transaction record is updated; total copies are adjusted, total sales and other miscellaneous memory variables are updated. Processing then moves to block 276 where it is determined if the maximum allowed copies for the magnetic card being used has been made. If yes, processing moves to block 256 shown in FIG. 9B. If not, processing moves to block 278 where the LCD showing the number of copies and the time-out timer is reset. Following block 278 then copy subroutine 270 is exited.

As an example of operation, a VISA card may be used as the magnetic card to purchase copies on a Minolta EP 1080 copier (copier 28). A user passes the VISA card (swipes) through card reader 16. Track 2 of the multiple tracks on the credit card is read and serially transmits 37 bytes of data from the magnetic card reader to CPU 50. Controller 12 then takes the modem off hook and dials remote credit verification location 46. A $10 amount is transmitted from controller 12 to remote credit verification location 46 over telephone lines 40.

Remote credit verification location 46 verifies that the credit card account is valid and that the requested authorization amount is available. This amount of credit is reserved by the credit card processor according to its own terms and government regulations (typically several days).

When a successful authorization has taken place, remote credit verification location 46 transmits an authorization code (approval code) granting the authorizing the transaction. The approval code and credit card data are then stored in RAM 56. The modem is taken off hook, ending the communication.

The user is then prompted through display 14 and/or speaker 22 to begin making copies. The Omron relay within controller 12 is activated, enabling the vend circuit. On the EP 1080 the blue/green wire pair in the coin acceptor plug are connected to each other. If remote credit verification location returns any message other than an authorization code, the communication is also terminated and the user is prompted that the card can not be processed at this time.

While enabled, the user can make copies and use any of the copier features. During a copy cycle, the output monitoring line is toggled low (+0 volts) and returned high (+24 volts). In the EP 1080, the red/blue pair of wires in the coin acceptor plug provide the output pulses. The red wire in the coin acceptor plug provides a +24 volt reference voltage and the blue wire transitions to provide the negative output pulse. This logic transition or pulse is detected by controller 12 on control line 26 and counted as one copy.

Next, controller 12 checks to see if the maximum allowed number of copies per authorization amount has been reached. If the maximum has been reached or no copies have been made in the last 60 seconds, the transaction is terminated. Terminating a transaction involves saving the transaction information in RAM (which can include date, time, total copies, total sales, etc.), prompting the user that the transaction is complete and printing a receipt. The Omron relay is deactivated and copier 28 taken out of the vend mode.

On a daily basis (or other period of time), a phone call is placed to a remote location 44 which is designated to receive batch settlement information. When a communication link is established and appropriate security, if any, cleared, card data, approval codes and transaction amounts are transmitted. This upload is a batch settlement. When the batch settlement is complete, a settlement approval code is received by controller 12 from remote location 44. The communication link is then terminated.

When the batch has been settled, a telephone call is placed to remote service location 42 which is the copy service operator. After a communication link is established, any system error messages, miscellaneous transaction information (such as dates, times, types of transactions, etc.) and batch settlement information (including the settlement approval code) is transmitted from controller 12 to remote service location 42. Remote service location 42 then transmits an acknowledgement signal to controller 12. The communication link is then terminated and memory cleared. System 10 is then ready for vending.

FIG. 11 is a flow diagram 280 showing general operation of one aspect of the present invention. In block 282 controller 12 is connected to output control line 26 of copier 28. Copier 28 is an exemplary embodiment of a vending machine which can be operated in accordance with the present invention. In block 284, the control signals which control copier 28 are read over a first time period. The first time period is preset for controller 12. Interfacing with a copier 28 or other vending machine is an itterative process of reading control signals comparing to a stored list in memory until a match is made. In block 286 copier responses are determined to compare to the control signals. This may be done interactively with an operator. As the operator depresses the copy button, controller reads the control signals at switch 38 put out by copier 28. When controller 12 identified a control signal indicating a copy is made, controller 12 displays this information to the operator through display 14.

In block 288, the control signals for the particular copier being used are stored. In an alternative embodiment, a pointer can point to the control signals already stored in memory for the particular copier being used. In this case, the location information (pointer) is stored. Finally, in block 290 the stored control signals are read in order to operate copier 28.

There is shown in FIG. 12 flow diagram 300 showing another aspect of the present invention.

In block 302 magnetic card information such as information encoded on a credit card is read. As previously discussed, other types of magnetic card information can be read, depending upon the type of magnetic card used. In block 304 an authorization amount for a particular transaction is obtained. In the case of copier 28 an authorization (approval) for a predetermined amount of copying is obtained. In an alternative embodiment, a user may enter the amount of credit the user desires.

In block 306, the authorization amount or approval obtained in block 304 is stored in memory. In block 308 the copy machine is operated following the storage of an authorization amount from block 306. Finally, in block 310 following the completion of the copy transaction, the transaction information is stored in memory.

There is shown in FIG. 13 an exemplary computer system 400 in accordance with the present invention. Computer system 400 includes a computer 402, such as a personal computer ("PC") running on an X86, Pentium.TM. or similar microprocessor. PC 402 is shown with a disk drive 404 and a CD-ROM drive 406. Other drive sizes or types may also be included in PC 402. PC 402 is also connected to a monitor 408. PC 402 is also shown connected to controller 12.

Controller 12 used in computer system 400 is similar in function to controller 12 used in system 10. Controller 12 includes a receipt printer 20 for printing receipts 24, speaker 22 for audio output, card reader 16 for input of magnetic card data from a credit card or debit card and text display screen 14 for displaying text. Controller 12 also includes a keypad 18 which may include a greater/lesser number of keys than keypad 18 shown in system 10. For example, a "MORE TIME" key 412 may be included in controller 12 used in computer system 400 so that a user could close out or finish the application being run or on-line service with which the user is connected.

For input and output, PC 402 may be connected to one or more peripheral devices. An example of peripheral devices are printer 414, color printer 416 scanner 418 and modem 420. Modem 420, although illustrated as an external peripheral device, maybe internal to controller 12 and/or PC 402. Controller 12 contains a microprocessor 50 similar in function to microprocessor 50 shown in FIG. 2. Because controller 12 in computer system 400 is required to control several peripheral devices, microprocessor 50 shown in FIG. 14 is shown with more control options than microprocessor 50 controlling a copier 28 as shown in FIG. 2.

For example, in order to control PC 402, microprocessor 50 controls a keyboard/printer enable/disable switch 422. By regulating access to keyboard 410, access to PC 402 is effectively regulated. The same holds true for regulation of printer use and use of other peripheral devices. For the peripheral devices, such as printer 414, regulation of use can be accomplished by several methods. One method is taking the printer off-line. Another method is blocking or breaking the flow of data sent to this printer. Still another means of regulation is to intercept the pulse packet used to initiate printing or scanning in printers 414, 416 or scanner 418, respectively. The pulse packet is an electrical signal having a pulse duration corresponding to initiating a single print. By counting the pulses over a certain time, the number of prints/scans and size of paper can be determined. Counting pulses can be accomplished by using a pulse counter such as pulse counter 125 shown in FIG. 14.

This method of control operates similar to the counting of pulses in system 10 for copy machine 28. By counting the number of pulses, microprocessor 50 can determine the number of pages being printed.

Regulation of use can also be accomplished by controlling the power going to the device. Although not shown in the figures, this can be accomplished by a programmable or switchable AC power station.

Microprocessor 50 is also shown controlling RS232 serial connection 426. RS232 connection 426 is an example of a data communication connection. Other interfaces, such as a parallel interface, or a network interface could be substituted for RS232 serial connection 426. Data communication connection 426 is used for communication with a modem such as modem 420. Modem 420 is used for two functions in this exemplary embodiment. It is used to contact remote credit verification location 46 as well as to contact a remote location for data communication. One example of such a remote location is an on-line service. Instead of contacting an on-line service, modem 420 can be used to send and receive documents between two locations, send and receive facsimile transmissions or other modem uses. The remaining connections to microprocessor 50 operate in a similar fashion to those described with respect to FIG. 2.

EEPROM 428 is an Electrically Erasable Read Only Memory. It is used to store information data and does not require power to retain data. Piezo buzzer 425 is used to provide audio "beeps" as attention signals to a user.

There shown in FIG. 15 a block diagram of an example control arrangement for PC 402 and modem 420. In FIG. 15 a switching circuit 430 is provided which is controlled by microprocessor 50. When modem communication is allowed, microprocessor 50 sends signals to switching circuit 430 connecting modem 420 to PC 402 through serial connection 424. When not allowed, modem 420 is removed (disconnected) from the circuit connected to PC 402. In either case, microprocessor 50 is free to translate and receive data signals over modem 420 via a direct connection to modem 420. In an exemplary embodiment, modem 420 is built directly into controller 12. Modem 420 could also be extended to controller 12 as will be understood by those skilled in the art.

There is shown in FIGS. 16A, 16B and 16C a transaction subroutine 440. Transaction subroutine 440 is used to control computer system 400 via a credit or debit card. Processing begins by entering decision block 442 where it is determined whether the magnetic card data from a credit or debit card passed through card reader 16 is an acceptable card type. A negative response occurs if a non-accepted credit card is passed through magnetic card reader 16. If negative, processing moves to block 444 which displays a message that card type not accepted on display 14. If speech is enabled, an audio output similar to the above message is provided through speaker 22. From block 44, transaction subroutine 440 is exited.

If a valid magnetic card type is read by magnetic card reader 16, processing moves to decision block 446 where it is determined whether receipt printer 20 is working. If receipt printer 20 is not working, processing moves to block 448 where the user is asked to swipe the magnetic card through a magnetic card reader 16 for a second time if the user does not require a receipt. A similar instructional audio message can be provided through speaker 22 if speech is enabled. From block 448, processing moves to decision block 450 where it is determined whether the user swiped the magnetic card a second time through magnetic card reader 16. If not, transaction subroutine 440 is exited at block 460. If a second swipe has been detected, processing moves to decision block 462. Processing also moves to decision block 462 if a positive determination is made in block 446.

In block 462, a determination is made as to whether the magnetic card type is a credit/debit card or a free-vend card. A free-vend card can be provided to allow no-charge use to particular users such as personnel of a computer center where a computer system 400 is located. Users with a free-vend card are allowed to use and operate computer system 400 in a predetermined manner. This may include limited use of peripheral devices or full use of peripheral devices.

If the determination in block 462 is that a free-vend card has been passed through magnetic card reader 16, processing moves to block 466 where PC 402 and the allowed peripheral devices are enabled. Enabling PC 402 may involve allowing keyboard operation. It may also involve providing AC power as was described for regulating peripheral devices.

If the determination in block 462 is that a credit/debit card has been passed through magnetic card reader 16, processing moves to block 464 where the magnetic card is verified with remote credit verification location 46 via modem 420. Processing then moves to block 468 where it is determined if the magnetic card is valid.

If the card is not valid, processing moves to block 474 where a text message is displayed advising the user that it is unable to process the magnetic card, thus denying access to operate computer system 400. If speech is enabled, a similar message is provided over speaker 22. From block 474, transaction subroutine 440 is exited. If the magnetic card is valid, processing moves to block 466 where the PC 402 and the peripheral devices are enabled. Also in block 466, a timer is started to track the time a user is working on PC 400. This would allow an optional charge to be levied for the computer time. The method of charging depends upon the operator of PC system 400. One way of charging for time is on a per minute basis. A predetermined authorization amount is obtained during credit/debit card verification. A user is then charged on a per minute basis for actual use. In addition, the user is charged for any "extras" such as (but not limited to) printing, scanning or modem use. Another method of charging for computer time is by selling blocks of time (i.e. time intervals) for a set price. A user's running time would then be counted down from the time interval (i.e. one hour).

From block 466, processing moves to decision block 472 where it is determined whether computer use of PC 400 is set to charge based on a per minute basis or a time interval basis. If set to charge on a per minute basis, processing moves to block 470 where billing is calculated based on time used in minutes. Other charges such as (but not limited to) the number of copies which were made by the user, the number of scans made by the user and related uses of peripheral devices is determined. If modem 420 was used for outside communication, the amount of time for modem use (possibly including any on-line service charges) can be added. The amount of current use is then displayed on display device 14. This amount could also be provided through speaker 22 if speech is enabled. From block 470 processing moves to block 484 in FIG. 16B.

If computer use is to be charged on a per interval basis, processing moves from decision block 472 to block 476 where a calculation similar to that made in block 470 is made except that the charges for computer time are determined on an interval basis instead of a per minute basis. From block 476, processing moves to decision block 484 in FIG. 16B. Referring now to FIG. 16B, decision block 484 determines if there is any time remaining within the preset period. If there is time remaining, a text message is displayed on display 14 advising the user of the amount of time remaining from the time interval purchased by the user. If "MORE TIME" button 412 is present controller 12, the user can also be advised to press the "MORE TIME" button to allow additional time beyond the preset interval. If speech is enabled, audio information can be provided through speaker 22 corresponding to the text message displayed on display 14.

If the determination made in block 44 is negative, processing moves to decision block 48 where it is determined whether time has expired if the pay per interval mode has been set. If time has expired, processing moves to block 490 where a text message is provided on display 14 that the session has concluded and a receipt is being printed. If the user had earlier agreed to use computer system 400 without a receipt, no receipt would be printed at this point. If speech is enabled, a corresponding audio message is provided via speaker 22.

From block 490, processing moves to block 492 where computer keyboard 410 and peripheral devices 414, 416, 418 and 420 are disabled. PC 402 can determine/track and store transaction details and then send the transaction details to controller 12 to be appended to the receipt, via RS232 connection 426, for example. An itemized receipt 24 is then printed via receipt printer 20. Receipt printer 20 may alternatively be an external printer attached to PC 402. From block 492 transaction subroutine 440 is exited. If the determination made in decision block 48 is negative, processing moves to decision block 496 where it is determined whether printer 414 or printer 416 or scanner 418 have been used. If yes, processing moves to block 498 where the counter on each of these peripheral devices is incremented corresponding to the number of prints or scans made. Charges for use of these peripheral devices is then displayed on display 14. This amount could also be provided through speaker 22 is speech has been enabled. Processing then moves to decision block 500.

In decision block 500 it is determined whether a user has requested use of modem 420. In an exemplary embodiment, this is determined by detecting whether PC 402 has provided serial communication commands through the RS232 communication port, while the modem is in use. Microprocessor 50 can monitor modem commands such as data carrier detect (DCD), ring indicator (RI), ready to send (RTS), clear to send (CTS), data terminal ready (DTR), data set ready (DSR) and reset. In an exemplary embodiment, these lines are monitored continuously, although it may not be necessary to monitor all lines for every application of the present invention. Commands, such as ATDT (followed by a phone number) or AT (followed by a recognized modem command) are also monitored, recognized and acted upon, or detected. Modem commands are monitored or received depending upon the current state of the system. For example, when modem 420 is not in use, PC 402 sends the modem commands directly to controller 12 to take an appropriate action. When controller 12 attaches PC 402 to modem 420 directly, controller 12 assumes a monitoring roll.

Next, processing moves to modem use subroutine 520 shown in FIG. 17. If no serial communication commands are detected, processing moves to decision block 502 where it is determined whether modem 420 is in use. In an exemplary embodiment, modem 420 use is checked by determining whether the "carrier detect" is active. If active, the "modem in use" flag is set. If the flag has been set, processing moves to block 504 where the "modem in use" flag and "stop modem in use" timer are cleared. Processing then moves to block 506 where it is determined whether the use has pressed the "END" button in keyboard 18. If the "END" button has been pressed, processing moves back to block 490. If the "END" button has not been pressed, processing moves to block 510 shown in FIG. 16C.

In decision block 510 shown in FIG. 16C, a determination is made whether the user is pressing "MORE TIME" button 412. If "MORE TIME" button is not pressed processing moves to block 472 shown in FIG. 16A. If "MORE TIME" button 412 is pressed, processing moves to decision block 512 where it is determined whether the pay per interval mode is set. If not set, processing moves to decision block 472 shown in FIG. 16A. If the pay per interval mode has been set, processing moves to decision block 514 where it is determined whether the authorized credit (or debit) limit will be exceeded by current usage. If current usage will exceed the preauthorized limit, processing moves to block 516 where the user is advised via display 14 that the user must swipe the credit/debit card through magnetic card reader 16 for additional time on computer system 400. If speech is enabled, this information can also be provided via speaker 22. If the intended use will not exceed the authorized limit, processing moves to block 518, where the user is advised that the remaining time has been extended. Processing then moves to decision block 472 shown in FIG. 16A.

FIG. 20 shows a block diagram for a computer system 400 where an external receipt printer 502 is used instead of an internal receipt printer 20. PC 402 is connected to controller 12 via printer cable connection 426, such as an RS232 serial connection. Controller 12 contains an internal switching network for directing general computer printing to an external PC printer 414 or printing of receipts to external receipt printer 500.

In the alternative, a single external printer 414 can be used for both general computer printing and receipt printing. In addition, the switching network can be external to controller 12 (not shown) as would be understood by those skilled in the art.

FIG. 21 shows a block diagram of a multi PC setup where the multiple PCs 414 share a single printer 414 and a single external receipt printer 500. In this case, a printer switch box 502 is used to direct print jobs to printer 414. Controller 12 acting controls printer switch box 502 to direct computer print jobs to printer 414 (or receipt printer 500) when available. In this embodiment, Controller 12 directs a "printer unavailable" code to a PC 402 when printer 414 is in use by another PC 402. As an alternative, all receipt printing can be sent to external printer 414, so that a separate external receipt printer is not necessary.

There shown in FIG. 17 modem use subroutine 520. Modem use subroutine 520 begins by determining whether the phone number sent by PC 402 is a valid, accepted phone number, in block 522. In an exemplary embodiment this is determined by checking the telephone number entered by the user against a pressured list of accepted telephone numbers. The pressured telephone numbers can be stored in EEPROM 428 or other memory device. If the telephone number is not an accepted phone number, processing moves to block 524 where the user is advised via display 14 that the telephone number is not allowed. Depending upon the software loaded on PC 402, the user can be restricted to select from a list of telephone numbers. If speech is enabled, a corresponding message can be provided via speaker 22. From block 524, modem subroutine 520 is exited.

If the telephone number sent by PC 402 is a valid and accepted telephone number, processing moves from decision block 522 to block 528 where the telephone number is dialed through modem 420. After the carrier detect signal is received, a "modem in use" timer is started to determine the amount of time spent on-line for charging to the user. The "modem in use" flag is also set in block 528.

Computer system 400 is operated by a user swiping a valid magnetic (credit/debit) card through magnetic card reader 16 located in controller 12. Controller 12 contains microprocessor 50, which in an exemplary embodiment is a Zilog Z8. Microprocessor 50 activates modem 420, which is located in controller 12 in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

In an exemplary embodiment, speech processor 75 is present and is also enabled by the swipe of a credit/debit card through magnetic card reader 16.

Credit verification is obtained via modem 420 over telephone lines 40, in a similar fashion to that of system 10 shown in FIG. 1. An appropriate approval is requested for a requested amount corresponding to the cost charged for the particular configuration of computer system 400. For example, an authorization amount of $20.00 may be requested which would allow a user to spend one hour of time operating computer 402 (in pay per interval mode), spending 15 minutes on an on-line service without any additional charges by the on-line service and print ten pages. The requested authorization amount is a predetermined dollar amount set by the operator of computer system 400. In another embodiment, a user may enter an authorization amount directly into keyboard 18 for verification and approval by remote verification location 46.

Microprocessor 50 also tracks the time PC 402 is in use. This amount can be constantly updated or displayed on display 14. Display 14 can also display the time remaining if computer time has been purchased in intervals. If purchased by the minute, display 14 can show the elapsed time. Transaction data information is stored in RAM memory 54 shown in FIG. 14.

When computer 402 sends data to printer 414 or 416 or receives data from scanner 418, an electronic pulse counter 424 receives data from the corresponding peripheral device corresponding to the number of prints/scans which have been made. This information can also be displayed on display 14 advising the user of the costs incurred for use of a printing or scanning device.

When a user is connected to an on-line service through modem 420, microprocessor 50 obtains the dialing and modem operation parameters from pressured data in EEPROM 428 and/or ROM 56. Microprocessor 50 tracks the on-line time which can also be displayed on display 14 with the other information. As previously noted, transaction data is stored in RAM 54. Storing, tracking, requesting and batching of transaction information is carried out for computer system 400 in a similar manner as previously was described with respect to copier.

FIG. 18 shows an exemplary prepaid card dispensing system 450. System 450 dispenses prepaid cards and/or encodes prepaid cards using a credit card as the source of payment.

Controller 12 used in prepaid card dispensing system 450 is similar in function to controller 12 used in system 10. Controller 12 includes a receipt printer 10 for printing receipts 24, speaker 22 for audio output, card reader 16 for input of magnetic card data from a credit card or bank issued debit card and text display screen 14 for displaying text. Controller 12 also includes a keypad 18 which may include a lesser or greater number of keys than keypad 18 shown in system 10. for example, a "MORE MONEY" key 452 may be included in keypad 18 or separately in controller 12 (as shown) for increasing the prepaid amount being encoded on a prepaid card. MORE MONEY key 452 may be a single key (to increment a predetermined dollar amount) or a keypad (to enter a specific dollar amount) or set of keys (such as two keys, each with a specified dollar amount increment). In an exemplary embodiment,

Controller 12 is connected to a prepaid card encoding/dispensing machine 454 via electrical connection line 451. Prepaid card encoding/dispensing machine 454 contains equipment, such as a magnetic card strip reader/writer, to encode a new or existing prepaid card 456 with a desired prepaid amount (an amount of credit which is debited when used in a vending machine such as a photocopier). Prepaid card encoding/dispensing machine 454 will typically include an opening 462 for dispensing a new prepaid card 464 and/or encoding a user's existing prepaid card 464 with a prepaid amount. It should be understood that although a single opening 462 is shown in FIG. 18, separate openings may be provided, one each for dispensing new prepaid cards and encoding existing prepaid cards, respectively. In order to encode an existing prepaid card 464 with a desired prepaid amount.

Prepaid card encoding/dispensing machine 454 may also include a currency acceptor 456. Currency acceptor 456 may have either or both a coin acceptor 458 and a bill acceptor 460. An exemplary embodiment of the present invention is adaptable to an existing prepaid card encoding/dispensing machines 454 which is already fitted with a currency acceptor 456.

When connected to a prepaid card encoding/dispensing machine 454, controller 12 provides control signals which correspond to the control signals which are generated when currency is used in currency acceptor 456. For some prepaid card encoding/decoding machines, the control signals may be digital data which are sent and received. Other machines may use control signals which are generated by actuating a relay (not shown). In this case, controller 12 provides a voltage signal corresponding to the voltage signal which is put on line when the relay is actuated. In a system which actuates a relay to provide a control signal a predetermined number of pulses correspond to a dollar amount to be encoded on a prepaid card. For example, each pulse may correspond to another dollar encoded on the prepaid card. The total dollar amount is the cumulative amount of pulses. Another system may use a single pulse to represent 25 cents, with four pulses representing a dollar.

To take into account the different types of machines and pulse coding, controller 12 in an exemplary embodiment contains a memory for storing the pulse codes for a variety of prepaid card encoding/dispensing machines 454. Thus, the operation of controller 12 for this embodiment has some similarities to the operation of controller 12 attached to a copy machine 28 (see FIG. 1), in that pulse codes are generated to operate the respective vending device which is attached. Controller 12 can also interpret the pulse codes of a prepaid card encoding/dispensing machine 454 by monitoring the pulse codes over a period of time and comparing the reading to a listing of pulse codes stored in memory.

In an exemplary embodiment, an operator works interactively with a controller 12 connected to a prepaid card encoding/dispensing machine 454 to verify the amount, if any, that is being encoded on a prepaid card 464 in response to operator input at controller 12.

FIG. 19 shows a flow chart 494 illustrating the operation of system 450.

The process begins with reference to block 470 when the pulse/dollar count is retrieved from a memory location in controller 12. The pulse/dollar count is the number of pulses representing a dollar amount for the particular prepaid card encoding/dispensing machine 454 which is connected to controller 12. A counter, activated by MORE MONEY key 452 is cleared for the new transaction.

The next step in the process is to add a fixed fee to prepaid card 464. In an exemplary embodiment, an initial minimum amount may be set for encoding prepaid card 464. Pressing the MORE MONEY key 452 increments this amount by a second predetermined amount. The predetermined amounts are set by the operator and may be changed remotely over communication line 40. The appropriate number of pulse codes are generated to encode a prepaid card 464 with the specified dollar amount requested by the user. For example, if the initial amount is two dollars and each pulse corresponds to one dollar, two pulses would be initially sent to encode two dollars onto prepaid card 464. Each subsequent depression of MORE MONEY KEY 452 adds an additional dollar to prepaid cash 464. In a system using relays, the relay is opened and closed the appropriate number of times to control encoding of prepaid card 464. For some applications, it may be necessary to translate or convert the control signals to provide a desired transaction. For example, a prepaid card dispensing/encoding machine 454 which dispenses prepaid cards for use with photocopiers may encode/dispense prepaid cards with a specified number of copies instead of a specified dollar amount. If a user entered a specified dollar amount into a controller 12, controller 12 would translate the dollar amount into a corresponding number of copies and send out the appropriate control signals (i.e. pulse codes) to store the corresponding number of copies on a prepaid card 464.

Next, at block 474, a determination is made regarding whether a time out has occurred. A time out occurs if there is no activity for a preset amount of time. In an exemplary embodiment, the preset amount of time is approximately 10 seconds. If a timeout has occurred, a speech message is broadcast thorough speaker 22 (if speech is enabled) that a receipt is being printed. This message may also be displayed on display 14 as a text message. As shown at block 478, the transaction is completed at this point. The user then removes the prepaid card from opening 462 and a receipt 24 from receipt printer 20.

If a time out has not occurred at block 474, a determination is made at block 480 regarding whether MORE MONEY key 452 has been pressed. If MORE MONEY key 452 has been pressed, a counter is incremented in block 484 reflecting that an additional prepaid amount has been requested by the user. In block 486, a memory look up takes place to receive a dollar amount which corresponds to the count in the MORE MONEY press counter. This can be accomplished as a memory look up or as a calculation. Next, as shown in block 488, the Pulse per Dollar count is obtained from memory. The pulse per dollar amount is the number of pulses for the particular card encoding/dispensing machine 454 which corresponds to a predetermined dollar amount (i.e. one dollar). In block 490 the new sale total is calculated and the total is saved to RAM memory. This amount may be displayed on display 14 or output as speech through speaker 22 as a convenience to the user. Prepaid card 464 is encoded with the new dollar amount as shown in block 492. Following the update of prepaid card 464, processing returns to block 474 to determine if a time out has occurred.

If it is determined that MORE MONEY key 452 is not pressed, a determination is made at block 482 regarding whether a maximum transaction amount has been reached. If a maximum transaction amount has been reached, processing moves to block 476, prior to termination in block 478. If a maximum dollar amount has not been reached, processing continues at block 474.

The operation of system 450 for obtaining credit card authorization, determining if maintenance is necessary and providing operation statistics (i.e. number of vends) is described with respect to FIGS. 3 through 10. These operations are substantially identical to those for a controller 12 connected to a copy machine 28, with certain differences in the information provided which may be different for a copy machine 28 as compared to a prepaid card encoding/dispensing machine 454 as will be understood by those skilled in the art.

FIG. 22 shows a schematic diagram of a pulse converter circuit 504 which is used in an exemplary embodiment to generate a pulse when controller 12 is connected to a vending device such as a copier 28, prepaid card encoding/dispensing machine 454, printer 414 or a microfiche machine (not shown). Pulse converter circuit 504 provides an approximately 5 volt output between outputs 530 and ground and 532 and ground. Pulse converter circuit 504 is shown comprised of two circuits 534 and 536, each containing a line monitor 508.

Voltage divider network 506 serves to reduce current supplied to a first line monitor 508. Line monitor 508 is an optically connected input/output circuit made by Quality Tech under part number MID400 in an exemplary embodiment. Line monitor 508 provides a high degree of isolation between input and output used for counting copies and enabling and disabling controller 12. Depending on the application one or both circuits may be used.

When a pulse appears at one of the inputs 518, 520, 522, 524 or 526 of voltage divider network 506, the signal is passed along to the inputs of the first line monitor 508. If the voltage and current are sufficient to drive the input of line monitor 508, an output signal is generated, Diodes 510 and 512 protect line monitor 508 from over voltage or high transient voltage situations which could damage the integrated circuit chip.

Circuit 536 operates similar to circuit 534. Capacitor 516 and resistor 514 in circuit 536 replace voltage divider network 506 used in circuit 534. When an AC voltage is placed across inputs 534, capacitor 516 passes the AC voltage component applied to inputs 534 and regulates the current flow. Voltage inputs in an exemplary embodiment can range from 24 volts AC to 115 volts AC.

The current flow in an exemplary embodiment is approximately 10 milliamps per 0.1 microfarads. Leakage current for particular capacitors 516 can be obtained from the capacitor manufacturer. In an exemplary embodiment, capacitor 516 is a 0.22 microfarad capacitor which provides approximately 22 milliamps of current flow to a second line monitor 509 (shown in circuit 2). Since capacitor 516 passes the AC voltage component and blocks the DC voltage component, diodes 511 and 513 serve to clamp the voltage to approximately 5.1 volts.

Accordingly, when the pulse arrives at circuit 536, capacitor 516 provides low current regulation and diodes 511 and 513 provide voltage regulation. Resistor 514 discharges capacitor 516 when the input pulse is removed.

While particular embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein, it is not intended to limit the invention to such disclosure, and changes and modifications may be incorporated and embodied within the scope of the following claims.