Electronic Purse Card Value System

This invention relates to systems for carrying out financial transactions electronically. Specifically, this invention relates to a system which loads and unloads data representative of cash value to and from an integrated circuit bearing card, which card may be used by a card bearer to obtain goods, services or other items of value. The system of the present invention enables the card bearer to debit the cash value loaded on to the card from a bank account associated with the card or to debit or charge the value to other accounts associated with different cards.

Transaction processing systems have been developed which enable consumers to obtain goods or services by using credit or debit cards. Credit cards are used by a consumer to charge against an account for the goods or services being provided. When using a credit card, the consumer later pays the credit card issuer for the amount charged. A common example of a credit card is the VISA.RTM. card provided by VISA International.

Debit cards may also be used by consumers to pay for goods or services. A debit card is associated with a bank account maintained by the consumer. When a consumer uses a debit card to pay for goods or services, the amount of the transaction is deducted from the consumer's account.

Electronic credit and debit card terminals have been developed which facilitate the processing of debit and credit card transactions. Merchants generally have these terminals at a point of sale of goods or services. Such terminals are connected through telephone or other data lines to computer networks which process and keep accounts of transactions. When a consumer purchases goods or services at a point of sale the consumer's account may be charged if a credit card is used and the merchant's account may be credited. Similarly, if a debit card is used to pay for the purchase, the consumer's account is debited for the amount of the purchase and the merchant's account is credited.

Such point of sale (POS) terminals often keep a record of the transactions in memory. Periodically the terminal is connected via data line to a computer called a settlement host which receives a record of all the transactions that have been conducted. The settlement host operates to make sure that the merchant's account is properly credited for all of the transactions that have been carried out at the terminal.

The vast majority of credit and debit cards in use in the United States today contain information on the customer account associated with the card. This information is presented in two forms. The account number associated with the customer's account is presented in raised numerals on the card along with the customer's name and certain other information. This enables a merchant to mechanically make an impression of the account data on a multi-part form. The other way in which account information is generally provided is by encoding the account information on a magnetic stripe on the back of the card. The magnetic stripe may have up to three data bearing tracks which includes data representative of the customer's account number, name and other data.

Conventionally, the account number data on a customer's card includes a numeric identifier which identifies the card issuer and/or the bank which issued the card. This account number data, which is generally referred to as a primary account number or "PAN" contains sufficient information to identify the card issuer and the account. Often, particularly in the case of debit cards, the account number includes a bank institution number or "BIN" which identifies a particular bank. Electronic financial processing networks have been developed which enable the routing of the transaction messages based on the card information so that the appropriate accounts are charged and credited.

In recent years, integrated circuit cards have been developed. These cards are often referred to as "smart cards". Integrated circuit cards are similar to conventional debit and credit cards, except that they additionally include an integrated circuit chip. The integrated circuit chip is used to store data related to the customer and his or her account. The integrated circuit chip often includes encryption programs and stored data which are used to correlate card information with a personal identification number or PIN which a customer may input in a transaction terminal. This correlation is used to provide authentication that the bearer is the proper user of the card.

Integrated circuit type chip cards also generally include data in memory representative of cash value. This cash value data is stored on the card. This value may be used in the same manner as cash by the card bearer to purchase goods or services.

Terminals have been developed which read the data included on the integrated circuit and which change the stored data to represent an addition or subtraction of cash value. Merchants who have such terminals may accept a customer's integrated circuit card as payment by reducing the value data stored on the card.

Systems involving the use of integrated circuit cards have not been used extensively in the United States due to a lack of available systems for processing such transactions. Before integrated circuit cards may gain wide acceptance there must be a means of loading the data representative of value on to the integrated circuit card. Ideally such loading must be done conveniently from a consumer's other accounts. In addition, wide acceptance of such cards requires the development of systems for settlement between entities which charge a consumer for the value loaded on the card and the merchants who reduce the value data on the integrated circuit card in payment for goods or services.

Thus, there exists a need for a system which is capable of loading and unloading data representative of value on to an integrated circuit card in which the value is taken from and returned to sources of funds associated with credit or debit cards. There further exists a need for a system which provides settlement between entities involved in transfers of cash value to and from the card users, which value is represented by data stored on the integrated circuit cards.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an electronic purse card value system.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide an electronic purse card value system for use in connection with integrated circuit cards.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide an electronic purse card value system which includes a terminal device for loading and unloading data representative of value from an integrated circuit card.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide an electronic purse card value system which includes novel electronic transaction message formats.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide an electronic purse card value system that includes novel electronic message settlement formats.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide methods for operating an electronic purse card value system.

Further objects of the present invention will be made apparent in the following Best Modes for carrying out invention and the appended claims.

The foregoing objects are accomplished in a preferred embodiment of the present invention by an electronic purse card value system which includes at least one terminal device. The terminal device accepts an integrated circuit card which includes an integrated circuit thereon which is enabled to store data representative of value. Hereinafter integrated circuit cards are alternatively referred to as "smart cards", "stored value cards" or "SVCs". A stored value card accepted by the terminal device also preferably has thereon a magnetic stripe which carries indicia such as magnetically encoded credit card or debit card data.

The terminal device preferably includes a modem to enable selective communication between the terminal device and a plurality of host computers. The terminal device is programmed to connect to a particular host computer responsive to data included on a customer's card to process card transactions. The terminal is further configured to connect to a settlement host computer to transmit records of the transactions carried out at the terminal for settlement purposes.

The preferred embodiment of the terminal of the present invention enables a customer to load and unload value to and from a stored value card, respectively. The customer is enabled to load value from selected charge accounts or bank accounts. These accounts include a particular account associated with the card to which value is to be loaded, as well as accounts associated with other credit or debit cards. Similarly, the customer is enabled to unload value from the stored value card and to have the unloaded value credited to an account associated with the stored value card, or a different account card.

The preferred embodiment of the terminal device of the present invention also enables a consumer to make balance inquiries concerning the amount of cash value stored in memory on a stored value card. The customer is also enabled to make account balance inquiries related to various other accounts. This may be a bank account or charge account associated with the stored value card or accounts associated with other cards. The terminal device of the present invention is also capable of carrying out administrative functions as well as settlement functions in the system.

FIG. 1 schematic view of the electronic purse card value system of the present invention.

FIG. 2 schematic view of the customer interface of the terminal device of the electronic purse card value system.

FIG. 3 is a table of the data elements among the configurable data for the terminal device of the electronic purse card value system.

FIG. 4 is a table including descriptions of the data elements shown in FIG. 3.

FIGS. 5 through 15 schematic representation of the transaction flow and associated screen displays for the operation of the terminal device.

FIG. 16 is an example of a receipt for a load transaction carried out using the terminal device.

FIG. 17 is a sample unload receipt for an unload transaction carried out using the terminal device.

FIG. 18 is a sample receipt for a balance inquiry on a stored value card carried out using the terminal device.

FIG. 19 is a sample receipt for a balance inquiry concerning an account associated with a card carried out using the terminal device.

FIG. 20 is a schematic view of the message flows for messages passed between the terminal device and an ATM host in the electronic purse card value system of the invention.

FIGS. 21 and 22 are a table showing the format and content of a request message transmitted between the terminal device and the ATM host in the system of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a table showing the format and content of a response message.

FIG. 24 is a table showing the format and content of a completion message.

FIG. 25 is a table showing the format and content of a poll message.

FIG. 26 is a schematic view of the message flows between the terminal device and a settlement host in the electronic purse card value system of the present invention.

FIG. 27 is a table showing the layout of a settlement message transmitted from the terminal device to the settlement host.

FIG. 28 is a table showing the format and content layout of a batch header included in a settlement message.

FIGS. 29 and 30 are a table showing the format and content layout of card issuance and refund transaction records transmitted between the terminal device and the settlement host.

FIG. 31 is a table showing the format and content layout of a card issuance/refund batch trailer record included in the settlement message.

FIG. 32 is a table showing the format and content layout of a goods and services batch header record included in the settlement message.

FIG. 33 is a table showing the format and content layout of a goods and services transaction record included in the settlement message.

FIG. 34 is a table showing the format and content layout of a goods and services batch trailer record included in the settlement message.

FIG. 35 is a table showing the format and content layout of a card reload batch header record included in the settlement message.

FIG. 36 is a table showing the format and content layout of a card reload transaction record included in the settlement message.

FIG. 37 is a table showing the format and content layout of a card reload batch trailer record included in the settlement message.

FIGS. 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 47, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 56, 57, 58, 60, 61, 63, 64, 66, 67 and 69 are a schematic representation of transaction flow and associated screen displays associated with administrative functions carried out by the terminal device of the electronic purse card value system of the present invention.

FIG. 40 is a table of the administrative functions that are carried out with the terminal device.

FIGS. 44, 46, 48, 52, 55, 59, 62 and 65 are sample reports printed by the terminal device in connection with administrative functions carried out through the terminal device.

FIG. 68 is a table schematically showing configuration data which may be stored on a smart card for configuring the terminal device.

Referring now to the drawings and particularly to FIG. 1, there is shown therein an electronic purse card value system of a preferred embodiment of the present invention generally indicated 10. The system includes a plurality of terminal devices one of which is represented by terminal device 12. In the preferred form of the invention, terminal device 12 is an iq EPIC.TM. device produced by Diebold, Incorporated, the assignee of the present invention.

Terminal device 12 includes a customer interface schematically indicated 14. Customer interface 14 includes a screen 16 which in the preferred form of the invention is a LCD type display. Adjacent to screen 16 are eight manually actuatable function buttons 18, which are indicated F1 through F8, respectively. The function buttons are positioned adjacent to the screen to enable a user to respond to prompts and to make selections in response to data presented on the screen. Customer interface 14 also includes a keypad 20.

Terminal device 12 also includes a card reader schematically indicated 22. In the preferred form of the invention card reader 22 is a card reader capable of reading both smart cards and magnetic stripe cards, and is a type produced by Mag Tek Incorporated. Card reader 22 accepts credit and debit cards which include magnetic stripe cards, smart cards and cards which have both magnetic stripes and integrated circuits, the cards are passed to the reader through an opening on the front fascia of the terminal device. One such card is shown in FIG. 1 extending through the opening and is schematically indicated 24.

Terminal device 12 further includes a processor schematically indicated 26. Processor 26 is in operative connection with a configurable memory schematically indicated 28. Memory 28 is operative to hold the configuration data related to the operation of the terminal device listed in FIGS. 3 and 4. Memory 28 also holds programs and data necessary for operation of the terminal device. Memory 28 is further operative to retain transaction data which is used for purposes of settlement as later explained.

Terminal device 12 further includes a receipt printer schematically indicated 30. Receipt printer 30 is operative to deliver transaction receipts to consumers who use the terminal device. Printer 30 is also used to print reports which are provided to an operator of the terminal in accordance with the administrative functions which are later explained. Receipt printer 30 is operative to deliver its receipts and reports through a receipt opening 32 in the fascia of the terminal. In the preferred form of the invention receipt printer 30 is a thermal printer provided by Axiohm Corporation which provides 24 columns of printing. Of course, in other embodiments of the invention, other printers may be used.

Terminal device 12 further includes a journal printer schematically indicated 34. Journal printer 34 is of a conventional type and provides a hard copy paper record stored within the terminal of transactions that are carried out at the terminal device. The components of the customer interface 14, the card reader 22, receipt printer 30 and journal printer 34 are all in operative connection with the processor 26 of the terminal device.

Terminal device 22 includes a modem schematically indicated 36. Modem 36 is in operative connection with the processor 26 and terminal software drivers that operate therein. Modem 36 is preferably a dial up type modem that is in connection with a phone line schematically indicated 38. Phone line 38 is connected to a public telephone system schematically indicated 40.

Phone system 40 is connected to host computers schematically indicated 42, 44 and 46. It should be understood that while only three host computers are shown, any number of host computers may be connected in the system. Each of the host computers is accessible at a different address within the system and is accessed at a different telephone number. As shown in more detail with reference to host computer 46, each host computer is in operative connection with a modem 48 which enables exchange of messages with the terminal device 12. In addition, host computer 46 is in operative connection with a data store 50 which is operative to hold program and transaction information. It should be understood that data store 50 in the preferred embodiment comprises database software, for example, relational database software provided by Oracle Corporation. Such database software may reside on the computer 46 or on another computer operatively connected thereto. Each host computer is also preferably in operative connection with an input device 52 as schematically represented by a keyboard, and an output device 54 as schematically represented by a monitor. Of course, in other embodiments other types of input and output devices may be used.

It should be understood that each host computer 42, 44 and 46 may comprise a single computer or a plurality of connected computers which are operatively connected in a network. It should also be understood that while in the preferred embodiment the host computers are connected to the terminal devices through a public phone system, in other embodiments other types of communications systems may be used. These may include for example dedicated data lines, radio systems and combinations thereof.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention the cards used in connection with terminal device 12 include credit or debit cards which have magnetic stripe data. This magnetic stripe data is encoded conventionally and includes the customer's name as well as the customer's primary account number (PAN). The primary account number in the case of bank cards includes a bank identification number (BIN) as part of the customer's account number.

The processor 26 in terminal device 12 also operates to verify a customer's personal identification number (PIN) when a customer inputs a debit type card into the terminal device. The verification of the customer's PIN is accomplished through an algorithm based on the customer's primary account number and other data read from the card. The algorithm and approach used to verify the customer's PIN is done in accordance with the programming of the terminal device and is based on data stored in a financial institution table (FIT). The terminal device accomplishes PIN/card verification based on the bank identification data (BIN) included in the customer's PAN and the programmed approach for accomplishing PIN/card verification for that BIN stored in connection with the FIT table.

Terminal device 12 is also operative to accept cards which include integrated circuits thereon. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the cards have a EEPROM carried on the card. The EEPROM used in connection with the preferred embodiment is a Siemens SLE4404 which provides a 416 bit memory with an internal PIN check function.

In the preferred embodiment the user memory on the PROM, which is a 206 bit area, is used to represent amounts each bit having a fixed value. Generally, these bits are used to represent larger value amounts, such as dollars, and to accommodate cents data bits in another designated area in the memory are used. A 16 bit scratch pad memory on the PROM may advantageously be used for this purpose.

In the preferred embodiment a redundancy check is also provided in which a further value is stored on the card which is a function of the value stored in each of the memory areas. If the value stored for redundancy check does not correspond with the values stored in the memories the next time the card is attempted to be used, it is apparent that an error or fraudulent activity has occurred. The terminal device 12 is programmed so it will not process further transactions with the card. Of course, in other embodiments other approaches and smart card schemes for storing value and other information may be used.

In the preferred embodiment of the system a customer is enabled to load and unload data representative of value to the integrated circuit chip on the smart card. In a preferred embodiment of the system, the smart cards used in connection with terminal device 12 include not only an integrated circuit chip on the card, but also a magnetic stripe. The magnetic stripe has the data which is indicative of the customer's credit card account. One form of such cards is the VISA.TM. Cash Card (VCC) which is available from VISA International.

A customer wishing to load data representative of cash value to the integrated circuit chip on their card, is enabled to do so by charging the cash value to the credit card account associated with the card. Alternatively, the customer is enabled to load value to their smart card from a separate account. This is accomplished by the customer using the separate debit or credit card associated with that account.

Similarly, a system may be used by the customer to unload value stored on the integrated circuit chip of their smart card. This value may be unloaded and credited to the customer's account corresponding to the data on the magnetic stripe of the customer's smart card. Alternatively, the value may be unloaded from the smart card into a different account associated with another credit or debit card. The system 10 is also operative to enable a customer to perform balance inquiries. These balance inquiries enable a customer to check the amount of value held on their smart card. This system may also be used to determine the money available in "funds accounts" from which value may be transferred to the smart card. In the case of a VISA.TM. Cash Card, one of these funds accounts includes the credit card account associated with the smart card and which account corresponds the data for which is encoded on the magnetic stripe.

The memory 28 of terminal device 12 is programmed with computer software which is executed by processor 26. The transaction flow which is enabled to be carried out by the software is schematically represented in the steps shown in FIGS. 5 through 15. The displays which the processor 26 causes to be displayed on screen 16 in response to these program steps are also shown. As previously discussed, the memory 28 of the terminal device 12 also includes data representative of the configuration data shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. This data enables the terminal device to carry out the transaction flow processes.

The typical transactions conducted using the system 10 are now discussed. These transactions typically include: loading value on to a customer's smart card from a funds account of the customer; unloading value from a smart card to the customer's funds account; making a balance inquiry concerning a funds account; and conducting an inquiry concerning the amount of value remaining on the integrated circuit chip of the smart card.

As shown beginning with reference to FIG. 5, a typical transaction flow using the system will begin with a customer approaching the terminal device 12. The terminal device will present the display shown at step 0.0a in FIG. 5. At power up the terminal will check for certain conditions at steps 0.0b through 0.9. If everything is functioning normally in the system, terminal device 12 is operated under the control of processor 26 to present the display shown at step 0.10 in FIG. 7 on screen 16 when a customer approaches.

A customer initiating a load transaction begins by inserting their card into the card reader 22 at step 0.11. At step 1.0 the terminal checks to determine if the card has a valid integrated circuit chip as well as a valid magnetic stripe. As indicated at step 1.0, if the card has a valid integrated circuit chip with valid data, or a magnetic stripe with valid account data, the processor 26 operates the terminal device to display the screen shown at step 1.1. For purposes of this example it will be assumed that the card presented by the customer has both a valid chip and a valid account number on the magnetic stripe.

At step 1.1 a prompt message is presented on the screen 16 prompting the customer to input their PIN through keypad 20. Once the customer inputs their proper PIN and pushes the "enter" key on the keypad, the processor executes step 1.5 in FIG. 8 and checks the status of receipt printer 30. If the processor 26 senses that the printer 30 is working satisfactorily, the processor next executes step 1.7 to check and determine if a valid chip was sensed on the card. In this example such a chip is present and the processor will move to step 2.0 shown in FIG. 9.

At step 2.0 the processor is operative responsive to the configuration data stored in its memory 28 to present the display shown on screen 16. This display prompts a customer to select the type of transaction desired. In the case of a load transaction in which value is to be loaded on to the integrated circuit chip of the smart card, the customer presses the function button 18 indicated as button F7 in FIG. 2. In response to the customer making this selection the processor proceeds to step 4.0a shown in FIG. 12.

At step 4.0a a user is prompted by a display on screen 16 to indicate where cash value is to be loaded from. The options include the customer's checking account, savings account or credit card. In response to the customer selecting an account, the processor will next move to step 4.1 in this example because the card includes a valid integrated circuit chip of the VISA.TM. cash type. At step 4.1 a display is presented on screen 16 which questions the customer concerning whether the value that is to be loaded is to be loaded to the card that is presently in the terminal device or to a different card. This is because the customer has the option of loading cash to the integrated circuit chip directly from the account corresponding to the data on the magnetic stripe of the VISA.TM. Cash Card. Alternatively, the customer may load value from the account corresponding to the data on the magnetic stripe of the smart card to a different magnetic stripe card.

For purposes of this example and to demonstrate the versatility of this system, it will be assumed that in response to the prompt presented at step 4.1 in FIG. 12, the customer chooses to load value to a different smart card. The customer presses the button 18 corresponding to F7. In response to this selection the processor moves to execute step 4.2 at which the display on screen 16 prompts the customer to take the first card which is delivered out of the card reader 22 and insert the new smart card to which value is to be loaded. At step 4.2, in response to the insertion of a new card, the device checks for a valid chip. Assuming that value can be loaded to the card, the processor then moves on to execute step 4.5.

At step 4.5 the processor is operative to display on screen 16 the prompt message shown. This prompt indicates the current value on the smart card to which additional value is to be loaded. It also indicates the maximum amount that the customer is permitted to load to the card. The screen presents the customer with the option of loading the maximum amount or entering a numerical amount. For purposes of this example it will be assumed that the customer enters a numerical amount using the keypad, in which case the processor moves to step 4.6. If the amount is valid, the processor then moves to step 7.0 shown in FIG. 13.

At step 7.0 the processor is operative to cause the modem 36 to dial the phone number for the host computer associated with the customer's account which is to be charged or debited for the value loaded on to the smart card. The information on the number to dial is derived based on the identifying data concerning the customer's bank or credit card issuer in the magnetic stripe data of the card to be charged. The terminal device 12 resolves the phone number based on the data stored in its memory and contacts the appropriate transaction host that can authorize the transaction, or which has a network connection to another host that can authorize the transaction. For purposes of this example it will be assumed that host 46 is the transaction host.

It should be noted that at step 7.0 terminal device 12 is configured to compensate for failed attempts to reach the appropriate transaction host. As indicated at step 7.0 in FIG. 13, three attempts are made by the terminal to successfully contact the transaction host before an error is indicated. Of course in other embodiments other approaches may be used.

In response to successfully connecting to the transaction host, the terminal 12 transmits a request message to the host. This request message has the format and content layout shown in the table in FIGS. 21 and 22. It should be noted that this request message includes various items of information including customer account data, input PIN data, as well as the type of transaction requested. In addition, the smart card signature data shown in FIG. 22 related to the integrated circuit on the card is also transmitted. It should be understood that the transaction message is preferably sent in encrypted form through the telephone network to the transaction host. Encryption is done in accordance with keys which are stored in the memory 28 of terminal 12 and which may be changed on a periodic basis. The proper method of encryption for a transaction message destined for a particular authorization host is determined by the terminal 12 based on the FIT table data stored in its memory.

In response to receiving a proper request message the transaction host, in this case host 46, sends a response message to the terminal device 12. The response message is operative to indicate to the terminal 12 whether or not the transaction is permitted. The format and content layout of the response message is shown in FIG. 23. The response message includes a next "state" or step which indicates to the processor in terminal device 12 whether or not to go forward with the transaction.

Upon receiving the response message from the transaction host, the processor 26 in the terminal device 12 executes step 7.1 to check the state in the response message. Assuming that the state indicates that the transaction is to go forward, the processor next goes to step 8.0 shown in FIG. 14. At step 8.0 the processor checks to determine the nature of the transaction. For purposes of this transaction example a load transaction to a smart card is being conducted. As a result, the processor 26 sends signals to the card reader 22 which are operative to change the data stored on the integrated circuit chip of the smart card to increase the cash value data therein.

At step 8.0 the terminal device 12 is operative to send a transaction completion message to the authorization host. This indicates to the transaction host that the transaction contemplated was successfully completed and that the value was transferred to the customer's card. The completion message has the format and content layout shown in FIG. 24.

After the value on the card has been updated, the processor next moves to step 8.2. In this step the transaction data is stored in the memory 28. After the data is stored in the memory the processor moves to step 9.0.

At step 9.0 the processor operates the receipt printer to print a receipt for the customer. At the same time a comparable record is printed on paper by the journal printer 34. In the preferred embodiment the journal printer is operative to make a record of the transaction even if a paper receipt is not provided to the customer. It should be noted at step 9.0 that the terminal may be configured so as to prompt the customer as to whether they wish to have a receipt or not. Assuming for purposes of this transaction that the customer is always provided with a receipt, the processor then proceeds to step 9.2 in which the receipt is printed. The journal printer also operates to print the same information simultaneously. In alternative embodiments the journal printer may not be included in the terminal device. In such embodiments all records are stored electronically in memory.

An example of the format for a receipt provided to the customer in response to a load transaction is schematically shown in FIG. 16. The terminal is configured to print the information appropriate for the transaction which has been carried out. For example, if the smart card was loaded from a debit card account, that is indicated by printing the line "cash withdrawal to card". The alternative line that would be printed when the smart card is loaded using a credit card is not printed in this example. Similarly, if the smart card was loaded from finds in a checking account, that line would be printed and the alternative line indicating that the smart card was loaded from a savings account would not be printed.

After printing the receipt the processor next executes step 9.3. In this example the card in the terminal 12 which has been loaded with additional value on its integrated circuit chip, is also a magnetic stripe card. The stripe contains information concerning an account which may be charged. The processor moves to step 9.4 in which the customer is prompted as to whether they want another transaction. Assuming that the customer does not wish to conduct another transaction, a button 18 corresponding to F8 is pressed. The processor next executes step 9.8 to eject the card from the card reader and the processor displays the "thank you" message shown at step 10.0. This completes the load transaction.

The flow of messages between the terminal device 12 and the transaction host is schematically shown in FIG. 20. The arrows therein represent the messages that are passed back and forth. It should be noted that while the primary messages exchanged between the terminal device and the transaction host include the request, acknowledgment and completion messages, the transaction host is also operative to exchange polling messages and acknowledgment messages with the terminal. In the preferred embodiment these polling and acknowledgment messages are carried out in accordance with the Burroughs Poll Select protocol and the format and content layout of polling messages are schematically represented in FIG. 25.

An unload transaction where value is transferred from the integrated circuit chip on the card to an account is now described. The transaction proceeds through the steps shown in FIGS. 5 through 8 in the manner previously discussed in the description of the load transaction. Upon the processor reaching step 2.0 in FIG. 9, a customer presses the F8 function button to unload the card. In response to pressing the button corresponding to an unload transaction, the processor proceeds to step 3.0 in FIG. 10.

At step 3.0 a determination is made whether the card is one which the system is able to process. This is done based on whether the card data for the particular institution corresponds to an institution in the financial institution table (FIT) in memory 28 of the terminal device. This determines whether the terminal can process the transaction.

Assuming that the card is from an institution which corresponds to an entry in the FIT and can be processed, the processor next moves to step 3.4. At step 3.4 the display prompts the customer to indicate the account into which they wish to unload the funds from the card. The options include a customer's checking account, savings account or credit card. In response to the user inputting a selection, the processor 26 is operative to determine if the card in the machine is a VCC card which indicates that the card is associated with an institution for which transactions can be processed in the system. This is based on the bank identification number stored on the card and the BIN table stored in memory 28. For purposes of this example it will be assumed that there is a valid integrated circuit chip on the card that can be processed in the system. The processor then determines if the cash value represented on the card is greater than the minimum value. Assuming that there is sufficient value above the minimum established in the terminal as capable of being unloaded, the processor next moves to execute step 3.5.

At step 3.5 the processor operates the terminal device to display on the screen 16 a prompt which asks the customer whether they wish to unload value from the card that is in the terminal device, or from a different smart card. For purposes of this example it will be assumed that the customer wishes to unload value from the card in the terminal device, which the customer indicates by pressing the F8 button. In response the processor proceeds to step 3.9. At step 3.9 the processor is operative to display a prompt which questions the customer concerning the amount to be unloaded from the card. The customer has the option of unloading all of the value or a numeric amount. For purposes of this example it will be assumed that the customer enters a numeric amount through the keypad, in which case the processor proceeds to step 3.10.

At step 3.10 the processor operates the terminal to display a prompt which includes the amount entered by the customer through the keypad as the amount to be unloaded from the card. Assuming that the amount entered by the customer is an amount permitted by the system, the processor next proceeds to step 7.0.

At step 7.0 the processor is operative to control the modem to dial the appropriate transaction host. Upon connecting to the appropriate host through the telephone system 40 the terminal device sends a request message. The request message has the content and format layout described in FIGS. 21 and 22. Assuming that the request message is proper the transaction host returns a response message to the terminal device. The response message is received at step 7.1.

The response message sent by the transaction host has the format and content layout shown in FIG. 23. The response message also includes a "next state" indicator which indicates to the processor 26 of the terminal device the next action to take. Assuming that the response message is consistent with an authorized transaction, the processor next moves to step 8.0.

At step 8.0 the processor is operative to update the card. In the case of an unload transaction, the data on the card is changed to reduce the value on the integrated circuit chip. The amount that the data representative of value is reduced corresponds to the amount transferred to the selected account of the customer. If the terminal device successfully updates the card, the terminal device operates to send a completion message to the transaction host having the format and content layout shown in FIG. 24. The processor proceeds to step 8.2.

At step 8.2 the processor 26 is operative to save the transaction information in the memory 28. Transaction data is stored along with totals and statistics calculated by the processor. In the preferred embodiment each transaction is associated with a sequential number. The processor is also operative to increment the transaction number so that the next transaction will be associated with the next number in the sequence. After updating the data stored in the memory 28, the processor proceeds to step 9.0.

At step 9.0 the processor is operative to check the configuration data stored in memory to determine if a receipt is to be printed. For purposes of this example it will be assumed that a receipt is to be printed and the processor proceeds to step 9.2. At step 9.2 the processor controls the receipt printer 30 to print a receipt. At the same time the receipt is printed the journal printer 34 prints similar information which is stored in hard copy form in the terminal.

The types of information printed on a receipt for an unload transaction is shown in FIG. 17. FIG. 17 shows the various lines of information that may be printed on an unload receipt. Of course, only those lines corresponding to the particular transaction that has been accomplished are printed.

After printing the receipt for the unload transaction, the processor next moves to step 9.3 in which a determination is made as to whether the card in the terminal device is a funds card. In this example it is, in which case the processor proceeds to step 9.4. In step 9.4 the customer is prompted to indicate to the terminal device whether he or she wishes to conduct another transaction. For purposes of this example it is assumed that the customer selects not to conduct another transaction which is done by pressing the F8 function button. In response to the F8 function button being pressed the processor proceeds to step 9.8 in which case the customer's card is delivered out of the terminal device from the card reader 22. The processor then operates the terminal to display the "thank you" screen shown at step 10.0.

It should be noted that the flow of messages from the terminal device to the transaction host during the unload transaction is similar to that in the load transaction is schematically represented in FIG. 20. A similar transaction flow is employed when a customer uses the terminal device to inquire as to the balance in their checking, savings or credit card account which account can be used to load or unload funds. A funds account balance inquiry transaction is now explained with reference to the transaction flow in FIGS. 5 through 15.

The steps associated with a customer's balance inquiry for a funds account will be the same initially as those that previously described up through step 2.0 in FIG. 9. At this step, when the customer wishes to check the balance in a funds account, the customer presses function button F5. In response to this selection the processor moves to step 5.0. At step 5.0 the processor operates the terminal device to present a prompt on the screen which asks the customer to select the account to which the balance inquiry is directed. In response to the customer selecting an account, the processor moves to step 7.0. At step 7.0 the terminal device operates to have the modem 36 dial the appropriate transaction host for the account of the customer. Upon communicating with the transaction host the terminal device sends the request message having the format and content layout shown in FIGS. 21 and 22.

In response to receiving the request message the transaction host returns a response message having the format and content layout shown in FIG. 23. The processor 26 is operative to check the state information in the response message, and assuming that the response message includes a state value that indicates that the inquiry transaction should go forward, the processor next moves to step 8.0 in FIG. 14.

At step 8.0 the processor is operative to check if the transaction request was for an account balance inquiry. If so, the processor moves to step 9.0 and at step 9.0 the processor determines if the terminal is configured to print a receipt for the customer. For purposes of this example it is assumed that the terminal is configured to provide the customer with a receipt automatically and the processor next moves to step 9.2.

At step 9.2 a receipt is printed for the customer showing the balance in the account which was selected. A layout of a form printed by the terminal device and provided to the customer is shown in FIG. 19. Of course, as with the other sample forms only those lines pertaining to the particular transaction are printed. While the transaction receipt is being printed for the customer, the journal printer 34 prints an internal record of the balance inquiry.

After completing the printing, the processor is operative to determine if the customer's card in the card reader is a funds card. If so, the processor moves to step 9.4 in which the terminal device is operative to prompt the customer through the screen 16 as to whether the customer wishes to conduct another transaction. Assuming that the customer does not wish to conduct another transaction the processor next moves to eject the card at step 9.8 and to present the courtesy "thank you" screen at step 10.0.

A further type of exemplary transaction that can be conducted through the system is a card balance inquiry in which a customer requests to know how much value is represented on the integrated circuit chip on their smart card. As will now be appreciated, this type of transaction does not require the terminal device 12 to contact a transaction host because this information can be determined directly from the card.

The process flow through a transaction in which a customer conducts a card balance inquiry proceeds in the manner of the previously described transactions through step 2.0 in FIG. 9. At step 2.0 if the customer wishes to know the card balance, he or she presses the F6 function button. In response to the customer's input the processor is operative to read the value on the card and proceeds to step 2.7.

At step 2.7 the processor determines if the printer 30 is operating. For purposes of this example it is assumed that the printer is working and the processor moves to step 2.8.

At step 2.8 the current balance represented by the data on the smart card is displayed to the customer. The customer is also prompted to indicate whether they wish to print a transaction log or whether they wish to return to step 2.0, the main menu or exit. For purposes of this example it will be assumed that the customer presses the F6 function button to print a transaction log, and the processor moves to step 6.0.

At step 6.0 the processor 26 is operative to read the integrated circuit on the card to determine if there is a log of purchase data recorded therein. In the preferred embodiment of the invention data related to purchase transactions carried out by the customer using the card are stored on the card. This data may include, for example, amounts of purchases and the names of merchants from whom the purchases were made. In alternative embodiments this stored information may also include additional information concerning goods or services that have been purchased. The transaction log preferably also includes information about unsuccessful purchase attempts that the customer may have made using their card, and data concerning this is also recorded. Records of load transactions and unload transactions and the particular accounts from which and to which money was transferred, preferably are also recorded on the card.

At step 6.0 the processor 26 is operative to determine if there is a log of data recorded on the integrated circuit chip of the card. If so, the processor moves to step 9.2. At step 9.2 the printer 30 is operative to print the transaction log from the card for the customer. The journal printer 34 is also operative to make a record of what is printed. Of course, in other embodiments because this transaction does not involve a transaction of funds, the journal printer may be operated by the processor to indicate only that the customer printed a transaction log.

The partial format for a printed receipt form for a card balance inquiry without the transaction log data is shown in FIG. 18. Of course, in an actual form the data taken from the integrated circuit chip will also be printed as part of this transaction log.

After completing the printing at step 9.2, the processor 26 is operative to move to step 9.3 at which a determination is made as to whether the card in the card reader is a funds card. For purposes of this example it is assumed that it is a funds card, and the processor moves to step 9.4. At step 9.4 the customer is again prompted to indicate whether they wish to conduct another transaction. Assuming that the customer indicates that they do not wish to conduct another transaction by pressing function button F8, the processor is operative to eject the card at step 9.8 and to display the courtesy "thank you" screen shown at step 10.0.

While the load, unload, funds account inquiry and card balance inquiry transactions are examples of transactions that may be carried out through the system of the present invention, it should be understood that these transactions are exemplary and that the system may also be configured to carry out other types of transactions using smart cards, magnetic stripe cards or other types of access cards.

As transactions are conducted using the system, information concerning the transactions that have been conducted at a terminal device 12 is stored in memory 28. To properly distribute funds among the operators of the various transaction hosts, the operator of the terminal devices, and customers who use the terminal devices, settlement must eventually be accomplished. In order to achieve settlement the terminal device is configured to forward its settlement data on a periodic basis to a designated host computer referred to as a settlement host. This settlement host and its associated phone number, as well as the date and time for settlement, are among the configurable data for the terminal device. This is represented, for example, in FIGS. 3 and 4 by location numbers 7 through 10 and 13 through 16. Of course, as indicted in the tables shown in these Figures, an alternative host computer is designated for settlement in the event that the first choice is not available.

A common time for settlement is at the end of each business day. The transaction flow between the terminal device and the settlement host is graphically represented in FIG. 26. In accordance with the terminal configuration, when the time arrives to accomplish settlement the processor 26 is operative to cause the modem 36 to dial the settlement host based on the data stored in the memory 28. Upon successfully contacting the host the terminal device is operative to send a settlement message to the host. After having sent the settlement message to the host, the terminal device disconnects.

The settlement message generally has the layout shown in FIG. 27. As indicated therein the settlement message is divided into various types of data records which correspond to particular types of transactions. Each group of data records is preceded by a batch header record for that group, and is followed by a batch trailer record for that particular group. In the preferred embodiment of the invention the data records include card issuance and refund transactions, goods and services transactions and card reload transactions.

The batch header record format for card issuance/refund transactions is shown in FIG. 28. The trailer record format for this group of transactions is shown in FIG. 31. The format and content layout of each transaction associated with card issuance or refund is shown with reference to FIGS. 29 and 30. It should be understood that the data shown in FIGS. 29 and 30 is present for each of the transactions of those types that have been conducted.

For goods and services transactions the header record format is shown in FIG. 32 and the trailer record format is shown in FIG. 34. The format for the records that are included in the settlement message for each transaction are shown in FIG. 33.

Similarly, the format used in the preferred embodiment for the batch header records associated with card reload transactions is shown in FIG. 35 and the trailer record format is shown in FIG. 37. The data record format associated with each of the transactions is shown in FIG. 36.

It should be understood that in the case of the terminal device 12, the records will consist of card issuance and refund transactions and card reload transactions. This is because the customers are not enabled to make purchases of goods or services through the terminal device. However, if the system were modified in a way such that the customer could purchase goods or services at the device, then such records could in alternative embodiments be included. It should also be noted that processor 26 is operative to maintain the transaction types separate and to sequentially number each transaction of each particular type. This facilitates building and sending the settlement message to the settlement host.

After receiving the settlement message data, the terminal device disconnects from the settlement host. The host proceeds to process the data so as to appropriately charge and credit the accounts of the participants in the system.

It should be noted that in the preferred embodiment of the present invention the terminal device is operative to initiate all contacts with the host computer through the phone system 40. As the terminal device does not receive incoming telephone inquiries, this minimizes the risk that persons will try to break into the terminal for nefarious purposes. In addition, the messages sent by the terminal through the phone system are preferably encrypted in accordance with designated known encryption programs and certain encryption keys. The encryption programs are stored in memory and the keys are stored as part of the terminal configuration. The keys are preferably periodically changed. The configuration key data is shown in the table in FIGS. 3 and 4 as associated with items 24 through 26.

A further fundamental advantage of the present invention is that an operator of the terminal device who is the systems administrator is enabled to readily configure the terminal with the values and information necessary for it to carry out proper operation. In the preferred embodiment, this can be done by the systems administrator using a smart card which has a memory which has a memory which includes all the terminal configuration data stored thereon. In addition, the systems operator is enabled to copy configuration data from the terminal device to a card so that the same configuration data may be loaded into other terminals. This may be valuable when the systems operator has several terminal devices that need to be programmed in the same manner. The terminal devices of the system also enable a systems operator to carry out settlement functions and other administrative functions manually as well as to print various types of reports.

The transaction flow for administrative functions that can be carried out at the terminal device 12 of the preferred embodiment are shown with reference to FIGS. 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 47, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 56, 57, 58, 60, 61, 63, 64, 66, 67 and 69. Of course, in alternative embodiments additional functions or a lesser selection of functions may be provided.

The transaction flow through which a system administrator gains access to the administrative functions of the terminal are represented by the steps and screen displays shown in FIGS. 38 and 39. These steps are carried out by the processor 26 in accordance with data stored in the memory 28. As shown in FIGS. 38 and 39, the systems administrator gains access through entry of a password to the terminal. This password may be changed once the administrator has entered the proper password. After the proper password is entered, the processor 26 is operative to display on screen 16 a list of administrative functions which are available. This list of administrative functions is shown in FIG. 40.

The various administrative functions will now be described. If the system administrator determines that the clock device within the terminal which tracks the time and date of transactions needs to be set, this is done in accordance with the portion of the transaction flow shown in FIG. 42. Another function that can be carried out by the administrator is to have a terminal device immediately send a settlement message to the transaction host. This is done by the systems administrator selecting the batch upload function and the processor 26 carrying out the steps shown in FIG. 41. Another function that can be carried out is to have the terminal device print a detail report of the transactions. This portion of the transaction flow is represented in FIG. 43 and a format for a report of the type that is printed is shown in FIG. 44.

Another administrative function which may be selected is to have the terminal device print a report of statistics. The step of printing such a report under the control of processor 26 is represented in FIG. 45 and a sample format for a report printed by the printer 30 of the terminal is shown in FIG. 46.

A further administrative function which may be selected is to have the terminal print totals of transactions that have been conducted. This is represented by the portion of the transaction flow shown in FIG. 47. A sample report which is printed during this operation is shown in FIG. 48. If the systems administrator wishes to clear the records of transactions totals and statistics which are currently being stored in memory 28 of the terminal, the portion of the transaction flow shown in FIG. 49 is carried out.

The administrative functions also enable the administrator to review the configuration data stored in the memory 28 of the terminal and to modify the configuration data. The transaction flow associated with the administrative function which accesses terminal configuration data is shown in FIG. 50. If the system administrator wishes to have the terminal print the configuration data, this administrative function may be selected and the terminal will carry out a printing operation in accordance with the portion of the transaction flow shown in FIG. 51. The sample report format for the configuration data which is printed in the preferred embodiment is shown in FIG. 52.

In accordance with the exemplary customer transactions previously discussed, the processor is operative to cause screen 16 to present various types of displays or prompts to the customer. These prompts instruct the customer to make certain selections. The administrator is enabled to access the prompt configuration data through the portion of the transaction flow shown in FIG. 53. A further administrative function which includes the portion of the transaction flow shown in FIG. 54, enables the administrator to print the prompt configuration. The prompt configuration report format printed by the terminal is represented in FIG. 55.

As also discussed in accordance with the exemplary transaction flows for loading and unloading value, from a smart card, the response messages sent by the transaction host include a state number which is indicative of whether the transaction will go forward. If for some reason the transaction cannot be carried out, the response message from the transaction host will include a state number which does not allow the transaction to go forward. What the terminal device does in response to state numbers in response messages which indicate an "error", is determined by error configuration data stored in the memory 28 of the terminal. The system administrator is enabled to access the error configuration and to change what the terminal device does in response to receiving the state data through the transaction flow portion shown in FIGS. 56 and 57. The system administrator is also enabled to select the administrative function to print the error configuration data which is represented by the portion of the transaction flow shown in FIG. 58. The error configuration report which is printed has a format shown in FIG. 59.

As previously discussed with reference to load and unload transactions, the configuration data within the terminal device 12 also includes information on whether the accounts associated with the customer's smart card, credit card or debit card is one that the system can process. This is determined in accordance with configuration data stored in the terminal. FIG. 60 shows the transaction flow associated with the administrative function in which the administrator stores in the terminal device the bank institution number (BIN) for the institutions whose smart cards can be processed by the terminal. In the case of the preferred embodiment, these values correspond to the VISA.TM. Cash Cards (VCC). The administrative function associated with printing the "on us" configuration data is shown with reference to the portion of the transaction flow shown in FIG. 61. The format of the report printed with this configuration data is shown in FIG. 62.

As was previously explained, the processing of load and unload transactions also involves determining whether the system can process transactions involving accounts at institutions whose identities are indicated in the magnetic stripe data. This data also indicates the manner in which the data must be encoded or encrypted in order to be properly decoded by the transaction host. As previously described in connection with the exemplary transactions, this involves the financial institution table (FIT) data stored in the memory 28. An administrative function available in the preferred embodiment enables the system administrator to access this configuration data. The portion of the transaction flow associated with accessing and changing this data is represented in FIG. 63. The system administrator is also enabled to print a report of the FIT configuration data and this is represented by the portion of the transaction flow shown in FIG. 64. The report printed by the terminal device concerning this data has the format shown in FIG. 65.

A fundamental advantage of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is that configuration data may be stored in a memory on an administrator's smart card. A table showing the configuration data which may be stored on a card is shown in FIG. 68. One of the administrative functions available in the terminal device enables the administrator to read the terminal configuration data that is stored on an administrator's smart card. This is accomplished through the portion of the transaction flow shown in FIG. 66. An administrator is also enabled to update the terminal configuration for the terminal device based on the configuration data read from the card. An administrative function also enables an administrator to print out a report from the printer 30 of the terminal device showing the 40 configuration data printed on the administrator's card. This is represented by the portion of the transaction flow shown in FIG. 67.

To facilitate an administrator's ability to program other terminal devices quickly, an administrator is also enabled in the preferred embodiment of the invention, to write the terminal configuration data stored in a terminal device to the memory on a smart card. This is carried out through a portion of the transaction flow shown in FIG. 69. Once the administrator has copied the terminal configuration data on to a smart card, the administrator may then use the same card to program other terminal devices in a similar manner. This approach may also be used with various types of terminal devices such as ATMs, POS terminals and other terminals which may be programmed in a similar manner.

Of course, the foregoing administrative functions are exemplary and other types of administrative functions may be provided in other embodiments.

As will be appreciated from the foregoing discussion, the preferred embodiment of the system of the present invention provides a versatile system for loading and unloading value from smart cards while transferring value between accounts. The card operates as a "purse" from which money can be taken and into which money may be added. The system also uses a unique series of transaction message formats that are suitable for communicating the data necessary to carry out the transactions accomplished by the system. This includes both customer transactions as well as settlement between the participants in the system.

Thus, the new electronic purse card value system of the preferred embodiment of the present invention achieves the above-stated objectives, eliminates difficulties encountered in the use of prior devices and systems, solves problems and attains the desirable results described herein.

In the foregoing description certain terms have been used for brevity, clarity and understanding, however no unnecessary limitations are to be implied therefrom because such terms are for descriptive purposes and are intended to be broadly construed. Moreover, the descriptions and illustrations herein are by way of examples and the invention is not limited to the details shown and described.

In the following claims any feature described as a means for performing a function shall be construed as encompassing any means capable of performing the recited function and not merely the means described in the foregoing description as performing the recited function, or mere equivalents thereof.

Having described the features, discoveries and principles of the invention, the manner in which it is constructed and operated and the advantages and useful results attained, the new and useful structures, devices, elements, arrangements, parts, combinations, systems, equipment, operations and relationships are set forth in the appended claims.