Seat Back Reclining Mechanism Adaptable to Chairs With Stationary or Movable Seats

The present invention relates broadly to furniture designed to support a user's body in an essentially seated disposition, including traditional chairs (both of the type having a stationary seat portion and the type having a movable seat portion such as chairs conventionally referred to as recliners or incliners), chair sections of sofas, love seats and the like, sofa beds, and any other article of furniture having an essentially horizontal seat portion and an angularly oriented seat back portion, all of which are generically referred to herein as "chairs." More particularly, the present invention relates to a novel mechanism by which the seat back portion of any such chair may be selectively reclined angularly relative to the seat portion independently of and without regard to any movement or non-movement of the seat portion.

Recliner-type chairs are well known and the mechanical arrangements used therein for accomplishing the reclining motion are diverse and varied. Representative examples of varying types of recliner chairs are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,874,724; 3,941,417; 3,958,827; 4,071,275; 4,077,663; 4,099,776; 4,108,491; 4,153,292; 4,195,878; 4,202,580; 4,350,386; 4,350,387; and 4,531,778.

Currently, the more popular types of recliner chairs typically provide three basic positions, a normal non-reclined sitting position with the seat generally horizontal and the seat back substantially upright, a partially reclined position often referred to as a "TV" position wherein the seat and seat back are disposed in a slightly reclined disposition but with the seat back still sufficiently upright to permit comfortable television viewing from the chair, and a fully reclined position wherein the seat back is pivoted toward horizontal into an obtuse relationship with the seat for lounging or sleeping. Most such recliner chairs also include a footrest coordinated with the mechanical arrangement to be extended forwardly of the seat in the TV and fully reclined positions.

Such recliner chairs have met with substantial popularity. However, the recliner mechanisms utilized in such chairs are relatively complicated, which adds significantly to the overall cost of a recliner chair in comparison to comparable chairs without any reclining capability. Essentially, a potential segment of the chair market has been left largely unaddressed in that few if any chairs have been introduced providing a more simplified and less expensive capability for merely reclining the seat back without incorporating the multiple positions and/or movable foot rest of traditional reclining chairs of the type described above. Further, many traditional reclining chairs suffer the disadvantage that the seat back in the fully reclined position will contact an adjacent wall unless the base of the chair is moved outwardly away from the wall. To address this problem, various recliner mechanisms have been designed to cause the seat and seat back to move forwardly relative to the chair base while moving from the TV position to the fully reclined position, thereby to avoid contact between the seat back and the wall.

Fundamentally, the present invention seeks to provide a simplified mechanism which can be adapted to essentially any type of chair to permit the seat back of the chair to be selectively reclined relative to the seat independently of and without regard to any movability of the seat. Hence, the seat back reclining mechanism of the present invention may be adapted to traditional chairs which heretofore have not incorporated any reclining mechanism, without necessitating usage of the relatively complicated and more expensive mechanical arrangement used in traditional recliners to move the seat and foot rest portions. Further, the reclining mechanism of the present invention is equally adaptable to traditional recliner chair mechanisms, including those of the wall-avoiding type, to permit not only movement of the seat back between a TV position and fully reclined position, but also to permit reclining of the seat back relative to the seat even in the normal non-reclined sitting position without the necessity of manipulating the chair into the TV or fully reclined positions. As indicated above, the invention will thus be particularly adaptable to other types of chairs (as broadly defined herein), including chair sections of sofas, love seats and the like, and even the back rest portions of sofa beds and the like. By way of example but without limitation, the invention is illustrated and described hereinafter in one contemplated embodiment of the present recliner mechanism in a representative conventional recliner-type chair, but it will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art and it is to be understood that the present invention may be equally well adapted to be incorporated and embodied into essentially any other type of "chair" as herein defined.

Briefly summarized, the seat back reclining mechanism of the present invention is incorporated into a chair having an essentially horizontal seat portion and an angularly oriented seat back portion and is selectively actuable to move the seat back portion relative to and independently of the seat portion between a sitting position of the seat back portion and a reclined position of the seat back portion. The seat back reclining mechanism of the present invention will have these basic characteristics whether incorporated into a recliner chair or into a non-reclining chair. In a preferred embodiment in a recliner chair having a linkage structure on which the seat portion and the seat back portion are affixed for actuation and control of relative movements thereof between the aforementioned sitting and reclining positions, the seat back reclining mechanism is preferably affixed movably to the linkage structure for permitting reclining of the seat back portion independently of the movement and disposition of the linkage structure.

The preferred form of seat back reclining mechanism in accordance with the present invention provides a mounting element supported either from the chair frame or, in the case of recliner chairs, from the linkage structure, with at least one (preferably two) recliner links pivotably affixed to the mounting element and to a bracket affixed to the seat back portion. A spring or other biasing element preferably extends between one such link and the mounting element to urge the seat back portion into its upright disposition, thereby assisting in return movement from a reclined position into a sitting position.

FIGS. 1-4 are side elevational views of a recliner chair in which is mounted the preferred embodiment of the reclining mechanism of the present invention in conjunction with a representative form of conventional recliner linkage structure, illustrating the linkage structure and the recliner mechanism in four possible positions: (a) a full upright sitting position shown in FIG. 1, (b) a partially reclined "TV" position shown in FIG. 2, (c) a fully extended reclining position shown in FIG. 3, and (d) a modified upright sitting position with the seat disposed as in FIG. 1 but with the seat back reclined relative thereto as shown in FIG. 4, the frame and cushions of the recliner chair being shown schematically for clarity of illustration; and

FIGS. 5-7 are enlarged side elevational views of the recliner mechanism showing in greater detail the disposition thereof in FIGS. 1-3, respectively.

Referring now to the accompanying drawings, a recliner chair is generally indicated at 10, basically including an upholstered chair framework 12 having a stationary floor-standing base 14 with laterally spaced arm rests 16 between which a seat 18, a seat back 20 and a foot rest 22 are movably supported on the base 14 by a linkage structure 24 and by the auxiliary recliner mechanism 25 arranged to articulably actuate and control movement of the seat 18, seat back 20 and foot rest 22 between the aforementioned positions of FIGS. 1-4, as more fully described hereinbelow.

The linkage structure 24 basically comprises two essentially mirror-image linkage assemblies respectively mounted in opposed facing relation to the spaced arm rests 16 of the base 14 with the seat 18, the seat back 20 and the foot rest 22 each being affixed to and extending between the two linkage assemblies, whereby the linkage assemblies execute simultaneous identical movements between the full upright, TV, reclined and upright-reclined positions of FIGS. 1-4 respectively. As the components of the two linkage assemblies are identical at each side of the base 14, only one linkage assembly at one side of the base 14 is illustrated in the accompanying drawings at 24 and described herein.

With more detailed reference to FIGS. 1-4, each linkage assembly of the linkage structure 24 comprises a main mounting plate 26 rigidly bolted in a generally horizontal disposition interiorly to the associated arm rest 16 of the base 14. A front support link 28 is pivoted at its lower end to, and extends upwardly from, the forward end of the mounting plate 26 and, similarly, a rear support link 30 is pivoted at its lower end to, and extends upwardly from, the rearward end of the mounting plate 26 in spaced relation to the front support link 28. The respective upper ends of the front and rear support links 28,30 are pivoted to a seat mounting rail 32 at spacings longitudinally therealong to support the rail 32 for forward and rearward translatory motion relative to the mounting plate 26. A lazy tong-type linkage assembly 34 comprised of a pair of drive links 36,38 pivotably interconnected with support links 40,42,44,46 is mounted at the forward end of the seat mounting rail 32 by pivotal attachment of the drive link 36 directly to the forward end of the seat mounting rail 32 and pivotal attachment of the drive link 38 within a slot 48 in the seat mounting rail. In turn, the drive link 38 is pivoted within the slot 48 to the forward end of an actuating link 50 whose rearward end is pivoted to a downwardly projecting crank arm portion 30 of the rear support link 30. The foot rest 22 is supported at the outward free end of the lazy tong linkage assembly 34 by a support bracket 52 pivoted to the support links 40,46.

As may best be seen with reference to FIGS. 5-7, the seat back recliner mechanism 25 is supported at the rearward end of the seat mounting rail 32. More specifically, the recliner mechanism 25 includes a secondary mounting plate 54 rigidly bolted at 56 to the rearward end of the seat mounting rail 32. A pair of reclining links 58,60 are pivoted at their respective lower ends to the secondary mounting plate 54 at spacings therealong and extend upwardly therefrom, with the respective upper ends of the reclining links 58,60 being pivoted in spaced relation to an L-shaped mounting bracket 62 affixed rigidly to the seat back 20. A pair of stop bumpers 64,66 are affixed to the secondary mounting plate 54 at opposite sides of the rearward reclining link 58 to define forward and rearward limit positions for pivotal movement of the reclining link 58 and a coil extension spring 68 extends from the rearward end of the secondary mounting plate 54 to the upper end of the rearward reclining link 58 to urge the link 58 to pivot into its rearwardmost limit position in abutment with the stop bumper 64. Alternatively, the spring could be connected between the plate 54 and the forward reclining link 60.

The operation of the recliner chair 10 and, particularly, of the linkage structure 24 and the recliner mechanism 25 may thus be understood. In FIG. 1, the recliner chair 10 is illustrated in its fully upright sitting position, with the linkage structure 24 fully retracted within the chair base 14 between the laterally spaced arm rests 16, wherein the seat mounting rail 32 and the seat 18 are disposed in a generally horizontal disposition with the seat back mounting bracket 62 and the seat back 20 extending in a predominantly upstanding disposition relative to the vertical appropriate for comfortable sitting, e.g., with the seat back disposed at an angle of approximately 69 degrees to horizontal. From the sitting position of FIG. 1, movement of the linkage structure 24 into the TV position of FIG. 2 is accomplished by forward pivoting of the front and rear support links 28,30 with respect to the mounting plate 26. During such movement, the seat mounting rail 32 is translated forwardly relative to the base 14, while shifting the forward end of the rail 32 upwardly and the rearward end of the rail 32 downwardly into a more angled disposition relative to horizontal. At the same time, the forward pivoting movement of the rear support link 30 acts through its crank arm portion 30' to drive the actuating link 50 rearwardly and, in turn, causes the lazy tong linkage assembly 34 to extend forwardly from the base 14, bringing the footrest 22 upwardly into a horizontal disposition disposed forwardly of the seat 18. The described movements slightly incline the seat back 20 into a more angular disposition of about 61 degrees to horizontal, although the disposition of the recliner mechanism 25 remains unchanged relative to the seat mounting rail 32 during this movement of the recliner chair 10 from its full upright position of FIG. 1 to its TV position of FIG. 2, whereby the relationship between the seat 18 and the seat back 20 similarly remains unchanged.

From the TV position of FIG. 2, the recliner chair 10 may be moved further into the fully reclined position of FIG. 3 by a user seated in the chair 10 exerting bodily force rearwardly against the seat back 20, thereby causing the upper ends of the reclining links 58,60 to pivot forwardly against the biasing force of the spring 68 and, in turn, causing the mounting bracket 62 to pivot predominantly about the upper end of the reclining link 58, in an essentially clockwise movement as viewed in FIGS. 1-3, until the rearward reclining link 58 moves into abutment with the forwardmost stop bumper 66, all as depicted in FIG. 3. As a result, the seat back 20 is tilted rearwardly by an angular degree determined by the dispositions of the stop bumpers 64,66, approximately 17 degrees in the embodiment depicted in the accompanying drawings, thereby positioning the seat back at an angle of about 44 degrees to horizontal. During such movements, the disposition of the linkage structure 24 remains unchanged relative to the base 14 of the frame 12.

Thus, as will be seen, the recliner mechanism 25 operates entirely independently of the linkage structure 24. Thus, in contrast to conventional recliner chairs, the recliner mechanism 25 of the present invention also uniquely permits the seat back 20 to be similarly reclined from the fully upright sitting position of FIG. 1, without manipulating the linkage structure 24 into the TV position of FIG. 2. Thus, as depicted in FIG. 4, a user seated in the chair 10 in its fully upright sitting position indicated in broken lines can recline the seat back 20 in the same manner described above by exerting a rearwardly directed bodily force against the seat back 20 to pivot the reclining links 58,60 forwardly with respect to the secondary mounting plate 54 against the force of the spring 68, all while the linkage structure 24 remains stationary in its fully retracted condition housed within the base 14 of the frame 12.

As will thus be understood, the unique feature of the present invention in arranging the recliner mechanism 25 to function independently of the linkage structure 24 not only facilitates the incorporation of the recliner mechanism 25 into a traditional recliner chair such as the chair 10, but also uniquely enables the recliner mechanism 25 to be adapted for incorporation into substantially any other form of chair, whether or not the chair incorporates any facility for selective movement of the seat and/or a foot rest such as the linkage structure 24. For example, in a stationary upholstered chair without any such linkage structure 24, the mounting plate 54 could be simply affixed interiorly to the arm rests 16 with the mounting bracket 62 affixed to the seat back of the chair so as to permit selective reclining movement of the seat back 20 relative to the seat which always remains stationary. In view of this independent functionality of the recliner mechanism 25, the possibilities for utilization of the recliner mechanism 25 will be numerous, as will be readily understood by persons skilled in the art. Furthermore, in all such contemplated embodiments, because the recliner linkage 25 provides for a translatory motion by the constituent links 58,60 instead of acting about a fixed pivot point, the linkage 25 also provides the important advantage of avoiding undesirable contact with any nearby wall with minimal spacing from the wall being required.

It will therefore be readily understood by those persons skilled in the art that the present invention is susceptible of a broad utility and application. Many embodiments and adaptations of the present invention other than those herein described, as well as many variations, modifications and equivalent arrangements, will be apparent from or reasonably suggested by the present invention and the foregoing description thereof, without departing from the substance or scope of the present invention. Accordingly, while the present invention has been described herein in detail in relation to its preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that this disclosure is only illustrative and exemplary of the present invention and is made merely for purposes of providing a full and enabling disclosure of the invention. The foregoing disclosure is not intended or to be construed to limit the present invention or otherwise to exclude any such other embodiments, adaptations, variations, modifications and equivalent arrangements.