US 5,801,850 AGrant
Linear Sensor Having a Plurality of Sensor Rows
Issue Date:1998-09-01
•7 Claims
•10 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A linear sensor for sampling vertically opposed pixels of a plurality of vertically arranged sensor rows substantially at a time. A plurality of horizontal transfer registers and a plurality of shift gates are provided to oppose the plurality of sensor rows. A vertical transfer register is provided at one end of the plurality of horizontal transfer registers. In the vertical transfer register, the signal charges which have been transferred by the plurality of horizontal transfer registers are transferred sequentially in vertical direction. A charge/voltage converter unit is provided at the output of the vertical transfer register. The signal charges accumulated in the vertically opposed pixels are sequentially transferred to the charge/voltage converter unit in a repetitive manner.
Metadata
Assignee
- Sony Corporation
Inventors
- Yasuhito Maki
- Motoaki Abe
- Tadakuni Narabu
- Hideo Nomura
Application Information
Application Number:US 6774717
Filing Date:1996-07-10
Priority Date:1992-03-19
Art Unit:266
Classifications
IPC:
H04N 5335
Field of Search:
358482;483
Patent Drawings (10 sheets)
Description
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a solid-state imaging device. In particular, it relates to a linear sensor which has a plurality of sensor rows.
Background of the Invention
A linear sensor which has a plurality of rows, for example, three rows formed on a chip is known. The linear sensor is used in an image information input unit such as a color image scanner or a digital color copying machine. In this three-row linear sensor, the output signals from the rows should be output from one place because the signal processing system can be simplified as compared with the case in which the output signals from the rows are output from three places.
FIG. 1 shows a conventional linear sensor. The conventional linear sensor includes three rows 1.sub.1 to 1.sub.3 which are arranged in the vertical direction (V-direction). Each of the sensor rows has a predetermined number of pixels one-dimensionally arranged in the horizontal direction (H-direction). Analog shift registers (hereinafter, called the HCCDs) 2.sub.1 to 2.sub.3 are formed of CCDs (Charge Coupled Devices) for transferring signal charges in the H-direction. Shift gates 3.sub.1 to 3.sub.3 are formed for shifting the signal charges accumulated in the pixels of the sensor rows 1.sub.1 to 1.sub.3 to the HCCDs 2.sub.1 to 2.sub.3.
The signal charges transferred by the HCCDs 2.sub.1 to 2.sub.3 are converted (or reset) into a voltage by, for example, charge/voltage converter units 5.sub.1 to 5.sub.3 of a floating diffusion amplifier provided at the output of the HCCDs 2.sub.1 to 2.sub.3. Switches SW1 to SW3 are provided at the output sides of the charge/voltage converter units 5.sub.1 to 5.sub.3. These switches SW1 to SW3 are controlled to be sequentially changed in their positions, so that the signals are output from the rows in order.
FIG. 2 shows a timing chart of two different-phase horizontal clocks .PHI.1, .PHI.2, read-out pulses .PHI.rog1 to .PHI.rog3 for shift gates 3.sub.1 to 3.sub.3 and an output signal Vout, which are indicated in FIG. 1. The period t.sub.int is the signal charge accumulating time for each row.
As described above, in the conventional three-row linear sensor in which the output signals from the rows are output from one place, the switches SW1 to SW3 must provided at the output sides of the HCCDs 2.sub.1 to 2.sub.3 and to switch the output signals from the rows. Therefore, when the output signals are to be continuously read, it is necessary to shift the sampling times for the optical signals on the rows. The image information on the three rows cannot be two-dimensionally sampled at substantially a same time.
FIG. 3 shows another conventional linear sensor. As shown this figure, several to several tens of pixels of each row are shaded to be optical black (OPB). The outputs from the OPB pixels are used to clamp for the black level correction.
FIG. 4 shows a timing chart of two different-phase horizontal clocks .PHI.1, .PHI.2, read-out pulses .PHI.rog1 to .PHI.rog3 for shift gates 3.sub.1 to 3.sub.3 and an output signal Vout, which are indicated in FIG. 3. The period t.sub.int is the signal charge accumulating time for each row.
When the number of pixels of each row is large, or when the transfer speed is slow, however, the HCCDs 2.sub.1 to 2.sub.3 cause undesirable dark current components. The signals from the pixels more separated from the OPB pixels in the horizontal direction have lower S/N ratios due to the dark current components.
Summary of the Invention
In view of the circumstances mentioned, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved linear sensor which is capable of sampling image signals on a plurality of rows substantially at a same time.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved linear sensor capable of improving the S/N ratio of the image signals.
In one aspect of the present invention, a linear sensor for sampling signals produced by vertically opposed pixels of sensor rows substantially at a same time includes a plurality of sensor rows which are vertically arranged, a plurality of horizontal transfer registers which are provided to opposed sensor rows, a plurality of shift gates for transferring accumulated signal charges to the horizontal transfer registers, a vertical transfer register which is provided at one end of the horizontal transfer registers, a charge/voltage converter unit which is provided at the output of the vertical transfer register, and driver means for driving the shift gates, the horizontal transfer registers and the vertical transfer register.
In another aspect of the present invention, the linear sensor mentioned above further includes at least one sensor row of the plurality of sensor rows which is provided at the output side of the vertical transfer register and is optically shielded.
In still another aspect of the present invention, a linear sensor for sampling signals produced by vertically opposed pixels of sensor rows substantially at a time includes a plurality of sensor rows which are vertically arranged, a plurality of horizontal transfer registers which are provided to opposed sensor rows, a plurality of shift gates for transferring accumulated signal charges to the horizontal transfer registers, a plurality of charge/voltage converter units which are provide at the outputs of the each horizontal transfer register, driver means for driving the shift gates and the horizontal transfer registers, at least one sensor row of the plurality of sensor rows which is optically shielded, and a plurality of switch means which are provided at the outputs of the each charge/voltage converter.
In accordance with the present invention, the vertical transfer register is provided at one end of the horizontal transfer registers, and the signal charges of the pixels of the sensor rows are simultaneously read-out and transferred to the horizontal transfer registers by the shift gates at the trailing edges of the read-out pulse .PHI.ROG. Thus, the vertically opposite pixels of the rows arranged in the vertical direction can be sampled at substantially a same time, and hence the signal charges of all the pixels of the rows can be two-dimensionally sampled at a time.
In addition, the charge/voltage converter unit is provided at the output of the vertical transfer register and the charge/voltage converter unit is shared by the respective rows. So, there is no need to provide the charge/voltage converter units at the rows, respectively. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the irregularity of the signal levels among the rows which is caused by the unequal characteristics of the charge/voltage converter units.
Brief Description of the Drawings
The invention will be more readily understood with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 shows a construction diagram of a conventional linear sensor;
FIG. 2 shows a timing chart for explaining the operation of the conventional linear sensor;
FIG. 3 shows a construction diagram of another conventional linear sensor;
FIG. 4 shows a timing chart for explaining the operation of the another conventional linear sensor;
FIG. 5 shows a construction diagram of a first embodiment representing a linear sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows a timing chart for explaining the operation of the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows a construction diagram of a second embodiment representing a linear sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 8 shows a timing chart for explaining the operation of the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 shows a construction diagram of a third embodiment representing a linear sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 10 shows a block diagram of a modification of the resent invention;
FIG. 11 shows a construction diagram of a linear sensor showing a color coding of each row.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail by referring to FIGS. 5 to 11. In these drawings, the same reference numerals are utilized as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 so far as the same portions are referred.
FIG. 5 shows the construction diagram of a first embodiment representing a linear sensor of the present invention. In this embodiment, three rows 1.sub.1 to 1.sub.3 are arranged in the vertical direction (V-direction). Each of the sensor rows has a predetermined number of pixels one-dimensionally arranged in the horizontal direction (H-direction). Analog shift registers (hereinafter, called the HCCDs) 2.sub.1 to 2.sub.3 are formed of CCDs (Charge Coupled Devices) for transferring signal charges in the H-direction. Shift gates 3.sub.1 to 3.sub.3 are formed for shifting the signal charges accumulated in the pixels of the sensor rows 1.sub.1 to 1.sub.3 to the HCCDs 2.sub.1 to 2.sub.3. An analog vertical shift register (hereinafter, called the VCCD) 4 is provided at one end of the HCCDs 2.sub.1 to 2.sub.3 so that signal charges transferred by the HCCDs 2.sub.1 to 2.sub.3 can be sequentially transferred in the V-direction by the VCCD.
The signal charge transferred by the VCCD 4 is converted (or reset) into a voltage by, for example, a charge/voltage converter unit 5 of a floating diffusion amplifier provided at the output of the VCCD 4. The output voltage from the charge/voltage converter unit 5 is output at the outside as a sensor output Vout from the three rows.
Moreover, a drive circuit 6 including a timing generator (not shown) is provided to drive the HCCDs 2.sub.1 to 2.sub.3, shift gates 3.sub.1 to 3.sub.3, and VCCD 4. This drive circuit 6 supplies a plurality of horizontal transfer clocks of different phases (two phases in this embodiment), .PHI.H1, .PHI.H2, to all the three HCCDs 2.sub.1 to 2.sub.3, a read-out gate pulse .PHI.ROG to all the three shift gates 3.sub.1 to 3.sub.3, and a plurality of vertical transfer clocks of different phases (two different phases in this embodiment), .PHI.V1, .PHI.V2, to the VCCD 4.
The frequency of the vertical transfer clocks .PHI.V1, .PHI.V2 is set to be higher than that of the horizontal transfer clocks .PHI.H1, .PHI.H2.
The operation of the three-row linear sensor of the above construction will be described with reference to the timing chart of FIG. 6.
First, the signal charge accumulated in the pixels of the three sensor rows 1.sub.1 to 1.sub.3 are simultaneously transferred to the HCCDs 2.sub.1 to 2.sub.3 by the shift gates 3.sub.1 to 3.sub.3 at the trailing edges of the read-out pulse .PHI.ROG. Thus, the signal charges of all the pixels of the three rows are two-dimensionally sampled at substantially a same time.
When the signal charges have been completely transferred to the HCCDs 2.sub.1 to 2.sub.3 at substantially a same time, the signal charges are sequentially transferred to the VCCD 4 by the HCCDs 2.sub.1 to 2.sub.3 in response to the two horizontal transfer clocks .PHI.H1, .PHI.H2 of different phases. The signal charges of the VCCD 4 are vertically transferred by the two different-phase vertical transfer clocks .PHI.V1, .PHI.V2 of a higher frequency than the horizontal transfer clocks .PHI.H1, .PHI.H2.
Then, the vertically transferred charges are converted into a voltage by the charge/voltage converter unit 5 and produced as the output Vout. In this case, the signal of the leftmost pixel (D.sub.1-1) of the first row is produced first, and then the signal of the leftmost pixel (D.sub.2-1) of the second row is produced, followed by the signal charge of the leftmost pixel (D.sub.3-1) of the third row.
Then, the signal of the second pixel (D.sub.1-2) of the first row, when counting from the left end, is produced, followed by the signal of the second pixel (D.sub.2-2) of the second row, and the signal of the second pixel (D.sub.3-2) of the third row.
Similarly, the signals of the pixels of the vertically arranged rows are sequentially produced in a repetitive manner.
FIG. 7 shows the construction diagram of a second embodiment representing a linear sensor of the present invention. In comparison with the foregoing linear sensor of FIG. 5, this embodiment is different in that a sensor row 1.sub.0, a HCCD 2.sub.0 and a shift gate 3.sub.0 are formed at the output of the VCCD 4. Other structures are the same. The sensor row 1.sub.0 is formed of a black row optically shielded by an Aluminum-shading film or the like. The image signal from the black row is used for the black level correction. While one black row is provided in this embodiment, a plurality of black rows may be naturally provided.
As shown in FIG. 8, the vertically transferred charges are converted into a voltage by the charge/voltage converter unit 5 and produced as the output Vout. In this case, the signal of the leftmost pixel (B.sub.1) of the black row is produced first, and then the signal of the leftmost pixel (D.sub.1-1) of the first row is produced, followed by the signal charge of the leftmost pixel (D.sub.2-1) of the second row and the signal of the leftmost pixel (D.sub.3-1) of the third row.
Then, the signal of the second pixel (B.sub.2) of the black row, when counting from the left end, is produced, followed by the signal of the second pixel (D.sub.1-2) of the first row, the signal of the second pixel (D.sub.2-2) of the second row, and the signal of the second pixel (D.sub.3-2) of the third row.
Similarly, the signals of the pixels of the vertically arranged rows are sequentially produced in a repetitive manner.
As it is obvious from the waveform of the output Vout shown in FIG. 8, since the optically shielded sensor row 1.sub.0 is provided at the output of the VCCD 4, the signal of the black row is produced before the signals of the pixels of the vertically arranged rows. Thus the black level correction can be performed on the basis of this black signal. When the black row signal is output, each black signal contains different dark current component which depend on the charge transfer time difference of the pixels of the black row. Since the charge of the pixel closer to the right end of the black row has the longer transfer time, the dark current component is large. Therefore, by clamping the black signal produced from each pixel, it is possible to more precisely correct the black level, and improve the S/N ratio of the image signal. The clamping for the black level correction may be made either within the sensor chip or in the outside.
FIG. 9 shows the construction diagram of a third embodiment representing a linear sensor of the present invention. In this embodiment, as in the second embodiment, sensor rows 1.sub.0 to 1.sub.3 are arranged in the vertical direction. HCCDs 2.sub.0 to 2.sub.3 are formed for transferring signal charges in the H-direction. Shift gates 3.sub.0 to 3.sub.3 are formed for shifting the signal charges accumulated in the pixels of the sensor rows 1.sub.0 to 1.sub.3 to the HCCDs 2.sub.0 to 2.sub.3. Of the four sensor rows 1.sub.0 to 1.sub.3, the top sensor row 1.sub.0 is optically shielded to be the black line for the black level correction.
The signal charges transferred by the HCCDs 2.sub.0 to 2.sub.3 of the rows are converted into voltages by the charge/voltage converter units 5.sub.0 to 5.sub.3 which are provided at the outputs of the HCCDs 2.sub.0 to 2.sub.3. The output voltage from the charge/voltage converter units 5.sub.0 to 5.sub.3 are output as the output Vout by switches SW0 to SW3.
According to this construction, the black signal of one row can be output. So, the black output can be clamped for black level correction at each pixel corresponding vertically to each rows. Thus, as is similar to the second embodiment, even if difference of the dark current components depend on the horizontal transfer time difference, the black level correction can be more accurately carried out. Therefore, the S/N ratio of the image signal can be improved.
While only one black row is provided in this embodiment, a plurality of black rows may be of course provided. In addition, while the black row is provided on the top in FIG. 9, it may be provided between the three rows for image information. In this case, since the black signal is used as a reference for the black level correction, the switches SW0 to SW3 must be controlled to operate so that the black signal can be produced before the outputs from the other three rows.
According to the above constructions, as will be obvious from the waveforms of the output Vout shown in FIGS. 6 and 8, the image signals from the respective rows are alternately produced.
As shown in FIG. 10, a sampling circuit 7 may be provided as an external circuit. The sampling circuit 7 samples the output Vout at predetermined intervals, and rearranges the pixel signals at each row, converting them into a television signal.
In addition, the linear sensor of the present invention can be used as a color linear sensor. In this case, each of the three sensor rows 1.sub.1 to 1.sub.3 has trios of primary color dots (R, G, B) arranged in a dot-sequential manner so that the same color dots are aligned in the V-direction as shown in FIG. 11. Thus, the same color pixel signals of the three rows can be produced together as the output Vout.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been shown and disclosed, it is to be understood that numerous changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and intent of the invention.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A sensor for sampling pixels of a plurality of vertically arranged sensor rows substantially at a same time comprising: a plurality of sensor rows vertically arranged, each sensor row having a plurality of horizontally arranged pixels; a plurality of horizontal transfer registers provided to oppose said plurality of sensor rows for transferring signal charges in the horizontal direction; a plurality of shift gates for transferring said signal charges accumulated in the pixels of said plurality of sensor rows to said plurality of horizontal transfer registers substantially at a same time; a charge/voltage converter unit provided at the output of each horizontal transfer register; drive means for driving said shift gates, and said horizontal transfer registers; at least one sensor row of said plurality of sensor rows, being optically shielded; and a switch means provided at the output of each charge/voltage converter, wherein said switch means are controlled to operate so that said signal charges accumulated in said vertically opposed pixels of said plurality of vertically arranged sensor rows are sequentially output in a repetitive manner.
2. A linear sensor according to claim 1, wherein said switch means are controlled to operate so that said signal charge of said at least one optically shielded sensor row are output before the outputs from the other rows.
3. A linear sensor according to claim 1, wherein said sensor rows, said horizontal transfer registers and said shift registers are each provided for four rows.
4. A linear sensor according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of sensor rows except for said at least one optically shielded sensor row has primary color dot trios arranged in a dot-sequential manner.
5. A linear sensor according to claim 1, wherein the outputs from said each charge/voltage converter unit are sampled to produce a television signal for said plurality of sensor rows.
6. A linear sensor according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of shift gates are used to read-out said signal charges accumulated in all the pixels of said plurality of sensor rows and transfer said signal charges to said plurality of horizontal transfer registers at a time.
7. The sensor of claim 1, further comprising means for correcting a signal level of said pixels by adjusting said signal level with reference to a level from a charge of a corresponding pixel from the at least one shielded row.