Dual Purpose Apparatus, Method and System for Accelerated Graphics Port and Peripheral Component Interconnect

The present invention relates to computer systems using a bus bridge(s) to interface a central processor(s), video graphics processor, memory and input-output peripherals together, and more particularly, in utilizing the same logic circuits as a bus bridge for either an accelerated graphics port or an additional peripheral component interconnect bus.

Use of computers, especially personal computers, in business and at home is becoming more and more pervasive because the computer has become an integral tool of most information workers who work in the fields of accounting, law, engineering, insurance, services, sales and the like. Rapid technological improvements in the field of computers have opened up many new applications heretofore unavailable or too expensive for the use of older technology mainframe computers. These personal computers may be used as stand-alone workstations (high end individual personal computers) or linked together in a network by a "network server" which is also a personal computer which may have a few additional features specific to its purpose in the network. The network server may be used to store massive amounts of data, and may facilitate interaction of the individual workstations connected to the network for electronic mail ("E-mail"), document databases, video teleconferencing, whiteboarding, integrated enterprise calendar, virtual engineering design and the like. Multiple network servers may also be interconnected by local area networks ("LAN") and wide area networks ("WAN").

A significant part of the ever increasing popularity of the personal computer, besides its low cost relative to just a few years ago, is its ability to run sophisticated programs and perform many useful and new tasks. Personal computers today may be easily upgraded with new peripheral devices for added flexibility and enhanced performance. A major advance in the performance of personal computers (both workstation and network servers) has been the implementation of sophisticated peripheral devices such as video graphics adapters, local area network interfaces, SCSI bus adapters, full motion video, redundant error checking and correcting disk arrays, and the like. These sophisticated peripheral devices are capable of data transfer rates approaching the native speed of the computer system microprocessor central processing unit ("CPU"). The peripheral devices' data transfer speeds are achieved by connecting the peripheral devices to the microprocessor(s) and associated system random access memory through high speed expansion local buses. Most notably, a high speed expansion local bus standard has emerged that is microprocessor independent and has been embraced by a significant number of peripheral hardware manufacturers and software programmers. This high speed expansion bus standard is called the "Peripheral Component Interconnect" or "PCI" A more complete definition of the PCI local bus may be found in the PCI Local Bus Specification, revision 2.1; PCI/PCI Bridge Specification, revision 1.0; PCI System Design Guide, revision 1.0; and PCI BIOS Specification, revision 2.1, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference. These PCI specifications are available from the PCI Special Interest Group, P.O. Box 14070, Portland, Oreg. 97214.

A computer system has a plurality of information (data and address) buses such as a host bus, a memory bus, at least one high speed expansion local bus such as the PCI bus, and other peripheral buses such as the Small Computer System Interface (SCSI), Extension to Industry Standard Architecture (EISA), and Industry Standard Architecture (ISA). The microprocessor(s) of the computer system communicates with main memory and with the peripherals that make up the computer system over these various buses. The microprocessor(s) communicates to the main memory over a host bus to memory bus bridge. The peripherals, depending on their data transfer speed requirements, are connected to the various buses which are connected to the microprocessor host bus through bus bridges that detect required actions, arbitrate, and translate both data and addresses between the various buses.

Increasingly sophisticated microprocessors have revolutionized the role of the personal computer by enabling complex applications software to run at mainframe computer speeds. The latest microprocessors have brought the level of technical sophistication to personal computers that, just a few years ago, was available only in mainframe and mini-computer systems. Some representative examples of these new microprocessors are the "PENTIUM" and "PENTIUM PRO" (registered trademarks of Intel Corporation). Advanced microprocessors are also manufactured by Advanced Micro Devices, Cyrix, IBM and Motorola.

These sophisticated microprocessors have, in turn, made possible running complex application programs using advanced three dimensional ("3-D") graphics for computer aided drafting and manufacturing, engineering simulations, games and the like. Increasingly complex 3-D graphics require higher speed access to ever larger amounts of graphics data stored in memory. This memory may be part of the video graphics processor system, but, preferably, would be best (lowest cost) if part of the main computer system memory. Intel Corporation has proposed a low cost but improved 3-D graphics standard called the "Accelerated Graphics Port" (AGP) initiative. With AGP 3-D, graphics data, in particular textures, may be shifted out of the graphics controller local memory to computer system memory. The computer system memory is lower in cost than the graphics controller local memory and is more easily adapted for a multitude of other uses besides storing graphics data.

The proposed Intel AGP 3-D graphics standard defines a high speed data pipeline, or "AGP bus," between the graphics controller and system memory. This AGP bus has sufficient bandwidth for the graphics controller to retrieve textures from system memory without materially affecting computer system performance for other non-graphics operations. The Intel 3-D graphics standard is a specification which provides signal, protocol, electrical, and mechanical specifications for the AGP bus and devices attached thereto. This specification is entitled "Accelerated Graphics Port Interface Specification Revision 1.0," dated Jul. 31, 1996, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

The AGP interface specification uses the 66 MHz PCI (Revision 2.1) as an operational baseline, with three performance enhancements to the PCI specification which are used to optimize the AGP specification for high performance 3-D graphics applications. These enhancements are: 1) pipelined memory read and write operations, 2) demultiplexing of address and data on the AGP bus by use of sideband signals, and 3) data transfer rates of 133 MHz for data throughput in excess of 500 megabytes per second ("MB/sec."). The remaining AGP specification does not modify the PCI Specification, but rather provides a range of graphics-oriented performance enhancements for use by the 3-D graphics hardware and software designers. The AGP specification is neither meant to replace nor diminish full use of the PCI standard in the computer system. The AGP specification creates an independent and additional high speed local bus for use by 3-D graphics devices such as a graphics controller, wherein the other input-output ("I/O") devices of the computer system may remain on any combination of the PCI, SCSI, EISA and ISA buses.

To functionally enable this AGP 3-D graphics bus, new computer system hardware and software are required. This requires new computer system core logic designed to function as a host bus/memory bus/PCI bus to AGP bus bridge meeting the AGP specification, and new Read Only Memory Basic Input Output System ("ROM BIOS") and Application Programming Interface ("API") software to make the AGP dependent hardware functional in the computer system. The computer system core logic must still meet the PCI standards referenced above and facilitate interfacing the PCI bus(es) to the remainder of the computer system. This adds additional costs to a personal computer system, but is well worth it if 3-D graphics are utilized. Some personal computer uses such as a network server do not require 3-D graphics, but would greatly benefit from having an additional PCI bus with multiple PCI card slots for accepting additional input-output devices such as a network interface card(s) ("NIC"), PCI/PCI bridge, PCI/SCSI adapter, PCI/EISA/ISA bridge, a wide area network digital router, multiple head graphics, and the like.

AGP and PCI devices serve different purposes and the respective interface cards (e.g., AGP 3-D video controller and PCI NIC) are not physically or electrically interchangeable even though there is some commonality of signal functions between the AGP and PCI interface specifications. While AGP capabilities are very desirable in a personal computer utilizing 3-D graphics, it is wasteful and redundant for those personal computers not requiring 3-D capabilities. The cost/performance (i.e., flexibility of the computer for a given price) of a personal computer is of paramount importance for commercial acceptance in the market place. In today's competitive computer industry, technical performance alone does not guarantee commercial success. Technical performance of any personal computer product must be maximized while constantly reducing its manufacturing costs. To achieve a high performance to cost ratio, commonality of components and high volume of use are key factors. Thus, commonality of components such as logic circuits, printed circuit boards, microprocessors, computer boxes and power supplies, will drive the costs down for both workstations and servers. Also the high end workstations and network servers would benefit if one generic model of a personal computer could be effectively used in either capacity. Further benefits in reducing costs may be realized by using common components in portable and desktop (consumer and low end business) computers.

What is needed is an apparatus, method, and system for a personal computer that provides a core logic chip set configurable for either an AGP bus or an additional PCI bus without requiring different logic and interface circuits for each type of bus.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a core logic chip set configurable for either an AGP bus or an additional PCI bus without requiring different logic and interface circuits for each type of bus.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide, in a personal computer system, a core logic chip set that is configurable as a bridge between an AGP bus and host and memory buses, or as a bridge between an additional PCI bus and the host and memory buses.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a core logic chip set that is selectively configurable to be a bridge between an AGP bus and host and memory buses, or a bridge between an additional PCI bus and the host and memory buses.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method and system for programming a core logic chip set to be a bridge between an AGP bus and host and memory buses, or a bridge between an additional PCI bus and the host and memory buses.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide an apparatus, method and system for detecting whether an AGP compliant device or PCI compliant device is connected to a common bus that may be selectively utilized as either an AGP bus or an additional PCI bus, respectively, in a personal computer system.

It is another object to use one of the arbiters of the multiple use core logic chip set for arbitration of either an AGP device on the AGP bus, or a plurality of PCI devices on the additional PCI bus.

It is yet a further object to provide request and grant lines for each PCI card slot and PCI device on the additional PCI bus.

The above and other objects of the present invention are satisfied, at least in part, by providing in a computer system a multiple use core logic chip set that may be configured either as a bridge between an AGP bus and host and memory buses, or as a bridge between an additional PCI bus and the host and memory buses. A common bus having provisions for all of the PCI and AGP interface signals is connected to the multiple use core logic chip set and is adapted for connection to either an AGP or PCI device(s). The multiple use core logic chip set of the present invention uses one of its arbiters for the single AGP device on the AGP bus or the PCI device(s) on the additional PCI bus, and has Request ("REQ") and Grant ("GNT") signal lines for each PCI device connected to the additional PCI bus.

Selection of which type of bus bridge (AGP or PCI) the core logic of the present invention is to be configured as may be directed by a hardware signal input such as a logic signal(s) input (logic "1" or logic "0") to a logic input(s) of the chip set, or by software during computer system configuration or during the computer system Power On Self Test ("POST"). Software configuration may be determined upon detection of either an AGP or PCI device connected to the common bus.

The AGP or PCI device(s) may be embedded on the computer system motherboard, or may be on a separate card(s) which plugs into a corresponding card edge connector(s) attached to the system motherboard and connected to the common bus. An embodiment of the invention contemplates a multiple use core logic chip set which may be one or more integrated circuit devices such as an Application Specific Integrated Circuit ("ASIC"), Programmable Logic Array ("PLA") and the like.

This multiple use core logic chip set may be used in conjunction with a specific use printed circuit motherboard for a workstation (using AGP), personal computer (using AGP), portable computer (using AGP), or a network server (using additional PCI devices). In this embodiment, the type of motherboard may be adapted to apply hardware signal inputs to the core logic chip set for determining the configuration (AGP or additional PCI) thereof Software selection also may be used in determining the core logic chip set configuration of this specific use printed circuit motherboard and is contemplated herein.

An advantage of the present invention is being able to use the same multiple use core logic chip set across different types of computer products. This feature increases the quantity of these chip sets being manufactured, resulting in a corresponding decrease in the cost per chip set.

The multiple use core logic chip set of the present invention may be used in conjunction with a multiple use or universal printed circuit motherboard having provisions for either or both AGP and/or additional PCI bus card edge connectors. The multiple use core logic chip set is connected to a common AGP/PCI bus on the universal printed circuit motherboard. Either the AGP connector or the PCI connector(s) is attached to the motherboard and is connected to the common AGP/PCI bus. Alternatively, both AGP and PCI connector(s) may populate the universal motherboard and connect to the common AGP/PCI bus. Thus, one motherboard and core logic chip set can satisfy the requirements for a computer system having either an AGP bus and primary PCI bus, or primary and secondary (additional) PCI buses.

If an AGP device card is plugged into the AGP connector, the computer system can configure the core logic chip set to support the AGP interface standard. If a PCI device card is plugged into the PCI connector, the computer system can configure the core logic chip set to support the PCI interface standard. It is contemplated in the present invention that either a AGP compliant card or a PCI complaint card will be plugged into its respective motherboard connector, but not both at the same time.

Interlocking of either an AGP or PCI card may be accomplished by mechanical or electrical means. In addition, the computer system during POST can detect whether both an AGP and PCI card has been mistakenly plugged into the computer system motherboard and can then display an error message to the computer user. Mechanical interlocking may be obtained with a bar having notches therein, wherein the notched bar is manually slidably positioned to allow insertion of either an AGP card or PCI card(s), but not both, into the appropriate connector(s) on the computer system motherboard. This interlocking bar may be electrically actuated with a solenoid operable from an AGP/PCI jumper on the system motherboard. The computer system may remove the power with a switch(es) to either the AGP connector or PCI connector(s) depending on the selection made by the AGP/PCI jumper. This effectively disables the unwanted card so that it does not fatally interfere with the operation of the desired card.

Yet another printed circuit motherboard, according to the present invention, may be adapted for only the AGP connector connected to the common bus and multiple use core logic chip set. An additional PCI bus interface would be implemented with a daughterboard printed circuit riser card comprising a PCI connector(s) and a plug edge matching and mating with the AGP connector. The daughterboard would plug into the AGP connector on the motherboard and a PCI device card(s) (e.g., NIC, SCSI and the like) would plug into the daughterboard PCI connector(s). An extension connector may also be utilized and is contemplated in the present invention. This extension connector is adapted to supply additional signals required by the 64 bit implementation of the PCI specification. The daughterboard may also have an additional plug edge matching and mating with this extension connector.

The multiple use core logic chip set used in conjunction with the universal motherboards or motherboard/daughterboard described above may be configured by software during computer system configuration or at POST. This feature of the invention allows a standard generic computer system that may be utilized for either a workstation or network server by just plugging in the appropriate peripheral card, i.e., AGP compliant video controller or additional PCI compliant NIC, respectively. One or more PCI device cards plugged into PCI connectors on the additional PCI bus are contemplated herein.

When the computer system is first powered on and POST begins, the startup configuration software must scan the PCI bus or buses to determine what PCI devices exist and what configuration requirements they may have. This process is commonly referred to as enumerating, scaning, walking or probing the bus. It may also be referred to as the discovery process. The software program which performs the discovery process may be referred to as the PCI bus enumerator.

According to the PCI specification, all PCI devices must implement a base set of configuration registers. The PCI device may also implement other required or optional configuration registers defined in the PCI specification. The AGP specification also defines configuration registers and information to be contained therein for an AGP compliant device so as to indicate its capabilities and system requirements. The AGP compliant device has PCI compliant register access so that during the bus enumeration process, the AGP device information is read just as any other PCI device. Once the information for all of the bus devices are so determined, the core logic may be configured by the startup software as either a bridge between the host and memory buses and the AGP bus, or as a bridge between the host and memory buses and an additional PCI bus. It is also contemplated that the core logic may be configured as a fully functional PCI-to-PCI bridge between the primary PCI bus and the additional PCI bus.

An advantage of the present invention is that software may determine at POST whether the AGP or additional PCI bus is to be supported by the core logic chip set. This feature makes the computer system easily converted in the field and/or in the factory (build to order) between a workstation or network server by just plugging in the desired AGP or PCI device card(s) and loading the appropriate operating software.

Other and further objects, features and advantages will be apparent from the following description of presently preferred embodiments of the invention, given for the purpose of disclosure and taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

FIGS. 1 and 1A are a schematic block diagram of a computer system;

FIG. 2 is a schematic functional block diagram of the present invention according to the computer system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 2A is a data flow b diagram of FIG. 2;

FIGS. 3A,3B and 3C are tables of the AGP signals and the corresponding AGP connector pin outs;

FIGS. 4A,4B,4C and 4D,4E are tables of the PCI signals and the corresponding PCI connector pin outs;

FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of a computer system motherboard, according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of another computer system motherboard, according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic elevational view of a plug-in daughterboard with PCI connectors thereon, according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic block wiring diagram of a portion of the embodiment of the present invention according to FIG. 5;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a power switch according an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10A is a plan view of a portion of the motherboard illustrated in FIG. 5 illustrating a card interlock according an embodiment of the present invention; and

FIGS. 10B and 10C are schematic elevational views of the card interlock of FIG. 10A.

The present invention is an apparatus, method and system for providing in a computer system a multiple use core logic chip set capable of implementing either a bridge between the host and memory buses and an AGP bus, or a bridge between the host and memory buses and an additional PCI bus. Another embodiment of the multiple use core logic chip set of the present invention implements either a bridge between the host and memory buses and an AGP bus, or a bridge between the primary PCI bus and an additional PCI bus. Either implementation may be configured by hardware input signals to the multiple use core logic chip set or by software programming thereof

The AGP bus was developed to have sufficient data bandwidth for a video controller in a computer system, up to 532 megabytes per second ("MB/s"), to run increasingly complex three dimensional ("3-D") graphics applications such as, for example, games and engineering simulations. Not all computer systems, however, need the capability of running 3-D graphics, but would greatly benefit by having an additional PCI bus for NICs, PCI/PCI bridge, PCI/SCSI bridge, and the like. Computers used as network servers require merely simple two dimensional ("2-D") graphics, thus the AGP bus is an overkill for this type of computer.

The AGP interface specification is a derivation or superset of the PCI interface specification and thus shares many common signal functions. Furthermore, the AGP bridge connects to the processor host bus and system memory bus through the computer system core logic chip set, thus it would be desirable to use the chip set logic and driver circuits of the AGP bridge as an additional PCI bridge. This enhances the versatility of the core logic chip set and reduces the overall cost of computer systems, both workstation and network servers, by having a common multiple use core logic chip set that could be manufactured in large volumes so as to cover all types of computer configurations.

For illustrative purposes, preferred embodiments of the present invention are described hereinafter for computer systems utilizing the Intel x86 microprocessor architecture and certain terms and references will be specific to that processor platform. AGP and PCI are interface standards, however, that are hardware independent and may be utilized with any host computer designed for these interface standards. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art of computer systems that the present invention may be adapted and applied to any computer platform utilizing the AGP and PCI interface standards.

The PCI specifications referenced above are readily available and are hereby incorporated by reference. The AGP specification entitled "Accelerated Graphics Port Interface Specification Revision 1.0," dated Jul. 31, 1996, as referenced above is readily available from Intel Corporation, attached hereto as "Appendix A" and is hereby incorporated by reference. Further definition and enhancement of the AGP specification (Appendix A) referenced above is more fully defined in "Compaq's Supplement to the `Accelerated Graphics Port Interface Specification Version 1.0`," Revision 0.8, dated Apr. 1, 1997, attached hereto as Appendix B and is hereby incorporated by reference.

Referring now to the drawings, the details of preferred embodiments of the present invention are schematically illustrated. Like elements in the drawings will be represented by like numbers, and similar elements will be represented by like numbers with a different lower case letter suffix. Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 1A, a schematic block diagram of a computer system utilizing the present invention is illustrated. A computer system is generally indicated by the numeral 100 and comprises a central processing unit ("CPU") 102, core logic 104, system random access memory ("RAM") 106, a video graphics controller 110, a local frame buffer memory 108, a video display 112, a PCI/SCSI bus adapter 114, a PCI/EISA/ISA bridge 116, and a PCI/IDE controller 118. Single or multilevel cache memory (not illustrated) may also be included in the computer system 100 according to the current art of microprocessor computers. The CPU 102 may be a plurality of CPUs 102 in a symmetric or asymmetric configuration.

The CPU 102 is connected to the core logic 104 through a host bus 103. The system RAM 106 is connected to the core logic 104 through a memory bus 105. The video graphics controller 110 is connected to the core logic 104 through an AGP bus 107. The PCI/SCSI bus adapter 114, PCI/EISA/ISA bridge 116, and PCI/MDE controller 118 are connected to the core logic 104 through a PCI bus 109. Also connected to the PCI bus 109 are a network interface card ("NIC") 122 and a PCI/PCI bridge 124. Some of the PCI devices such as the NIC 122 and PCI/PCI bridge 124 may plug into PCI connectors on the computer system 100 motherboard (not illustrated).

Hard disk 130 and tape drive 132 are connected to the PCI/SCSI bus adapter 114 through a SCSI bus 111. The NIC 122 is connected to a local area network 119. The PCI/EISA/ISA bridge 116 connects over an EISA/ISA bus 113 to a ROM BIOS 140, non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM) 142, modem 120, and input-output controller 126. The modem 120 connects to a telephone line 121. The input-output controller 126 interfaces with a keyboard 146, real time clock (RTC) 144, mouse 148, floppy disk drive ("FDD") 150, and serial/parallel ports 152, 154. The EISA/ISA bus 113 is a slower information bus than the PCI bus 109, but it costs less to interface with the EISA/ISA bus 113.

Referring now to FIG. 2, a schematic functional block diagram of the core logic 104 of FIG. 1, according to the present invention, is illustrated. The core logic 104 functionally comprises CPU host bus interface and queues 202, memory interface and control 204, host/PCI bridge 206, and AGP/PCI logic 218. The AGP/PCI logic 218 comprises PCI data and control 208, AGP/PCI arbiter 216, AGP data and control 210, and AGP request/reply queues 212. The CPU host bus interface and queues 202 connects to the host bus 103 and includes interface logic for all data, address and control signals associated with the CPU 102 of the computer system 100. Multiple CPUs 102 and cache memory (not illustrated) are contemplated and within the scope of the present invention. The CPU host bus interface and queues 202 interfaces with the host/PCI bridge 206 and memory interface and control 204 over a core logic bus 211. The CPU host bus interface and queues 202 interfaces with the PCI data and control 208, and AGP data and control 210 over the core logic bus 211. The memory interface and control 204 interfaces with the PCI data and control 208, AGP data and control 210, and AGP request/reply queues 212 over a core logic bus 209. An advantage of having separate buses 209 and 211 is that concurrent bus operations may be performed thereover. For example, video data stored in system RAM 106 may be transferring to the video graphics controller 110 (AGP device) while the CPU 102 on the host bus 103 is accessing an independent PCI device (i.e., NIC 122) on the PCI bus 109.

The host bus interface and queues 202 allows the CPU 102 to pipeline cycles and schedule snoop accesses. The memory interface and control 204 controls the control and timing signals for the computer system RAM 106 which may be synchronous dynamic RAM and the like. The memory interface and control 204 has an arbiter (not illustrated) which selects among memory accesses for CPU writes, CPU reads, PCI writes, PCI reads, AGP reads, AGP writes, and dynamic memory refresh. Arbitration may be pipelined into a current memory cycle, which insures that the next memory address is available on the memory bus 105 before the current memory cycle is complete. This results in minimum delay, if any, between memory cycles. The memory interface and control 204 also is capable of reading ahead on PCI initiator reads when a PCI initiator issues a read multiple command, as more fully described in the PCI specification.

The host/PCI bridge 206 controls the interface to the PCI bus 109. When the CPU 102 accesses the PCI bus 109, the host/PCI bridge 206 operates as a PCI initiator. When a PCI device is an initiator on the PCI bus 109, the host/PCI bridge 206 operates as a PCI target. The host/PCI bridge 206 contains base address registers for an AGP device target (not illustrated).

The AGP/PCI logic 218 comprises a PCI/PCI bridge 220, PCI data and control 208, AGP/PCI arbiter 216, AGP data and control 210, and AGP request/reply queues 212. The PCI data and control 208, AGP data and control 210, AGP/PCI arbiter 216 and AGP request/reply queues 212 interface to a universal AGP/PCI bus 207 having signal, power and ground connections (not illustrated) for complete implementation of signals defined in the AGP interface standard or PCI standard, including both 66 MHz and 64 bit implementations thereof An AGP/PCI control 214 may be used to select the personality function of the AGP/PCI logic 218 to be an AGP compliant interface or to be a PCI compliant interface, depending on the desired purpose of the computer system 100. The AGP/PCI control 214 may be implemented in hardware jumper straps) or through software (configuration of personality registers in 208, 210 and 212). These personality registers are more fully defined in the AGP specifications attached hereto as Appendices A and B. The universal AGP/PCI bus 207 is adapted to connect to either or both AGP and PCI connectors as more fully described herein below.

The PCI/PCI bridge 220 is connected between the PCI bus 109 and the PCI data and control 208. The PCI/PCI bridge 220 need not be a complete and fully functional PCI to PCI bridge when the AGP/PCI logic 218 is functioning as an AGP compliant interface. In the AGP compliant mode, the purpose of the PCI/PCI bridge 220 is to allow the use of existing enumeration code (unmodified) to recognize and handle AGP or PCI compliant devices residing on the AGP/PCI bus 207. The PCI/PCI bridge 220, for example, may be used in determining whether an AGP device or a PCI device(s) is connected to the AGPIPCI bus 207 by bus enumeration during POST.

When selected as a PCI compliant interface, the AGP/PCI logic 218 functions with the same capabilities as the primary host/PCI bridge 206. In this case, the AGP/PCI logic 218 becomes a second host/PCI bridge and the AGP/PCI bus 207 becomes the second (additional) PCI bus in the computer system. The PCI bus 109 is the primary PCI bus and is assigned a logical PCI bus number of zero. The additional PCI bus (AGP/PCI bus 207) may typically be assigned a logical PCI bus number of one. It is contemplated, however, in the present invention that another embodiment thereof may present to the computer system 100 both PCI bus 109 and the additional PCI bus (AGP/PCI bus 207) as a single logical PCI bus number zero. This allows a single logical PCI bus to have more PCI connectors. i.e., more PCI cards on the same PCI bus number. Device arbitration and signal synchronization would be accomplished in the core logic 104 between the two host/PCI bridges.

In another embodiment when the AGP/PCI bus 207 is serving as an additional PCI bus, the PCI/PCI bridge 220 in combination with AGP/PCI logic 218 may be used as a full function PCI/PCI bridge between the PCI bus 109 and the AGP/PCI bus 207. In this embodiment of the present invention, transactions between the host bus 103 and the AGP/PCI bus 207 would have to go through both the host/PCI bridge 206 and the now fully functional PCI/PCI bridge 220.

Referring now to FIG. 2A, a data flow block diagram of the core logic 104 of FIG. 2, according to the present invention, is illustrated. The core logic 104 communicates through the various queues, read registers, and other control signals (not illustrated). Separating the major function blocks (202, 204, 206 and 218) as illustrated and coupling these function blocks together with read and write queues allows for a significant amount of concurrency in the computer system.

There are ten address and data queues illustrated in FIG. 2A. The queues receiving information (address and data) from the CPU are: CPU to memory queue 260, CPU to PCI queue 254, and CPU to PCI queue 252. Data directed to the system memory (RAM 106) has the respective base addresses translated to the system memory address space by address translation units ("ATU") 268.

The queues receiving information directed to the CPU are: memory to CPU queue 258, PCI to CPU queue256, and PCI to CPU queue 250. Memory to PCI queue 262 receives information from the memory interface and control 204 that is directed to the host/PCI bridge 206. PCI to memory queue 264 receives information from the host/PCI bridge 206 that is directed to the memory interface and control 204. Memory to AGP/PCI queue 212a receives information from the memory interface and control 204 that is directed to the AGP/PCI logic 218. AGP/PCI to memory queue 212b receives information from the AGP/PCI logic 218 that is directed to the memory interface and control 204. A graphic address remapping table ("GART") ATU 270 translates the AGP texture data addresses to and from the system memory address space. The GART ATU 270 has a memory address table as more fully defined in the AGP specification.

The CPU to memory queue 260 handles CPU 102 posted writes to the RAM 106. The CPU to PCI queue 254 handles CPU 102 writes to the primary PCI bus 109. The CPU to PCI queue 252 handles CPU 102 writes to either an AGP device or a PCI device on the universal AGP/PCI bus 207.

The system memory (RAM 106) reads by the CPU 102 are queued in the memory to CPU queue 258. Reads from the PCI devices on the primary PCI bus 109 are queued in the PCI to CPU queue 256. Reads from the AGP device or PCI device(s) on the universal AGP/PCI bus 207 are queued in the PCI to CPU queue 250. With the queues 212a, 212b, 250, 252, the AGP/PCI logic 218 has the same capabilities as the host to PCI bridge 206 when configured as an additional host to PCI bridge.

Referring to now FIGS. 3A-3C and 4A-4D, tables of the AGP/PCI signals and the corresponding AGP (FIGS. 3A-3C) and PCI (FIGS. 4A-4D) connector pin outs, according to the AGP and PCI specifications, are illustrated. The 64 bit 3.3 volt PCI connector pin out is represented in FIGS. 4A-4D for illustrative clarity, but the 3.3 volt, 5 volt and universal PCI card connector pin outs for both 32 and 64 bit, and 33 and 66 MHz implementations (as more fully defined in the PCI specification) are also contemplated and within the scope of the present invention. The universal AGP/PCI bus 207 is comprised of the AGP and PCI signals disclosed in FIGS. 3A-3C and 4A-4D, and the bus 207 is adapted for connection to a desired AGP connector or PCI connector(s). Selection of which interface specification the logic bridge conforms to (AGP or PCI) by the core logic 104, is controlled by the AGP/PCI control 214. The pins 302 of the AGP connector (FIGS. 3A-3C) are connected to the AGP only signals 304, and AGP and PCI signals 306 of the AGP/PCI bus 207 (FIG. 2). The pins 402 of the PCI connector(s) (FIGS. 4A-4D) are connected to the AGP and PCI signals 306, and PCI only signals 408 of the AGP/PCI bus 207 (FIG. 2).

Referring to FIG. 5, a schematic block diagram of a computer system motherboard is illustrated in plan view. The computer system motherboard 500 comprises a printed circuit board 502 on which components and peripheral card connectors are mounted thereto. The printed circuit board 502 comprises conductive printed wiring 504 which is used to interconnect the components and connectors. The conductive printed wiring (illustrated as buses 103, 105 109 and 207) may be arranged into signal buses having controlled impedance characteristics. On the printed circuit board 502 are core logic 104, CPU(s) 102, RAM 106, PCI/ISA/EISA bridge 116, ISA/EISA connector(s) 506, 32 bit 33 MHz PCI connectors 512 (primary PCI bus 109), 32 bit (33 or 66 s MHz) PCI connectors 508a and 508b, 64 bit PCI extension connectors 510a and 510b, and an AGP connector 516. In one embodiment of the present invention, a printed circuit board 502a (not illustrated) has only the PCI connectors 508 and 510, but not the AGP connector 516. In a second embodiment, a printed circuit board 502b (not illustrated) has only the AGP connector 516, but not the PCI connectors 508 and 510. In a third embodiment, both the AGP connector 516 and PCI connectors 508 and 510 populate the printed circuit board 502.

The core logic 104 may be configured for either an AGP bus with the AGP connector 516 active, or a second PCI bus with PCI connectors 508a/510a and 508b/510b active. Hardware configuration jumper 514 may be utilized to select the core logic 104 interface AGP/PCI personality, or configuration registers within the core logic 104 may be set by software during system configuration or POST after enumerating the various computer system buses to determine what peripheral cards have been plugged into the system motherboard 500. A feature of the present invention allows automatic configuration of the AGP bus bridge if an AGP compliant card is detected in the AGP connector 516. Similarly, the additional PCI bus bridge is configured if a PCI card is detected in one or more of the PCI cards connectors 508, or 508 and 510. Mechanical and/or electrical interlocking is contemplated so that only the AGP bus bridge or the additional PCI bus bridge can be activated for a given system configuration.

Referring now to FIGS. 6 and 7, a schematic block diagram of another computer system motherboard is illustrated in plan view and a daughterboard adapter is illustrated in elevational view, respectively. The motherboard 600 comprises a printed circuit board 602 adapted for the components and connectors disclosed above (FIG. 5) and, in addition, an extension connector 614 is provided on the printed circuit board 602 which has all of the PCI only signals 408 (FIGS. 4A-4D) from the universal AGP/PCI bus 207. A daughterboard 702 is adapted to plug into the AGP connector 516 and the extension connector 614. The daughterboard 702 has PCI connectors 708a, 708b, 710a and 710b thereon which may be configured for a full PCI bus implementation (66 MHz, 64 bit). The PCI connectors 512 may be utilized with the PCI bus 109 (FIG. 1), and the new PCI connectors 708 and 710 on the daughterboard 702 may be used as a second PCI bus for additional PCI cards such as NICs. Configuration of the core logic 104 may be by hardware jumper 514 or software control during system configuration or POST as disclosed above.

Referring now to FIG. 8, a schematic block wiring diagram of a portion of the embodiment of the present invention according to FIG. 5 is illustrated. Each PCI device card inserted into the PCI connectors 508a and 508b require request (REQ#) and grant (GNT#) signals. According to the PCI specification, a PCI device is selected and allowed to become the PCI bus initiator when it asserts its respective REQ# signal onto the PCI bus and the PCI arbiter acknowledges the PCI device bus initiator request by asserting the respective GNT# signal back to PCI device requesting the PCI bus. In the multiple use core logic 104 of the present invention, a plurality of request and grant signals are available for either an AGP bus device or additional PCI bus devices 808a and 808b. This is partially illustrated by PCI connector 508a connected to REQO# and GNTO# signals, and PCI connector 508b connected to REQ1# and GNT1# signals all from the AGP/PCI logic 218 and AGP/PCI arbiter 216. Thus, the multiple use core logic chip set of the present invention may be configured for a computer system having either an AGP compliant bus or an additional 66 MHz (32 or 64 bits) PCI bus depending only upon the configuration of the printed circuit board 502. In this way one multiple use core logic chip set may be utilized for many differently configured computer systems from simple portable and consumer personal computers to high end workstations and network servers.

Referring now to FIG. 9, a schematic diagram of a power switch according to the present invention is illustrated. A switch 902 is controlled by the AGP/PCI power selection means 910. A power line 904 connects to the power terminals of the PCI connector(s) 508. A power line 906 connects to the power terminals of the AGP connector 516 The switch 902 applies power to either the power line 904 or the power line 906 when the PCI or AGP mode is selected, respectively. Controlling whether the power goes to the PCI connector(s) 508 or AGP connector 516 may prevent a fatal malfunction of the computer system if both a PCI card and an AGP card are inadvertently plugged into the computer system motherboard simultaneously. The AGP/PCI power selection means 910 may be controlled from the hardware configuration jumper 514 or by software control. The switch 902 may be comprised of bipolar transistors, power MOSFETS (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), relay contacts and the like.

Referring now to FIGS. 10A, 10B and 10C, FIG. 10A is a plan view of a card interlock on a portion of the motherboard illustrated in FIG. 5, and FIGS. 10B and 10C are schematic elevational views of the card interlock and the AGP connector and PCI connector(s) illustrated in FIG. 10A. A mechanical interlock 1002 is used to prevent the insertion of an AGP device card when in position 1004 illustrated in FIG. 10B, or a PCI device card when in position 1006 illustrated in FIG. 10C. The interlock 1002 is positioned perpendicular to the long axis of the connectors 508 and 516, and slides between positions 1004 and 1006 depending on whether the computer system is configured for an additional PCI bus or an AGP bus, respectively. When the interlock is in position 1004 (FIG. 10B), grooves 1008 are positioned to allow insertion of PCI device cards (not illustrated) into the PCI connectors 508, and ridge 1010 is positioned to prevent insertion of an AGP device card into the AGP connector 516. When the interlock is in position 1006 (FIG. 10C), ridges 1012 are positioned to prevent insertion of PCI device cards (not illustrated) into the PCI connectors 508, and groove 1014 is positioned to allow insertion of an AGP device card into the AGP connector 516.

The jumper 514 (FIGS. 5 and 6) may be integral with the interlock 1002 so that when the interlock 1002 is in position 1004, contact is made by the jumper 514 such that a ground signal (logic 0) is generated to input 214 for configuring the core logic 104 as an additional PCI interface. When the interlock 1002 is in position 1006, contact is not made by the jumper 514 such that a VCC signal (logic 1) is generated to input 214 for configuring the core logic 104 as an AGP interface.

The interlock 1002 may be positioned by manual means (hand or tool) or may be positioned by an electric solenoid actuator (not illustrated) and operated by the computer system. The solenoid actuator may mechanically maintain its last position when the computer system is powered down and may only move to a new position when directed by the computer system hardware. The computer system hardware being controlled by either the jumpers 514 or software. Another means of slidably moving the interlock 1002 may be a worm gear drive and motor having limit switches indicating the positions 1004 and 1006.

The present invention, therefore, is well adapted to carry out the objects and attain the ends and advantages mentioned, as well as others inherent therein. While the present invention has been depicted, described, and is defined by reference to particular preferred embodiments of the invention, such references do not imply a limitation on the invention, and no such limitation is to be inferred. The invention is capable of considerable modification, alternation, and equivalents in form and function, as will occur to those ordinarily skilled in the pertinent arts. The depicted and described preferred embodiments of the invention are exemplary only, and are not exhaustive of the scope of the invention. Consequently, the invention is intended to be limited only by the spirit and scope of the appended claims, giving full cognizance to equivalents in all respects.