Threshold Current Control System for Hydraulic Valves

The present invention generally relates to the field of control systems for work vehicles. More particularly, the invention relates to a system and a method for adjusting the threshold current necessary to activate a hydraulic actuator based on the past operation of the actuator.

A number of known control arrangements regulate the position or elevation of implements, such as plows and loader buckets, attached to or drawn by agricultural and construction vehicles, such as tractors or loaders. Such control systems generally sense the position of a three-point hitch or other implement support structure and compare this position to a command value set by an operator using a command device. Based upon this comparison, such control systems generate control signals applied to valves which control the flow of hydraulic fluid to and from an actuator configured to vertically move the hitch, along with the implement mounted on it, to the desired elevation.

The hydraulic valves, which may include a raise valve and a lower valve or a three-position directional control valve, are typically solenoid-operated valves which include electrical coils. The coils operate the valves in response to electrical control signals generated by a control system. The control signals may include pulse-width-modulated (PWM) signals applied to drivers such that the rate of movement of the actuator is proportional to the duty cycle of the control signals. Typically, however, the control signal applied to each valve includes a threshold component designed to overcome inherent deadband in the valve and fluid flow forces within the valve, such as forces created by friction or springs, in order to open the valve and allow fluid to begin to flow through the valve. Thus, the control signal applied to the valve includes both a threshold component to open the valve and a component representing the desired drop or raise rate of the valve.

The threshold value for each valve may be determined during a calibration sequence in which the control signal is continuously increased until movement of the implement is detected. The minimum PWM signal which causes movement of the implement is the threshold value. The threshold value may be determined separately for the raise and lower valves. A calibration sequence to determine the raise and lower threshold values, and a control system such as that described above, is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,472,056, commonly assigned with the present invention and incorporated herein by reference.

Known control systems, however, may experience problems which cause the implement to drop or raise in an undesirable manner, with a rate of movement exceeding a desired rate. The problem may be particularly troublesome when a heavy implement is commanded to drop at a slow drop rate. The problem may also occur at a slow drop rate. The problem may also occur when a light implement is commanded to raise at a slow rate.

The problem occurs because of valve hysteresis and the effect of implement weight on the movement rate. For example, assume a heavy implement is commanded to drop at a slow drop rate. To start implement movement, a control signal including both a threshold component and a desired drop rate component is applied to the lower valve. However, once the valve opens and the implement begins to move, the rate of descent may increase beyond the desired drop rate because the descent rate depends upon the weight of the implement. While the system can attempt to slow the drop rate by minimizing the drop rate component of the control signal, the control signal cannot become smaller than the valve's threshold value. Due to valve hysteresis, reducing the control signal to the threshold value may be insufficient to limit the flow through the valve and slow the rate of descent. Thus, the implement drops in an undesirable manner. The problem cannot be solved by decreasing the control signal to completely shut off the fluid flow through the valve because this would cause the implement to abruptly stop, thereby causing a jolt to the operator and the equipment. Stopping the implement movement may cause an error between the sensed and commanded position which would then cause movement to restart, resulting in a start-stop cycle of implement movement.

Several solutions have been proposed to adjust the threshold value during the implement movement. One such solution involves sensing when the actual implement movement deviates significantly from the intended control signal. The threshold current is reduced until the derivative of the actual implement position changes. In such a manner, the negative error is diminished and a constant rate of slow lowering of the implement may be maintained.

A second solution to valve hysteresis involves using a precision control when a load is lowered manually. This solution senses when a load is about to drop below the intended control position. The threshold current is adjusted downwardly until such motion is no longer detected, thus resulting in a constant rate of lowering the implement.

However, either of the above solutions suffers from the problem that after the lowering operation is completed, subsequent lowering operations may suffer from the same sudden drops due to valve hysteresis. Thus, a need exists for an adaptable threshold current control system which can adjust the threshold current to diminish sudden drops due to valve hysteresis for the operation of lowering or raising an implement.

Accordingly, the present invention provides an system and method for smoothly controlling the position of an implement which adjusts the appropriate threshold from prior lowering operations. The invention also provides a system and a method for controlling implement position which continually corrects for the effects of valve hysteresis. The invention also provides a system and a method which adjusts the initial threshold control signal applied to a valve based on undesirable movement on prior operation.

In accordance with one aspect, the invention relates to a system for controlling the position of an implement coupled to a work vehicle, the implement being moveable by a hydraulic positioning assembly. The assembly has an actuator and a valve assembly configured to control the flow of fluid to and from the actuator in response to control signals. The valve assembly requires control signals substantially equal to a first threshold value before fluid begins to flow. The system has a sensor configured to detect the position of the implement and to generate a signal representative of the position. A control circuit is coupled to the sensor and the valve assembly and is configured to generate the control signals applied to the valve assembly based upon the first threshold value in response to a change in a position command signal. The control circuit is also configued togenerate the control signals based upon a modified threshold value after detecting undesirable implement movement based at least upon the sensed position signal. The system also includes a memory circuit coupled to the control circuit. The memory stores the modified threshold value and the control circuit uses the modified threshold value as the first threshold value for subsequent valve actuation.

The invention is also embodied in a method for controlling the position of an implement coupled to a work vehicle. The implement being moveable by a hydraulic positioning assembly having an actuator and a valve assembly configured to control the flow of fluid to and from the actuator in response to control signals. The valve assembly requires control signals substantially equal to a first threshold value before fluid begins to flow. The control signals applied to the valve assembly are generated based upon the first threshold value in response to a change in a commanded position. Undesirable implement movement is then detected. The threshold value used to generate the control signal until control is achieved is modified upon detecting undesirable implement movement. The first threshold value is then replaced with the modified threshold value for generating subsequent control signals.

The invention will become more fully understood from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts, in which:

FIG. 1A is a diagrammatical representation of a tractor equipped with a control system for positioning an implement in response to a plurality of operating parameters including implement position and load.

FIG. 1B is a diagrammatical representation of the hydraulic system shown generally in FIG. 1A.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating certain of the principle circuits included in the controller for the system shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B.

FIGS. 3A and 3B are flow charts generally representing typical control logic used to control the position of the implement and determine the appropriate threshold current for the valve according to the present invention.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are flow charts generally representing typical control logic used to modify the threshold current applied to a valve in response to undesirable implement movement according to a slow mode method.

FIG. 5 is a graph generally representing the operation of the control system described herein which shows the modification of the threshold value in response to undesirable implement movement during the lowering operation.

FIG. 6 is a graph generally representing the operation of the control system described herein under conditions which do not trigger the logic which modifies the threshold value during the lowering operation.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart generally representing a typical control logic routine used to modify the threshold current applied to a valve in response to undesirable implement movement according to a precision control method.

FIG. 8 is a graph generally representing the operation of the control system described herein which shows the modified threshold value in a subsequent lowering operation preventing undesirable implement movement.

FIGS. 9A & 9B are flow charts generally representing a typical control logic routine used to modify the threshold current applied to a valve is response to undesirable implement movement according to the raise control routine.

Before proceeding to the Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments, several general comments can be made about the applicability and the scope of the invention. First, while reference is made throughout the following discussion to a tractor having a hitch assembly on which an implement is mounted, it should be understood that the present system is applicable to control systems for work vehicles in general. Thus, a system employing the elements recited in the appended claims, though used with other types of vehicles and/or for performing other functions, is equally within the intended scope of the invention.

Turning now to the FIGURES and referring first to FIG. 1A, a vehicle 10, such as an agricultural tractor, is illustrated diagrammatically as including a body 12 carried by front wheels 14 and rear wheels 16. Front wheels 14 are mounted in a conventional manner on an axle 18 and rear wheels 16 are mounted on a rear axle 20 coupled to a differential 22. Vehicle 10 also includes a power plant or engine 24 coupled through a transmission 26 to differential 22 such that engine 24 may selectively drive rear wheels 16 in a number of forward and reverse gears. Vehicle 10 typically includes auxiliary systems coupled to engine 24, such as a power take off shaft 28 for driving implements and other detachable equipment. A tractor generally of this type is further described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,421,416 incorporated herein by reference.

A hydraulic system 30 is coupled to engine 24 to provide a source of pressurized fluid for powering various actuators. As illustrated in FIG. 1B, hydraulic system 30 includes a hydraulic pump 32 piped to a fluid reservoir (not shown) and to a valve assembly 34 for regulating and directing pressurized fluid to various hydraulic components, such as a linear actuator, single acting or double-acting cylinder 36 coupled to a hitch assembly 38. Hitch assembly 38 may be a conventional three-point hitch having lower and upper hitch links 40 and 42 for supporting a working implement 44, such as for example, a plow. Moreover, valve assembly 34 preferably includes solenoid operated proportional valves (not shown) for directing a flow of pressurized fluid to actuator 36 for raising and lowering hitch assembly 38 and implement 44 as commanded by an operator or control system as described below, such as to vary the penetration of implement 44 into ground being worked. Valve assembly 34 can also be used to raise hitch assembly 38, along with implement 44, to a lifted position wherein the implement is not engaged in a working position with the ground. A lifted position may typically be commanded by the operator or control system during travel of tractor 10 across a road or between fields.

As illustrated in FIG. 1A, vehicle 10 is equipped with a control system, designated generally by the reference numeral 46 for controlling the position of hitch assembly 38 and implement 44. While control system 46 may include more or fewer of the elements shown in FIG. 1A, it may typically include brake sensors 48 and 50 coupled to the rear service brakes of vehicle 10, speed sensors 52 and 54 coupled to the front and rear axles 18 and 20, respectively, a true ground speed sensor 56 (e.g., a radar-based speed sensor or non-powered wheel speed sensor in a 2-wheel drive tractor), a hitch position sensor 58 and draft load force sensors 60 and 62. Control system 46 also includes a control circuit 64 and command devices 66, 68, 70, 72, 102, 114 and 118 (described below) which may be provided on a single or multiple control consoles 74 in the tractor cab. Control system 46 also includes one or more devices to display status or parameter information to the operator, such as a lamp 106 and a display 110 (described below).

In operation, brake sensors 48 and 50 detect the application of the tractor service brakes and generate braking signals upon application of the brakes. These braking signals are applied to control circuit 64 via conductors 76 and 78, respectively. Of course, for control systems employing control routines that do not make use of braking signals, sensors 48 and 50 may be omitted. Speed sensors 52 and 54, which may include a variable inductance magnetic pickup sensor, detect the rotational velocity of front wheels 14 and rear wheels 16 respectively, and generate signals representative thereof These speed signals are transmitted to control circuit 64 via conductors 80 and 82. The vehicle 10 may also include a ground speed sensor 56 to measure the true speed of vehicle 10 with respect to the ground. Sensor 56 typically includes a radar device mounted to body 12 of vehicle 10 which emits radar signals toward the ground and receives a portion of the signals rebounding from the ground to determine the ground speed. Sensor 56 then generates a speed signal representative of the tractor speed and transmits this signal to control circuit 64 via conductor 84. Alternatively, ground speed sensor 56 could include a receiver for receiving sequential signals from a satellite positioning system such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), with the ground speed equal to the change between sequential positions divided by the elapsed time. Speed sensor 52 could also be used to measure ground speed because it senses the rate of rotation of a non-driven front wheel 14 of vehicle 10.

The signals produced by sensors 48 through 56 are used as inputs by control circuit 64 to regulate various functions of vehicle 10 in accordance with preset, cyclical control routines. For instance, braking signals from sensors 48 and 50 may be used to control engagement and disengagement of a locking circuit (not shown) for differential 22. Speed signals from sensors 52, 54 and 56 may be used to calculate a driven wheel slip value for use in controlling implement position. Moreover, other, additional sensors may be provided on vehicle 10 for use in additional control routines. For example, such sensors could provide signals indicative of engine speed for use in regulating engine throttling or implement position as desired. Moreover, it should be understood that the various control functions required for operation of vehicle 10, including the implement control functions discussed below, may be executed by a single control circuit 64 or by separate, dedicated control circuits taking as inputs only the parameter signals necessary for their precise function.

Control of the position of implement 44 is generally based upon information relating to the sensed implement position and draft load force. This information is provided via position sensor 58 and draft load sensors 60 and 62. Thus, position sensor 58, which is typically a rotary or linear potentiometer or linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) coupled to a linkage 42 of the tractor assembly 38, detects the position or elevation of implement 44 with respect to body 12 and generates a position signal representative thereof This position signal is conveyed to control circuit 64 via a conductor 86. Draft load sensors 60 and 62, which typically include resistance strain gauges applied to links 40 and 42 of hitch assembly 38, generate draft load signals representative of the force exerted on the links. These draft load signals are transmitted to control circuit 64 via conductors 88 and 90, respectively. Thus, control circuit 64 receives signals representative of both the position of implement 44 and either the draft force generated by interaction of implement 44 with the ground or, when implement 44 is in a lifted position, the load exerted by implement 44 on links 40 and 42. When vehicle 10 is stopped and implement 44 is in a lifted position, the load sensed by sensors 60 and 62 is related to the weight of the implement.

In addition to sensed values of the operating parameters discussed above, control circuit 64 receives command or reference values from command devices 66, 68, 70, 72, 114 and 118, which typically include switches and potentiometers positionable via suitable knobs or handles (not shown). For the purposes of implement position control, command device 66 provides an implement position command signal representative of the desired position of implement 44. Command device 68 provides a draft command value representative of the desired level of draft force on implement 44. Command device 70 is an operator adjustable upper limit selector for setting the maximum allowable raised physical position of hitch assembly 38, hereinafter referred to as the upper limit, beyond which control system 46 may not move assembly 38. Command device 72 is an implement position override switch that includes an UP position, a DOWN position and a spring biased momentary DOWN position accessible from the DOWN position.

Command device 114 is an operator-adjustable drop rate device for setting a desired drop rate of actuator 36. Finally, command device 118 is an optional drop rate override switch that includes a first position in which control circuit 64 uses the drop rate set by command device 114, and a second position in which the drop rate may be overridden.

Although the foregoing command devices are preferred, a given control system may not use every command device described above, and other command devices may provide other inputs for control of various functions of tractor 10. For example, control system 46 may also include an operator-adjustable raise rate command device for setting a desired raise rate of actuator 36 independently of drop rate command device 114. The raise rate set by this command device 114 could also be overridden by an optional override switch. The raise rate and drop rate command devices 114 and 118, may be referred to as rate of movement devices. Control system 46 may also include a travel knob or response rate knob as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,421,416, mentioned above.

Signals from devices 66, 68, 70, 72, 73, 114 and 118 are applied to control circuit 64 via conductors 92, 94, 96, 98, 99, 116 and 120, respectively. Based upon the command or reference values supplied by command devices 66, 68, 70, 72, 73, 114 and 118, and upon the sensed values from sensors 48 through 62, control circuit 64 generates control signals for raising and lowering implement 44 and applies these control signals to valve assembly 34 via conductor 100 to move actuator 36.

In a control system equipped for slip control, control circuit 64 also receives a command from command device 102. Command device 102 is used for turning a slip control function on and off and for setting a slip limit. Command device 102 is preferably a three-position rocker switch selectively movable between OFF, ON and SET positions. The SET position of command device 102 is accessible from the ON position and is a momentary position maintained as long as the operator holds command device 102 in the SET position. A signal indicative of the position of command device 102 is applied to control circuit 64 via conductor 104. The slip control system also includes a slip indicator lamp 106. Lamp 106 is activated by a signal supplied by control circuit 64 via conductor 108 when a slip control override function is engaged to raise hitch assembly 38 to reduce wheel slip to a desired range.

Control system 46 may also include a display 110 controlled by control circuit 64 via conductor 112. Display 110 may be adapted to display various parameters in a manner known in the art and may include a video monitor, LCD screen, LED screen and the like.

Control system 46 also includes a remote switch assembly 122 for commanding elevational movements of hitch assembly 38. Remote switch assembly 122 preferably includes a pair of remote momentary switches 124 and 126 mounted on vehicle 10, such as fender-mounted near the rear of vehicle 10. Remote switches 124 and 126 are momentary UP and DOWN switches coupled to control circuit 64 via conductors 128 and 130, respectively. Switches 124 and 126 could be replaced with an appropriate single switch.

While in the foregoing description of control system 46 the various sensors and command devices are shown coupled directly to circuit 64, other system structures and architectures may be used. For example, control circuit 64 may be one of several peer, master or slave controllers provided on vehicle 10 for different subsystems, such as PTO operation, an operator's console, transmission operation and the like. In such cases, control circuit 64 may be coupled to other controllers via a communications databus and some or all of the sensors and command devices needed to carry out the functions of control circuit 64 may be assigned and interfaced directly with other controllers on the vehicle. The various parameter signals needed by control circuit 64 could be communicated to control circuit 64 via the communications databus and circuit 64 would include communications interface circuitry adapted to recognize and record necessary signals from the databus. Moreover, circuit 64 may be adapted to output control signals via the communications databus to be received by other system controllers such that the control functions are executed by such other system controllers.

Hydraulic system 30 is shown in detail in FIG. 1B. Cylinder 36 is operated in response to the operation of hydraulic valves 150 and 152 which control the flow of fluid to and from cylinder 36. Valve 150 is referred to as the raise valve and valve 152 is referred to as the lower valve. Alternatively, valves 150 and 152 can be embodied into a single valve. Valves 150 and 152 are preferably designed as solenoid-operated valves and each includes an electrical coil 154 and 156, respectively, which operate the respective valve in response to control signals generated by control circuit 64. Thus, coils 154 and 156 may be referred to as raise coil 154 and lower coil 156. However, other forms of electrically-driven mechanisms could be used to position implement 44. Control circuit 64 provides control signals to a pair of valve drivers 158 and 160. Valve drivers 158 and 160 are connected to and control operation of valves 150 and 152, respectively, through a conventional relay 162. Preferably, each valve driver 158 and 160 is a conventional PWM current driver but other forms of drivers are known and could be used to operate valves 150 and 152 in the intended manner.

Certain of the sub-circuits included in control circuit 64 are illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 2. Control circuit 64 includes a signal processing circuit 200 coupled to a number of other circuits including signal conditioning circuits 202 and 206, a memory circuit 208, one or more subsystem circuits 210 including circuits such as a response signal generating circuit or an initialization circuit, and output signal interface circuits 212, 214 and 216. While these various circuits are illustrated in FIG. 2 as separate, interconnected elements, it should be understood that all or some of these circuits may be included in a single integrated circuit and may comprise internal circuitry of an appropriately configured or programmed microprocessor.

Input signals transmitted from sensors and command devices to control circuit 64 via conductors 92, 94, 96, 98, and 116 are applied to signal processing circuit 200 through signal conditioning circuit 202, which typically includes an analog-to-digital converter circuit and appropriate isolation, depending upon the type of sensors and command devices utilized and the nature of the signals produced. More than one analog-to digital converter may be used to increase the conversion bandwidth. Circuit 202 receives the input signals from the sensors and command devices, produces digital signals or values representative of the various input signals and applies these values to signal processing circuit 200. Circuit 206 receives command input signals from other command devices via conductors 98, 104 and 120, which are generally discrete (e.g., on/off) signals for controlling operation of signal processing circuit 200. Circuit 206 typically includes a multiplexer and appropriate isolation, permitting signal processing circuit 200 to select and access signals applied to circuit 206.

Memory circuit 208, which may include several different memory modules, preferably includes both volatile and non-volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM), electronically programmable read only memory (EPROM), electronically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM) and FLASH memory. The volatile memory of circuit 208 is generally used to store various parameter and intermediate values used during the control functions of signal processing circuit 200. Non-volatile memory, such as FLASH memory or EPROM, serves to store the cyclic control routine implemented by signal processing circuit 200, while other non-volatile memory, such as EEPROM serves to store the calibration values and failure signals indicative of failure or nonresponsiveness of system components.

Other subsystem circuits 210, such as a response signal generating circuit or an initialization circuit, may be included in the circuitry of signal processing circuit 200, but are illustrated separately here for explanatory purposes. The response signal generating circuit receives values representative of sensed implement position and sensed implement draft or load and generates a response signal to control the movement of implement 44. The response signal is applied to signal processing circuit 200 to adjust control signals generated by circuit 202. The adjusted control signals, in the form of pulse-width-modulated (PWM) output signals, are applied to output signal interface circuit 212. Circuit 212 includes appropriate valve drivers, such as drivers 158 and 160 (see FIG. 1B), for energizing the solenoids of valve assembly 34, thereby moving actuator 36 in a desired direction and at a desired rate. The rate of movement of actuator 36 is preferably proportional to the duty cycle of the control signals.

The adjusted control signals produced by circuit 200 could have forms other than PWM signals and, where actuators other than hydraulic cylinders and the like are used for moving the implement, these control signals are adapted for the particular actuator used. Circuit 200 also produces a control signal applied to interface circuit 216 which generates an output signal coupled to lamp 106 via conductor 108 to provide on/off control of lamp 106. In addition, circuit 200 produces a control signal applied to interface 214 which drives display 110 via conductor 112.

Generally, automatic control of the position or elevation of implement 44 is carried out as follows. Control circuit 64 monitors the command or reference values for implement position and draft force set by command devices 66 and 68, respectively. These values are filtered and compared to sensed position and draft force values read from sensors 58, 60 and 62 according to a cyclic control routine. A number of such routines, following a variety of control schemes, are known in the art and do not, in themselves, form part of the present invention. While different manufacturers may utilize different control routines, depending upon the type and class of vehicle being controlled and upon the parameters governing implement movement, these routines typically generate control signals for moving the implement up or down depending upon the deviation of the sensed values of at least the draft force and implement position from the reference values for these parameters. Moreover, these routines may select the greater of two or more parameter error values or combine two or more parameter error values to generate the implement control signals. Most known systems of this type ultimately generate control signals in the form of PWM signals, the duty cycle of which is proportional to the error signal forming the basis for control. These PWM signals are then applied, through an appropriate valve driver, to the solenoid coil of a proportional hydraulic valve to raise or lower the implement at a rate proportional to the PWM control signal duty cycle. A control system which executes a control routine such as the above is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,421,416, incorporated herein by reference.

FIG. 3 generally represents the position control logic routine which used to control the position of implement 44 and run by the control circuit 64 on activation of the command device 66 by a user to move the implement 44. At step 300, the control system reads the command device 118 to select between a slow mode (normal) and a precision control mode. The normal slow mode control is executed by control circuit 64 if switch 118 is in the normal position. If the switch 118 is in the precision control position the control circuit 64 overrides the drop (or raise) rate limit set by command device 114. Although command device 118 is described herein as a switch, command device 118 could be an analog input device such as a potentiometer. In this case, control circuit 64 could determine the state of command device 118 by comparing the analog input device such as a potentiometer. Thus, the activation of the precision control mode requires the operator to expressly select the precision control mode when a slower rate of movement is desired.

If the switch 118 is determined to be in a normal position, the control circuit 64 reads input values associated with the position control logic in steps 302-308. These values include reading a position command from command device 66 in step 302, an upper limit value from command device 70 in step 304, a sensed position from position sensor 58 in step 306 and a drop or raise rate value set by the operator using command device 114 in step 308. The position command and upper limit values set travel limits for the position of implement 44.

Alternatively, the control circuit 64 may automatically override the slow mode routine by sensing the position command derivative and the position error. If these values are below certain constants, the control circuit 64 will activate the precision control mode in step 322 below. The specific method and circuit of the automatic override is described in pending application Ser. No. 08/685,822 hereby incorporated by reference.

At step 310, control circuit 64 generates a position command line with a slope based upon the drop or raise rate value set by command device 114. In a preferred embodiment, control circuit 64 digitizes the analog drop or raise rate output from command device 114 and categorizes the value into one of ten drop or raise rate ranges, designated as drop rate categories "1" through "10". For example, drop rate category "1" corresponds to a slow declining slope (e.g., 12 seconds for hitch assembly 38 to drop completely) while drop rate category "10" corresponds to a steep declining slope. Similar logic may be used to generate a position command line with a slope based upon a raise rate value.

At step 312, a position error value is calculated based upon the difference between the sensed position and the position command line. At step 314, control circuit 64 generates a control signal for actuator 36 based upon the position error value and the threshold current value for the respective lower or raise valve being commanded. The control signal is adjusted at step 316 to compensate for changes in battery voltage or temperature from the values present when the control system was calibrated, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,472,056, incorporated herein by reference. At step 318, control circuit 64 determines whether the control signal is lowering or raising the implement 44. If the control signal lowers the implement 44, the control circuit 64 applies the slow mode routine in step 320 to modify the control signal, if necessary, as will be explained below with reference to FIGS. 4A-4B. The slow mode routine remains active throughout the movement of the hitch assembly 38. The routine then proceeds to step 322 to apply the corrected control signal calculated by the slow mode routine to actuator 36 causing hitch assembly 38 and implement 44 to move elevationally at the desired rate.

If the control signal raises the implement 44, the control circuit 64 applies the raise mode routine in step 324 to modify the control signal, if necessary, as will be explained below with reference to FIG. 9. The raise mode routine remains active throughout the movement of the hitch assembly 38. The routine then proceeds to step 326 to apply the corrected control signal calculated by the raise mode routine to actuator 36 causing hitch assembly 38 and implement 44 to move elevationally at the desired rate.

If the command device 118 is set on precision control mode, control circuit 64 applies the precision control mode routine in step 328 to modify the control signal, if necessary, as will be explained below with reference to FIG. 7. The corrected control signal determined by the precision control routine is applied to actuator 36 causing hitch assembly 38 and implement 44 to move elevationally at the desired rate in step 330.

At step 332, control circuit 64 determines whether a modified threshold value has been used by the slow mode routine in step 320, the raise routine in step 324, or the precision control mode routine in step 328. If no modified threshold value has been produced, the control circuit 64 loops to the top of the control routine. If a modified threshold value has been produced, the previous calibrated current threshold value is stored in memory 208 in step 334. Additionally, the temperature variable associated with the original threshold is also stored in step 334. The modified current threshold value from either the precision control routine or the slow mode routine is then modified with a variable to compensate for temperature in step 336. The temperature variable for the modified current threshold value is stored in memory 208 in step 338. Additionally, the modified current threshold value is stored as the new current threshold value in memory 208 in step 340. Since the new current threshold has been adjusted to prevent negative error, the next time the hitch assembly 38 is lowered, the negative error will be greatly reduced or eliminated. The new threshold value is stored in memory 208 as long as power is applied to control circuit 64.

When a different implement other than implement 44 is attached to the hitch assembly 38, the remote switches 124 and 126 are triggered. The control circuit 64 will then read the stored original calibrated threshold current from memory 208 and set that value as the new threshold value. Additionally, if power is cutoff to the lift system 10, the control circuit will use the original calibrated threshold current on resetting the system. Of course, this value may be modified in the manner explained above during the operation of the new implement.

FIGS. 4A and 4B show the slow mode routine which is operated by control circuit 64 at step 320. The slow mode routine modifies the threshold current applied to valve assembly 34 when implement 44 starts to move at an excessive rate due to the threshold current. As explained above, the excessive rate of movement occurs because the threshold current is too high to overcome the effects of the valve hysteresis. The logic shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B may be executed at different points during the cyclic control routine.

At step 400, control circuit 64 detects that implement 44 is moving in an undesirable manner when the position error value (i.e., the difference between the commanded position and the sensed position) is more negative than a certain value. This value may, for example, equal twice the deadband value used to detect a change in position command. A negative position error value corresponds to a sensed position below the position command when implement 44 is being lowered, and a sensed position above the position command when implement 44 is being raised. With a negative error value, the rate of movement of implement 44 cannot be slowed by decreasing the desired drop or raise rate component of the control signal since this component is already at its minimum value. Instead, the rate of movement is slowed by decreasing the threshold component as described below.

At step 402, control circuit 64 determines the position error by calculating the difference between the commanded position and sensed position. At step 404, control circuit 64 determines if the threshold value is too high to overcome the effects of valve hysteresis. In a preferred embodiment, control circuit 64 detects that the threshold current is too high based upon whether the position error increased since the last pass through the cyclic control routine. Alternatively, control circuit 64 could detect that the threshold current is too high based upon the rate of change of the sensed position signal. As shown at steps 406 and 408, if the magnitude of the position error increased (i.e., became more negative), the current position error is saved for use on the next pass through the cyclic control routine, and a flag (SLOW MODE) is set TRUE to indicate that the threshold current should be decreased in order to slow the rate of movement of implement 44. Otherwise, SLOW MODE is set FALSE at step 410.

Referring to FIG. 4B at steps 412 and 414, if SLOW MODE is FALSE, control circuit 64 takes no action affecting the threshold current. After SLOW MODE is set TRUE, control circuit 64 increments a counter or timer (SLOW COUNT) at step 416. Once a certain time period has elapsed (i.e., SLOW COUNT=K2), SLOW COUNT is cleared at step 418 and the threshold current is decremented at step 420. If the lower threshold current is still too high, SLOW MODE will remain TRUE and control circuit 64 will again increment SLOW COUNT at step 416 until the certain time period elapses again, at which point the threshold current will be modified again. In a preferred embodiment, constant K2 equals 1 such that the threshold current is modified on every other pass through the logic (i.e., every 20 msec). However, K2 may be increased to decrease the rate at which the threshold current is modified. This cycle continues until the magnitude of the position error no longer increases (i.e., no longer becomes more negative), indicating that the lower threshold current has decreased the flow of fluid through the commanded valve.

In a preferred embodiment, control circuit 64 reads the original threshold current for the valve being commanded from the memory location in which it is stored during a calibration sequence, and decrements the threshold current in steps of about 0.1% each time step 420 is executed. The decremented threshold current is stored in a memory location as a modified threshold value in step 422. Each time step 420 is executed, the new threshold current is thus stored in the memory location as a modified threshold value in step 422. The modified threshold value stored in memory 208 at the end of the routine in FIGS. 4A and 4B replaces the threshold current in step 340.

The operation of control system 46 is discussed in relation to the graphs shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. FIG. 5 shows the operation of control system 46 in response to a relatively slow change in the commanded position while FIG. 6 shows the response to a relatively quick change.

Referring to FIG. 5, a line 500 represents the position command line generated when a heavy implement is commanded to drop at a slow rate. In this example, implement 44 is commanded to drop at a rate category of "1" corresponding to 12 seconds for full movement over the entire range of positions. The actual position of the hitch is shown by a line 502. The threshold current used to generate the control signal applied to the lower valve coil is represented by a line 504, and the actual current applied to the lower valve coil is represented by a line 506.

At time T.sub.1, position command line 500 starts to slope downward as the operator adjusts command device 66. The slope of position command line 500 is determined by the setting of drop rate device 114. In response, control circuit 64 applies a control current signal to the lower valve (line 506) which includes a threshold component (the lower valve threshold determined during calibration) and a desired drop rate component.

Implement movement begins as a positive error value (the difference between lines 500 and 502) builds up. Between times T.sub.1 and T.sub.2 implement 44 descends at a rate which increases due to the control signal and implement weight until the actual hitch position crosses the command line at time T.sub.2, at which time the error is substantially zero and the lower current (line 506) is substantially equal to the threshold current (line 504). After time T.sub.2 the position error becomes negative and the lower current is substantially equal to the threshold current. However, due to valve hysteresis, the rate of descent remains high and the negative position error value increases. As shown in FIG. 5, the lowering time would have been about 5.5 seconds if the actual current remained at the threshold value.

At time T.sub.3, control circuit 64 detects that the error value is more negative than a predetermined value. Thereafter, the threshold value is decreased (line 504) until a change in the derivative of the sensed position signal (line 502) is detected at time T.sub.4. This condition is detected, for example, when the magnitude of the position error value has not increased from the previous value. Between times T.sub.4 and T.sub.5, control circuit 64 uses the modified threshold value to determine the control signal. At time T.sub.5, the implement has been fully lowered and the actual lowering current drops to zero. Thus, the modification of the threshold current increases the total lowering time from about 5.5 seconds to about 10 seconds.

Referring to FIG. 6, a line 600 represents the position command line generated when implement 44 is commanded to drop under conditions where the threshold value is not modified. In this example, the implement is commanded to drop at a rate category of "4" corresponding to 4.5 seconds for full range movement. The actual hitch position is shown by a line 602. The threshold current used to generate the control signal applied to the lower valve coil is represented by a line 604, and the current applied to the lower valve is represented by a line 606.

The situation represented by the graph of FIG. 6 differs from the situation represented by the graph of FIG. 5 principally because the error value does not become more negative than the predetermined value. Thus, the logic which modifies the threshold value is not invoked (as shown by line 604 being flat), and the position of implement 44 represented by line 602 tracks command line 600 with minimal deviation.

The difference between actual current lines 506 and 606 and threshold current lines 504 and 604 in FIGS. 5 and 6, when the error value is not positive, occurs because the actual current applied to the lower valve is compensated for voltage and temperature as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,472,056, incorporated herein by reference. Analogous graphs to those of FIGS. 5 and 6 would show the operation of control system 46 when implement 44 is being raised.

FIG. 7 shows the precision control routine which is activated in step 328. The precision control mode allows an operator to precisely control the raising or lowering of the implement 44. The precision control routine raises or lowers the implement 44 at a slower rate than that of the rate selection control explained above. The precision control routine adjusts the threshold current to actuate the valve 36 to prevent a large drop below the desired position. In the precision control mode, the operator uses the command device 66 to control the implement 44. The control circuit 64 reads the position command from the command device 66 in step 700. The control circuit 64 then reads the sensed position in step 702. Using the position command, the control circuit 64 then generates the position command line in step 704. The control circuit 64 then calculates the position error between the sensed position and the position command in step 706.

The control circuit 64 then checks whether there has been undesirable movement in step 708 by determining whether the actual position of the implement 44 has droppoed below the drop position command line by more than an error value. In the preferred embodiment, the error value is twice the deadband value used to detect a change in position command.

If no undesirable drop is detected in step 708, the control circuit 64 decreases the current threshold in step 720. The current threshold is decreased by an increment of 0.5% in step 710, but other increments may be used instead. The control circuit 64 then loops back to step 700. If undesirable movement is not detected in step 700, the control circuit 64 simply loops back to step 700. This routine continues to run until the movement of the implement 44 is halted.

FIG. 8 shows the threshold values when the implement is lowered initially (cycle 1) to determine an adjusted threshold value which is used in a subsequent lowering operation as indicated in cycle 2. In FIG. 8, line 800 represents the position command line generated when a heavy implement is commanded to drop at a slow rate. As in FIG. 5, implement 44 is commanded to drop at a rate category of "1" corresponding to 12 seconds for full movement over the entire range of position. The actual position of the implement is shown by line 802 and differs from the position command line 800 due to hysteresis effects. The original threshold current is represented by a line 804.

As explained above, the threshold current is modified due to the negative error generated as the difference between the position command signal 800 and the actual position 802. The detected negative error activates the slow mode routine explained in FIGS. 4A & 4B which results in a modified threshold current value represented by line 806. This modified threshold current level is then stored in memory 208 according to the present invention.

On subsequent lowering operations such as in cycle 2, the modified threshold current level represented by line 806 is used in order to activate the lower valve 152. The position command line of a subsequent lift is shown by a line 810. The actual position of the hitch is shown by a line 812. The current applied on subsequent lifting operations now allows lowering the implement at a slow rate since the threshold current is at a lower level. This results in a better lowering performance.

FIGS. 9A and 9B are flow diagrams of the raise threshold routine activated at step 324 in FIG. 3. The routines shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B are run by the control circuit 64 at set time intervals during the raise operation. The control circuit 64 determines whether the implement 44 is being raised in step 900. If the implement 44 is being lowered, the routine sets the a current modification flag, PWMR.sub.-- modified, to FALSE to indicate that the threshold current has not been modified. If the operator is raising the implement, the control circuit 64 reads the sensed position of the implement 44 from sensor 58 and calculates the position error based on the actual position of the implement 44 and a desired upper limit. The control circuit 64 then determines whether there is undesirable movement by determining whether the actual position of the implement 44 is above the upper limit in step 902.

If the actual position of the implement 44 is below the upper limit, the routine loops back to step 900. If the actual position of the implement 44 is above the upper limit, the control circuit 64 checks whether the current modification flag is TRUE in step 904. If the current modification flag is TRUE, the routine loops back to step 900.

If an undesirable raise has occurred and the current modification flag is FALSE, the control circuit 64 increases an offset value for the current threshold in step 906. The offset value for the current threshold is increased by an increment of 0.5% in step 906 in the preferred embodiment, but other values may be used instead. The control circuit 64 also sets the current modification flag to TRUE in step 906 to insure that the offset value is only modified once per raise. The control circuit 64 then loops back to step 900 and continues to check whether the implement 44 is being raised.

The routine in FIG. 9B is run by the control circuit 64 during selected intervals of the raise operation. The routine in FIG. 9B is used to determine whether the threshold current is modified based on when the position error during the raise operation is larger than the constant, large.sub.-- pos.sub.-- error. The control circuit 64 first determines if the implement 44 is being raised in step 908. If the implement 44 is not being raised, the control circuit sets the value of the maximum position error, pos.sub.-- error.sub.-- max.sub.-- during.sub.-- raise, to zero in step 910. The routine then loops to the end. If the control circuit 64 determines that the implement 44 is being raised in step 908, it then determines whether the position error, pos.sub.-- error, is greater than the value of the maximum position error, pos.sub.-- error.sub.-- max.sub.-- during.sub.-- raise, in step 912. If the position error is greater than the position error, the control circuit changes the value of the maximum position error to the position error in step 914. The control circuit then proceeds to step 916. If the position error is not greater than the maximum position error, the maximum position error value remains the same and the control circuit proceeds to step 916.

The control circuit 64 compares the maximum position error with a largest position error value, large.sub.-- pos.sub.-- error, in step 916. The largest position value represents the largest desired range of motion for the implement 44 and may be any appropriate value for the work vehicle. If the maximum position error value is not greater than the largest position error value, the routine ends. If the maximum position error value is greater than the largest position error value, signifying an overshoot, the control circuit 64 loops to step 918. In step 918, the raise threshold current is modified by subtracting the offset value obtained in step 906 and the routine then ends.

While the embodiments illustrated in the FIGURES and described above are presently preferred, it should be understood that these embodiments are offered by way of example only. The invention is not intended to be limited to any particular embodiment, but is intended to extend to various modifications that nevertheless fall within the scope of the appended claims. For example, the various flow charts only generally represent the steps used by the control system. Different hardware and software implementations that fall within the scope of the appended claims would be apparent to a person of skill in the art.