Resonant Circuit Having a Reactance for Temperature Compensation

The present invention relates to a resonant circuit and, more particularly, to a resonant circuit including a reactance element for temperature compensation.

Generally, a resonant circuit has a quartz element and a capacitor, coil or similar reactance element and outputs a desired resonance frequency. The problem with this configuration is that the quartz element and reactance element must be mounted independently of each other, obstructing high-density mounting. Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No.62-241417, for example, proposes a resonant circuit as an approach to solve the above problem. However, the resonant circuit taught in this document uses leads, and is therefore not feasible for surface mounting. Moreover, this kind of resonant circuit cannot have its resonance frequency adjusted with respect to temperature variation and temperature characteristic after it has been sealed.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a resonant circuit capable of reducing the width over which the serial resonance frequency-to-temperature characteristic of a quartz element varies with temperature.

In one aspect of the present invention, a resonant circuit has a quartz element and a reactance element. The reactance element has a primary temperature coefficient capable of reducing the width over which the serial resonance frequency-to-temperature characteristic of the quartz element varies with temperature.

Preferably, the reactance element is implemented by a capacitor for temperature compensation.

In another aspect of the present invention, a resonant circuit has a substrate, a leadless quartz element provided on the substrate, a chip capacitor provided on the substrate for the temperature compensation of the quartz element, and a seal member for sealing the substrate.

In accordance with the present invention, a resistor and a thermistor may be connected in parallel with the capacitor. The capacitor, resistor and thermistor do not need sealing which the quartz element needs. This allows the temperature characteristic to be freely adjusted after the sealing of the quartz element.

The reactance element connected to the quartz element may be suitably changed in order to reduce the width of temperature variation of the resonant circuit. The resonant circuit can be efficiently mounted to a substrate because it does not use any lead. Further, because the thermistor and capacitor are mounted on the substrate which is not sealed, the resistance of the thermistor and therefore the reactance of the circuit varies with ambient temperature. This allows the serial resonance frequency-to-temperature characteristic of the quartz element to follow the varying ambient temperature. As a result, the width of temperature variation of the resonant circuit is reduced.

The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description taken with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a resonant circuit embodying the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a section along line A-A' of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows an equivalent circuit representative of the resonant circuit of FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a specific oscillation circuit to which the resonant circuit shown in FIG. 3 is applied;

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the temperature variation of the resonant circuit shown in FIG. 4 and determined with a CH type capacitor;

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the temperature variation determined with a UJ type capacitor;

FIG. 7 is a plan view showing an alternative embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a plan view showing another alternative embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a section along line B-B' of FIG. 8; and

FIG. 10 shows an equivalent circuit representative of a resonant circuit shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.

In the drawings, identical reference numerals denote identical structural elements.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a resonant circuit embodying the present invention and having a temperature compensation capability is shown. As shown, the resonant circuit has a quartz element 1 on which an upper electrode 101 and a lower electrode 102 are provided. The quartz element 1 is affixed to a ceramic substrate 304 with the electrodes 101 and 102 adhered by conductive adhesive 7. A capacitor 2 for temperature compensation is soldered or adhered to the substrate 304. A circuit pattern 6 connects the quartz element 1 and capacitor 2. Through holes 303 are formed in the substrate 304 while input/output terminals 301 are formed on the substrate 304. The circuit pattern 6 is connected to the input/output terminals 301 via the through holes 303. Also, the terminals 301 play the role of connection terminals when the resonant circuit is mounted to another substrate. A seam ring 302 is formed of Kovar which is an alloy consisting of 4% of Fe, 29% of Ni and 16% of Co. The seam ring 302 is provided at the edges of the substrate 304 by seal welding. A cover, not shown, is mounted on the seam ring 302 for air-tight sealing.

FIG. 3 shows an equivalent circuit representative of the resonant circuit shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. As shown, the quartz element 1 and capacitor 2 are inserted between the input/output terminals 301 facing each other. The oscillator outputs a resonance frequency determined by the serial resonance frequency of the quartz element 1 and the capacitance of the capacitor 2.

An oscillation circuit including the resonant circuit shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 will be described with reference to FIG. 4. As shown, the oscillation circuit, implemented as a Colpitts oscillator, includes a resonant circuit 3 having the quartz element 1 and capacitor 2. One end of the resonant circuit 3 is connected to one end of a variable capacitor Cv the other end of which is connected to ground. The other end of the resonant circuit 3 is connected to one end of a resistor R3 and one end of a resistor R2. The other end of the resistor R3 is connected to ground while the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to one end of a capacitor C3. The other end of the capacitor C3 is connected to ground. A resistor R1 is connected at one end to the other end of the resistor R2 and one end of the capacitor C3. The other end of the resistor R1 is connected to a 3 V power source terminal. Also connected to the power source terminal are one end of a capacitor C2 and one end of a resistor R4. The other end of the capacitor C2 and that of the resistor R4 are respectively connected to the collector of a transistor Tr1 and ground. A capacitor C6 is connected at one end to the collector of the transistor Tr1. The oscillation frequency of the circuit is output via the other end of the capacitor C6. The transistor Tr1 has its base biased by the resistors R2 and R3 and has its emitter connected to the collector of a transistor Tr2. The base of the transistor Tr2 is biased by the resistor R3 and connected to ground via the capacitors C4 and C5. The emitter of the transistor Tr2 is connected to the capacitors C4 and C5 and connected to ground via the resistor R5.

When a 3 V DC voltage is input via the power source terminal, it turns on the transistors Tr1 and Tr2. As a result, the oscillation frequency of the oscillation circuit appears on an output terminal OUT.

Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, the temperature dependency of the resonant circuit shown in FIG. 4 will be described. FIGS. 5 and 6 respectively show how the oscillation frequency varies in accordance with the ambient temperature when the capacitor 2 is implemented by a CH type capacitor and when it is implemented by a UJ type capacitor. A CH type capacitor and a UJ type capacitor respectively refer to a capacitor having a primary temperature coefficient of approximately zero and a capacitor having a primary temperature coefficient of negative value. Specifically, FIG. 5 shows the result of simulation effected with a CH type capacitor whose primary temperature coefficient is 0 PPM/.degree.C. FIG. 6 shows the result of simulation effected with a UJ type capacitor whose primary temperature coefficient is 750 PPM/.degree.C.

In accordance with the present invention, attention was paid to the fact that when a reactance element, e.g., a capacitor, is connected to a quartz element, the temperature coefficient of the serial resonance frequency-to-temperature characteristic of the quartz element varies, depending on the primary temperature coefficient of the reactance element. A series of extended researches showed that by selecting the reactance element adequately, it is possible to reduce the temperature dependency of the resonance frequency of the resonant circuit consisting of the quartz element and reactance element. It was also found that the primary temperature coefficient of the oscillation frequency of the resonant circuit depends on the impedance of the quartz element and that of a load.

In each of FIGS. 5 and 6, dots are representative of a case wherein the capacitor 2 was not connected the resonant circuit 3 and not replaced with a CH type or a UJ type capacitor. As FIG. 5 indicates, a CH type capacitor reduces the temperature variation of the frequency in a temperature range of from -10.degree. C. to 60.degree. C. Also, as FIG. 6 indicates, a UJ type capacitor reduces the temperature dependency of the frequency over the above temperature range. In FIGS. 5 and 6, the frequency of the serial resonance frequency-temperature characteristic of the quartz element 1 varies over a range of from -4.0 ppm to +2.8 ppm. The range of temperature variation is from -2.0 ppm to +1.3 ppm when use is made of a CH type capacitor or from -1.6 ppm to +1.0 ppm when use is made of a UJ type capacitor. This indicates that the capacitor 2 connected to the quartz element 1 reduces the width of frequency variation of the oscillation circuit. Particularly, the UJ type capacitor provides the largest reduction of the frequency variation width.

FIG. 7 shows an alternative embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the capacitor 2 is connected in parallel with the quartz element 1. The rest of the construction is identical with the previous embodiment and will not be described in order to avoid redundancy.

FIGS. 8 and 9 show another alternative embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the resonant circuit 3 has a ceramic substrate 304 to be subjected to air-tight sealing later, and a another ceramic substrate which will not be subjected to air-tight sealing. These substrates are formed integrally with each other and are positioned at sides indicated by arrows C and D, respectively. In this sense, the substrate 304 and the other substrate will be referred to as a C substrate and a D substrate, respectively.

Input/output terminals 301 are provided on the rear of the C substrate 304. Likewise, input/output terminals 301 are provided on the rear of the D substrate and face the terminals 301 of the C substrate 304. The quartz element 1 and capacitor 2 are electrically connected to the C substrate 304 and D substrate by an electrode pattern 601. A resistor 18 and a thermistor 8 are connected to the D substrate in parallel with the capacitor 2 by patterns 602 and 603. Through holes 303 are formed in the C substrate and D substrate and connect the two substrates to the input/output terminals 301. The terminals 301 play the role of connection terminals when the resonant circuit 3 is mounted to a circuit board, not shown. A seam ring 302 surrounds the C substrate and is formed of Kovar. In the event of air-tight sealing, a cover also formed of Kovar is mounted to the seam ring 302 by seam welding, although not shown specifically. Another ceramic substrate 304A is laminated on the substrate 304 in order to prevent the pattern 601 from contacting the seam ring 302.

FIG. 10 shows an equivalent circuit representative element 1, a thermistor 8 and a resistor 18 are connected between the input/output terminals 301, the quartz element 1 is connected to the parallel combination of the capacitor 2, a thermistor 8 and a resistor 18. The resonant circuit 3 outputs a resonance frequency determined by the equivalent circuit constant of the quartz element 1 and a reactance component constituted by the capacitor 2, resistor 18 and thermistor 8.

In the above configuration, the resistance of the thermistor 8 varies in accordance with the ambient temperature. Because the variation of the resistance of the thermistor 8 is equivalent to the variation of the reactance component consisting of the capacitor 2, resistor 18 and thermistor 8, the temperature characteristic of the reactance component varies. As a result, the temperature coefficient of the serial resonance frequency-to-temperature characteristic of the quartz element 1 varies and can follow the variation of the ambient temperature.

For the reactance element, use may be made of a coil 1 in place of the capacitor 2, if desired. Also, a posistor may be substituted for the thermistor 8.